Ict Week 3.1 1

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TEACHERS EDUCATION PROGRAM

BACHELOR OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION


______ YEAR

BASIC COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS WITH SOFTWARE


APPLICATION
ICT

STUDENT LEARNING MODULE 1 PRELIM-WEEK 3-4

Lesson 3: Number System

POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE OF BOTOLAN


Botolan, Zambales

NOTE: Do not write anything on this module. You may write your answers on the
separate sheet/s underneath of this Student Learning Module.

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Republic of the Philippines
POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE OF BOTOLAN
(Formerly Botolan Community College)
Botolan Zambales
E-mail: polytechniccollegeofbotolan@gmail.com
Website: pcbzambales.com
Contact Number 0949-155-3113

MODULE in ICT
Lesson 3-4
NUMBER SYSTEM

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES:


At the end of the lesson, students must be able to:
1. introduce the number system:
2. become acquainted with the number system conversion; and
3. identify the steps for converting the number system to different bases.

ABSTRACTION

Number System

In mathematics, a ‘number system’ is a set of numbers, together with one or more


operations, such as addition or multiplication.

Examples of number systems include: natural numbers, integers, rational


numbers, algebraic numbers, real numbers, complex numbers, p-adic numbers,
surreal numbers, and hyper real numbers.

Bit & Byte

Computer uses the binary system. Any physical system that can exist in two
distinct states (e.g., 0-1, on-off, hi-lo, yes-no, up-down, north-south, etc.) has the potential
of being used to represent numbers or characters.

A binary digit is called a bit. There are two possible states in a bit, usually
expressed as 0 and 1.

A series of eight bits strung together makes a byte, much as 12 makes a dozen.

With 8 bits, or 8 binary digits, there exist 28=256 possible combinations. The
following table shows some of these combinations. (The number enclosed in parentheses
represents the decimal equivalent.)

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You may regard each digit as a box that can hold a number. In the binary system,
there can be only two choices for this number — either a “0” or 1”.

In the octal system, there can be eight possibilities: “0”,“1”, “2”, “3”, “4”, “5”, “6”, “7”.

In the decimal system, there are ten different numbers that can enter the digit: box: “0”,
“1”, “2”, “3”, “4”, 45” “6”, “7”, “8”, “9”.

In the hexadecimal system, we allow 16 numbers: “0”, “1”, “2”, “3”, “4”, “5”,“6”, “7”, “8”,
“9” “A”, “B”, “C”, “D”, “E”, and “F”.

BASE 2 BASE 10 BASE 8 BASE 16


BINARY DECIMAL OCTAL HEXADECIMAL
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8
9 9
A
B
C
D
E
F

Note: A= 10, B= 11, C=12, D=13, E=14, F15

Binary Number System

The binary number system or base =2 number system represents numeric values
using two symbols, 0 and 1. More specifically, the usual base-2 system is a positional
notation with a radix of 2. Owing to its straightforward implementation in digital electronic
circuitry using logic gates, the binary system is used internally by all modern computers.

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Conversion of Number System

Binary Decimal Octal Hexadecimal


Binary to Decimal Decimal to Binary Octal to Binary Hexadecimal to Binary
Binary to Octal Decimal to Octal Octal to Decimal Hexadecimal to Decimal
Binary to Hexadecimal Decimal to Hexadecimal Octal to Hexadecimal Hexadecimal to Octal

Conversion of Binary to any Number System

A. Base 2 to Base 10
Examples:

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Quiz/Activity:
Note: Number System to Decimal
a) Multiply the leftmost digit by the base number n then add the next digit to the
product.
b) Multiply the sum of rule the base n and then add again the next digit to the
product.
c) If the right most digit is already added, the operation will automatically stop
and the resulting sum in the actual decimal equivalent.

B. Base 2 to Base 8
Example:

34

C. Base 2 to Base 16
Example:

Note: To convert binary to Octal, group the given digits by 3


Ex. 0/011/100 together with its power of 2 421 which is if added has a sum of 7
(base 8 Octal)

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Decimal System

• The decimal (Base ten/10) number system, used in mathematics for writing
numbers and performing arithmetic.
• The Dewey Decimal System, a subject classification system used in libraries.
• The Decimal currency system, where each unit of currency can be divided into
100 sub-units.

Conversion of Decimal to any Number System

A. Base 10 to Base 2
Examples:

4418

Note: In converting decimal to binary every remainder that is greater than zero is
considered one since binary only accepts two values which is 0 and 1.

Rules:
1. Divide the given number by the base n until the quotient is no longer
divisible.
2. Generate the achieved remainders from bottom to top and the last quotient
will be generated as the leftmost digit.

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B. Base 10 to Base 8
Examples:

C. Base 10 to Base 16
Examples:
1B916

Note: In Decimal conversion always divided the number to the base (n) in which it
is to be converted, stop when you reach 0 as your quotient and read remainder
upward.

Conversion of Octal to any Number System

A. Base 8 to Base 2
Examples:

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B. Base 8 to Base 10
Examples:

Note: Octal to Binary


1. Begin the binary point (rightmost digit) and black off groups of three binary
digits.
2. Replace each group of three binary digits with equivalent octal digit. The digit
will arrange from 0-7

C. Base 8 to Base 16
Examples:

Note: In Octal conversion, the values are always into 3 groups and after getting the
equivalent value read the value upward.

Binary to Hexadecimal
a. Begin at the binary point (rightmost digit) and black off groups of four binary
digits.
b. Replace each group of three binary with its equivalent hexadecimal digit arrange
from 0-15.
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Conversion of Hexadecimal to any Number System

A. Base 16 to Base 2
Examples:

B. Base 16 to Base 10
Examples:

Note: From Octal to Hexadecimal to Binary

Replace each octal digit with equivalent three binary digit each hexadecimal
with the equivalent four binary digit.

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C. Base 16 to Base 8
Examples:

Note: In converting Hexadecimal to Octal get first the binary value, then group into 3
digits each group.

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APPLICATION:
Perform the following conversion.

1. 1100112 - ________10, ___________8, ________________16

2. 34510 - ________2, ___________8, _________________16

3. 7678 - ________10, ___________2, _________________16

4. 987716 - ________10, ___________8, _________________2

Reference

Computer Fundamentals
Mary A. Soriano
Jonathan M. Caballero
2010

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