Project Synopsis Railway-Track-Crack-Detection System

Chapter: - 1
Introduction
The Indian Railways has one of the largest railway networks in the world, crises- crossing
over 1,15,000 km in distance, all over India. However, with regard to reliability and passenger
safety Indian Railways is not up to global standards. Among other factors, cracks developed on the
rails due to absence of timely detection and the associated maintenance pose serious questions on
the security of operation of rail transport. A recent study revealed that over 25% of the track length
is in need of replacement due to the development of cracks on it. Manual detection of tracks is
cumbersome and not fully effective owing to much time consumption and requirement of skilled
technicians. This project work is aimed towards addressing the issue by developing an automatic
railway track crack detection system. This work introduces a project that aims in designing robust
railway crack detection scheme (RCODS) using IR SENSOR assembly system which avoids the
train accidents by detecting the cracks on railway tracks.
This system is mainly concerned in identifying the cracks in railway tracks and helps to
prevent the accidents without manual power. It’s not only concentrated on finding damaged tracks
but also helpful to find out the derailment and the exact place where it is. In this technical
solutions offered by many companies in the detection of cracks in rails involve periodic
maintenance coupled with occasional monitoring usually once a month or in a similar time frame.
But the roboticspossesses the inherent advantage of facilitating monitoring of rail tracks on a daily
basis during nights, when the usual train traffic is suspended. Further, that the simplicity of this
idea and easy availability of the components make for implementationon a large scale with very
little initial investment. The simplicity of this work ensures robustness of operation and also the
design has been carefully modified to permit rugged operation. Another disadvantage that can be
attributed to the conventional
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Chapter: - 2
Objective
The main aim of the project is to design and develop an automatic railway crack detection
system based on image processing technology and obstacle detection system based on ultrasonic
sensing technology where in on board robot circuitry can be used to detect crack and sensors. The
Indian Railways apparently lacks new technologies, therefore chances of human error are more
and it is one of the major causes of rail accidents in India
 The key takes away from data is that initiatives that the potential for human errors such as
automated inspection and asset monitoring techniques, replacement of over-aged assets
(tracks, signaling).
 Besides crack detection, this project also aims at detecting obstacles present on the railway
track in order to prevent railway accidents.
 Reduces the need for manpower.
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Chapter: - 3
Literature Survey:
•The paper “Review Paper on Rail Track Flaw Detection Using Matlab” [1], according to the author is a
more reliable and less timeconsuming mode of crack detection on the railway track. In vision-based method
camera, we will use to capture the images or videos. In this method, the device will capture an image of
railway track component using the vehicle-mounted camera, image enhancement using image processing
and assisted automation using a real-time tracking algorithms. In visual inspection system, a high-speed
digital camera, which is installed under a test train, is used to capture an image of rail track and then the
obtained images are analyzed automatically using a customized image processing software.
In India railways transportation service is the cheapest and most convenient mode of passenger transport as
well as for long distance and suburban traffic. Almost 80% of the transport in India is being carried out by
railway network. The main cause of the accidents happened in railways are railway track crossing and
unidentified crack in rail tracks. About 60% accidents are happened at railway track crossing and due to
crack in railway tracks resulting in loss of precious life of passengers and loss of economy. Therefore, there
is a need to have new technology which will be robust, efficient and stable for both crack detection in
railway track as well as object detection. This project discusses a Railway track crack detection using
sensors and is a dynamic approach which combines the use of GPS tracking system and GSM module to
send alert messages and the geographical coordinate of location. An Arduino Microcontroller is used to
control and coordinate the activities of this device.
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Chapter: - 4
Action Plan
Sr.
Activity Sept October November December
No.
Problem Identification / Project Title &
1. 
Allotment of Guide
Industrial survey /
2. 
Literature Review
3. Project Proposal 
Execution of plan (Project Methodology ) :
4. 1. Block diagram 
2. Component selection
4. Log Book 
5. Portfolio 
6. Report 
7. Presentation 
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Chapter: - 5
Proposed Methodology
 Selection the various materials as pre required for project

 Fabrication of the model using various manufacturing process
 Testing of the project
Diagram of railway track crack detection
Battery Controller
LED Indicator
IR Sensor
Frame Robot Wheel with Motor
Fig: - Railway track crack detection
Chapter: - 6
Conclusion
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This project discusses the critical safety techniques for high-speed train operation
environment based on the train control system. In this paper, a method to detect cracks in railway
tracks has been presented using image processing techniques. The method replaces manual
inspection of the track section, by automatic inspection. This will help to detect cracks
immediately and reduce the possibilities of any mis happening. Since the system would be
automatic and will require less manual intervention, the utmost efficiency of the system can be
ensured. In order to ensure safe operation of trains, we propose a wireless network access
framework according to the monitoring network of surrounding environment and the deployment
of transition network to avoid collision of trains and obstacle detection. The system has the ability
to pin point the location and other attributes of an operational train in an economical accurate
manner. The goal of this work is to design and implement a cost-effective and intelligent full-
fledged and wireless-based Train Anti Collision and Detection System to avoid an accident. This
will help to detect cracks immediately and reduce the possibilities of any mishappening. Since the
system would be automatic and will require less manual intervention, the utmost efficiency of the
system can be ensured. However, this system finds difficulty in sensing an internal crack in the
railway track. The idea can be implemented in large scale, in the long run, to facilitate better safety
standards for rail tracks and provide effective testing infrastructure for achieving better results in
the future
References
[1] Eshu Sharma, Mr. Swet Chandan “Railway track crack detection based on GSM technique” ( IRJET)
Volume 3, Issue 8 Page No: 140 -157, April-2016
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[2] R.Revathi , P.Mahalakshmi , Dr.V.Nandagopal “Efficient Automated System of Crack Detection in
Rail Network For Surveying Purpose” (JIRAS) Volume No.1, Issue No.1 Page No: 128 -132, JULY – 2015
[3] Ramavath Swetha , P.V.Prasad Reddy “Railway Track Crack Detection Autonomous Vehicle”
(GJAET) Volume 4, Issue 3 Page No: 120-180 June-2015.
[4] Anand S. Muley , Mr. Siddhant B. Patil , Prof. A.H.Shelar “Railway track crack detection based on
GSM technique” (IEEE) Volume: 04 Page No: 961-970, Issue: 01 Jan -2017
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Chapter: - 1

 Selection the various materials as pre required for project

Diagram of railway track crack detection

Frame Robot Wheel with Motor

Fig: - Railway track crack detection

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