DESIGN OF PURLINS:

Specifications:
fy = 250 Mpa ( A- 36 steel)

Designing Loads:
Wind loads = 1.892 kN/m² (Corresponding to super typhoon with wind velocity of 200 kph)
Roof covering = 0.080 kN/m² Spacing of Purlins = 0.6 m
Roof Live loads = 0.6 kN/m² Spacing of Trusses = 1.5 m
Ashfall Load = 1.2 kN/m² angle ϴ = 27.76 degrees
Height of Truss= 2.50 m
span of truss= 9.5 m
Roof load : W Using Duchimen's formula: Half of span= 4.75 m
sin ϴ= 0.465746433

W= wind load ((2 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ)/(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛²θ)) sin² ϴ= 0.21691974

W= 1.448234 KN/m²

1) Consider tributary area:

W1 = w x spacing of purlins
= 0.8689404 kN/m
= 868.94038 N/m

W2 = (wt. of dead and roof live load) (spacing of purlins)

= 1.128 kN/m
= 1128 N/m

2) Solve for load components:

ΣFy=0] ΣFx=0]
Wy = W2 sin ϴ Wx = W1 + W2 cos ϴ
= 525.36 N/m = 1867.13 N/m

3) Solve for moment components:

a) Mx = WxL²/ 8 b) My = WyL²/ 32
= 525.13 N-m (roof) = 36.94 N-m

4) Solve for Minimum depth "d": Assume compact section:

min. d = L / 30 Allowable Fb = 0.66 Fy
= 50.00 mm 165 MPa

5) Select a trial section:

C50X50X20 X 1.50purlin
d= 120 mm M= 37.00 kg/m
 bf = 66 mm Sx = 221000 mm³
tf = 11.10 mm Sy = 18800 mm³
tw= 6.10 mm

6) Solve for additional loads:

Add'l load due to wt of purlin = 362.97 N/m

a) Normal wt., wx = wt.purlin ( Cosϴ ) = 321.20 N/m

b) Tangential wt., wy = wt.purlin ( Sin ϴ ) = 169.05 N/m

c) Normal Moment, Mx = Wx L² / 8 = 90.34 N-m

d) Tangential Moment = Wy L² / 32 = 11.89 N-m

7) Check if the section is compact:

bf ≤ 170 d ≤ 1690
2tf Fy tw Fy

2.97 < 10.75 19.67 < 106.88

Therefore the section is a compact section: IF NON COMPACT: Fb = 0.60 Fy

Use allowable fb Fb = 0.66 Fy Fb= 165 IF COMPACT: Fb = 0.66 Fy
Therefore use : Fb = 0.66 Fy
8) Check in flexure:

Actual fb = Mx ( roof + purlins) + My (roof ) + My (purlins)

Sx ½ Sy Sy

Mx (roof) = 525.13 N-m Mx (roof + purlin) = 2.78 Mpa

My (roof) = 36.94 N-m Sx
Mx (purlins) = 90.34 N-m
My (purlins) = 11.89 N-m My (roof) = 3.93 Mpa
½ Sy

My (purlin) = 0.63 Mpa

Sy

actual fb = 7.3 MPa < allowable Fb = 165 Mpa (safe)

9) Check for shear:

Allowable Fv = 0.4Fy = 100 Mpa

Actual Fv² = Fvx² + Fvy²

a) Fvx = Vx / dtw Vx = (Wx (roof & Purlin) x L
2.24 Mpa 2
= 1641.245 N

b) Fvy = Vy / dtf Vy = 5Wy(roof&purlin) x L

0.44 Mpa 16
= 325.51 N

Actual Fv = 2.29 Mpa < 100 Mpa (Safe)

(roof)
.66
 DESIGN OF SAGRODS

Loads carried by purlins:

wt of purlins = 362.97 N/m
Roof covering = 48.00 N/m

Sagrod
Purlins

Total load = wt of purlins + roof covering

= 410.97 N/m

Force carried by sagrods:

R= 5wL / 8 L= 2.8 m
= 719.20 N

Force carried by the critical portion of purlins : no.of purlins = 5

T= pcs of purlins x force carried by sagrods
= 3595.99 N

Ft= 0.33 Fu
= 0.33 (400 Mpa)
= 132 Mpa

Solving for area:

T = Ft ( A )
A = T / Ft
A = 27.2423 mm²

Solving for diameter:

A = π d² / 4

d= 5.89 mm say 10 mm

Therefore, use 10 mmØ for sagrod

 DESIGN OF TRUSS

Solving for stresses in truss:

Assume weight of truss = (Wtotal) (a x L) (1+ 0.328L)

100

Designing loads: span of truss/ rafter, L = 9.5 m

wt. of purlins = 0.7259 kN/m² half of truss span = 4.8 m
roof covering = 0.080 kN/m² Spacing of trusses/rafter,a = 4.5 m
bracing load = 0.200 kN/m² Spacing of Purlins = 0.75 m
Live load = 0.60 kN/m² pitch of truss, h = 2.5 m
ceiling = 0.920 kN/m² angle θ = 27.76 °
others = 2.36 kN/m² spacing of joints = 0.724 m
total load = 4.89 kN/m²

Compute for truss weight:

truss weight = 8.60 kN

Load per top panel joint = 2 x (truss wt) / (3 x L) = 0.60 kN

Load per bottom panel joint = 0.30 kN

Dead load on truss panel (due to gravity loads):

Purlin wt = 0.73 kN/m x 4.5 m = 3.267 kN
GI sheet & bracing= 0.280 kN/m² x 4.5 m x 0.750 m= 0.945 kN
Ceiling wt = 0.92 kN/m² x 4.5 m x 0.724 m= 2.99736 kN

P1= 2 x purlin wt. + truss wt. + (G.I sheet & bracing)

P1= 8.082 kN
P2= purlin wt. + truss wt. + (G.I sheet & bracing)
P2= 4.815 kN
P3= purlin wt. + ½ truss wt. + ½(G.I sheet & bracing)
P3= 4.041 kN
P4= ceiing wt + truss wt.
P4= 3.30 kN

Consider the whole truss as free a body:

P res = P1 + 6(P2) + 2(P3) +7(P4)
P res = 68.14695 kN
By Symmetry:
RAv = RBv = 34.07 kN

H
 H

A
C E G I

By Method of Joints:
At Joint A
P3

AB

AC

RAv

ΣFh=0]
ABh = ABcos θ₁
ABh = -57.06 kN
ABh = AC = -47.19 kN Compression
AC = 47.19 kN Tension
ΣFv=0]
Rav+ABv = P3
ABv = P3-RAv
AB = (P3-Rav)/sin θ₁
AB = -64.48 kN Tension
AB = 53.33 kN Compression

At Joint B
P3

sin θ₁ = 0.466
BD
 cos θ₁ = 0.885

AB

BC

ΣFv=0]
By inspection, P3=BC
BC = 4.041 kN Compression

ΣFh=0]
By inspection, AB=BD
BD = 53.330 kN Compression

STRESSES DUE TO WIND LOAD : Wind loads = 1.892 kN/m²

angle θ = 27.76 °
sin θ = 0.466
cos θ = 0.885
 PN = 1.448 kN/m² Spacing of trusses/rafter,a = 4.5 m
Spacing of joint, Ljoint = 1.25 m
No of top joints= 5
w= 8.146 kN
Wtotal = 32.585 kN
W/2 = 4.073 kN
(W/2)h = 3.604 kN
(W/2)v = 1.897 kN

ΣMB=0]
RAv (span) = Wtotal(cos θ)(d) - Wtotal (sin θ)(h) d = 7.125 m
RAv = 18.03 kN h = 2.25 m
ΣFh=0]
RAh = Wtotal(sin θ)
RAh = 15.17647 kN
ΣFv=0]
RBv = Wtotal(cos θ) - Rav
RBv = 10.80325 kN

By Method of Joints:
At Joint A

W/2 AB

AC
RAh

RAv
ΣFh=0]
RAh + (W/2)h + AC = Abh
RAh + (W/2)h - ABh = AC (-)
AC (-) = -13.904 kN
AC = 13.904 kN Tension
ΣFv=0]
RAv = Abv + (W/2)v
AB = (RAv - (W/2)v)/sin θ₁
AB = 30.98 kN Compression

At Joint B

W sin θ₁ = 0.466
BD
cos θ₁ = 0.885

AB
 BC
ΣFv=0]
BC+ABv = (W)h +BDv
BC = BDv - ABv + (W)h
BC = 9.206 kN Compression

ΣFh=0]
(W)v + ABh = BDh
BD = (ABh + (W)v)/cos θ₁
BD = 35.26497 kN Compression

Designing P (Tension)=
Designing P (Compression)=
H
H

I
61.094 kN MEMBER AC
88.595 kN MEMBER BD
 DESIGN OF TRUSSES

Design for Compression:

P= 88.59 kN Fy= 250 Mpa

Design constants:
k= 1.0 E= 200000 Mpa L= 1.41

Solve for required area:

let L/r = 0

Factor of safety, FS= 5 + (3kL/r) + (kL/r)3

3 8Cc 8Cc3
= 1.67

Factored Fy= Fy = 150.00 Mpa

FS

Assumed 80% = 120.00 Mpa

Fy = P trial A = P / Fy
A = 738.29 mm2

Try 2L 2"x2"x1/4" angular bar

r1
Properties of single 2L 2"x2"x1/4"
Area, A = 1220 mm²
Weight, W = 9.40 kg/m
Width, B = 50.8 mm
Height H = 50.80 mm
Thickness, t = 6.35 mm
x = 14.4 mm
y = 18.2 mm
y
Ix = 120000 mm^4
Sx = 131097 mm³
rx = 15.4 mm
Iy = 230000 mm^4 x
Sy = 180258 mm³
ry = 21.4 mm B
Cc = 125.664

6 6

50
 6 6

A= 2440 mm²
Ix = 2 x Igx = 240000 mm^4
Sx = Ix/c = 7361.963 mm³
rx = √Ix/A = 9.917694 mm

Iy = 2(Igy + Ad²) = 1198734 mm^4

Sy = Iy/c = 22281.31
ry = √Iy/A = 22.16494 mm

Therefore Use r = 9.917694 mm

1st condition : if kL/r < Cc , use P /A = Fy ( 1 - (kL/r)2 ) = 53.65

FS 2Cc2

2nd Condition: if kL/r > Cc , use P/A= π²12E = 50.77

23(L/r)²

kL/r = 142.43 > 125.664

Therefore use the second condition P/A = 50.77 N/mm²

Check:
P= 50.77 x 2440
P= 123.87 kN > 88.59 kN (Safe)

Therefore use 2L 2"x2"x1/4" angular bar for compression members

m

r1
 DESIGN OF TRUSSES

Design for Tension:

P= 61.09 kN
Fy = 250 MPa
Fu = 400 MPa
L= 1.25
Solve for gross area:
Ft = 0.6Fy = 150 MPa
Ag = P/Ft = 407.2927 mm²

Solve for net area:

Ft = 0.5Fu = 200 MPa
Ae = P/Ft = 305.4695 mm²

Solve for minimum radius of gyration:

r = L/300 = 4.166667

Try 2L 2"x2"x3/16" angular bar

r1
Properties of single 2L 2"x2"x3/16"
Area, A = 929 mm²
Weight, W = 7.20 kg/m
Width, B = 50.8 mm
Height H = 50.80 mm
Thickness, t = 4.76 mm H
x= 11.10 mm
y= 13.3 mm
Ix = 193000 mm^4 y r1
Sx = 100944 mm³
rx = 15.5 mm
Iy = 193000 mm^4 x
Sy = 133391 mm³
ry = 21.1 mm B

53 5 53
17.4

17.4
6 5 6
14.45

50

6 6

A= 1858 mm²
Ix = 2 x Igx = 386000 mm^4
 Sx = Ix/c = 10293.33 mm³
rx = √Ix/A = 14.41354 mm

Iy = 2(Igy + Ad²) = 755389 mm^4

Sy = Iy/c = 14040.69
ry = √Iy/A = 20.16334 mm

Therefore Use r = 14.41354 mm

Solve for the length of each side fillet weld required for balance condition:

5
53 17.4 53

17.4
5
6 6
14.45
14.5
50
35.5
6 6

Minimum Tensile Strength (Fu) of Weld for E60 Electrode = 425 MPa

Allowable shear on effective area of weld:

Fv = 0.3Fu = 127.5 MPa

Allowable shear on base metal: (Use A36 (Fy = 250 MPa) for all steels)
Fv = 0.4Fy = 100 MPa

Considering one member only:

P/2 = 30.54695 kN
Length of weld on one side, L = L1 = L2

Based on weld metal shear:

L = P/(0.707tFv) = 57 mm

Based on base metal shear:

Av = t x L = 6L (contact area between the weld and metal)
P = AvFv = 6L(Fv)
L= 51 mm

Use L = 57 mm

For balanced condition:

L1y1 = L2y2

y1 = 14.5 mm
y2 = 35.5 mm
 L1 = 2.448276 L2
L2 = 17 mm
L1 = 42 mm

Solve for Effective Net Area (Ae) for Welded Connections:

Ae = uAg
L>W
Where:
` L = Length of Weld
W = Distance Between Welds

When L > 2W u = 1
When 2W > L > 1.5W u = 0.87
When 1.5W > L > W u = 0.75

Case
1 42 > 101.6 TRUE
2 101.6 > 42 > 76.2 FALSE
3 76.2 > 42 > 50.8 FALSE

Therefore Use u = 1
Ae = 1858 > 305.4695 (safe)

Therefore use L 64 X 38 X 4.8mm angular bar for tension members

 L1

14.5
200.87 kN
35.5

L2