50 Delay Analysis Terminologies

PRAGMATIC PROJECT CONSILIUM
50
DELAY ANALYSIS
TERMINOLOGIES
YOU NEED TO KNOW AS A DELAY PRO
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01 DELAY ANALYSIS TERMINOLOGIES
CRITICAL PATH METHOD

(CPM)
A scheduling technique to
determine the longest sequence of
dependent tasks, defining the
project's minimum duration.
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DELAY ANALYSIS
METHODOLOGIES:
Methodology used to analyze the

delays such as
Impacted As Planned
Time Impact Analysis
As Planned Vs As Built
Window Analysis
Collapsed As Built
Retrospective Longest path,
etc.,
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BASELINE SCHEDULE
The initial project schedule agreed

between parties, against which
progress is measured.
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EXTENSION OF TIME (EOT)
Formal request for additional time

to complete a project due to delays.
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CRITICAL PATH DELAY
A delays specifically occurs on the

critical path leading to the late
completion of milestones
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CONCURRENT DELAY
When multiple delays affect the

project timeline simultaneously.
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EXCUSABLE DELAY
A delay for which the contractor is

not held accountable, often beyond
their control
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NON-EXCUSABLE DELAY
A delay for which the contractor is

held accountable, typically within
their control
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TOTAL FLOAT
The maximum amount of time a task

can be delayed without affecting
subsequent tasks or the project
finish date
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FREE FLOAT
The amount of time a task can be

delayed without delaying the start
of any succeeding dependent tasks
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FLOAT OWNERSHIP
Allocation of ownership of total

float based on contractual and legal
principles
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DELAY VS DISRUPTION
A delay occurs when an activity is

completed later than planned, while
a disruption refers to any event that
interrupts the normal flow of work,
resulting in a loss of productivity or
efficiency. A delay can be a
consequence of a disruption, but a
disruption does not necessarily
result in a delay.
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LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY
A higher cost per man-hour of

productive labor.
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LOSS OF EFFICIENCY
A greater number of man-hours to

perform the same work
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ACCELERATION
Acceleration is a technique
employed in projects to speed up
the completion of work beyond the
originally estimated timeline by
adding more resources
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MITIGATION
Mitigation in delays involves

strategies to reduce the impact of
delay events in projects, minimizing
losses and expenses
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DIRECTED ACCELERATION
Acceleration executed under

explicit instructions from the
project owner, aiming to ensure
timely project completion.
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CONSTRUCTIVE
ACCELERATION
The contractor takes proactive

acceleration measures to address
the delays, seeking to recover lost
time, irrespective of cause of delays.
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RECOVERY SCHEDULE
A special plan to regain lost time

compared to the master schedule,
typically required in contracts when
the projected finish date no longer
indicates timely completion
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SCHEDULE COMPRESSION
Shortening project duration without

cutting scope. Often increases costs
and has limitations
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LAG
Lags simply delay a successor

activity—no effort or resources are
associated with this passage of
time.
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LEAD OR NEGATIVE LAG
A negative lag, known as a lead, is

used to accelerate a successor
activity.
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HARD CONSTRAINTS
Constraints that prevent activities

being moved, The hard constraints
are
1. Must-Finish-On (MFO)
2. Must-Start-On (MSO),
3. Start-No-Later-Than (SNLT),
and
4. Finish-No-Later-Than (FNLT)
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SOFT CONSTRAINTS
Constraints that do not prevent

activities being moved. The soft
constraints are :
1. As-Soon-As-Possible (ASAP),
2. Start-No-Earlier-Than (SNET),
and
3. Finish-No-Earlier-Than (FNET)
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FORENSIC DELAY ANALYSIS
Detailed retrospective investigation

to determine causes and
responsibilities for project delays
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SCHEDULE CONTINGENCY
Reserved time or resources in the

project schedule to accommodate
unexpected delays.
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BASELINE REVIEW
A review on the Baseline to check

the suitability of Baseline for
Analysis.
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INVALID PROGRESS DATES
Activities with an invalid actual or

forecast dates
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PLANNED COMPLETION
DATE (PCD)
The original anticipated project

finish date.
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PROLONGATION COST
Additional costs incurred due to

project delays
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LIQUIDATED DAMAGES
Pre-determined financial penalties

for failure to meet project
deadlines.
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SCHEDULE CONTINGENCY
Reserved time or resources within

the project schedule to
accommodate unforeseen delays or
changes.
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CONTEMPORANEOUS
RECORDS
Documentation created
contemporaneously with project
events, providing accurate records
for delay analysis
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SOCIETY OF CONSTRUCTION
LAW (SCL)
SCL is a global organization that

focuses on the study and
advancement of construction law
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ASSOCIATION FOR THE

ADVANCEMENT OF COST
ENGINEERING (AACE)
AACE is a professional association

dedicated to advancing the practice
of cost engineering and
management
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DANGLING LOGIC
Scheduling logic that is not properly

tied to an activity’s start or end
date. Also referred to as hanging
logic
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FRAGNET
A fragnet is a segment or fragment

of a project schedule or network
diagram focusing on a specific
aspect or portion of the overall
project
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NEAR-CRITICAL ACTIVITY
A near-critical activity have total

float close to that of the critical
path, implying a limited margin for
delay. Such activities can swiftly
transition to critical status should
their minimal total float be depleted
due to delays
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OUT-OF-SEQUENCE LOGIC
Occurs when the progress on an

activity deviates from the originally
planned sequence, resulting in tasks
being completed in a different
order than initially intended
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PROGRESS OVERRIDE
When out-of-sequence progress

happens, managers may opt to
override the planned network logic,
allowing work on the activity to
proceed despite its original
sequence. Actual field progress
takes precedence over planned
logic, allowing continued work on
the out-of-sequence activity
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RESOURCE LEVELING
Process of smoothing out resource

utilization to prevent resource
overloading and minimize project
delays.
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TIME AT LARGE
When no party is responsible for a

delay, extending the project's
completion date
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AS BUILT SCHEDULE
A schedule showing actual work

progress and completion dates.
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ATTRIBUTION
Process of determining the cause or

source of a delay in a project.
Identifying the factors, events, or
parties responsible for the delay
and understanding their impact on
the project schedule
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PROSPECTIVE DELAY
ANALYSIS
Forecasting the potential impact of

known or anticipated events on the
project schedule
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RETROSPECTIVE DELAY
ANALYSIS
Involves examining past events and

their actual impact on the project
schedule
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DELAY REGISTER
A delay log that records all the

delay events that happened in
project.
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MONTHLY PROGRESS
REPORT
Report submitted on Project

Progress on Monthly Intervals
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DRAWING & DOCUMENT

REGISTER
An essential record for accurately

tracking project revisions and
document updates, enabling
thorough retrospective analysis and
identification of potential delays
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CHANGE ORDER LOG
Provids a detailed record of all

approved changes to the project
scope, schedule, and budget,
facilitating retrospective
assessment of their impacts on
project timelines
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PRAGMATIC PROJECT CONSILIUM

CRITICAL PATH METHOD

Methodology used to analyze the

The initial project schedule agreed

EXTENSION OF TIME (EOT)

Formal request for additional time

CRITICAL PATH DELAY

A delays specifically occurs on the

When multiple delays affect the

A delay for which the contractor is

A delay for which the contractor is

The maximum amount of time a task

The amount of time a task can be

Allocation of ownership of total

A delay occurs when an activity is

A higher cost per man-hour of

A greater number of man-hours to

Mitigation in delays involves

Acceleration executed under

The contractor takes proactive

A special plan to regain lost time

Shortening project duration without

Lags simply delay a successor

LEAD OR NEGATIVE LAG

A negative lag, known as a lead, is

Constraints that prevent activities

Constraints that do not prevent

FORENSIC DELAY ANALYSIS

Detailed retrospective investigation

Reserved time or resources in the

A review on the Baseline to check

INVALID PROGRESS DATES

Activities with an invalid actual or

The original anticipated project

Additional costs incurred due to

Pre-determined financial penalties

Reserved time or resources within

SCL is a global organization that

ASSOCIATION FOR THE

AACE is a professional association

Scheduling logic that is not properly

A fragnet is a segment or fragment

A near-critical activity have total

Occurs when the progress on an

When out-of-sequence progress

Process of smoothing out resource

When no party is responsible for a

A schedule showing actual work

Process of determining the cause or

Forecasting the potential impact of

Involves examining past events and

A delay log that records all the

Report submitted on Project

DRAWING & DOCUMENT

An essential record for accurately

CHANGE ORDER LOG

Provids a detailed record of all

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