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    Lab 1 CMH2010L

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    pepute1999
    Lab Report

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    Lab 1 CMH2010L

    Uploaded by

    pepute1999
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    Lab Report

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Lab Report

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    0 views4 pages

    Lab 1 CMH2010L

    Uploaded by

    pepute1999
    Lab Report

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    LAB 1: MELTING POINT.

    BOILING POINT

    Observations

    - For melting point determination, after the sample started to melt, it then entirely melted to

    become a liquid quite fast. Thus, we should pay attention closely to the samples to read

    the correct temperature.

    - After doing the experiment, I learned that the samples need to be prepared carefully to

    avoid cross-contamination because it would affect the melting point and its range.

    - I found it interesting that the sample should be powdered instead of crystalline. Since the

    powdered can get equal heat and gives an accurate melting point.

    - When performing the duplicate trials of melting point and boiling point, we need to let

    the temperature cool down enough. Because if we did not wait, the sample would be

    heated too rapidly and went past the actual melting point.

    Data/Results

    Part 1: Melting Point

    Trial 1 (ºC) Trial 2 (ºC)

    Urea 128-138 132-138

    Benzoic Acid 120-125 119-124

    Unknown #1 78-80 80-84


    Part 2: Boiling Point

    Trial 1 (ºC) Trial 2 (ºC)

    Ethanol 80 93

    Unknown #12 120 128

    Calculations

    Part 1: Melting Point Range

    - Urea:

    Trial 1 :138 ºC−128ºC=10 ºC

    Trial 2 :138 ºC−132ºC=6 ºC

    - Benzoic Acid:

    Trial 1 :125 ºC−120ºC=5 ºC

    Trial 2 :124 ºC−119 ºC=5 ºC

    - Unknown #1:

    Trial 1 :80 ºC−78 ºC=2ºC

    Trial 2 :84 ºC−80 ºC=4 ºC

    Part 2: Boiling Point:

    - Ethanol:

    Trial 1+Trial 2 80 ºC+93 ºC


    = =86.5 ºC
    2 2

    - Unknown #12
    Trial 1+Trial 2 120ºC +128 ºC
    = =124 ºC
    2 2

    Discussion

    o Results: I found that urea melts at 128-138ºC, benzoic acid melts at 120-124ºC, unknown

    #1 melts at 78-80ºC, ethanol boils at 80ºC, and unknown #12 boils at 120ºC.

    o Result analysis: The temperatures I found for the melting point and boiling point make

    sense because they are similar to the theoretical value: urea melts at 132.7ºC, benzoic

    acid melts at 122.4ºC, and ethanol boils at 78.2ºC.

    o Error analysis: The temperature for ethanol trial 2 might be inaccurate since it was

    significantly higher than in trial 1. The possible reason is that I did not let the apparatus

    cool to enough 20 degrees below the boiling point.

    Post-Lab Questions

    Part 1: Melting Point:

    1.

    a) Because the crystalline sample can be heated unequally which leads to unequal

    melting. While the powdered one will get steady heat and not give the error in the

    determination of the melting point.

    b) By using a new capillary tube, there will be no cross-contamination which affects the

    purity of the compound and its melting point.

    c) If the sample is heated fast toward its melting point, it will give the wrong melting

    point.
    2. To identify the unknown, make a separate mixture of the unknown with the three known

    samples. Then determine the melting point of each mixture using the Mel-Temp

    apparatus. If the mixture gives the result of 94.5 degrees C, it is the correct pure

    unknown, While the other samples will melt at lower temperatures and have wider

    melting point ranges.

    3. Ice cream freezes at a lower temperature than ice. The reason is that ice cream contains

    sugar and other ingredients which reduces the freezing point of ice cream. It is also

    known as the freezing point depression.

    Part 2: Boiling Point:

    1. Because it helps to determine the accurate boiling point.

    2. 760mmHg is the vapor pressure of pure Benzene.

    3. Boiling point is defined as the temperature when its vapor pressure is equal to the

    atmospheric pressure. In the micro boiling point determination.

    References

    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1176

    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/243

    https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/702

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