BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 01

I. Answer the following questions and mark the correct answers with an (X) in the table below.
(max. 15 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
а)
b)
c)
d)
1. Phages are parasitic viruses in: 9. Nitrogen bases in DNA are:
а) plants а) adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
b) bacteria b) adenine, thymine, uracil, guanine
c) fungi c) adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
d) animals d) guanine, uracil, cytosine, thymine
2. The highest arterial blood pressure is 10. The cell nucleus:
registered in: а) is the smallest organelle
а) pulmonary arteries b) contains DNA
b) the aorta c) contains lysosomes
c) the upper vena cava d) is a nonmembraneous organelle
d) the lower vena cava 11. Albinism is a defect in the synthesis of:
3. Trypsin degrades: а) hemoglobin
а) fats to fatty acids and glycerol b) melanin
b) carbohydrates to glucose c) keratin
c) proteins to amino acids d) fibrin
d) proteins to nucleotides 12. Mammals excrete sperm cells only during
4. The prostate is: the process of:
а) a muscle а) fertilization
b) a gland b) erection
c) producing oocytes c) spermatogenesis
d) producing ATP d) ejaculation
5. Vocal cords are located in the: 13. During meiosis the number of chromosomes
а) pharynx is:
b) trachea а) reduced
c) bronchi b) duplicated
d) larynx c) fused
6. The systemic circulation starts from the: d) degraded
а) right ventricle 14. Double membrane organelles are:
b) left ventricle а) plastids
c) left atrium b) flagella
d) right atrium c) peroxisomes
7. The basic structural and functional unit of d) mitotic spindles
the kidney is: 15. Replication is the synthesis of:
a) urethra а) glycogen
b) nephron b) DNA
c) bile c) proteins
d) urinary bladder d) ribosomes
8. Polypeptide chains are:
а) linear and branched
b) circular
c) linear and unbranched
d) circular and unbranched

1
IІ. Which of the following statements are correct? Mark them with an (X) in the table below.
(max. 5 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1. The tympanic cavity is connected to the throat via the Eustachian tube.
2. Accommodation is a process of adaptation of the eye to color perception.
3. The pancreas is a gland with both external and internal secretion.
4. The epidermis is rich in blood vessels.
5. The nephron participates in filtration, reabsorption and secretion.
6. Amylase is a stomach enzyme that degrades proteins.
7. The basic muscles participating in respiration are the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.
8. Blood transfusion could be performed with any blood type available.
9. Phagocytosis is the transport of droplets inside the cell.
10. Proteins are dissolved in alcohol to form colloidal solutions.
11. Peroxisomes and ribosomes are DNA containing organelles.
12. The nucleus is divided from the cytoplasm via a double membrane.

ІІІ. Give a short definition for the following terms: (max. 8 points)
1. Hemoglobin................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................

2. Virоid...........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................

3. Fertilization..........................................…....................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................

4. Larynx .........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................

ІV. A. Label the parts on the figure. (max. 4 points)

1. .................................................................
2. .................................................................
3. .................................................................
B. What type of organs (regarding their
function) are the ones presented?
.....................................................................

2
V. Fill in the table: (max. 8 points)
Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
Nucleus

Genetic material -
description

Examples

VІ. Read the text and answer the questions. (max. 10 points)

The vertebral column consists of 26 vertebrae. It is divided into cervical, thoracic, shoulder and sacral
regions. A vertebra has a body, an arc and processes. A joint is formed between the body and the arc. The
first and the last vertebrae differ in structure and type of joining.

1. There are 4 false words in the text. Write them in the table and provide their true counterparts.
False True
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

2. What is the name of the first vertebra? ...........................................................................

3. The sternum (breastbone) is a part of which structure? .................................................

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. The urinary bladder – structure and function

2. Lysosomes – structure and function

3
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 01

I. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 15 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
а) X X
b) X X X X X X X X
c) X X X
d) X X

II. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 5 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X X X X X

III. Two points are given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

IV. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 4 points)
1. thyroid gland
2. suprarenal glands
3. pancreatic gland
B. Glands/glandular organs

V. One to two points are given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell

Nucleus Missing Has a nucleus
Genetic material - Nucleoid – large circular DNA Nucleus with double membrane
description molecule and small circular DNA containing a complex of DNA and
molecules – plasmids proteins – chromatin
Examples Bacteria Plant and animal cells

VІ. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 10 points)
False True
1. 26 vertebrae 1. 24 vertebrae
2. shoulder 2. lumbar
3. joint 3. opening
4. last 4. second
2. What is the name of the first vertebra? ATLAS
3. The sternum (breastbone) is part of which structure? RIB CAGE

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. The urinary bladder – structure and function

2. Lysosomes – structure and function
4
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 02

I. Answer the following questions and mark the correct answers with an (X) in the table below.
(max.15 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
a)
b)
c)
d)

1. Kidneys are surrounded by: 9. Progesterone is secreted from the:

a) connective tissue a) mature follicles
b) adipose tissue b) corpus luteum
c) muscular tissue c) pituitary gland
d) epithelial tissue d) exocrine glands
2. Which nitrogen base is not found in DNA? 10. Polar bodies are formed in the course of:
a) guanine a) sporulation
b) thymine b) spermatogenesis
c) uracil c) oogenesis
d) cytosine d) implantation
3. The midbrain is involved in: 11. Pepsin is produced by the:
a) vision and hearing a) pancreas
b) cardiovascular activity b) liver
c) sense of smell and taste c) adrenal gland
d) breathing d) stomach mucosa
4. Prions are: 12. The vein, which enters the liver, is called:
a) eukaryotic cells a) liver vein
b) infectious particles b) portal vein
c) inferior vena cava
c) lipids
d) upper vena cava
d) bacteria 13. Duplication is:
5. The final urine does not contain: a) an intrachromosomal aberration
a) water and salts b) an interchromosomal aberration
b) uric acid c) a type of polyploidy
c) urea and uric acid d) a type of aneuploidy
d) amino acids and glucose 14. The true organ of hearing is the:
6. RNA is: a) stirrup
a) double stranded
b) Eustachian tube
b) found in the nucleus
c) found in mitochondria c) organ of Corti
d) single stranded d) cochlea
7. Which cells have the largest nucleus? 15. The polysome is a complex of ribosomes
a) phagocytes and:
b) leukocytes a) tRNA
c) monocytes b) mRNA
d) erythrocytes c) DNA
8. The peptide bond is: d) lipids
a) covalent
b) hydrogen
c) ionic
d) van der Waals

5
II. Which of the following statements are correct? Mark them with an (X) in the table below.

(max. 5 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1. The bile activates the enzyme amylase which breaks down carbohydrates
2. The second heart sound is systolic.
3. The first cervical vertebra is called atlas and connects the spine to the skull.
4. The sclera of the eyeball has a feeding function.
5. The sweat glands are situated within the muscular tissue.
6. The epiphysis secretes the hormone melatonin.
7. The ribs are flat bones.
8. Amino acids are connected in polynucleotide chains.
9. Red blood cells perform phagocytosis.
10. Translation takes place in ribosomes.
11. Insulin is produced by the suprarenal glands.
12. The most characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells is the lack of nucleus.

III. Give a short definition for the following terms: (max. 8 points)
Ureter ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

...…………………..…………………………………………………………………………………

Virion………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….

RNA………………………………………………………………………………………………….

.……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Meiosis……………………………………………………………………………………………….

..………………………………………………………………………………………………………

.IV. Label the parts of the brain. (max. 4 points)

1. Parietal lobe
2. Temporal lobe
3. Occipital lobe
4. Frontal lobe

6
V. Fill in the table: (max. 8 points)

Transcription Translation
Template

Building blocks

Main enzyme
End product

VІ. Read the text and answer the questions. (max. 10 points)

Disease agents consisting of only “naked” RNA are known as viruses. They contain double
stranded RNA molecules. They invade animal cells only. Prions are infectious particles that
contain only DNA molecules.

1. There are 4 false words in the text. Write them in the table and provide their true
counterparts.
False True
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

2. What type of cells are mostly invaded by prions? ……………………………………….

3. Which virus affects human T helper lymphocytes? ……………………………………...

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. The thyroid gland – structure and function

2. Common (universal) membrane-bound organelles – structure, types

7
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 02

I. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 15 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
a) X X X
b) X X X X X
c) X X X X
d) X X X

II. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 5 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X X X X X

III. Two points are given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

IV. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 4 points)

V. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

Transcription Translation
Template DNA mRNA

Building blocks ribonucleotides amino acids

Main enzyme RNA polymerase Peptidyl-transferase

End product RNA protein

8
VІ. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 10 points)

1.
False True
1. viruses 1. viroids
2. double stranded 2. single stranded
3. animal 3. plant
4. DNA 4. protein
2. What type of cells are mostly invaded by prions? BRAIN CELLS
3. Which virus affects human T helper lymphocytes? HIV

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. The thyroid gland – structure and functions

2. Common (universal) membrane-bound organelles

9
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 03
I. Answer the following questions and mark the correct answers with an (X) in the table
below. (max. 15 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
а)
b)
c)
d)

1. The eye lens is: 9. Ribosomes:

а) transparent and fluid а) participate in protein synthesis
b) is double convex b) are single membrane organelles
c) is double concave c) participate in lipid synthesis
d) nontransparent and fluid d) are double membrane organelles
2. The red blood cells are called: 10. The main function of the Golgi complex is:
а) thrombocytes а) protein synthesis
b) erythrocytes b) lipid synthesis
c) phagocytes c) formation of lysosomes
d) leukocytes d) formation of ribosomes
3. The epidermis is: 11. The chromatin is a:
а) the outer skin layer а) complex of proteins
b) rich in glandular tissue b) bacterial chromosome
c) highly vascularized c) complex of proteins and DNA
d) is composed of dead cells only d) structure in prokaryotic cells
4. The excretory organ is the: 12. Meiosis is typical of:
а) kidney а) liver cells
b) nephron b) somatic cells
c) Malpighian body c) germ cells
d) pelvis d) blood cells
5. The myocardial contraction is known as: 13. During metaphase chromosomes:
а) systole а) are aligned along the equator of the cell
b) diastole b) are decondensed
c) pause c) move to opposite poles of the cell
d) pulse d) are composed of one chromatid
6. Which of the following is a facial bone? 14. The bonds between amino acids residues
а) frontal bone in the polypeptide chain are:
b) ethmoid bone а) peptide
c) mandible b) phosphodiester
d) occipital bone c) hydrogen
7. The triceps of the lower limb: d) glycosylic
а) flexes the ankle 15. Transcription is a process of:
b) flexes the elbow а) DNA synthesis
c) extends the elbow b) protein synthesis
d) extends the hip c) cell division
8. The duodenum is the: d) RNA synthesis
а) initial part of the large intestine
b) final part of the large intestine
c) final part of the small intestine
d) initial part of the small intestine

10
IІ. Which of the following statements are correct? Mark them with an (X) in the table below.
(max. 5 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1. Amino acids recognize directly their corresponding codons on mRNA.

2. The human body is built by three basic tissue types.
3. The viral capsid is a protein structure.
4. Cell nucleus could function independently of the cytoplasm.
5. The hypofunction of the pancreas results in diabetes mellitus.
6. Prions are multicellular organisms causing mad cow disease.
7. Proteins are produced in lysosomes.
8. Bones are the active part of the locomotive system.
9. The pupil is situated in the central part of the iris.
10. The pituitary gland is located in the cavity of the skull.
11. The rib cage belongs to the bones of the trunk
12. Melanin is produced by the kidney.

ІІІ. Give a short definition for the following terms: (max. 8 points)
1.Mitosis...............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

2. Systemic circulation.........................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

3.Menstruation........................................….........................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

4.Sensory nerves ................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

ІV. Label the figure. (max. 4 points)

1. ................................................................
2. ................................................................
3. ................................................................
4. .................................................................

11
V. Fill in the table: (max. 8 points)

DNA RNA
Pentose
Nitrogen bases
Cellular localization

Structure

VІ. Read the text and answer the questions. (max. 10 points)
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart. They have small diameter and elastic walls.
They branch into narrower vessels called venules which branch further to capillaries. The blood is
pumped out of the heart under pressure into the aorta and the cardiac artery.

1. There are 4 false words in the text. Write them in the table and provide their true
counterparts.

False True
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

2. From which blood vessel does the systemic circulation start? …………………….
3. What is the term for the cardiac relaxation? ……………………………...

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. Sweat glands – structure and function

2. Types of RNA – structure and functions

12
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 03

I. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 15 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
а) X X X X X X X
b) X X
c) X X X X
d) X X

II. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 5 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X X X X X

III. Two points are given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

IV. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 4 points)

1. liver
2. pancreas
3. duodenum
4. stomach

V. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

DNA RNA
Pentose deoxyribose ribose
Nitrogen bases A, G, C, T A, G, C, U
Cellular In the nucleus /mitochondria, In the cytoplasm
localization plastids
Structure double stranded single stranded

VІ. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 10 points)
False True
1. to the heart 1. out of the heart
2. small 2. large
3. venules 3. arterioles
4. cardiac 4. pulmonary

13
 2. From which blood vessel does the systemic circulation start? AORTA
3. What is the term for the cardiac relaxation? DIASTOLE

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. Sweat glands – structure and function

2. Types of RNA – structure and functions

14
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 04

I. Answer the following questions and mark the correct answers with an (X) in the table
below. (max. 15 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
а)
b)
c)
d)

1. The ear ossicles are located in the: 9. Which events take place in prophase?
а) middle ear а) the nuclear volume decreases
b) external ear b) the chromatin is coiled into chromosomes
c) inner ear c) chromosomes are situated in cell poles
d) anterior ear d) chromosomes are paired
2. The ovaries produce: 10. Translation is a process of:
а) testosterone а) DNA synthesis
b) cortisone b) RNA synthesis
c) progesterone c) protein synthesis
d) growth hormone d) nucleotide synthesis
3. The upper epidermal layer consists of: 11. No nucleus is present in:
а) live nucleated cells a) neutrophils
b) dead nucleated cells b) eosinophils
c) live non nucleated cells c) erythrocytes
d) dead non nucleated cells d) leukocytes
4. A person from blood group AB has: 12. Starch is a food reserve in the cells of:
а) A antigens а) plants
b) A and B antigens b) animals
c) B antigens c) bacteria
d) no antigens d) fungi
5. The temporal bones are part of the: 13. The intracellular digestion is performed by:
а) rib cage a) peroxisomes
b) trunk b) plastids
c) limbs c) mitochondria
d) cranium d) lysosomes
6. The sphincter is a: 14. The extracellular form of the virus is known as:
а) muscle а) viroid
b) bone b) prion
c) ligament c) virion
d) gland d) capsid
7. Hormones are secreted in the: 15. Duplication is:
a) blood a) an intrachromosomal aberration
b) muscles b) a type of polyploidy
c) saliva c) an interchromosomal aberration
d) sweat d) a type of aneuploidy
8. The floating ribs are:
а) pairs 8, 9 and 10
b) the first two pairs
c) pairs 7, 8 and 9
d) the last two pairs
15
IІ. Which of the following statements are correct? Mark them with an (X) in the table below.
(max. 5 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1. Amino acids recognize their corresponding codons on mRNA via tRNAs.

2. The bones of the trunk make up the vertebral column and the rib cage.
3. The viral capsid is a lipid structure.
4. Ribosomes are situated in the nucleus.
5. The iris is situated behind the sclera and contains pigments.
6. The codon is a triplet located within a molecule of tRNA.
7. The vestibular system is responsible for the body temperature.
8. Muscles are the active part of the locomotive system.
9. The central nervous system includes the spinal cord and the pituitary gland.
10.The suprarenal glands are located in the cavity of the skull.
11.The systemic circulation starts with the capillaries.
12.The Malpighian bodies are situated in the kidney.

ІІІ. Give a short definition for the following terms: (max. 8 points)
1.Phagocytosis........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

2.Peripheral nervous system .................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

3.Gametogenesis....................................….............................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

4.DNA....................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

ІV. Label the figure with the corresponding (max. 6 points)

1. pyramid
2. artery
3. cortex
4. vein
5. pelvis
6. ureter

16
 V. Fill in the table: (max. 6 points)

Interphase Metaphase
Mitotic spindle
Appearance (structure)
of chromosomes
Cellular localization of
chromosomes

VІ. Read the text and answer the questions. (max. 10 points)
These bacteria have a lot of membrane lamellae – thylakoids. They contain the pigment chlorophyll
which helps the cell to emit light and to obtain inorganic substances. They are most widely spread
in soil and in polluted air. They use electric energy for their vital processes.

1. There are 4 false words in the text. Write them in the table and provide their true
counterparts.
False True
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

2. Which are these bacteria ?……………………………….

3. What process do they perform? ………………………………………...

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. Thrombocytes – structure and function

2. Functions of proteins

17
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 04

I. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 15 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
а) X X X X X
b) X X
c) X X X X
d) X X X X

II. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 5 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X X X X X

III. Two points are given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

IV. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 6 points)

V. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 6 points)

Interphase Metaphase
Mitotic spindle Not present Present
Appearance (structure) of Decondensed and uncoiled Highly condensed and
chromosomes supercoiled
Cellular localization of Irregularly scattered Aligned in the equator of the
chromosomes spindle

18
VІ. Read the text and answer the questions. (max. 10 points)
False True
1. emit 1. absorb
2. inorganic 2. organic
3. air 3. water
4. electric 4. solar

2. Which are these bacteria? CYANOBACTERIA

3. What process do they perform? PHOTOSYNTHESIS

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. Thrombocytes – structure and function

2. Functions of proteins

19
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 05

I. Answer the following questions and mark the correct answers with an (X) in the table
below. (max. 15 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
а)
b)
c)
d)

1. The retina contains: 9. The monomers of proteins are:

а) pigments а) amino acids
b) sclera b) nucleotides
c) photoreceptors c) nitrogen bases
d) hormones d) monosaccharides
2. The trachea is built up of: 10. The main function of the Golgi complex is:
а) smooth muscles а) protein synthesis
b) ring vessels b) lipid synthesis
c) cartilage semirings c) formation of lysosomes
d) cartilage rings d) formation of ribosomes
3. Insulin is produced by the: 11. Globular proteins:
а) thyroid gland a) are soluble in water
b) suprarenal gland b) result from primary structure
c) liver c) result from tertiary structure
d) pancreas d) are positively charged
4. The cardiac contraction is known as: 12. Bacteria are:
а) pulse а) organelles
b) systole b) prokaryotic cells
c) diastole c) eukaryotic cells
d) pause d) circular chromosomes
5. The parietal bones are part of the: 13. A person with blood group A has on his
а) limbs erythrocytes:
b) trunk a) antigens A and B
c) sternum b) antigen B
d) cranium c) no antigens
6. What is produced during replication? d) antigen A
а) DNA 14. The vein, which enters the liver is called:
b) tRNA a) liver vein
c) mRNA b) inferior vena cava
d) protein c) portal vein
7. Phages are: d) upper vena cava
a) viruses 15. During metaphase chromosomes:
b) bacteria а) move to opposite poles of the cell
c) prions b) are decondensed
d) plants c) are aligned along the equator of the cell
8. Secretions are produced by: d) are composed of one chromatid
а) smooth muscles
b) connective tissue
c) surface epithelium
d) glandular epithelium
20
IІ. Which of the following statements are correct? Mark them with an (X) in the table below.
(max. 5 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1. Chromatin is composed of amino acids and chloroplasts.

2. Adrenalin is produced by the suprarenal glands.
3. The bacterial wall is a lipid structure.
4. Mitochondria and plastids contain DNA.
5. The sclera is a pigmented layer of the eye ball.
6. The skeletal muscles have a body and a tendon.
7. Proteins are produced as a result of transcription.
8. Cilia and flagella are built up of microtubules.
9. The gene is a portion of DNA responsible for the synthesis of either an RNA or a protein
molecule.
10. Hairs and nails are structures of the connective tissue.
11. The interphase is characterized by coiling of chromatin fibers.
12. tRNA transports ribosomes to the nucleus.

ІІІ. Give a short definition for the following terms: (max. 8 points)
1.Translation.........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

2.Codon................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

3.Chromosome......................................…...........................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

4.Denaturation......................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

ІV. Fill in the table: (max. 6 points)

Mitosis Meiosis
Is typical of which cells?
Genetic characteristics of
the new cells
Duration, number of
phases

21
V. A. Label the figure. Which joints and bones are shown? (max. 6 points)

1. ...........................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4. ...........................................................

B. What types of bones depending on their

structure are presented on the figure?
5………………………………………
6………………………………………..

VІ. Read the text and answer the questions. (max. 10 points)

Sex glands produce gametes and sex enzymes. The male reproductive organs include sperm ducts,
seminal vacuoles and the prostate gland. The female organs are oval glands, uterus and vagina. The
process of fertilization of the egg and sperm takes place in the uterus.

1. There are 4 false words in the text. Write them in the table and provide their true counterparts.

False True
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

2. Which process ends with the release of the mature egg?……………………………….

3. Which process occurs if the egg is not fertilized? ………………………………………...

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. The epidermis and dermis – structure and function

2. Secondary structure of proteins

22
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 05

I. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 15 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
а) X X X
b) X X
c) X X X X X X
d) X X X X

II. One point is given for each correct (max. 5 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X X X X X

III. Two points are given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

IV. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 6 points)

Mitosis Meiosis
Is typical of which cells? Somatic cells Germ cells
Genetic characteristics of Identical to the parental cells Different from the parental
the new cells cells
Duration, number of Shorter, 4 phases Longer, 2 subsequent
phases miotic divisions

V. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 6 points)

A. B.
1. Shoulder joint 5. Flat bones
2. Elbow joint 6. Long/short bones
3. Wrist joint
4. Scapula/Shoulder blade

23
VІ. Read the text and answer the questions. (max. 10 points)

False True
1. enzymes 1. hormones
2. vacuoles 2. vesicles
3. oval 3. ovarian
4. uterus 4. oviducts

2. Which process ends with the release of the mature еgg? OVULATION
3. Which process occurs if the egg is not fertilized? MENSTRUATION

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. The epidermis and dermis – structure and function

2. Secondary structure of proteins

24
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 06

I. Answer the following questions and mark the correct answers with an (X) in the table
below. (max. 15 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
а)
b)
c)
d)
1. The plasmid is: 9. Which function is not typical of proteins?
а) infectious particle а) transport
b) cytoplasmic organelle b) protective
c) nuclear part c) catalytic
d) circular DNA molecule d) coding
2. The flow of genetic information runs in the 10. Amylase dissociates:
following direction: а) proteins to peptides
а) DNA – RNA - Protein b) starch to glucose
b) RNA – Protein - DNA c) proteins to amino acids
c) Protein – RNA - DNA d) starch to amylose
d) RNA – DNA - Protein 11. Progesterone is secreted from the:
3. At the end of the first meiotic division each a) mature follicles
chromosome consists of: b) corpus luteum
а) two chromatids c) pituitary gland
b) one DNA molecule d) exocrine glands
c) four chromatids 12. Which is the outermost layer of the heart?
d) four DNA molecules а) myocardium
4. Urine production takes place in the: b) pericardium
а) urinary bladder c) epicardium
b) nephron d) endocardium
c) ureter 13. A person with blood group type B has:
d) urethra а) anti-B antibodies
5. Energy is provided in the cell by: b) B antigens
а) anabolic processes c) A and B antigens
b) catabolic processes d) no antibodies
c) carboxylation 14. Double membrane organelles are:
d) translation а) plastids
6. Mineralocorticoids are produced in the: b) flagella
а) cortex of the pituitary gland c) peroxisomes
b) medulla of the thymus d) mitotic spindles
c) cortex of the pancreas 15. The cell membrane is built up of:
d) cortex of suprarenal glands а) lipids and carbohydrates
7. Ribosomes are found in: b) proteins and salts
а) smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) proteins and carbohydrates
b) endosomes d) lipids and proteins
c) rough endoplasmic reticulum
d) exosomes
8. The zygote is:
а) a diploid cell
b) a haploid cell
c) formed in the uterus
d) formed in the vagina
25
IІ. Which of the following statements are correct? Mark them with an (X) in the table below.
(max. 5 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1. Fibrinogen plays a major role in blood clotting.

2. Lipids are dissolved in organic solutions.
3. There are 14 pairs of ribs in the human body.
4. Smooth muscle cells are oval in shape.
5. The nephron is part of the digestive system.
6. The acrosome contains enzymes facilitating fertilization.
7. Bacteria are eukaryotic cells.
8. Hairs and nails are connective tissue structures.
9. Phagocytosis is the transport of particles outside the cell.
10. Chromatin condensation starts in the prophase of cell division.
11. Bones may be long, short and fat.
12. The pleura covers the outer side of the lungs.

ІІІ. Give a short definition for the following terms: (max. 8 points)
1.Pulse …………………………...........................................................................................................

………………………………………………………………………………………………................

2.Ovulation….........................................................................................................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3.Alveolus...……………………………………………………………………………………………

.…………........................................…...................................................................................................

4.Chromatin……………………………………………………………………………………………

................................................................................................................................................................

ІV. Fill in the table: (max. 8 points)

Translation Transcription
Template

Building blocks

Main enzyme

End product

26
V. Label the parts on the figure. (max. 4 points)

Label the types of vertebrae shown

………………………………………..

………………………………………..

………………………………………..

………………………………………..

VІ. Read the text and answer the questions. (max. 10 points)
The digestive system in humans is closed. Its major organs are the oral cavity, the pharynx, the
stomach and the intestines. The saliva causes the mechanical digestion of food. The tongue is an
epithelial organ that moves voluntarily. It forms and moves the bolus and participates in speaking.
The tasting of food is due to receptors in the oesophagus.

1. There are 4 false words in the text. Write them in the table and provide their true counterparts.
False True
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

2. Which are the most important organs for mechanical digestion of the food? ..............................
3. Which process moves the food down along the intestines? .........................................................

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. Pancreatic gland – structure and function

2. Structure of viruses
27
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 06

I. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 15 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
а) X X X X
b) X X X X X
c) X X
d) X X X X

II. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 5 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X X X X X

III. Two points are given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

IV. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)
Translation Transcription
Template mRNA DNA

Building blocks Amino acids Ribonucleotides

Main enzyme Peptidyl transferase RNA polymerase

End product Protein RNA

V. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 4 points)

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
coccyx

VІ. Read the text and answer the questions. ... (max. 10 points)
False True
1. closed 1. open
2. mechanical 2. chemical
3. epithelial 3. muscular
4. oesophagus 4. tongue
2. Which are the most important organs for mechanical digestion of the food? TEETH
3. Which process moves the food down along the intestines? PERISTALSIS

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. Pancreatic gland – structure and function
2. Structure of viruses

28
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 07
I. Answer the following questions and mark the correct answers with an (X) in the table
below. (max. 15 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
a)
b)
c)
d)
1. The striated muscle tissue forms: b) cochlea
a) the brain c) Eustachian tube
b) the skeletal muscles d) external ear
c) the heart wall 9. The process of RNA synthesis is:
d) the bladder a) replication
2. Blood is a type of: b) translation
a) epithelial tissue c) transcription
b) muscle tissue d) duplication
c) connective tissue 10. Crossing-over is performed during:
d) nervous tissue a) anaphase I
3. The last part of the large intestine is b) telophase I
called: c) metaphase I
a) rectum d) prophase I
b) duodenum 11. The centriole participates in:
c) ventricle a) transcription
d) appendix b) cell division
4. The basic structural and functional unit of c) cell differentiation
the kidney is: d) translation
a) urethra 12. Non-membrane organelles are:
b) bile a) ribosomes
c) urinary bladder b) vacuoles
d) nephron c) mitochondria
5. The hormone produced by the testes is: d) chloroplasts
a) testosterone 13. Prions are:
b) oestrogen a) infectious particles
c) thyroxin b) eukaryotic cells
d) oxytocin c) lipids
6. The substantia nigra is located in the: d) bacteria
a) pons 14. Antigens are:
b) cerebellum a) foreign molecules
c) mesencephalon b) immune cells
d) diencephalon c) phagocytes
7. The photoreceptors responsible for white d) body fluids
and dark vision are: 15. The polysome is a complex of
a) rods ribosomes and:
b) cones a) tRNA
c) iris b) DNA
d) sclera c) mRNA
8. The organ of Corti is situated in the: d) lipids
a) middle ear

29
II. Which of the following statements are correct? Mark them with an (X) in the table
below. (max. 5 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1. The skeletal muscles have a body and tendons.

2. Bones are light, solid and fragile.
3. Neurons transmit information, initiated by different stimuli.
4. There are no antibodies against the Rh factor in human blood plasma.
5. The cerebellum is situated above the occipital parts of the cerebrum.
6. Efferent nerve bundles transmit nerve impulses from the brain to the skeletal muscles.
7. The viral particle, when out of the cell, is called prion.
8. A major role in secretion is played by the centrioles.
9. The chromatin consists of DNA and proteins.
10. Telophase is followed by anaphase.
11. The cell mechanism that controls the reduction of chromosomes is called mitosis.
12. The process, in which the DNA of the cell is doubled, is called translation.

III. Give a short definition for the following terms:

(max. 8 points)
1. Transcription………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Karyotype………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Homeostasis……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Grey matter……………………………………………………………….....................

………………………………………………………………………………………….

IV. Fill in the table: (max. 8 points)

Blood groups Antigens on erythrocyte Antibodies in blood

membranes plasma
A
B
AB
0

30
V. A. Label the parts on the figure and answer the question. (max. 4 points)

1. tail
2. capsid (head)
3. collar

B. What is presented?............................................

VI. Read the text and answer the question. (max. 10 points)

Proteins are composed of 30 different types of amino acids. Therefore, proteins are
heteropolymers. The covalent bond, formed between amino acids, is called phosphodiester
bond. Polypeptide chains are straight and branched. The folding of the polypeptide chain into
a uniform spiral or into a beta sheet shape is recognized as the tertiary structure of proteins.

1. There are 4 false words in the text. Write them in the table and provide their true
counterparts.
False True
1. 1.
2 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

2. Which structure determines the properties and the biological functions of proteins?

…………………………………………………………………………………….
VII. Describe and explain:
(max. 20 points)
1. The sex glands – types, hormones, localization
2. Mitochondria – structure and function

31
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 07

I. One point is given for each correct answer.

(max. 15 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
a) X X X X X X
b) X X X
c) X X X X
d) X X

II. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 5 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X X X X X

III. Two points are given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

IV. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

Blood groups Antigens on erythrocyte Antibodies in blood

membranes plasma
A A β
B B α
AB AB -
0 - α, β

V. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 4 points)

B. phage

32
VI. One point is given for each correct answer and two points for the question.
(max. 10 points)

False True
1. 30 1. 20
2. phosphodiester 2. peptide
3. branched 3. unbranched
4. tertiary 4. secondary

2. Which structure determines the properties and the biological functions of proteins?
PRIMARY STRUCTURE

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. The sex glands – types, hormones, localization

2. Mitochondria – structure and function

33
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 08

I. Answer the following questions and mark the correct answers with an (X) in the table
below. (max. 15 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
a)
b)
c)
d)
1. The nervous tissue forms the: d) lipids
a) brain and the spinal cord 9. In which phase chromosomes are
b) heart wall aligned in the equator?
c) bones a) anaphase
d) glands b) prophase
2. A person from blood group O has: c) metaphase
a) A antigens d) telophase
b) B antigens 10. DNA polymerase participates in:
c) A and B antigens a) osmosis
d) no antigens b) replication
3. Blood moves in one direction due to the: c) translation
a) trachea d) diffusion
b) nerve impulses 11.How many chromosomes are there in
c) cardiac valves the human karyotype?
d) arteries a) 40
4. The enzyme trypsin breaks down: b) 23
a) lipids c) 45
b) proteins d) 46
c) carbohydrates 12. Chromatids are connected by a:
d) nucleic acids a) centromere
5. Urine filtration happens in the: b) telomere
a) urethra c) kinetochore
b) Malpighian body d) centriole
c) liver 13. Lysosomes are involved in:
d) large intestine a) division
6. The gas exchange takes place in the: b) movement
a) trachea c) digestion
b) nasal cavity d) secretion
c) alveoli 14. The portion of DNA responsible for a
d) vocal gap polypeptide chain is called:
7. Thyroxin is secreted by the: a) gene
a) pituitary gland b) karyotype
b) thyroid gland c) chromatin
c) testes d) virion
d) ovary 15. Amino acids are bound by:
8. Translation is the synthesis of: a) non-covalent bond
a) proteins b) peptide bonds
b) DNA c) phosphodiester
c) RNA d) N-glycosidic bond
34
II. Which of the following statements are correct? Mark them with an (X) in the table
below. (max. 5 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1. The sensory organ is made up of various receptor neurons.

2. The white matter consists of the neuron bodies.
3. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
4. Urine production takes place in the ureters.
5. Mineralocorticoids regulate metabolism of mineral salts.
6. The larynx is the upper, wider part of the trachea.
7. Pancreatic juice is produced by the liver.
8. The process of recording DNA in RNA is called translation.
9. The tertiary structure of proteins is presented by the spiral or the beta sheet shape.
10. HIV is an RNA virus.
11. Cell organelles are embedded in a liquid medium called nucleoid.
12. The prostate is a muscle.

III. Give a short definition for the following terms:

(max. 8 points)
1.Ribosome…………………………….………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Cones……………………………………………..…………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3.Replication……………………………………………………………………………………….…

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Prion…...……………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

IV. Fill in the table: (max. 8 points)

Nucleic acids Proteins

Monomers

Chemical bonds between

monomers

Biological properties

35
V. Label the parts on the figure and answer the question. (max. 4 points)

1. mRNA
2. polypeptides
3. ribosomes

B. What structure is presented? ……………………………………………….

VI. Read the text and answer the question. (max. 10 points)

The heart is a muscular organ which pumps blood into the lymphatic vessels. Longitudinally, a
wall divides the heart into right and left parts. In each part there is an atrium and a tendon. The
heart walls are built up of two layers. The inner layer of the heart wall is made up of a simple
squamous epithelium and is called myocardium.

1. There are 4 false words in the text. Write them in the table and provide their true counterparts.

False True
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

2. Which is the outermost layer of the heart wall?................................................................

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. Chloroplasts – structure and function.

2. The most remarkable events that take place in prophase and metaphase.

36
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 08
I. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 15 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
a) X X X X
b) X X X X X
c) X X X X
d) X X

II. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 5 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X X X X X

III. Two points are given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

IV. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

DNA Proteins
Monomers nucleotides Amino acids

Chemical bonds between phosphodiester peptide

monomers
Biological properties main hereditary molecule structural, regulatory,
transport, protective,
catalytic

V. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 4 points)

1 3 2

B. A polyribosome/polysome

37
VI. One point is given for each correct answer and two points for the question
(max. 10 points)

False True
1. lymphatic 1. blood
2. tendon 2. ventricle
3. two 3. three
4. myocardium 4. endocardium

2. Which is the outermost layer of the heart wall? EPICARDIUM

VII. Describe and explain (max. 20 points)

1. Chloroplasts – structure and function

2. The most remarkable events that take place in prophase and metaphase

38
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 09

I. Answer the following questions and mark the correct answers with an (X) in the table
below. (max. 15 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
a)
b)
c)
d)
1. Blood group B erythrocytes contain: b) retina
a) antibodies β c) pupil
b) antigens B d) cornea
c) antibodies ɑ, β 9. The process of protein synthesis is:
d) antigens A a) replication
2. Trypsin brakes down: b) translation
a) carbohydrates c) transcription
b) lipids d) duplication
c) water 10. HIV affects:
d) proteins a) myocytes
3. Which one is a limb muscle? b) erythrocytes
a) trapezius c) lymphocytes
b) latissimus dorsi d) hepatocytes
c) biceps 11. The primary protein structure is not
d) large pectoral muscle determined by amino acid residues’:
4. Which bone is not a part of the a) number
skeleton of the free upper limb? b) folding
a) humerus c) type
b) ulna d) arrangement
c) radius 12. Prokaryotes are:
d) shoulder blade a) eubacteria and cyanobacteria
5. Which one is not a type of connective b) viruses and prions
tissue? c) cyanobacteria and phages
a) blood tissue d) viruses and eubacteria
b) bone tissue 13. The nitrogen bases in DNA are:
c) glandular tissue a) A, T, U, C
d) cartilaginous tissue b) T, A, G, C
6. The basic structural and functional c) A, U, T, G
unit of the kidney is: d) G, C, U, T
a) renal capsule 14. The Golgi complex consists of:
b) nephron a) cisternae and vesicles
c) Malpighian body b) cristae and matrix
d) glomerulus c) granum and stroma
7. The ear ossicles are located in the: d) stroma and cisternae
a) external ear 15. The DNA molecules are:
b) inner ear a) composed of amino acids
c) middle ear b) single stranded
d) organ of Corti c) double stranded
8. The iris is situated behind the: d) adaptable
a) sclera

39
 II. Which of the following statements are correct? Mark them with an (X) in the table
below. (max. 5 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1. Polypeptide chains consist of nucleotides.

2. The tertiary structure of the proteins is the folding of the chain in space.
3. Peroxisomes are nonmembrane-bound organelles.
4. The chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins.
5. Replication is the process of RNA production.
6. Meiosis is a process of cell division in which haploid cells are produced.
7. The epidermal cells are restored trough the division of living cells in the deeper layers.
8. Erythrocytes are cells with a nucleus in the shape of biconcave discs.
9. Carbohydrates are the basic source of energy for the cells.
10. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place through the trachea.
11. The zygote is a haploid cell.
12. Oxytocin stimulates the production of milk.

III. Give a short definition for the following terms: (max. 8 points)

1.Centromere……………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………....

2.Neuron…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

3.Polysome………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….…………………

4.Rods………………………………………………………………...........................................

......................................................................................................................................................

IV. A. Label the parts on the figure. (max. 4 points)

1. Centromere
2. Secondary constriction
3. Satellite
4. Sister chromatids

40
V. Fill in the table: (max. 8 points)

Criteria Replication Transcription

Template
Substrates
Main enzyme
Final product

VI. Read the text and answer the question. (max. 10 points)

The sequence of cell growth, its preparation for division and the division of two daughter cells
is called mitosis. The most important process in preparation for mitosis is the doubling of
genetic material - production of RNA. During interphase the cell decreases in mass by
synthesis of diverse proteins. In result of mitosis from one diploid mother cell 4 daughter cells
are formed.

1. There are 4 false words in the text. Write them in the table and provide their true
counterparts.

False True
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

2. How is called the division of the cytoplasm?

…………………………………………………………………………………….

VII. Describe and explain:

(max. 20 points)
1. Systemic and pulmonary circulation
2. Heart – localization, wall structure, main parts, function

41
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 09
I. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 15 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
a) X X X
b) X X X X X
c) X X X X X
d) X X

II. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 5 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

X X X X X

III. Two points are given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

IV. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 4 points)

3
2

V. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

Criteria Replication Transcription

Template DNA DNA
Substrates deoxyribonucleotides ribonucleotides
Main enzyme DNA polymerase RNA polymerase
Final product DNA RNA

42
VI. One point is given for each correct answer and two points for the question.
(max. 10 points)

False True
1. mitosis 1. cell cycle
2. RNA 2. DNA
3. decreases 3. increases
4. 4 4. 2

2. How is called the division of the cytoplasm? CYTOKINESIS

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. Systemic and pulmonary circulation

2. Heart – localization, wall structure, main parts, function

43
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 10

I. Answer the following questions and mark the correct answers with an (X) in the
table below. (max. 15 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
a)
b)
c)
d)
1. Blood group A erythrocytes possess: c) made up of grey and white matter
a) antibodies ɑ d) about 1 cm long
b) antigens B 9. The mitochondria:
c) antibodies ɑ, β a) are enclosed by one membrane
d) antigens A b) consist of granum and stroma
2. Pepsin brakes down: c) consist of cristae and matrix
a) carbohydrates d) use the light energy source
b) lipids 10. The viroids are:
c) mucus a) viruses
d) proteins b) bacteria
3. Which function is not typical for the c) phages
skin? d) single stranded RNA molecules
a) protective 11. During anaphase the chromosomes:
b) thermoregulative a) move independently
c) contractile b) are most compact
d) excretory c) consist of normal quantity of DNA
4. Lumbar vertebrae are: d) are aligned in the equatorial plane
a) largest in size 12. Eukaryotes are:
b) triangular in shape a) plant and animal cells
c) smallest in size b) eubacteria and cyanobacteria
d) 12 c) viruses and prions
5. The biceps: d) cyanobacteria and phages
a) extends the elbow 13. In which of the following the genetic
b) flexes the elbow code is written?
c) flexes the foot in the ankle a) lipids
d) extends the foot in the ankle b) nucleus acids
6. Erythrocytes: c) carbohydrates
a) have a protective function d) proteins
b) are several types 14. The endoplasmic reticulum consists of:
c) participate in blood clotting a) flat tube-like tanks and vesicles
d) are without nuclei b) cristae and matrix
7. Glucocorticoids: c) granum and stroma
a) are produced by the thyroid gland d) stroma and cisternae
b) stimulate body growth 15. The most important event during
c) regulate metabolism of mineral salts interphase is:
d) regulate metabolism of organic a) reverse transcription
compounds b) transcription
8. The spinal cord is: c) DNA-replication
a) covered with two membranes d) translation
b) surrounded by a canal filled with liquid
44
II. Which of the following statements are correct? Mark them with an (X) in the table below.
(max. 5 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles.

2. The polysome is a structure consisting of a DNA molecule connected to several ribosomes.
3. The triplet in a DNA molecule coding for one amino acid is called gene.
4. Denaturation shows that the folding of the polypeptide chain is determined by the primary
structure.
5. Transcription is the process of RNA production.
6. Mitosis is a type of cell division which is the basis of asexual reproduction.
7. The smooth muscle tissue forms the skeletal muscles.
8. The bones are long, short and flat.
9. Urine production takes place in the nephrons.
10. Systemic circulation starts with the pulmonary artery.
11. The inner side of the lungs is covered with the pleura.
12. The suprarenal glands have both exocrine and endocrine secretion.

III. Give a short definition for the following terms: (max. 10 points)

1.Zygote……………………………………………………………………………………..…………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Genetic code………….………………………………………………………………......................

………..………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. Axon……………………………………………………...…………………………........................

………………………………………..……………………………………………………………….

4. Nephron …………………..………………………………………………………..........................

……………………………………………...……………………………………………………...

IV. Label the parts on the figure.

(max. 4 points)

1. pentose sugar
2. phosphate group
3. nitrogenous base
4.What is this structure?....................................

45
V. Fill in the table: (max. 8 points)
Somatotropin Adrenaline
Organ of production

Effects

VI. Read the text and answer the question. (max. 10 points)

The process of RNA synthesis is called replication. There are three types of RNA present in
every cell - messenger (mRNA), transfer (tRNA) and ribosomal (rRNA). rRNA is a double
stranded molecule that builds up the ribosomes. tRNA binds the amino acid and transfers it to
the corresponding anticodon on mRNA. Amino acids are bound to each other by
phosphodiester bonds.

1. There are 4 false words in the text. Write them in the table and provide their true
counterparts.

False True
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.

2. How is called the process of protein synthesis?

…………………………………………………………………………………….

VII. Describe and explain:

(max. 20 points)
1. The structure of the lungs and principle of gas exchanging.
2. Structure of the eukaryotic nucleus

46
 BIOLOGY ENTRANCE EXAM – 10

I. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 15 points)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
a) X X X
b) X X
c) X X X X X
d) X X X X X

II. One point is given for each correct answer.

(max. 5 points)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
X X X X X

III. Two points are given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

IV. One point is given for each correct answer. (max. 4 points)

2
1
3

4. NUCLEOTIDE

V. Two points are given for each correct answer. (max. 8 points)

Somatotropin Adrenaline
Organ of production Anterior part of pituitary Medullar part of
gland suprarenal gland
Stimulates body growth Affects conditions of
Effects and accelerates protein stress and adaptation
production in the cells

47
VI. One point is given for each correct answer and two points for the question.
(max. 10 points)

False True
1. replication 1. transcription
2. double 2. single
3. anticodon 3. codon
4. phosphodiester 4. peptide

2. How is called the process of protein synthesis? TRANSLATION

VII. Describe and explain: (max. 20 points)

1. The structure of the lungs and principle of gas exchanging

2. Main structures of the eukaryotic nucleus

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