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    BRAINSTORM INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Fruitful

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    BRAINSTORM INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Fruitful

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    edimefortune
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    dzxxdzfgbz

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    BRAINSTORM INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL fruitful

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    BRAINSTORM INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Fruitful

    Uploaded by

    edimefortune
    dzxxdzfgbz

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    BRAINSTORM INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

    CLASS:JSS1

    SUBJECT:MATHEMATICS

    EXPONENTS
    1. POSITIVE INTEGRAL EXPONENT
    If n is a positive integer, an represents the product of n factors of which is a.
    thus a4 = a. a. a. a in an, a is called the base and n the exponent or index.We
    may read an as the nth power of a or “a to the nth” if n = 2 we read a2 to the
    nth. “if n = 2 we read a2 as “a squared; a3 is read “a cebed”
    EXAMPLES; X3 = X. X. X, 25 = 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. = 32 (-3)3 = (-3) (-3) (-3) = -27

    NEGATIVE INTEGRAL EXPONENT


    If n is a positive integer, we define
    1
    a-n = n assuming a G 0
    a

    EXAMPLE:
    1 1 1 −4 1
    2-4 = 4 '
    3
    −3 = 3 =27, -4X-2 = 2
    , (a + b) =
    2 16 3 X ¿¿

    2. ROOTS
    If n is a positive integer and if a and b are such that an =b, then a is said to be
    an nth root of b.
    if b is positive, there is only
    one positive number such as that an = b. we write this positive number
    √n 16 and call it the principal nth root of b.

    EXAMPLE 3 √
    4
    16 is that positive number which when raised to the 4th
    Power yields 16. Clearly this is +2 so we write√
    4
    16 = + 2

    EXAMPLE 4. The number -2 when raised to the 4th power also yields16.
    We call -2 a 4th root of 16 but not the principal 4th root of 16.
    If b is negative, there is no positive nth root of b, but there is a negative nth
    Root of b if n is odd. We call this negative number the principal nth root of b
    and we write it.√4
    b

    EXAMPLE 5: √
    3
    −27 is that number which is raised to the third power (or cubed)
    yields -27. Clearly. This is -3 and so we write √
    3
    −27 = -3 as the principal nth cube
    root of -27.
    EXAMPLE 7: if n is even, as in √ 4
    −16 there is no principal nth root in terms
    Of real numbers:
    Note. In advanced mathematics it can be shown that there are exactly n values
    Of such that an = b,b G 0, provided we allow imaginary (or complex)
    Numbers.

    −3
    0.08 8∗10
    (C) = =6. X 10−3 +5 =6. X 102 60
    0.00012 12∗10−3
    2
    (80 000 000) (0.000 003) (3 x 10¿¿−6) .3
    (D) = (8 X 10¿¿ 7) ¿ ¿ = 82 4
    ( 600 000 ) (0.0002) 4
    (6 x 10¿ ¿5)(2 x 10 ¿¿−4)¿ ¿ 6.2
    14 −6
    10 .10 19
    5 −16 = 2 x 10
    10 .10
    √3 (0.004)4 (0.0036) 3 (36 x 10¿ ¿−4) √ 256 (36) −12
    10 . 10
    4
    (E) = √ (4 x 10)4 = . =
    (120 000)
    2
    12 x 10 ¿2 144 8
    4

    7.17 For what real values of the variables involved will each of the following

    Operations be valid and yield real numbers ?


    1
    (a) √ x 2= ( x 2 ¿ 2 = x 1
    =1

    −1 −1 −1
    −2
    a −b
    −2
    (a ¿ ¿−1+b )(a −b )
    = -1
    –b ) [c] −1 −1 =¿ ¿ ¿ =
    -1
    ¿ = -1
    + b-1
    a −b (a ¿ ¿−1−b−1)¿

    (a) √ x 4 2x 2 + 1 = √ ¿ ¿ ¿ = x2 + 1

    1
    x −1 (x−1)
    1 = (x – 1) = (x – 1) 2 =√ x−1
    1- 1
    (e) =
    √ x−1 ( x−1) 2

    SOLUTION

    (a) When x is a real number ,√ x 2 must be positive or zero, Assuming √ x 2 = x


    √
    Were true for all x, then if x = -1 we would have (−1)2 = -1 or √ 1 = -1,!.e.
    1= -1, a contradiction. Thus √ x = x if x ≥ 0 we have √ = -x.
    2

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