User's Guide, XL2 Plus Analyzer, V 8.5

Thermo Fisher Scientific
Niton XL2 Plus

Analyzer
Version 8.5
User’s Guide
110-00156 July 2018
© 2018 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved.
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. provides this document to its customers with a product purchase to use in the
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The contents of this document are subject to change without notice. All technical information in this
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Contents
Chapter 1 Contact Us. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Chapter 2 Manual Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Warnings, Cautions, and Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Physical Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Other Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter 3 Using Your Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Intended Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Safely and Effectively Using Your Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Operational Specifications for Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Radiation and Compliance Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Battery Installation and Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Hot Swap Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Emergency Response Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Chapter 4 Common Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Setting Up Beep Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Sorting the Custom Element Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Max Measure Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Minimum Test Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Virtual Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Setting Display Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Adjusting the Element Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Setting the Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Calibrating the Touch Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Chapter 5 Analysis Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Analysis Modes Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Metals Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
General Metals: Standard Operating Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Taking a General Metals Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Precious Metals Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Chapter 6 Advanced Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Adjusting the Element Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Tools Menu Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
NDF Files: User Data Structuring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Safety Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Chapter 7 Data Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115

Viewing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Viewing Fingerprints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Thermo Scientific Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer User’s Guide i

Contents
Erasing Data, Readings, or Fingerprints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Managing Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Chapter 8 Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131

Installing the Windows 7 USB Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Using a USB Cable to Connect Your Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Downloading Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Chapter 9 Controlling Your Analyzer From Your PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
Chapter 10 Instrument Maintenance and Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

Replacing the Measurement Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Tips and Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Storing and Transporting Your Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Chapter 11 Test Stands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165

The Portable Test Stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
The Mobile Test Stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Configuring the Analyzer for the Test Stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
The Field Mate Test Stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Configuring the Analyzer for the Test Stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
ii Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer User’s Guide Thermo Scientific

1
Contact Us
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[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Thermo Scientific Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide 1

1 Contact Us
2 Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide Thermo Scientific

2
Manual Overview
Contents
• “Warnings, Cautions, and Notes” on page 1
• “Figures” on page 2
• “Physical Buttons” on page 2
• “Other Hardware” on page 3
Warnings, Cautions, and Notes

Warnings
Warnings are extremely important recommendations, violating which may result in either
injury to yourself or others, or damage to your analyzer and/or data. Warnings will always be
identified as Warnings in the text, and will always be visually presented as follows:
WARNING This is a Warning.
Example Warning:
WARNING Tampering with the 5,500 ppm (Lead high) lead-in-soil standard may cause
exposure to lead dust. Keep all standards out of reach of children.
Cautions
Cautions are important recommendations. Cautions will always be identified as Cautions in
the text, and will always be visually presented as follows:
CAUTION This is a Caution.
Example Caution:
CAUTION Never tamper with Test Standards. They should not be used unless they are
completely intact

2 Manual Overview
Figures
Notes
Notes are informational asides which may help you with your analyses. Notes will always be
identified as Notes in the text, and will always be visually presented as follows:
Note This is a Note.
Example Note:
Note For defensible Quality Control, keep a record of the time and precision of every
calibration
Figures
Figures are illustrations used to show what something looks like. Figures will always be labeled
and identified as Figures directly below the Figure itself, and will always be visually presented
as follows:
Figure 1. This is a Figure
Physical Buttons
Physical Buttons are actual buttons on the analyzer which must be pushed to activate their
function. Physical Buttons will always be identified as Buttons in the text, and will always be
visually presented as follows:
Example Physical Buttons:

On/Off/Escape Button, Clear/Enter Button, Interlock Button, and Trigger Button.

2 Manual Overview
Other Hardware
Other Hardware
Other Hardware refers to any physical part of the analyzer which performs a necessary
function. Other Hardware will always be visually presented as follows:
This is an example of Other Hardware.
Example Other Hardware:

Battery, Touch Screen Display, Measurement Window, and USB Cable

2 Manual Overview
Other Hardware

3
Using Your Analyzer
Contents
• “Intended Use” on page 5
• “Safely and Effectively Using Your Analyzer” on page 6
• “Operational Specifications for Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer” on page 20
• “Radiation and Compliance Labels” on page 21
• “Battery Installation and Charging” on page 23
• “Hot Swap Feature” on page 26
• “Emergency Response Information” on page 26
This section discusses the basics of using your analyzer. Radiation safety is covered first,
because using an X-ray based analyzer safely is very important. Secondly, we outline the daily
startup procedure to ensure that your analyzer is performing properly and at its most efficient
level.
Intended Use
Get fast, accurate metal alloy verification for manufacturing quality assurance with the
Thermo Scientific™ Niton™ XL2 Plus Analyzer. The XL2 Plus Analyzer provides immediate,
nondestructive elemental analysis of alloy materials from titanium to nickel as well as tramp
and trace element analysis. Lightweight, rugged handheld Niton XL2 Plus Analyzers are well
suited for a growing list of applications including scrap metal identification, mining and
exploration, and lead screening for consumer and electronic goods.

3 Using Your Analyzer
Safely and Effectively Using Your Analyzer
Navigation
Use the touch screen or keypad to access XL2 Plus features.
Touch Screen
Safety LED Indicator Safety LED Indicator
Pass/Fail Indicator Bluetooth Indicator
4-Way Touch Pad Interlock
On/Off/Escape Button Clear/Enter Button
Stylus Holder Wrist Strap Anchor
USB, Remote Trigger, Serial, and Power Ports
CAUTION Niton analyzers are not intrinsically safe analyzers. All pertinent Hot Work
procedures should be followed in areas of concern.
CAUTION If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by Thermo, the protection
provided by the equipment may be impaired.
WARNING Always treat radiation with respect. Do not hold your analyzer near the
measurement window during testing. Never point your analyzer at yourself or anyone else
when the shutter is open.
Serviceable Parts
There are no user serviceable parts. All repairs must be performed by factory trained
technicians.

Ergonomics
The Niton XL2 Plus analyzer is ergonomically designed. This lightweight, compact, and
balanced instrument minimizes strain on the user, especially on extended jobs. Three separate
test stands provide added ergonomic support for development, calibration or anytime you
need to test samples repeatedly and for long periods of time. For more information see “Test
Stands” on page 165.
Unintentional Misuse
Take caution to avoid unintentional misuse, which is not covered on the service warranty.
Examples of unintentional misuse include:
• letting the analyzer slip out of your hand in a damp environment
• standing the analyzer upright on the battery, putting it at high risk of falling off a counter
or desktop
Radiation and General Safety

This section covers topics related to radiation safety and general safety when using a Thermo
Scientific Niton XL2 Plus analyzer. At a minimum all operators of the analyzer should be
familiar with the instructions provided in this chapter in order to handle the analyzer in a safe
manner. In addition to reading the information presented on the following pages, Thermo
Fisher Scientific recommends that anyone operating the XL2 Plus analyzer participate in a
radiation safety and operational training class. You can find courses online at
https://portables.thermoscientific.com/. Login and search for “radiation safety training”.
Radiation Protection Basics

The Niton Model XL2 Plus analyzer contains an x-ray tube which emits radiation only when
the user turns the x-ray tube on. When the x-ray tube is on and the shutter is open, as during
a measurement, the analyzer emits a directed radiation beam - see Figures 1-1 and 1-2.
Reasonable effort should be made to maintain exposures to radiation as far below dose limits
as is practical. This is known as the ALARA (As Low as Reasonably Achievable) principle. For
any given source of radiation, three factors will help minimize your radiation exposure: Time,
Distance, and Shielding.
Time
The longer you are exposed to a source of radiation the longer the radiation is able to interact
in your body and the greater the dose you receive. Dose increases in direct proportion to
length of exposure.

Distance
The closer you are to a source of radiation, the more radiation strikes you. Based on geometry
alone, dose increases and decreases with an inverse-squared relation to your distance from the
source of radiation (additional dose rate reduction comes from air attenuation). For example,
the radiation dose one foot from a source is nine times greater than the dose three feet from
the source. Remember to keep your hands and all body parts away from the front end of the
analyzer when the shutter is open to minimize your exposure.
Shielding
Shielding is any material that is placed between you and the radiation source. The more
material between you and the source, or the denser the material, the less you will be exposed
to that radiation. Supplied or optional test stands are an additional source of shielding for
analysis. A backscatter shield accessory is also available and may be appropriate in some
applications.
Exposure to Radiation
Human dose to radiation is typically measured in rem, or in one-thousandths of a rem, called
millirem (mrem), 1 rem = 1000 mrem. Another unit of dose is the Sievert (Sv), 1 Sv = 100
rem. The allowable limit for occupational exposure in the U.S (and many other countries) is
5,000 mrem/year (50 mSv/year) for deep (penetrating) dose and 50,000 mrem/year (500
mSv/year) for shallow (i.e., skin) dose or dose to extremities. Deep, shallow, and extremity
exposure from a properly used Niton XL2 Plus analyzer should be less than 200 mrem per
year, (2.0 mSv per year) even if the analyzer is used as much as 2,000 hours per year, with the
shutter open continuously. The only anticipated exceptions to the 200 mrem maximum
annual dose are: 1) routine and frequent analysis of plastic samples without use of a test stand,
backscatter shield, or similar additional protective measures, or 2) improper use where a part
of the body is in the primary beam path.
Note NEVER OPERATE THE DEVICE WITH A PART OF YOUR BODY IN THE
PRIMARY BEAM PATH OR WITH THE PRIMARY BEAM PATH DIRECTED AT
ANYONE ELSE.
Also, consider the use of protective accessories such as a shielded test stand or backscatter
shield (or equivalent) when performing routine and/or frequent analysis of any of the
following:
• light materials (such as plastic, wood, or similarly low density/low atomic mass
samples)
• thin samples (such as foils, circuit boards, and wires)
• samples that are smaller than the analysis window.

Shown in Table 1 are the typical background radiation doses received by the average member
of the public. The radiation dose limits for radiation workers in the US are also shown in
Table 2.
Table 1. Typical Radiation Doses Received (Source: NCRP 1987)

Category Dose in mrem Dose in mSv
Average total dose in US (annual) 360 3.6
Average worker exposure (annual) 210 2.1
Average exposure for an underground 400 4.0
miner
Exposure for airline crew (1,000 hours at 500 5.0
35,000 ft)
Additional from living in Denver at 5300’ 25 .25
(annual)
Additional from 4 pCi/l radon in home 1,000 10.0
Typical Chest X-Ray 6 0.06
Typical Head or Neck X-Ray 20 0.2
Typical pelvis/hip x-ray 65 0.65
Typical lumbar spine x-ray 30 0.3
Typical Upper G.I. x-ray 245 2.45
Typical Barium enema x-ray 405 4.05
Typical CAT scan 110 1.10
Table 2. Annual Occupational Dose Limits for Radiation Workers (Source:

Code of Federal Regulations Title 10, Part 20)
Category Dose in mrem Dose in mSv
Whole Body 5000 50
Pregnant Worker (during gestation 500 5
period)
Eye Dose Equivalent 15,000 150
Shallow dose equivalent to the skin or 50,000 500
any extremity or organ
Maximum allowable dose for the general 100 1.0
public (annual)
For a Minor 500 5.0

Monitoring your radiation exposure

Individuals can be monitored for the radiation dose they receive by use of radiation dosimetry
devices (dosimeters). Monitoring dose using a dosimeter can be a way of identifying improper
use and at the same time demonstrating proper use. In some locations, dosimetry is required
by regulations and in others it is optional. It is normally required when the user could
reasonably be expected to receive in excess of 10% of the annual dose limit. Thermo Fisher
Scientific recommends that you determine and obey the local regulatory requirements
concerning radiation monitoring of occupational workers.
Two common types of dosimeters are whole-body badges and ring badges. Whole body
badges are often attached to the user’s torso (e.g., clipped to the collar, shirt pocket, or waist as
appropriate). A ring badge is worn on the finger as a measure of maximum extremity dose.
When worn, the specific location of the dosimeter should be that part of the body that is
expected to receive the highest dose. This location will depend on how the analyzer is used
and so it may not be the same for all users. Dosimetry services are offered by many companies.
Two companies offering dosimetry services in the USA and much of the world are:
Company Global Dosimetry Solutions Landauer, Inc.
Address 2652 McGaw Avenue 2 Science Road

City and State Irvine, CA 92614 Glenwood, IL 60425-9979
Website www.dosimetry.com www.landauerinc.com
Phone Number (800) 251-3331 (800) 323-8830
Note Wearing a dosimeter badge does not protect you against radiation exposure. A
dosimeter badge only measures your exposure (at the dosimeter location).
Pregnancy and Radiation Exposure

International guidance documents (e.g., ICRP Publication 60 and NCRP Publication 116*)
recommend that the radiation dose to the embryo/fetus of a pregnant woman should not
exceed a total of 500 mrem (10% of normal radiation worker limit) during the gestation
period. While this dose limit exceeds the dose limit to a trained operator, pregnant workers
may want to take special precautions to reduce their exposure to radiation. For more
information see the U.S. NRC Regulatory Guide 8.13 “Instruction Concerning Prenatal
Radiation Exposure” which can be found on the resource CD.
* The International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP, is an independent

Registered Charity, established to advance for the public benefit the science of radiological
protection, in particular by providing recommendations and guidance on all aspects of
protection against ionizing radiation.

* The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) was chartered
by the U.S. Congress in 1964 as the National Council on Radiation Protection and
Measurements.
How to Use the Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer Safely

The Niton XL2 Plus analyzer is designed to be safe to operate provided that it is used in
accordance with manufacturer's instructions. Under conditions of normal use, monitored
operators seldom receive a measurable dose and have not been known to receive in excess of
10% of the annual occupational dose limits (a criteria that would require monitoring under
regulation in the U.S.). In addition to proper use of the analyzer, it is recommended that you
follow these precautions to ensure your safety and the safety of those around you.
Know where the beam is

The primary beam is a directed beam out of the front of the analyzer that can have high dose
rates. The secondary beam, or scattered beam, has much lower dose rates.
Figure 2. Primary Beam

Figure 3. Secondary (Scattered) Beam
The Shutter-Open Indicator Lights

When the lights are flashing, the primary beam is on, and radiation is being emitted from the
front of the analyzer.
Figure 4. The X-ray Beam Indicator Lights

Handle and Use with Respect

Avoid holding the front of the analyzer when the x-ray tube is energized and the shutter is
open. Never point the instrument at yourself or anyone else when the shutter is open and the
x-ray tube is energized. Never look into the path of the primary beam.
Follow a Radiation Protection Program

Your organization should establish, document, and follow a Radiation Protection Program.
Take Proper Care of your Niton XL2 Plus

Keeping your analyzer maintained in good condition will help minimize the risk of accidental
exposure. Mechanical malfunction of the shutter can be avoided by maintaining the
measurement window, as described in the User Guide. This prevents foreign objects from
entering your analyzer.
The XL2 Plus Analyzer is equipped with Detector ProGuard, a detector protection grid.
While the Detector ProGuard helps to minimize accidental detector punctures, care must be
taken to avoid introducing sharp objects to the analyzer measurement window area. Under
Manufacturer standard terms and conditions, detector punctures will not be covered under
warranty.
Avoid Over-Exposures
Direct contact with the window could result in overexposures in the times indicated inTable 3
below.
Table 3. Potential Exposure Limit Times

Location of Dose Limit Time to Reach Limit
Deep Dose / 5 rem (50 mSv) 2.1 minutes
Whole Body
Shallow Dose / 50 rem (500 mSv) 0.95 minutes
Extremities
Member of Public 0.1 to 5 rem (1 to 50 mSv) 2.5 to 9.5 seconds
(i.e. untrained
operator)
Extremity is defined by the NRC as the hand, elbow, arm below the elbow, foot, knee, or leg
below the knee. Whole Body is defined by the NRC as the head, trunk (including male
gonads), arms above the elbow, or legs above the knee.

Safe Handling of Samples

As mentioned many times in this chapter, never place any part of your body in the path of the
x-ray beam. There is always a safe way to handle samples whether they are small, irregularly
shaped, or of low density. Never look into the path of the primary beam.
Small Samples
A small sample would be any sample that is smaller than the measurement window. Small
samples present a unique risk because they don’t block the entire beam path. The difficulty
with placing small samples down on a work surface to analyze them is that you may get
readings from the work surface that interfere with analytical results. A test stand is an effective
way of analyzing small samples accurately and safely. Never hold samples during analysis or
look into the path of the primary beam.
Irregularly Shaped Samples

Irregularly shaped samples may not allow the proximity button to be depressed, or they may
not entirely cover the primary beam and cause additional scattering. A back scatter shield is a
safe way of reducing your radiation exposure while effectively analyzing an irregularly shaped
sample.
Light Materials (such as plastics).

X-rays are attenuated more by denser and higher atomic mass materials, and less through
lighter materials such as plastic. This causes higher dose rates in the scattered radiation. If you
are frequently handling low density samples, you should consider the use of test stands,
backscatter shields, or the equivalent. For more information see “Test Stands” on page 165.

Niton XL2 Plus Radiation Profile
Radiation Meter Information

Model: Rad-Eye B20
SN: 30776
Cal Due: 08/04/2018
Background Radiation Level

<0.01 mR/hr
Table 4 - Scatter Measurements off various substrates - Dose Rates in mRem/hr
Table 4. Niton XL2 Plus Radiation Profile - Scatter Measurements - mRem/hr
kV uA Range Substrate Max @ 5cm Max @ 30 cm Max @ Trigger
6.2 200 Low Aluminum <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

6.2 200 Low Stainless <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
6.2 200 Low Plastic <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
6.2 200 Low Soil <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
8 200 Low Aluminum <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
8 200 Low Stainless <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
8 200 Low Plastic <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
8 200 Low Soil <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
45 44 Main Aluminum 0.82 0.075 0.028
45 44 Main Stainless 0.04 <0.02 <0.02
45 44 Main Plastic 3.5 0.25 0.36
45 44 Main Soil 1.2 0.10 0.10

Table 5 - Scatter Measurements off various substrates - Dose Rates in μSv/hr
Table 5. Niton XL2 Plus Radiation Profile - Scatter Measurements - μSv/hr
kV uA Range Substrate Max @ 5cm Max @ 30 cm Max @ Trigger
6.2 200 Low Aluminum <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

6.2 200 Low Stainless <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
6.2 200 Low Plastic <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
6.2 200 Low Soil <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
8 200 Low Aluminum <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
8 200 Low Stainless <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
8 200 Low Plastic <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
8 200 Low Soil <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
45 44 Main Aluminum 8.2 0.75 0.28
45 44 Main Stainless 0.4 <0.2 <0.2
45 44 Main Plastic 35 2.5 3.6
45 44 Main Soil 12 1.0 1.0
Notes:
Scatter measurements were taken at a radius of 5 or 30 cm around the nose of the analyzer
with the highest scatter dose rate being recorded.

Table 6 - In Beam Measurements - Dose Rates in Rem/hr
Table 6. Niton XL2 Plus Radiation Profile - In Beam Measurements - Rem/hr
kV uA Range Contact Deep Contact Shallow 5cm Deep 30cm Deep
6.2 200 Low <1.0 510,000 <1.0 <1.0

8 200 Low 24 2,000,000 4.0 <1.0
45 44 Main 58,000 200,000 9,400 860
Table 7 - In Beam Measurements - Dose Rates in mSv/hr
Table 7. Niton XL2 Plus Radiation Profile - In Beam Measurements - mSv/hr
kV uA Range Contact Deep Contact Shallow 5cm Deep 30cm Deep
6.2 200 Low <0.010 5,100 <0.010 <0.010

8 200 Low 0.24 20,000 0.040 <0.010
45 44 Main 580 2,000 94 8.6
Notes:
In beam dose rates were measured using optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeters.
Reported results are based on measurement results that have been reduced to 2 significant
digits by rounding up. For example, a measurement result of 1441 would be reported as 1500.

Figure 5. Primary and Secondary Dose Locations (Not to Scale)

Primary Radiation
Primary radiation is radiation that is produced by the analyzer and emitted out through the
measurement window. Individuals should never place any part of their body in the primary
beam path when the x-ray tube is on. There should always be a sample in contact with the
measurement window when the x-ray tube is on. The sample will absorb most of the
primary-beam radiation unless it is smaller than the instrument's measurement window or of
low atomic mass, low density, and/or very thin. Caution should be taken when analyzing
samples that are small, thin, and/or low in atomic mass or density as they may allow much
more of the primary beam to escape.
Secondary Radiation
Under conditions of normal and proper use, individuals can be exposed to secondary (or
“scattered”) radiation. Secondary radiation is low-level radiation that emanates from the
sample being analyzed as a result of primary beam radiation scattering in the sample or
primary beam radiation inducing fluorescent x-rays in the sample. Dose points A, A’ and B in
Figure 5 are examples of where you can encounter secondary radiation. The magnitude of this
secondary radiation is sample dependent. Higher atomic mass and density samples such as
steel will emit the lowest levels as they absorb most primary and secondary radiations. Lower
atomic mass and density samples such as aluminum, wood, and especially plastic, will produce
higher levels of secondary radiation.
The operator is reminded that one should never hold samples during analysis, doing so will
result in higher than necessary exposure to secondary radiation and could expose the operator
directly to the much higher primary-beam dose rates.
Deep and Shallow Dose

You will find in Table 6 and Table 7 that shallow dose rates are listed for some dose points. All
dose rates listed in these four Tables are deep dose unless they are specifically identified as
shallow dose. Deep dose is dose from penetrating radiation that is delivered to both skin and
underlying tissues and organs and is the type most commonly referred to when describing
external radiation hazards. Occupational deep dose is limited to a maximum of 5 rem (50
mSv) per year in the United States and most countries internationally. Deep dose is measured
at 1.0 cm below the skin surface.
Shallow dose is often referred to as “skin dose” because it is a result of low penetrating
radiation that only interacts with the skin. Shallow dose is limited to a maximum of 50 rem
(500 mSv) per year in the United States and most countries internationally. Shallow dose is
listed for primary in-beam dose points only because the low penetrating radiation that causes
shallow dose is nearly all absorbed by a sample and does not produce any significant secondary
radiation. Shallow dose is measured at a point 0.007 cm below the surface.

Operational Specifications for Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer
Operational Specifications for Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer

Specification Value
Weight With battery: 3.4 lbs (1.53 kg)
Size • Length: 10.2 inches (25.87 cm)
• Width: 3.1 inches (7.7 cm)
• Height: 10.4 inches (26.29 cm)
Electrical rating 12 V DC, regulated
Power rating 12v 3A 36W
Ingress Protection (IP) rating Tested against IEC 60529 Degrees of Protection, IP-54
X-ray Tube Max 2W, 45kV, 200uA
Library For General Metals Mode: Niton Alloy Library
v8.4C_800 and v8.4C_900
Calibration Modes General Metals, Precious Metals, Soils, Mining, Plastics,
Lead-in-Paint Industrial Analysis, Lead-in-Painted
Product Analysis, Coatings, and Electronic Alloys.
Data export formats .csv, .xls, .txt
Battery LI-ION, 7.4V, 7.8AH
Ambient operating temperature 0-50 C
Humidity 0-80% Relative Humidity, Non-condensing
Cold Storage -20 C
Hot Storage 70 C
Elevation Sea level to 2600 meters (8530 ft.)
Language configuration English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Chinese,
Russian, Korean, Italian, Japanese, and Czech.
Computer administration The analyzer uses the Niton Data Transfer (NDT) suite
of applications. Includes: Niton Data Transfer (NDT)
and Niton Data Transfer Remote (NDTr). These
applications run on a PC via a USB connection.
<1 mSv/hr @ 1 meter
Compliance CE, RoHS, FCC, Industry Canada, Safety to IEC

61010-1; UL61010-1, IP54

Radiation and Compliance Labels

Labels Description
This is the radiation caution label. It notifies you that energy
from the laser exits the laser aperture. Because this radiation
can harm the eyes, take care to protect your eyes suitably. The
label is located on the bottom of the analyzer nose.
This is the x-ray caution label. It provides a warning that the

analyzer emits a high intensity x-ray beam. The label is
located near the analyzer nose.
This CE label certifies compliance with part 15 of the FCC
Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)
this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
The label is located near the handle.
This caution label warns that the instrument produces x-rays

and should only be operated by authorized personnel.
The label is located under the analyzer nose.

User Accessible Connectors on Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer

Connector Voltage Level Manufacturer and Part Number
USB port 5V Molex,
56579-0576
Connector for Remote Trigger 3.3V CUI,
SJ-3523-SMT-TR
Serial port 5V CUI,
SJ-2523-SMT-TR
DC Power JACK 12V CUI,
Use Power Supply 420-011 PJ-014CH-SMT-TR
Storage and Transportation

Storage
Regulations in nearly all locations will require that you store your analyzer locked in a secured
area to prevent access, use, and/or removal by unauthorized individuals. Storage requirements
will vary by location, particularly with regard to storage at temporary job sites or away from
your primary storage location such as hotels and motels and in vehicles. You should contact
your local Radiation Control Authority to identify the specific storage requirements in your
jurisdiction.
Transportation
There are no X-ray tube specific US Department of Transportation (DOT) or International
Air Transport Association (IATA) radiation regulations regarding shipping the Niton XL2
Plus analyzer. It is recommended that you ship the analyzer in its carrying case and an
over-pack to protect the sensitive measuring equipment inside the analyzer. Do NOT ship the
analyzer with the battery pack connected to the analyzer.
Lost or Stolen Instrument

Note THIS PAGE CONTAINS EMERGENCY CONTACT INFORMATION THAT
SHOULD BE AVAILABLE TO THE OPERATOR AT ALL TIMES.
If the Niton XL2 Plus analyzer is lost or stolen, notify your Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) or
the equivalent responsible individual at your company or institution immediately. Your
company's RSO, as well as other important emergency contacts, are listed below. Your
company RSO may need to notify the x-ray tube regulatory authority and the local police. It
is also recommended that a notification is made to Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Battery Installation and Charging
Damaged Instrument
Minor Damage
If the instrument is intact but there is indication of an unsafe condition such as a cracked case,
a shutter mechanism failure, or the lights remain flashing after a measurement is terminated,
follow these steps:
1. Stop using the instrument
2. Remove the battery. The x-ray tube can not produce radiation when the battery is
disconnected. The instrument is now safe to handle.
3. Place the instrument securely in the holster.
4. Place the instrument in the carrying case that came with the instrument.
5. Notify your Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) or the equivalent responsible individual at
your company or institution immediately.
6. You or your RSO should call Thermo Fisher Scientific at one of their contact numbers
listed below for additional instructions and guidance.
Major Damage
If the instrument is severely damaged:
1. Perform the same steps as described above for minor damage. There will be no radiation
hazard as long as the battery is removed from the instrument.
2. Place all components in a plastic bag and contact Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Before installing your batteries for the first time in your system, please be sure that they are
fully charged by following the procedure below.
CAUTION The battery used in this device may present a risk of fire or chemical burn if
mistreated. Do no disassemble, heat above 50C, or incinerate. Replace battery with Thermo
Fisher Scientific P/N 420-002 only. Use of another battery may cause fire or explosion.
Dispose of used battery promptly. Keep away from children. Do not disassemble and do not
dispose of in fire.
 To install the battery
1. Slide back the catch on the bottom of your analyzer’s pistol grip and drop the battery out
into your hand.

2. Place the old battery aside and slide the new battery up into the cavity in the bottom of
the pistol grip. The battery is keyed, and will only insert fully one way.
3. Press in until the latch resets. Do not force the battery into the cavity.
Power Supply and Cable

A power cable and power supply and cable are provided to power the battery charger. Both are
shown below, along with their part numbers.
Power Cable PN 420-007 Power Supply PN 420-011
 Recharging the battery pack
Fully recharging a battery pack takes approximately 2 hours.

1. Remove the battery pack from the analyzer.
2. Connect the power supply to the battery charger, and connect the power cable to an
electrical outlet.

3. Place the battery pack upside down into the charger. The battery pack is keyed, and will
only fit into the charger fully one way. If your battery pack is resting on the back of the
charger rather than sliding all the way to the bottom, remove the battery pack, turn it
around, and re-insert it into the charger.
CAUTION Do not force the battery into the charger!

4. The red light is on when the charger is plugged in. This is the power indicator light.
5. The yellow light indicates that the battery pack is currently being charged.
6. The green light indicates that the battery pack has finished charging and is ready for use.
Battery charger power

specification: 12vDC, 3 A
See battery charger “Power

Supply PN 420-011” on page 24.
Figure 6. Checking Battery Status
CAUTION Do not store battery packs or charger in direct sunlight.
CAUTION Do not let the battery pack recharge for excessive periods of time.

Hot Swap Feature
Hot Swap Feature

Batteries for the XL2 Plus are designed to be hot-swappable. Capacitors in the unit maintain
function of the instrument for 15 seconds after the batteries have been removed, so that a
fresh battery can be substituted with no down time and reboot.
Note If you take more than 15 seconds to swap in a new battery, you may need to reboot
the analyzer. Measurements cannot be initiated while instrument is in Hot Swap mode.
Instrument must have a battery installed or must be plugged-in to a power source.
Emergency Response Information

Please Complete the Following Emergency Response Information and Keep with the Analyzer
at All Times
NITON ANALYZER EMERGENCY CONTACT INFORMATION

The Company RSO is:______________________________________
RSO Telephone Number:____________________________________
Regulatory Agency Emergency Number:________________________
Local Fire Department:______________________________________
Local or State Police Department:_____________________________
Thermo Fisher Scientific's Niton Analyzer Contact Numbers

Main Number (USA): (800) 875-1578
Additional Radiation Emergency #'s: (978) 790-8269 or (617) 901-3125
Outside the USA - Local Niton Service Center:___________________
Europe
Niton Analyzers Europe
Munich, Germany
Phone: +49 89 3681 380
Fax: +49 89 3681 3830
Email: [email protected]

Asia
Niton Analyzers Asia
Hong Kong
Phone: +852 2869-6669
Fax: +852 2869-6665
Email: [email protected]
Registration and Licensing

As a user of a Niton XL2 Plus analyzer, you may be required to register or obtain a license
with your local radiation control authority. In the US, if you intend to do work with your
analyzer in states other than your own, you may be required to register there as well. See the
Safety and Compliance Web Hub for much more information.
Regarding Safety Devices for the Open Beam Configuration:

In the US, you may be required to file for an exemption, “variance letter”, with your state if
there is a requirement for a safety device that would prevent entry of an extremity into the
primary beam. If you need assistance with the exemption letter, you may contact the radiation
safety group.


4
Common Operations
Contents
• “Setting Up Beep Times” on page 29
• “Sorting the Custom Element Display” on page 30
• “Max Measure Time” on page 33
• “Minimum Test Time” on page 33
• “Virtual Keyboard” on page 34
• “Setting Display Units” on page 36
• “Adjusting the Element Range” on page 38
• “Setting the Date and Time” on page 40
• “Calibrating the Touch Screen” on page 42
Setting Up Beep Times

Beep times are a series of three beeps made by your analyzer at specified intervals during a
reading. They can help you time your reading without watching the screen. You can disable
these beeps, or change the default times.

4 Common Operations
Sorting the Custom Element Display
First Beep
This option allows you to change the seconds of delay before the First Beep. Select the screen
button labeled with the number of seconds of delay for the First Beep. The Beep One Time
editor will open. Clear the current number of seconds with the “C” button, then select the E
button to enter the information.
Second Beep
This option allows you to change the seconds of delay before the Second Beep. Select the
screen button labeled with the number of seconds of delay for the Second Beep. The Beep
Two Time editor will open. Clear the current number of seconds with the “C” button, then
select the E button to enter the information.
Third Beep
This option allows you to change the seconds of delay before the Third Beep. Select the screen
button labeled with the number of seconds of delay for the Third Beep. The Beep Three Time
editor will open. Clear the current number of seconds with the “C” button, then select the E
button to enter the information.
Beep on Grade Match

Selecting this option will enable a special beep when the reading chemistry matches an alloy
grade, and put a check mark in the box. Selecting the box again will remove the check mark
and turn the beep off.

Select the Custom Element Display icon to configure sorting criteria used for analysis display.
Select the mode you wish to change, then selecting the Custom Element Display icon opens
up the Custom Element Display Screen.

4 Common Operations
On the left of the display are elements, each with its currently selected display option beside it
to the right. The element list is ranked by importance, with the most important element on
top, and each one lower down of less importance than the one above it.
By selecting an element and using the arrow buttons to the right of the list, you can change its
ranking. Use the Up Button to move an element one rank closer to the top with each click.
Use the Down Arrow Button to move an element one rank closer to the bottom with each
click.
Display Options
The Display Options Drop Down Menu allows you to change the display status of any
element to one of three states:
• Normal - The standard state. Element displays only when the elemental value is
greater than the limit of detection.
• Always display the results for this element. Use this state for elements critical to all of
your analyses.
• Never display the results for this element. Use this state for elements which are
unimportant to your work. This makes your instrument display less complex.

4 Common Operations
Select the element you want to change, then select the menu option corresponding to your
choice of display status. The currently selected element is displayed in white on black.
Select the Save Button to save your current status as the new default. Select the Reset button
to reset the settings to the previously saved state. Select the Close button to exit the screen
without saving.
Report Settings
Under Electronics Metals, Plastics, and Test All Modes, A field called Report Settings is
available. Selecting the triangle next to the Report Settings Field will open a pop up menu
allowing you to choose between the three Report Settings Modes. Select the mode you wish to
edit.
Changing the settings for one analysis mode will not affect the settings for other modes, and
the configurations can be saved independently.
RoHS Option
When the RoHS Option is selected, clicking on the Pass and Fail values works as it does in
any other Mode.
Detection Option
When the Detection Option is selected, Selecting the Pass/Fail field for that element acts as an
On/Off Toggle, which will switch Pass/Fail mode between On and Off for the selected
element. Selecting it again will reverse the toggle.

4 Common Operations
Max Measure Time
Consumer Products Option

When the Consumer Products Option is selected, clicking on the Pass and Fail values works
as it does in any other Mode. In addition, the total of Cl+Br is also calculated and used for
Pass/Fail Testing.
Max Measure Time

Under the Method Setup -> Measurement Parameters option is a field called Max Measure
Time. Here you can set up the maximum time your analyzer will continue to analyze the
sample. Select the Max Measure Time field, and a Virtual Numeric Keypad will pop up,
allowing you to input a new Maximum Measurement Time in seconds. The default Max
Measure Time is set to 300 seconds.
Minimum Test Time

Under the Method Setup -> Consumer Goods option is a field called Minimum Test Time.
Here you can set up the minimum time your analyzer will continue to analyze the sample
when using the Detection Option only. Select the Minimum Test Time field, and a Virtual
Numeric Keypad will pop up, allowing you to input a new Minimum Test Time in seconds.
The default Minimum Test Time is set to 60 seconds.
• Minimum Test Time can be set for Test All, Plastic, and Metals & Ceramics.
• Minimum Test Time cannot be set for Painted Products.

4 Common Operations
Virtual Keyboard
Virtual Keyboard
Whenever you see the Keyboard Icon, you can select it to bring up a Virtual Keyboard on
your touch screen. Generally, selecting the keys on the Virtual Keyboard will type the
corresponding character into the field. The exceptions are the meta-keys Del, Clear, Left,
Right, Shift, Backspace, Cancel, and Enter.
Keyboard
icon
Figure 7. Virtual Keyboard

4 Common Operations
Virtual Keyboard
Figure 8. Shifted Virtual Keyboard

4 Common Operations
Setting Display Units

Select the Display Units radio buttons on the Set Display Units page to choose between ppm
(parts per million) and percentage (hundredths of whole) displays when taking readings, and
to change the Sigma value you want for the reading.
In the Display Units area, you can select between Percent composition and Parts per Million
as the units displayed in a measurement, and you can change this setting independently for
any mode. You can also change the Sigma for each of these modes independently. When you
have changed the display units to the appropriate values, select the Close button to save these
settings for use.
Changing Precision (Sigma Value)

Sigma is the symbol used for Standard Deviation, a measure of how much a set of numbers
deviates from the mean. For example, each of the three data sets {0, 0, 14, and 14}, {0, 6, 8,
and 14} and {6, 6, 8, 8} has a mean of 7. Their standard deviations are 7, 5, and 1,
respectively. The third set has a much smaller standard deviation than the other two because
its values are all close to 7. In a loose sense, the standard deviation tells us how far from the
mean the data points tend to be. The number of standard deviations between the process
mean and the nearest specification limit is given in sigmas. As process standard deviation goes
up, or the mean of the process moves away from the center of the tolerance, the sigma number
goes down, because fewer standard deviations will then fit between the mean and the nearest
specification limit.
Confidence Intervals
Confidence intervals assume that the data are from an approximately normally distributed
population - generally, sums of many independent, identically distributed random variables
tend towards the normal distribution as a limit. Using this assumption, about 68 % of the
values must be within 1 standard deviation of the mean, about 95 % of the values must be
within two standard deviations, about 99.7 % must lie within 3 standard deviations, and
about 99.99% of the values must lie within 4 standard deviations.
The greater the sigma value of the test, the more confident you can be that the sample is as it
appears, but the more difficult and time consuming the testing must be to verify this. That's
why it's important to use the most appropriate sigma value for the test. By adjusting the sigma
value for each type of test, you can optimize the process for your needs.

4 Common Operations
Adjusting the Sigma Values

The sigma values are listed in the column headed with the Greek letter “sigma”. The default
value is 2 sigma. You can change this value by selecting the down arrow next to the value,
which opens up a drop-down menu from which you can select the desired sigma value by
clicking on it.
Figure 9. Selecting the Sigma Value
When you have changed the sigma values to the appropriate number, select the Close button
to save these settings for use.

4 Common Operations
Adjusting the Element Range
Figure 10. Adjusting the Element Range
Multi-Range tests are used to either preferentially excite specific elements for increased
sensitivity, or to cover a wider element range than one Range alone can provide. The XL2 Plus
analyzer is has 2 element ranges: Main and Light.
• Main Range is used for the analysis of most elements (Ti to U)
• Light Range is typically used for the analysis of light elements (Mg, Al, Si, S, P).
Select the mode you wish to configure from the Mode Menu. You can set different
configurations for different calibration modes.
The Element Range Screen enables you to directly enable or disable a Range, or control the
time that a Range alters the irradiation of the sample before auto-switching to another Range.
In typical metals analysis applications, Main Range is used for the analysis of most elements.
You cannot deselect the Main Range in metals analysis.

4 Common Operations
Select the Element List Button - labeled with a question mark - to display the Element List for
that Range. This list shows the elements that the Range is best designed to detect.
Select the Range Time field for the intended range to change the switch time for that range.
The Range Time Editor will appear. This enables you to set the number of seconds each
enabled range is allotted before auto-switching will occur when needed during sample testing.
Your analyzer will auto-switch from one range to another when the testing time for that range
is greater than or equal to the time you have chosen, and the identified alloy is flagged as
needing the switch in the Niton Alloy Library.
Select the C button to clear the current time, then from the virtual numeric key pad, select
each digit you want to input, then select the E button to enter.

4 Common Operations
Setting the Date and Time
Figure 11. Setting the Date and Time
From the System Menu, select the Date & Time icon from the System Screen to set the date
and time as needed for different time zones, daylight savings time, or any other reason. The
date and time are factory preset prior to shipping. The clock is a 24 hour clock, so add 12 to
PM hours - i.e. 1:13 PM would be 13:13.

4 Common Operations
Figure 12. The Date & Time Screen
When the Date & Time button is selected, the Date & Time Screen comes up on your
analyzer’s LCD Screen. You may change the Month, Year, Date, Hour, and Minute on your
analyzer.

4 Common Operations
Calibrating the Touch Screen
Figure 13. Initiating Touch Screen Calibration
Proper calibration of the touch screen to the display is important for touch accuracy. If you
find the touch screen does not respond to the buttons you touch, you should re-calibrate it.
Select the Calibrate Touch Screen button from the System Screen to re-calibrate the analyzer's
touch screen display. This procedure establishes the display boundaries for the touch screen
interface.
1. Select the Touch Screen icon.
2. The display will show a message asking you to confirm whether or not you want to
calibrate your Touch Screen. Select the Yes button.
3. The display will show the message: “Calibrate Touch Screen”. There will be a small cross in
the upper left-hand corner of the display.
4. Tap on this cross with the stylus, and the cross will disappear and reappear in the upper
right-hand corner of the screen.
5. Tap on the cross again, and it will reappear in the lower right-hand corner of the screen.
6. Tap on the cross again and it will reappear in the lower left-hand corner of the screen.
7. Tap on the cross once more, and you will be presented with a Confirmation Screen.

4 Common Operations
8. Select the Yes Button to confirm that the parameters are good. Select the No Button to start
the process again.
9. Once you have confirmed the parameters, the System Menu will be displayed. The screen is
now calibrated.
Figure 14. Touch Screen Calibration Crosses
The Touch Screen can be calibrated - and the system operated - with a USB mouse plugged
into the USB ports in the rear of the analyzer.

4 Common Operations

5
Analysis Modes
Contents
• “Analysis Modes Descriptions” on page 45
• “Metals Analysis” on page 48
• “General Metals: Standard Operating Procedure” on page 50
• “Taking a General Metals Reading” on page 53
• “Precious Metals Analysis” on page 55
Analysis Modes Descriptions

Your analyzer has several Analysis Modes. Which Analysis Mode you should use depends on
the nature of the sample you analyze.
NOTE: Visit https://portables.thermoscientific.com/ to get Standard Operating Procedures

(SOP) for each calibration mode. In this chapter, an SOP in included for General Metals as an
example.
General Metals Mode

Use this mode to analyze typical alloys, such as iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), chromium
(Cr), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) base metals. This is the ideal
mode for any general metals analysis, such as PMI, incoming / outgoing inspections, QA /
QC, and scrap metal sorting. This mode includes most common alloying constituents.
This mode will attempt to return an Alloy Grade Identification by matching the analyzed
composition of the sample with the nominal composition of alloys in the analyzer's Alloy
Grade Library. It will also return an elemental composition of the alloy as analyzed. Alloy
Composition is output by default in terms of percent of composition by weight.

5 Analysis Modes
Electronic Metals Mode

Use this mode to analyze metal samples typically found in electronic goods (such as printed
circuit boards PCBs, wires and other manufactured components). This mode includes many
common alloying constituents plus some elements used for bonding and soldering (such as Au
and In).
This mode will attempt to return an Alloy Grade Identification by matching the analyzed
composition of the sample with the nominal composition of electronic alloys in the analyzer's
Alloy Grade Library. It will also return an elemental composition of the electronic alloy as
analyzed. Electronic Metal Composition is output by default in terms of percent of
composition by weight.
Precious Metals Mode

Use this mode to analyze precious alloys such as those found in jewelry, gold and silver coins,
and archaeological and historical samples.This mode will attempt to return an Alloy Grade
Identification by matching the analyzed composition of the sample with the nominal
composition of alloys in the analyzer's Precious Alloy Grade Library. It will also return an
elemental composition of the precious metal sample as analyzed. Precious Alloy Composition
is output by default in terms of percent (%) per million.
Metal Coatings Mode

Use this mode for the determination of the thickness of 1 to 3 layers (coatings) on a metal
substrate. For example, this mode may be used for the analysis of the thickness of a coated
surface to ensure the material is plated consistently, or to determine that a conversion coating
is of sufficient thickness. This mode does not determine the chemical composition of the
sample.
Metals Pass/Fail Mode

Use this mode to select alloys from an XL2 Plus Library, which are tested to meet Pass/Fail
criteria during a reading.
Plastics Mode
Use this mode to analyze samples composed primarily of plastic. This mode will return an
elemental composition of the plastic sample as analyzed. Plastic Composition is output by
default in terms of parts per million.

5 Analysis Modes
Soils Mode
Use this mode to analyze samples composed primarily of soil and rock. This mode will return
an elemental composition of the soil sample as analyzed. Soil Composition is output by
default in terms of parts per million.
Mining Cu/Zn Mode

Use this mode to analyze samples composed of potential metal ore - rock containing high
proportions of metal - and containing Cu and/or Zn. This mode will return an elemental
composition of the ore sample as analyzed. Ore Composition is output by default in terms of
percent of composition by weight.
Mining Ta/Hf Mode

Use this mode to analyze samples composed of potential metal ore - rock containing high
proportions of metal - and containing Ta and/or Hf. This mode will return an elemental
composition of the ore sample as analyzed. Ore Composition is output by default in terms of
percent of composition by weight.
TestAll Mode
Use this mode to analyze samples composed of unknown and/or mixed composition, such as
toys and consumer products. This mode will attempt to return a general Material
Identification by comparing the analysis with other general types of materials. It will select the
proper sub-mode for analysis and return an elemental composition of the sample as analyzed.
Material Elemental Composition is output by default in terms of parts per million.
TestAll Geo Mode

Use this mode to analyze powder, mineral, and ore samples without first determining whether
the samples would best be analyzed with Mining or Soil Mode. This mode uses both the
Compton Normalization calibration (Soil) and the Fundamental Parameters calibration
(Mining) to determine whether the soil calibration is acceptable or whether the total metal
content is too high for Compton mode. It will then return an elemental composition of the
sample as analyzed. If the sample can be analyzed via soil mode, then the analyzer will display
results from both Soil and Mining Modes in one unified list. If both calibrations contain the
same element, then the mode that has the lower detection limit will be displayed. Material
Elemental Composition is output by default in terms of both parts per million (mg/kg) and
percent of composition by weight, with 0.10% being the cutoff point.
Note Due to the nature of this mode, your analyzer will only use factory calibrations. User
modified Cal Factors will not be available.

5 Analysis Modes
Metals Analysis
Metals Analysis
To analyze metal samples, from the main menu select sample type, and then click on the
Metals icon. Once in the Metals Selection Screen there will be 1 to 5 Metals Calibration
Modes (depending on the model number and on optional calibrations purchased).
Figure 15. The Metals Analysis Menu Path (Main)

5 Analysis Modes
Metals Analysis
Element Ranges and Lists

From the Element Range Screen, select the Element List Button to display the Element List
for the Range you want to use. This list shows the elements that the Range is best designed to
detect. See “Adjusting the Element Range” on page 66. for details.
Element List
buttons
Figure 16. The Element Range Menu Path

5 Analysis Modes
General Metals: Standard Operating Procedure

NOTE - Each user should read this User’s Guide carefully before initiating measurements
with the system. Users are strongly urged to attend the Thermo Scientific Niton XRF
Analyzer Radiation Safety and Operations Training courses offered regularly, or the web-based
trainings. For more information, visit https://portables.thermoscientific.com/.
Preparatory Tasks
1. Attach a charged battery to the analyzer and turn it on. Follow the screen instructions and
“Log On” as the operator using either the default password or a custom one as designated
by the user in an NDU file.
2. Verify that the date is set properly for data tracking purposes.
From the Main Menu, select the System icon, then the Specs icon. The date will be
displayed for verification. If the date is incorrect, correct it prior to proceeding. This can
be done by “Closing” out of the Specs screen and selecting the Date & Time icon.
Detailed information on this procedure is available in Setting the Date and Time.
3. (Optional) Connect the analyzer to a computer via the included USB cable. (Consult
“Using a USB Cable to Connect Your Analyzer” on page 136 if necessary.)
4. During analysis and detector calibrations, it is important to ensure that the analyzer is not
exposed to strong electromagnetic fields, including those produced by computer
monitors, hard drives, cellular telephones, walkie talkies, etc. Keep a minimum two (2)
feet (0.7 meters) distance between the analyzer and electronic devices.
5. From the Main Menu, select System Check icon then the Yes button.
a. System Check calibrates the detector and verifies it is operating to specifications.

After starting the process, no further user interaction is required during this
operation. When the instrument is finished performing the check, the unit will show
either “System OK” or one of the failure errors.

5 Analysis Modes
b. If the unit shows a failure error, then perform a second System Check by clicking
Recheck. If the unit still does not show a “System OK,” please contact Thermo
Scientific. See “Contact Us” on page 1.
6. Thermo Scientific Niton XL2 Plus analyzers are equipped with excitation filters that
optimize the analyzers’ sensitivity for various elements. The “Main Range” filter provides
optimum sensitivity for the elements titanium (Ti) through uranium (U). The “Light
Range” filter is used to optimize sensitivity of light elements, magnesium (Mg),
aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S). The amount of time that the
analyzer spends in each filter position is user definable, but the default settings should be
used unless there is reason to change them. Please note that the analyzer will continue
alternating excitation filters until the user selectable maximum analysis time is reached or
the operator terminates the measurement.
Verify Accuracy
Verify instrument measurement accuracy using the 2 reference materials (RM) supplied with
the analyzer.
1) Reference material (1.25Cr 0.5Mo). Test this sample for 30 sec on main range filter only
2) Al 6061 check sample. Test 5 sec on main range and 30 sec on light range filters.
If the sample is correctly identified and all major elements read within calculated acceptance
limits (within the low and high values of factory readings found on the QC sheet, proceed to
General Testing Protocol section
If the analyzer reports values outside the acceptance tolerance ranges specified in the tables,
repeat the detector calibration then repeat the reference sample analysis.
If the analyzer again fails to meet the acceptance tolerance ranges specified in the tables, please
contact Customer Support. See “Contact Us” on page 1.

5 Analysis Modes
General Testing Protocol

Good surface preparation is essential for obtaining accurate test results. All non- representative
material (e.g., paint, coating, scale) must be removed prior to testing. An approximately
2-inch-square section of surface should be cleaned down to the material to be analyzed. See
sample preparation section under each of the analysis modes, where applicable.
The analyzer will often display a correct alloy identification and/or accurate chemistry result
before the specified time interval. If the accuracy meets the user’s requirements, it is not
necessary to measure for the full time. Longer measurements might be necessary if low
concentrations of elements must be determined.
INSTRUMENT QC
Measure the supplied reference calibration check sample AT LEAST once a shift. If correct,
continue work. If incorrect, redo System Check and re-take the past 2 hours of results.
Undersized or Non-Contact Samples

(Samples that do not make contact with or that do not fully cover the measurement aperture)
For samples that do not fully cover the measurement aperture, increase the testing time by
increasing the time in inverse proportion to the decrease in percentage of aperture covered.
For example: a rod only covers ½ of the aperture, so increase the measurement time by two
(e.g., from 10 to 20 seconds per filter for alloy chemistry).
The best procedure to measure undersized samples is to use the Thermo Scientific Niton
portable test stand (optional), which is shielded to prevent radiation exposure to the operator.
An undersized sample may alternately be measured while lying on another material. Results
may be affected by the signal coming from the underlying material itself. Use only pure
aluminum, pure plastic, or clean wood and employ the Disable Al feature. Use the Tools
Menu, then select Disable Al, and check the underlying surface itself to be sure no metals are
present. Be sure to use the Tools Menu and select Enable Al before testing aluminum alloys.

5 Analysis Modes
Taking a General Metals Reading

The following example is for taking a General Metals reading.
1. Clean the sample to be analyzed so it is free of all surface contamination.
2. Place the analyzer so the sample is covered by the analysis window.
3. Select the Sample Type Icon.
4. Select Metals > General Metals from the Mode Menu.

5 Analysis Modes
5. Select the Analyze Icon.

The Ready to Test screen displays
a. The Info screen lists the current mode and library being used, plus configuration
info.
b. Select Data Entry if you wish to do any data entry.
c. Select Tools to configure or customize the mode.
d.
6. Initiate a Reading by pressing the trigger.

5 Analysis Modes
Precious Metals Analysis
7. When the sample has been sufficiently analyzed, release the trigger.
8. View the composition returned.

See “Preparatory Tasks” on page 50 for a full range of tasks performed using a Standard
Operating Procedure. Then use the steps below to verify the instrument
1. Verify instrument measurement accuracy using the reference material (RM) supplied with
the analyzer, if one is supplied.
2. Test the factory-supplied standard (or other approved check sample) based on a 30s
measurement. If the sample is correctly identified and all major elements read within
calculated acceptance limits (within the low and high values of factory readings found on
QC sheet), proceed to General Testing Protocol section
3. If the analyzer reports values outside the acceptance tolerance ranges specified in the
tables, repeat the detector calibration described in step 7, then repeat the reference sample
analysis in step 8.1
4. If the analyzer again fails to meet the acceptance tolerance ranges specified in the tables,
please contact Thermo Scientific Portable Analytical Instruments Inc., or your local
representative for assistance.

5 Analysis Modes
Using the Precious Metals Mode

This is a guide to using the Precious Metals Mode.
Figure 17. Precious Metals Mode Menu Path
Select the Sample Type icon from the Main menu, then the Metals icon, then the Precious
Metals icon to enter Precious Metals Mode.

5 Analysis Modes
Figure 18. Precious Metals Mode Ready To Test Screen
When testing metals with Au in their composition, Precious Metal Analysis returns the
metal's Karat rating.
Note - in order to use the Karat analysis with the Niton XL2 Plus analyzers, you need to set up
Karat as a pseudo-element first.
Figure 19. Precious Metals Analysis of 24 Karat Gold Showing Karat Rating
When testing metals with no Au in their composition, Precious Metal Analysis returns the
metal's Karat rating as nd (Not Detected).

5 Analysis Modes
Figure 20. Precious Metals Analysis Showing Nd Karat Rating
When testing metals with Au present, Precious Metal Analysis returns the metal's Karat rating
as rounded to the nearest Karat at the top of the list. Where the Au is listed on the Complete
List of elements, the Karat rating is displayed in full.
Figure 21. Precious Metals Analysis Showing Fractional Karat Rating
AuDIT TM
The AuDIT algorithm determines whether or not a surface is plated. AuDIT can detect
plating as thick as 8um. Since most plating is less than 2-3um, this can usually detect plated
objects. Heavily plated objects with a plating greater than 8um thick will read as Gold Plate
Not Detected.

5 Analysis Modes
Starting/Stopping AuDIT
AuDIT can be toggled on or off from your Tools Menu. This toggle is only available in
Precious Metals Mode. Selecting the AuDIT:Off button will turn AuDIT on, and change the
button to “AuDIT:On”. Selecting the AuDIT:On button will turn AuDIT off, and change the
button to “AuDIT:Off ”.
Figure 22. Precious Metals Tools Showing AuDIT:Off and AuDIT:On Buttons
AuDIT uses four separate tests run automatically to determine whether or not a sample is
plated.
1. The first test is a patent-pending method only available on Thermo Scientific Niton XRF
analyzers. This is an iterative comparison of x-ray intensity signatures, which, when it fails, is
the most likely indication of a plated item.
2. Nickel is often used as a pre-plate, and high proportions of Ni in a reading are a good
indicator of plating.
3. Platings often have a low Karat value when averaged with the substrate, so Karat values of
less than 9 are flags indicating plating.
4. A Karat rating that is not one of the standard Karat percentages - within 0.5 karat of 9kt,
10kt, 14kt, 18kt, 22kt, or 24kt (referred to as Out of Plumb) - also may indicate the presence
of plating.

5 Analysis Modes
Figure 23. Precious Metals Analysis Showing Four AuDIT Tests
Only if the sample passes all four tests is it labeled “Gold Plate Not Detected”. This does not
mean that there is no plating, but that the presence or absence of plating cannot be
determined by the analyzer.
Additional Methods of Plating Detection

Analyze the item in several different areas
Variance of more than 1-2% in Au content can be a positive indication that an item is
plated.
Look for identifying marks (hallmarks)

Compare to your results. Discrepancies may indicate that an item is plated.
Note: You may come across some Italian jewelry that has 18k gold plating over 14k gold.
This is hallmarked as 14k or 585, but will likely show 16-17k on XRF.
“Smell” the item

A metallic, copper-like smell (similar to copper-based coins such as USA pennies)
indicates the possible presence of a copper substrate under gold plating.
Use a strong magnet

A magnetic draw on the item may indicate a magnetic substrate under gold plating (gold
alloys are not magnetic).
As a final and last resort…

analyze a spot, perform a deep file or grind, and then analyze the same spot again. A
reduced gold content (more than 1-2%) indicates a thinning of the gold plating layer.

5 Analysis Modes
AuDIT Messages
Figure 24. Precious Metals Analysis Showing AuDIT Disabled
If AuDIT is not enabled, a white on black message stating “AuDIT Disabled” will display on
the Results Screen while in Precious Metals Mode.
Figure 25. Precious Metals Analysis Showing Probable Plating
If AuDIT detects what looks like gold plating on the material, a black on red message stating
“Gold Plate Probable” will display on the Results Screen.

5 Analysis Modes
Figure 26. Precious Metals Analysis Showing Suspected Plating
If AuDIT detects what may be gold plate, but isn't sure, a black on yellow message stating
“Gold Plate Suspect” will display on the Results Screen.
Figure 27. Precious Metals Analysis Showing No/Thick Plating
If AuDIT detects what is either unplated gold or very thickly plated gold, a black on white
message stating “Gold Plate Not Detected” will display on the Results Screen.

5 Analysis Modes
Figure 28. Precious Metals Analysis Showing High Ni Content
If AuDIT finds too much Nickel in the sample, a black on yellow message stating “High Ni
Content” will display on the Results Screen.
Figure 29. Precious Metals Analysis Showing Low Karat
When AuDIT finds a Karat rating less than 8.5 Karat in the sample, a black on yellow
message stating “Low Karat” will display on the results Screen.

5 Analysis Modes
Figure 30. Precious Metals Analysis Showing Non Standard Karat
When AuDIT finds a Karat rating other than the standard Karats, a black on yellow message
stating “Non-Standard Karat” will display on the results Screen.

6
Advanced Settings
Contents
• “Adjusting the Element Range” on page 66
• “Tools Menu Options” on page 72
• “NDF Files: User Data Structuring” on page 93
• “Safety Settings” on page 105
• “Camera” on page 111

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 31. The Range Menu Path (Main)
Multi-Range tests are used to either preferentially excite specific elements for increased
sensitivity, or to cover a wider element range than one Range alone can provide. Most modes,
when enabled, will use two Ranges in sequence to produce a combined analysis result. In
typical alloy analysis applications, Main Range is used for the analysis of most elements, Low
Range is utilized for the subsequent high sensitivity analysis of V, Ti, and Cr, and Light Range
is available only with 900 series GOLDD technology analyzers, and is typically used in light

6 Advanced Settings
element analysis. Multi-Range switching can be set to activate off time alone, or, when time
switching is disabled, off settings in the General Metals grade library. In most modes, Low and
Light Range add the capability to analyze light elements which cannot be efficiently excited by
Mid Range.
Figure 32. Selecting the Mode
Select the mode you wish to configure. You can set different configurations for different
modes.
The Element Range Screen enables you to directly enable or disable any Range, or control the
time that a Range alters the irradiation of the sample before auto-switching to another Range.

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 33. The Element Checkboxes
Select the checkbox next to the Range you want to use to determine exactly which of the
Ranges contained in your Analyzer is used for sample testing. Selecting an empty checkbox
will enable that range and place a check into the box as an indicator. Selecting a checked box
will disable the Range and clear the box.
In typical alloy analysis applications, Main Range is used for the analysis of most elements.
You cannot deselect the Main Range in alloy analysis
Low Range is utilized for the subsequent high sensitivity analysis of V, Ti, and Cr.

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 34. The Range Element Lists
Select the Element List Button to display the Element List for that Range. This list shows the
elements that the Range is best designed to detect.

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 35. The Range Time Fields
Select the Range Time field for the intended range to change the switch time for that range.
The Range Time Editor will appear. This enables you to set the number of seconds each
enabled range is allotted before auto-switching will occur when needed during sample testing.
Your analyzer will auto-switch from one range to another when the testing time for that range
is greater than or equal to the time you have chosen, and the identified alloy is flagged as
needing the switch in the Niton Alloy Library.

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 36. The Range Time Editor
Select the C button to clear the current time, then from the virtual numeric key pad, select
each digit you want to input, then select the E button to enter.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Tools Menu Options

The following options can be performed from the Tools Menu. Options which are only on
the main Tools Menu are listed as (Main). Those which can be found only on the alternate
Tools Menu are listed as (Alt).
• Main Tools menu: from home screen select Sample Type > General Metals (or any mode)
• Alternate Tools menu: from a reading screen select Tools.
Alternate
Tools menu
Main Tools
menu
Avg Forward
Enables you to average different readings together from this analysis forward. Select the Avg
Forward button to initiate future sample averaging. Avg Forward will set up an automatic
personal averaging protocol to be followed until your analyzer is shut down, or this feature is
disabled. To begin, select the number of readings you want to average from the virtual
numeric keypad. Your analyzer will calculate an average reading after that number of tests, and
continue this pattern until stopped. If you select to average forward 3 readings, and you take 3
readings, the analyzer will store the individual readings. Analyzer will then automatically
calculate the average of the 3 readings and store an averaged reading.
The maximum number of readings for average forward function is 99.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Figure 37. Example Averaging Screens
Avg Back (Alt)

Note The alternate Tools Menu is only available when viewing readings, and the menu is only
accessible through the touch screen interface or NDTr.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Enables you to average different readings together from this analysis backward. Select the Avg
Back option to initiate backwards sample averaging. Avg Back will take the number of
readings you select and average their analytical results. The range is counted from the last
reading backward by the number of readings selected. If your last reading was #15, selecting 3
would average readings #13, 14, and 15. The average is calculated, displayed, and stored into
memory as the next sequential reading number, in this case, #16.
The maximum number of readings for average forward function is 99.
Note You cannot average readings taken in different modes. Doing this will generate an error.
Figure 38. The Virtual Numeric Keypad
Spectrum:On/Spectrum:Off
The Tools Menu contains a toggle option to display live spectra as sample analysis occurs.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Figure 39. Example Analysis Screen Showing Live Spectrum
Print (Alt)
Select the Print option from the Tools Menu to print the current analysis screen to any
attached Bluetooth printer. If you do not have a portable printer attached to your analyzer,
nothing will happen.
Set Pass/Fail
You can set up your analyzer to sort on a pass/fail basis. Pass/Fail uses the chemistry of a
user-generated list of alloys in the library as a basis for comparison. If the sample analysis is
entirely within the specifications for one of these alloys, a PASS result is given, otherwise a
FAIL result is returned. To turn on Pass/Fail, select the Tools Menu and select Set Pass/Fail
from the menu. The Pass/Fail Setup Screen will come up.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Figure 40. Set Pass/Fail Screen
Add/Remove (Toggle)
Select alloys from the Available list and then the Add Button to move the alloy to the Selected
List. Select alloys from the Selected list and then the Remove Button to remove the alloys
from the Selected List.
Pass
Select the Pass Single button to initiate Pass Mode. Use Pass Mode when you have a desirable
match. If the alloy being analyzed matches one of the alloys in the selected list, the alloy will
Pass the analysis.
Fail
Select the Fail button to initiate Fail Mode. Use Fail Single Mode when you have an
undesirable match. If the alloy being analyzed matches one of the alloys in the selected list, the
alloy will Fail the analysis.
Setting the Reference Alloys for Pass or Fail

Before you use Pass or Fail mode, you need to set the Reference Alloys. Select the alloy or
alloys from the slide down menu on the Pass Fail Setup Screen, then select the Add button.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Figure 41. . The Pass Fail Setup Screen
Searching for Reference Alloys

Select the Search button to search the library for the alloy you want as your Reference Alloy.
Figure 42. Using the Search Function
Type the name of your reference alloy into the Virtual Keyboard, and the left column will
display any matches. Select the match you want and the Add button to make it your reference
alloy.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
How Pass/Fail Works

To reach Metals Pass/Fail go to Home screen > Sample Type > Metals > Metals Pass/Fail.
Pass/Fail compares the chemistry to that of the alloy(s) selected, using the cutoff you selected.
When the sample analysis reaches a match with the chemistry of any one of the alloys on the
Selected list, a PASS or FAIL notice is generated as appropriate.
Figure 43. Metals Pass and Fail Screens
Alloy Display
The Alloy Display selection allows you to display the number of alloy library matches
displayed during analysis and in readings.
• Hide Alloy Matches - displays no match at all
• Show 1st Match - displays the best alloy match
• Show 1st & 2nd Matches - displays the 2nd alloy match when the match quality between
the 2 alloys is close in value
 To set alloy display
1. Select a mode to edit.

2. Select Tools from the Ready to Test screen.
3. Select Alloy Display, then choose a display setting.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
4. Save your changes.
The alloy display can also be changed after a reading completes.
Match Quality
When Alloy Display is set to show matches, the match quality is color coded as shown below.
Switch Library (Main)

Switch Library is available only on General Metals mode. There are 2 libraries: 800 Alloy
Library and 900 Alloy Library.
Enable/Disable Al
Normally, the collective amount of unquantifiable light elements in alloy analysis - the
“balance” - is assumed to be aluminum and labeled as such in the analysis. Selecting the
Disable Al button from the Tools Menu will delete this “aluminum” from the analysis results,
showing only the quantified elements. Selecting the Enable Al button, the default state, will
label this “balance” as “aluminum”.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Thickness Correction
Thickness Correction is used only in Plastics mode. Plastics, and polymers in general, unlike
metals or soil, are very weak absorbers of X rays. This is because polymers are composed
mainly of very light elements such as carbon and hydrogen. While just half a millimeter of
steel will completely stop 23.1 keV energy X rays of cadmium, for example, it takes at least
10mm of plasticized PVC and as much as 100mm of polyethylene (PE) to do so. Fortunately,
polymers that may contain cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and other restricted elements would also
contain considerable quantity of elements such as antimony (Sb), bromine (Br), titanium
(Ti), etc. Their presence results in much stronger absorption of X rays which means that,
instead of 100mm, it takes only about 15mm of compounded PE to achieve saturation
thickness for these X rays. If the thickness of analyzed polymer sample is less than 5mm for
PVC or less than about 9mm for a “typical” PE, the measured intensity of X rays will be a
function of both analyte concentration and sample thickness. This is why measurements
performed on thin samples (less than saturation thickness) need to be corrected for thickness.
How to apply Thickness Correction.

In order for the instrument to apply thickness correction to the measured concentration
results, the user must be using the Thickness Correction screen and enter the thickness of the
analyzed plastic object expressed in [mm] before the measurement is initiated. The thickness
may be entered with precision to the second decimal place, although in practice only one
decimal place is sufficient for effective correction.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Figure 44. How to Enable and Adjust Thickness Correction for Plastics Analysis

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
When to use Thickness Correction

Thickness Correction should only be used during the analysis of plastic (polymer) objects. It
has been experimentally verified that the correction algorithm will yield satisfactory results,
for a 60 second minimum testing time, for samples as thin as 0.3mm. Nevertheless, the
recommended range of use of the correction is from 1mm upwards. It is imperative that this
correction is not used for thin films such as single foils and plastic membranes; analysis of thin
films is performed using the Thin Sample Mode. Contact Thermo Scientific or your local
Niton Analyzers representative for information on this testing mode.)
Whenever possible, one should analyze as thick a sample as available. For example, if the
analyzed object is a piece of heat-shrink tubing with wall thickness of 0.3mm, the best way to
analyze it is to obtain several pieces of the tubing (four for example) and stack them like a flat
sandwich, with the thickness correction set to 1.2mm. Doing so makes for faster and more
precise analyses. While it would be possible to analyze just a single layer of the tubing with
correction at 0.3 mm, by stacking several layers we reduce the relative error of measurement
(by a factor approximately equal to the square root of the number of layers). Conversely, when
analyzing thinner samples, we need to extend the measurement time fourfold (by the number
of layers) in order to maintain the same relative error of measurement. We can see how
quickly measurement time would escalate to impractical levels for thinner samples.
Examples: The most frequent instances in which thickness correction would be called for are
analyses of plastic sheeting or plastic insulation on wires and/or cables and heat shrink tubing.
Flat plastic sheeting or plastic enclosures pose no problems. We can either analyze an object
“as is”, or stack several layers of it before analysis. Plastic insulation such as that on wiring or
cables requires a little more sophisticated approach. First, the wire must be removed so that
only insulation is analyzed. Then, the insulation should be flattened for analysis, and a
thickness correction should be applied that is equal to double the wall thickness. Alternatively,
if the insulation is stiff, it should be cut lengthwise into strands which are placed on the
instrument for analysis. The applied thickness correction should be equal to the wall thickness
of the sleeve. Both operations are shown in Figure 37 and Figure 38.
Figure 45. Wire Insulation Cut Into Strands

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Figure 46. PVC Wire Insulation With Conductor Removed
A piece of large diameter heat shrink tubing presents an interesting case. It is tempting to
analyze this object as is - see Figure 39. However, one needs to know that while lead or
bromine or chromium X-rays from the upper wall of tubing will not contribute to the signal
measured, X rays of such elements as cadmium, antimony, tin or barium in the upper wall will
significantly contribute to overall signal. It is therefore imperative to either flatten the tubing
for analysis or cut it in pieces and then analyze as shown in Figure 40.
Figure 47. . Incorrect Way to Measure Heat Shrink Tubing
Figure 48. . Correct Way to Measure Heat Shrink Tubing

WARNING Thickness correction is only for use with plastic/polymer samples.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Enable/Disable Paint
Selecting the Enable Paint option from the Tools Menu will enable the Painted Products
mode and toggle the option to Disable Paint. Selecting the Disable Paint option will disable
Painted Products mode and toggle the option to Enable Paint.
Action Level
Action Level is available only from the Lead Paint modes. Selecting the Action Level option
from the Tools Menu will enable you to change the action level used for qualitative testing.
Print Data
Selecting the Print Data option from the Tools Menu will print the currently displayed data to
the optional attached printer. See “Print (Alt)” on page 75 for details.
Coatings Method
Metals are sometimes coated with various materials. If you wish to analyze the coating, select
the Coatings Method. Coatings Analysis Mode is an optional mode which can be purchased
and added to your analyzer.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Passwords and User Privileges

For a list of user privileges see the screen in Figure 56. Install the latest version of Niton
software (NDT) on your PC, if possible. You may obtain the latest version of NDT by
contacting service at 800-875-1578.
1. You can check the version number by opening NDT, selecting the Help menu, then
selecting “About Niton Data Transfer”
Figure 49. Selecting Help

2. Select the File menu
Figure 50. Selecting File

3. Select “New” then “New Password File”. Your screen should look like this:

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Figure 51. Creating the Security Key

4. Create a unique security key, then select the OK Button
Figure 52. Security Key
5. Your screen should look like this:

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Figure 53. User Account Creation Screen

6. Right click, then select “New User”
Figure 54. User Creation Dialog Box

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
7. Enter a user name and password, then select the privileges assigned to this user. Selecting
the Check All check box will result in enabling all features.
Figure 55. . Creating a User

WARNING it is recommended that only users at the highest level have access to the “Safety”
feature. This should be unchecked for all other operators.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Figure 56. Unchecking Safety
8. Select the Update Button
Figure 57. User is Created
a. You are now ready to upload your password file to the analyzer.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
9. Be sure the analyzer is switched on; connect the analyzer using USB or serial connection.
10. Select the Upload icon.
Figure 58. Selecting Upload

11. Your screen should look like this:

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Figure 59. Selecting Upload

12. Select the Settings Button and choose the comm port that your analyzer is connect to.
13. Select the Connect Button, then the Upload Button.
14. Upon completion, you will receive a “File Upload Successfully Completed” message.
15. Click the OK Button; save your password file at this time by selecting the File icon then
“Save As.

6 Advanced Settings
Tools Menu Options
Figure 60. Successful Installation Message

16. Restart your analyzer; your password file should be successfully installed.

6 Advanced Settings
NDF Files: User Data Structuring

Creating New User-Defined Fields
You can create your own data entry fields for your Niton analyzer customized to your own
needs and usage. These fields are saved in a special format called an NDF (Niton Data File)
file. To create a new NDF file, select the File menu, then select New, then select New NDF
File.
Figure 61. Creating a New NDF File
This will create a new window in which you can create your own fields, and specify their
structure and parameters. The new window will appear with a single box, called “Untitled.”

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 62. NDF File Work Area
By right-clicking on this box, you can access a pop-up menu allowing you to set the mode of
the new data fields. Select New Mode to access the menu.
Figure 63. Selecting New Mode
The Mode you select will be the Mode within which the new data entry fields will appear. If
you have multiple Modes enabled on your analyzer, the new fields will only be available from
the Mode you select. Only the default fields will be available from the other Mode or Modes.

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 64. Selecting Mode
When you select the Mode for the new data fields, the Construction Window will change to
look like this:
Figure 65. Working within a Mode
The “M” indicates the mode you have chosen - in this case Alloy Mode. Right click on the
Mode name to access a pop-up menu.

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 66. Mode Pop-Up Menu
Select New Field from the menu, and a blank new field will appear in the construction
window.
Figure 67. Adding a New Field
Right clicking on the New Field box will bring up another pop-up menu. This menu gives
you various options for using the field in your operations.
Selecting Required makes it mandatory that the new field be filled in prior to taking a
measurement. This is very useful for necessary descriptors which vary from measurement to
measurement, such as lot numbers, condition descriptors, locations, etc.

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 68. Making Fields Required
Selecting the Incremental option sets up a field which increments the field descriptor by one
for each measurement taken. This option is handy for measuring several items with identical
descriptors, such as samples within a single lot, or several instances of the same part number,
because it appends the incremental number to the descriptor.
For example: P/N 455A2-1, P/N 455A2-2, P/N 455A2-3.
Another Example: Impeller-1, Impeller-2, Impeller-3.
Figure 69. Making Fields Incremental

6 Advanced Settings
Selecting Clear Every Reading will toggle between two states. By default, the field will fill with
the data which was input during the last reading. By selecting Clear Every Reading, you tell
the instrument to clear the data from the field for each new reading, insuring that the person
taking the reading must input new data each time. This is very useful for times when the data
descriptor is expected to vary widely between readings.
Figure 70. Clearing Data for New Readings
The state of each of these options can be seen in the Field Status Window at the bottom of the
Construction Window. All options in effect for the field selected are checked.
Figure 71. Field Status Window - Default
This shows a field with no options in effect, the default configuration. This is a field that will
present the previous reading’s data for this field - which may be changed by the user - without
incrementing it, but does not require the user to input any data if there is none already there
from a previous reading.

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 72. Field Status Window - Options Enabled
This shows a field with both Required and Clear Every Reading options in effect. This
presents a field that is cleared for each reading, and must be filled in by the user before a
reading is taken.
Selecting Edit from the pop-up menu allows you to edit the name of the field in the Editing
Window to the right of the Construction Window.
Figure 73. Editing the Field Name
Selecting the box to the left of the field toggles the Required option on or off.

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 74. Toggling the Required Option
Selecting Copy from the pop-up window allows you to copy the currently selected field.

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 75. Copying the Current Field
Once you copy a field, the Paste option can be selected to paste the copied field into the
Construction Window.
Figure 76. Pasting a Copied Field
Selecting the New Entry option from the pop-up menu allows you to define a choice for the
user for this field.

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 77. Creating a New Entry
This is a New Entry in the Construction Window.
Figure 78. New Entry in the Construction Window
The “E” is for “Entry.” You can edit the entry once it is created, the same way as you edit the
field name. Right click on the entry name, and choose Edit from the pop-up menu.
Figure 79. Editing the New Entry
You can sort your entries by name, alphanumerically, by right clicking on the field and
selecting “Sort” from the pop-up menu.

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 80. Sorting Entries
To delete a field or entry, just right click on the item you wish to delete, and select Delete
From the pop-up menu.
Figure 81. Deleting Fields and Entries
When you are finished creating your new NDF file, Upload it to your instrument using the
Upload icon.
Figure 82. Uploading the NDF File
Make sure the instrument is connected to your computer by testing the connection first. Use
the Test button on the Upload Window.

6 Advanced Settings
Figure 83. Testing the Upload Connection

6 Advanced Settings
Safety Settings
Safety Settings
Access to the Safety Settings Screen is blocked unless the user logging in has explicitly been
granted Safety access. The default login of 1234 does not have Safety access. See Passwords
and User Privileges.
Using the proximity

button helps protect The interlock button
against back scatter requires 2 handed
radiation. operation to take a
reading.
The orange interlock
button is located on the See “Navigation” on
nose of the instrument, page 6 for the
at the very bottom. interlock button
location.
Figure 84. Safety Settings Menu Path

6 Advanced Settings
Safety Settings
The Safety Settings Screen enables you to change the Method of Operation for your
analyzer. Each checkbox on the screen enables or disables the safety device named for purposes
of the preconditions for operation. For example, checking the Proximity Button Required
checkbox sets the engagement of the Proximity Sensor as a precondition for operation.
Checking the Proximity Button Required checkbox and the Interlock Button Required
checkbox sets the engagement of both the Proximity Button and the Interlock Button as
preconditions for operation.
Safety settings always override start-stop settings. If your safety setting requires the use of the
Proximity Button, you cannot set start-stop settings which ignore the Proximity Button. For
example, the Easy Trigger start-stop setting must have the Backscatter safety setting enabled.
While using Easy Trigger, you cannot disable Backscatter.
WARNING The backscatter sensor is enabled by default and acts as a recommended safety
feature for most applications. Some sample types, however, cannot be analyzed when this
feature is enabled. Samples that present very little mass to the analysis window, such as certain
thin films, thin layers of plastic, and very thin wires, may not be of sufficient mass to allow the
analysis to continue while backscatter is enabled. One should disable the backscatter feature
only when necessary to analyze such low mass samples, and re-enable the feature when
finished with these sample types. These samples also provide very little absorption of the
primary x-ray beam so it is typically most appropriate to analyze these samples in a test stand
when possible.

6 Advanced Settings
Safety Settings
Start/Stop Setup
Figure 85. The Start/Stop Settings Menu Path
The Start/Stop Setting Screen enables you to change the preconditions for operation at a
lower level than the Safety level. See Safety Settings for more information. Start/Stop settings
cannot contradict Safety settings.
The Start/Stop parameter options are Proximity Start and Remote Trigger. There is also a field
to set the maximum time for sample analysis before the analysis stops.

6 Advanced Settings
Safety Settings
Proximity Start
Select the Proximity Start checkbox to use the Proximity Start parameters. Using Proximity
Start, once the reading has been started, release of the Proximity Button will immediately stop
the analysis. You cannot use Proximity Start with Easy Trigger.
Remote Trigger
Select the Remote Trigger checkbox to use the Remote Trigger parameters. Remote Trigger is
used with the Extend-a-Pole accessory to control the analysis. With the Extend-a-Pole's input
cable connected to the analyzer's Remote Trigger port, you can initiate and stop analysis
remotely from the Extend-a-Pole's handle trigger. You can use Remote Trigger with either
Proximity Start or with Easy Trigger.
Max Time Field
Figure 86. The Max Test Time Editor
Select the Max Time field to change the maximum analysis time parameter.

6 Advanced Settings
Safety Settings
Methods of Operation
CAUTION After being powered on, your Niton Analyzer will perform an internal
re-calibration before an analysis is initiated.
There are six different methods of operation for taking a sample measurement, and your
analyzer will be configured to use one of those methods for alloy samples, depending on the
regulatory requirements of your locality. These methods are:
• Trigger-Only method. With the Trigger-Only method, you only need to place the
measurement window flush with the sample to be analyzed and pull the trigger for sample
analysis to be initiated.
• Trigger-and-Proximity-Sensor method. With the Trigger-and-Proximity-Sensor method,
you must place the measurement window against the sample to be analyzed to engage the
proximity sensor on the front of the analyzer, then pull the trigger for sample analysis to
be initiated.
• Momentary-Trigger-Touch-and-Proximity-Sensor method. With the
Momentary-Trigger-Touch-and-Proximity-Sensor method, you must place the
measurement window against the surface to be analyzed to engage the proximity sensor
on the front of the analyzer, then pull the trigger. The trigger may be released and the
reading will continue until you release the proximity button, or other criteria (such as
Max Time) are reached.
• Trigger-and-Interlock method. With the Trigger-and-Interlock method, you need to
place the measurement window close to the sample to be analyzed, press and keep
pressing the interlock button at the rear of the analyzer with your free hand, then pull the
trigger for sample analysis to be initiated. The interlock button is located at the very
center of the keypad, in between the left/right, up/down arrows.
• Trigger-Interlock-and-Proximity-Sensor method. With the
Trigger-Interlock-and-Proximity-Sensor method, you must place the measurement
window against the sample to be analyzed to engage the proximity sensor on the front of
the analyzer, press and keep pressing the interlock button at the rear of the analyzer with
your free hand, then pull the trigger for sample analysis to be initiated.
• Easy Trigger method. With the Easy trigger method, you need only place the
measurement window against the sample area and pull the trigger once to initiate a
sample analysis. Your analyzer will continuously sample the backscatter, using a complex
internal algorithm, to determine if the measurement window is against a sample or
pointing to the empty air. If it finds that there is no sample directly against the
measurement window, the analyzer will stop directing radiation through the window as
soon as this determination is made.
The analyzer is constantly checking the backscatter characteristics to determine if a sample is

against the measurement window, whether or not the Easy Trigger method is being used, and
will shut off any radiation directed through the window if it determines that there is no
sample present.

6 Advanced Settings
Safety Settings
With any of these methods, analysis will stop if any one of the preconditions are violated. For
example, with the Trigger-Interlock-and-Proximity-Sensor method, if the trigger or the
Proximity Sensor or the Interlock is released, the reading will stop immediately, and the X-ray
tube will shut down.
After your analyzer is calibrated, initiate a sample reading using the appropriate method. If
you attempt to initiate a sample reading using a different method, the analyzer will inform
you that one or more of the preconditions need to be met in order for sample analysis to
begin.
Note The LED lights will blink whenever the x-ray tube is on.
WARNING The nose should not be touched during sample testing and calibration. If an ESD
event occurs during measurement, the instrument may terminate the testing in progress and
automatically reset to LogOn screen. Any test data collected prior to reset will be lost and the
testing may have to be repeated.
WARNING The preconditions for operation must be continued for the duration of the
reading. If the preconditions are violated, the x-ray tube will turn off, the calibration shutter
will close, and the measurement will end. The LED lights will stop blinking when the
measurement is ended. The flashing of the LED lights is not synchronized to minimize
power consumption.
To end the test, simply release the trigger mechanism, or any other applicable preconditions.

6 Advanced Settings
Camera
Camera
The Camera feature is only usable with properly configured analyzers.
If your analyzer is equipped with an internal video camera, you can turn that camera on and
off, and turn the saving of images with the readings on and off through an interface. When
the camera is on, the image will show in the Ready to Test screen. If the camera is off, saving
of images will also be off. If the camera is on and the image saving function is also on, the
images will automatically be saved with the reading. Saving images will curtail the maximum
number of readings stored.
How to Use the Camera

When a Camera equipped analyzer is in the Ready to Test screen, the video feed appears live
on the analyzer’s touch screen. This is the image that can be saved with the sample analysis.
When you take a measurement, if you choose to do so, the bitmap image will be saved on the
analyzer along with the analysis results. The interface is accessible through the System menu.

6 Advanced Settings
Camera
Figure 87. The Camera Menu Path

6 Advanced Settings
Camera
Figure 88. Setting Up the Camera View and Image Saving
Selecting the empty checkbox next to Enable Camera will turn the internal camera on,
displaying the camera view in the Ready to Test screen. Selecting the checkbox again turns the
camera off. Enable Camera is enabled by default.
Selecting the empty checkbox next to Save Image will enable image saving with the analysis.
Selecting the checkbox again will disable automatic saving of image data. Save Image is
enabled by default.
Stored camera images from previous measurements can be viewed on the analyzer.

6 Advanced Settings
Camera

7
Data Management
Contents
• “Viewing Data” on page 115
• “Viewing Fingerprints” on page 122
• “Erasing Data, Readings, or Fingerprints” on page 123
• “Managing Libraries” on page 125
Viewing Data
Figure 89. The View Data Menu Path
Use the Data Screen to view previously taken test result readings. When the View Data icon is
selected, the Results screen of your most recent test is shown on the Touch Screen.

7 Data Management
Viewing Data
Figure 90. The View Data Screen
Using the buttons on the control panel, you may view different readings or additional data for
individual readings. Your analyzer will display the standard screen analysis. Pressing the Down
Button on the 4-way touch pad will display a complete scrolling elemental chemistry listing.
Each press of the Down Button scrolls the screen down to the next element. You can also use
the scroll bar along the right side to scroll or page through the elements.
Scrolling Down Through the Complete Listing of Elements

Pressing the Left Button on the 4-way touch pad of your analyzer will display the previous
reading, or if the first reading is currently displayed, the last reading. Pressing the Right
Button on the 4-way touch pad will display the next reading, or if the last reading is currently
displayed, the first reading in memory. Your analyzer can store up to 10,000 readings. You can
also look at the complete x-ray spectra for each reading stored in the analyzer's memory.
Sorting Elements
You can sort element rows by various criteria in order to view your data in the manner you
prefer. The Sort Buttons, which double as column headings, can be used to re-sort the data in
different ways. The default data screen displays the standard sort, as defined on “Advanced
Settings / Element Sorting”. Selecting the appropriate Sort Button once toggles the sort order
to High-to-Low. Selecting the Sort Button again toggles the sort order to Low-to-High. To
return to the Standard Sort, select the Sort Button a third time.

7 Data Management
Viewing Data
Figure 91. Standard, High-to-Low, and Low-to-High Composition Sorts
Element Sorts
Element sorts are performed alphabetically based on the element symbol.
Composition Sorts
Composition sorts are performed numerically based on the percentage of composition, i.e.
from lowest to highest concentration, or by toggling again, from highest to lowest.
Error Sorts
Error sorts are performed based on the size of the error in the reading, i.e. from largest to
smallest error, or by toggling again, from smallest to largest.

7 Data Management
Viewing Data
Figure 92. Element, Composition, and Error Sorts
Spectrum Graph
For any reading result, simply use the NAV Menu to gain access to the reading’s spectrum
graph. Selecting Spectra will show a graphed spectrum of this reading, called SpectraView.
SpectraView can be a useful tool for rapid, qualitative analysis of a sample. See Viewing the
Spectrum for details.
Figure 93. The SpectraView Screen

7 Data Management
Viewing Data
Viewing the Spectrum
SpectraView
SpectraView enables you to visually inspect the fluorescent x-ray peaks obtained from any
sample and qualitatively identify them using the on-board software. In SpectraView Mode,
the spectrum is displayed using a linear energy scale along the x-axis, with the count rate
autoscaled logarithmically on the y-axis so that the highest peak on the screen reaches the top
of the scale.
How to Use SpectraView

You can access the SpectraView screen after taking a measurement in any mode, or while
viewing a previous measurement, by selecting Spectra from the NAV Menu. Once you are in
SpectraView, you can use the up and down positions of the 4-way touch pad to scroll through
the spectrum, or you can tap on the spectrum display with the stylus to place the cursor at the
point you tapped. The vertical cursor line indicates the current position along the spectrum.
Viewing the Information in SpectraView Mode
Figure 94. The SpectraView Screen
By default, the following information is shown along with the spectrum:

• The Reading number (Bottom Left) in the form “Read:x”, where x is the Reading
number.
• The position of the cursor on the energy scale (Bottom Left, under the Reading
number), in the form “E: x.xx KeV”, where KeV is kilo electron volts.
• The count rate (Bottom Left, under the energy position), in the form “R:x.xx”.

7 Data Management
Viewing Data
• Ka, Kb, La, Lb, and/or Lg peaks of the three elements closest to where your cursor is
positioned on the energy scale (Bottom Right). This information is written with the
element symbol first, followed by either Ka (K shell alpha peak), Kb (K shell beta
peak), La (L shell alpha peak), La (L shell beta peak), or Lg (L shell gamma peak). An
example would be “Al Ka 1.48." To determine if a given element is present, look at
the count rate at that cursor position.
Note SpectraView cannot be used to determine exact element percentages in a sample.
Fitting the Spectrum

By using the touch screen, you can select parts of the displayed spectrum and zoom in. Touch
and hold the stylus to the screen immediately before the area of the spectrum you wish to
enhance, then - still holding the stylus to the screen - sweep it across the area of the spectrum
you wish to see closer, lifting the stylus from the screen when you pass the end of the area of
interest. The screen will display vertical lines to either side of the area of interest, delineating
the boundaries of the area.
Figure 95. Delineating the Area of Interest
Select the FIT button in the upper right hand corner of the Spectrum to fit the area of interest
to the display area.

7 Data Management
Viewing Data
Figure 96. Area of Interest Fit to the Display
The view of the spectrum will change to show only the area of interest.
Multiple Ranges
SpectraView can display any individual spectra, including those obtained from multiple
Ranges (filters) if you are using more than one Range. Use the NAV Menu to select which
spectrum to view.
The Spectra1 choice will display the spectrum produced by the first Range.
The Spectra2 choice will display the spectrum produced by the second Range.
SpectraView Navigation
Use the left button on the 4-way touch pad to expand the spectrum, centered on the position
of the cursor.
Use the right button on the 4-way touch pad to contract the spectrum, centered on the
position of the cursor.

7 Data Management
Viewing Fingerprints
Viewing Fingerprints
Figure 97. The View Fingerprints Menu Path
Select the View Fingerprints icon to view data saved as reference sample Fingerprints in Teach
Fingerprint Mode. When the View Fingerprints icon is selected, the Results Screen of your
most recent Teach Fingerprint is shown on the Touch Screen display.
Figure 98. The View Fingerprints Screen

7 Data Management
Erasing Data, Readings, or Fingerprints

The Erase screens are shown below.
Figure 99. The Erase All Data Menu Path

7 Data Management
Erase All Data

Select the Erase All Data icon to erase all data, including signatures and readings, from your
analyzer. Selecting the Erase All Data icon will bring up a confirmation screen asking you “Are
you sure?” with options to select “YES” or “NO”. Selecting the Yes Button will erase all data
from your analyzer. Selecting the No Button will return you to the Erase Menu.
Erase Readings
Select the Erase Readings icon to erase all accumulated test readings from your analyzer.
Selecting the Erase Readings icon will bring up a confirmation screen asking you “Are you
sure?” with options to select “YES” or “NO”. Selecting the Yes Button will erase all test
reading data from your analyzer. Selecting the No Button will return you to the Erase Menu.
Erase Fingerprints
Select the Erase Fingerprints icon to erase all accumulated alloy fingerprints from your
analyzer. Selecting the Erase Fingerprints icon will bring up a confirmation screen asking you
“Are you sure?” with options to select “YES” or “NO”. Selecting the Yes Button will erase all
fingerprint data from your analyzer. Selecting the No Button will return you to the Erase
Menu.

7 Data Management
Managing Libraries
Managing Libraries
Figure 100. The Manage Libraries Menu Path
Select the Manage Libraries icon to access the Library Management Menu. The Library
Management Menu allows you to view and modify data in the Primary Library as well as the
currently loaded alternate libraries. Just select the library you wish to view or edit from the list
on screen.

7 Data Management
Managing Libraries
Figure 101. Viewing the Libraries
The entries in the Grade Library serve as a reference for chemistry based analysis. The library
entries allow the analyzer to work properly “out of the box” without needing time-consuming
pre-analysis.
Figure 102. The Library Editor

7 Data Management
Managing Libraries
Using the Library Editor

The Library Editor enables you to edit any library to conform to your specifications.
Alloy Name Button

Selecting the Alloy Name Button sorts the alloy list alphanumerically.
(Name in List)
Selecting the actual name of the alloy - i.e. “Fe/CS” - will bring up the Element Specification
Screen.
Add Button
Selecting the Add Button will add a new alloy to the Library. First the Alloy Name Editor will
appear, enabling you to enter the name of the new alloy.
Figure 103. The Alloy Name Editor
The Alloy Name Editor is a standard Virtual Keyboard. Use it as you would any Virtual
Keyboard. Hitting the return key enters the name into the alloy list. Select the name of the
new alloy to bring up the Element Specification Screen and enter the specification of the alloy.
Del Button
Selecting the Del Button will delete the currently selected alloy. First a confirmation screen
appears.

7 Data Management
Managing Libraries
Figure 104. Confirmation Screen
Selecting the Yes Button will delete the alloy from the list. Selecting the No Button will return
you to the Alloy List.
The Element Specification Screen

The Element Specification Screen allows you to edit the elemental content of any alloy.
Library name
Alloy name
Minimum or
Maximum
Element to be
percentages
edited
Figure 105. The Element Specification Screen

7 Data Management
Managing Libraries
Library Name
This is the name of the library you are editing. Make sure you are editing the correct library
before proceeding further.
Alloy Name
This is the name of the alloy you are editing. Make sure you are editing the correct alloy
before proceeding further.
Element to be Edited
This is the element you need to edit for this alloy.
Minimum Percentage
This is the lowest amount of the element in question you want to be in the alloy. If the
element in the analyzed sample is any lower, the sample will not be recognized as this alloy.
Selecting the element minimum will open the Minimum Editor.
Maximum Percentage
This is the highest amount of the element in question you want to be in the alloy. If the
element in the analyzed sample is any higher, the sample will not be recognized as this alloy.
Selecting the element maximum will open the Maximum Editor.

7 Data Management
Managing Libraries

8
Connectivity
Contents
• “Installing the Windows 7 USB Driver” on page 131
• “Using a USB Cable to Connect Your Analyzer” on page 136
• “Downloading Data” on page 136
This section discusses how to connect your computer and your analyzer, for data transfer and
integration, translation to other formats, data storage and security, as well as controlling your
analyzer remotely through your computer. Connection can be achieved via USB.
Installing the Windows 7 USB Driver

NOTE: Other versions of the Windows Operating System do not require the USB driver.
1. Insert the NDT CD and close out any dialogue box that pops up. The driver is located on
this disk.

8 Connectivity
2. Click on “Control Panel” and locate the “Device Manager”. If it is not available directly
under “Control Panel”, look under “System and Security” then “System”.

8 Connectivity
3. Open “Device Manager”

4. Plug in instrument using the USB cable provided
5. Message will appear “Device Driver Software Not Successfully Installed”
6. In “Device Manager”, “Unknown Device” will appear under “Other Devices”
7. Right click on “Unknown Devices”; select “Update Driver Software”

8 Connectivity
8. Click on “Browse My Computer for Driver Software”

8 Connectivity
9. Click “Browse” button; select CD drive or the location of the driver if you are not
installing from the NDT CD (recommended).
10. Click “OK”

11. Click “Next”

8 Connectivity
Using a USB Cable to Connect Your Analyzer
12. A Security Dialog Box will appear. Select “Install This Driver Software Anyway?”
13. Driver will install; close out.
Using a USB Cable to Connect Your Analyzer

To connect the XL2 Plus Analyzer to your PC using the USB cable:
1. Insert the Standard USB connector on the USB cable into a USB port on your computer.
2. Open the Port Cover on the XRF Analyzer.
3. Turn on the analyzer and insert the mini USB connector on the USB cable into the USB
port in the handle of the XRF Analyzer.
Downloading Data
Standard Download
To download data you have collected off line:
1. Make sure that the XRF Analyzer is connected to your computer.
2. Turn on the XRF Analyzer.

8 Connectivity
Downloading Data
Note Wait at least 30 seconds after turning on the XRF Analyzer to begin downloading files.
The System Start screens do not allow downloading.
3. Start Niton Data Transfer.
NOTE: Niton Data Transfer and NDTr cannot both be open at the same time.
4. Click the Download button. The Download dialog box will open.
Figure 106. The Download Button

5. In the Download dialog box, Select the Test button to test the serial connection to the
Analyzer.
Figure 107. The Test Button

6. You should get a pop-up window informing you that the connection tested successfully. If
the test fails, there is a problem with your serial port setup. Click Settings and select
another communication port.

8 Connectivity
Downloading Data
Figure 108. Communication Port Window

7. In the Download dialog box, click the Connect button.
Figure 109. The Connect Button

8. Click the Query Readings button. This will return a list of all current readings on your
analyzer. The list appears in the large white box in the Download dialog box.

8 Connectivity
Downloading Data
Figure 110. Current Reading List

9. Select the readings that you want to download. There are two ways to do this.
a. Click the boxes next to each of the reading numbers to select or de-select individual
readings. You can select a range of readings by pressing the shift key, then selecting
the first and last reading in the range. All readings from the first reading selected to
the last will then be selected.
Figure 111. Selecting Readings

b. Click the boxes on the left to select or de-select all the readings of a specific type. You
can also use the Shift-Click method of selecting a range of readings as described
above.

8 Connectivity
Downloading Data
Figure 112. Using Check Boxes
10. The download generates a data file containing the selected readings. To save the file for
later use:
c. Enter the path for the file in the Destination Folder field. You can use the ... button
to browse.
Figure 113. The Browse Button

d. Enter a name for the file in the File Name field.
CAUTION Some characters are not allowed in the file name. Characters such as the “#” sign
will cause an error. Niton recommends using only alphanumeric characters “-”, “_” and the
space character when naming a file.
e. Click the Download button.

8 Connectivity
Downloading Data
Figure 114. The Download Button
When the progress bar shows that all the readings are downloaded, click the Done button.
Figure 115. The Progress Bar

8 Connectivity
Downloading Data
You should now see the readings you selected for download displayed, one reading per
horizontal line. The data has been saved to the folder and filename you indicated prior to
downloading. If an error message has appeared, see the following section.
You can also automatically save reports in .csv format for importing into Excel or other
programs.Simultaneous Save as CSV File
Table 8: Error Messages while Downloading
Error Message Action

Couldn't open \\.\COM7 Error Select another COM port.
Code: 2
The port \\.\COM2 is in use Select another COM port.
Please Open the Port Click the Connect button.
Hardware Not Responding Turn on the XRF Analyzer.
or If you are using a serial cable, check that the cable is
Hardware Not Ready inserted snugly.
If you are using a serial cable, select the other COM
port.
If you are using the wireless USB adapter, connect the
serial port. See the “Installing and Using Bluetooth”
manual for complete instructions on setting up the
Bluetooth adapter to work with your analyzer.
Check that the spare battery is fully charged.
The Serial Port connection failed: Check that the battery is fully charged.
RFCOMM connection failed
WARNING: 38400 baud rate not This indicates a potential problem. Test the serial port.
supported. If there is a problem connecting, switch baud rate on
both the analyzer and the NDT software to 115200.
Incorrect Data in reading # XXX. This indicates a version mismatch between your
Reading will be skipped. instrument code and the NDT code running on your
Error code: BOUNDARY_ER- computer. Use a version of NDT that matches the ver-
ROR1. sion number of the software on your analyzer.

8 Connectivity
Downloading Data
Table 8: Error Messages while Downloading

WARNING: 115200 baud rate not This indicates a potential problem. Test the serial port.
supported. If there is a problem connecting, switch baud rate on
both the analyzer and the NDT software to 38400.
SH4 Successfully Communicating This indicates a normal connection.
Result: SUCCESS
Note When using the wireless USB adapter, if the serial port repeatedly disconnects, check
that the battery is fully charged.
Live Download (Automatic Save)

If desired, your Niton XL2 Plus analyzer has the capability to download and store each
reading to the PC in real time to a file of your choice. To enable this feature, you must do the
following:
• Your Niton analyzer must be turned on and connected to the PC. See Using a USB Cable to
Connect Your Analyzer.
• The NDTr program module must be running and connected to your analyzer. See
Operating Your Analyzer Remotely.
• The Download icon in the NDTr toolbar must be selected.
Figure 116. Live Download Icon
The file created is in a format readable by the NDT program module, has an extension of
.ndt, and looks identical to a file of manually downloaded readings - see Standard Download.
It can also create a simultaneous .CSV file. Simultaneous Save as CSV File .
Please note the following:

1. When the instrument is unplugged, selecting the Download icon does nothing.
2. When you disconnect, then reconnect, your analyzer, Download appends future readings
to same file.

8 Connectivity
Downloading Data
3. Live Download does not overwrite any previous readings in the file. If you want to do
this, you must first explicitly erase the file before initiating Live Download.
4. Live Download does not retroactively add any readings taken while your analyzer was
disconnected.
Changing the Filename for Live Download

Once you have selected the Download icon, a dialog box appears as shown below:
Figure 117. File Dialog Box
You can change the destination file or folder by clicking in the appropriate text box and typing
in the new file name, or by clicking on the browse button (...) to the right of the text box and
selecting a different pre-existing filename. To implement these changes, click the OK button.
Your instrument serial number is associated with the file. If a different instrument is
connected and Live Download is started, a message will appear saying that the connected
instrument and file instrument do not match, and Live Download will not start. Saving the
session as a new file will alleviate this issue
Simultaneous Save as CSV File

By clicking on the checkbox box labeled “Save the readings to CSV file as well” you can
enable simultaneously saving the data as a standard CSV (Comma Separated Value) file for
use with other programs.

8 Connectivity
Downloading Data

8 Connectivity
Downloading Data

9
Controlling Your Analyzer From Your PC

The NDTr program allows you to completely control your Niton analyzer remotely, from
your computer. It works over serial or USB connection over the supplied connector, or
Bluetooth wireless communication. See Using a USB Cable to Connect Your Analyzer for
details on how to connect your Analyzer and PC.
The NDTr Toolbar

The NDTr Toolbar is a string of icons along the top of the NDTr window. It looks like this:
NOTE: NDTr and Niton Data Transfer cannot both be open at the same time.
Figure 118. The NDTr Toolbar
Start Measurement
Clicking this icon will initiate a measurement in whatever mode the analyzer is in currently.
Stop Measurement
Clicking this icon will halt any ongoing measurement on the analyzer.

9 Controlling Your Analyzer From Your PC
Configure Connection Settings

Clicking this icon will allow you to change your configuration settings.
Connect
Clicking this icon will attempt to establish a connection between your computer and your
analyzer.
Disconnect
Clicking this icon will disconnect your computer from your analyzer.
Live Download
See Live Download from NDTr
Configure Connection Settings

Clicking on the Configure Connection Settings icon allows you to change the Com Port for
connecting your computer to your analyzer. Once you click on the icon, a settings dialog box
will appear.
Figure 119. Connection Settings Dialog Box
Selecting the Com Port

Selecting the down arrow in the “Connect Using” field will display the various Com Ports on
the computer that the analyzer can connect through.

Figure 120. Selecting the Com Port
Select the proper com port from the list, then select the OK Button.
Operating Your Analyzer Remotely

NDTr version 7 and above virtual interface operates exactly as the analyzer would. Selecting
the buttons, icons and menus with your mouse works exactly as if you were selecting them
with your finger or stylus on the real analyzer.

Figure 121. Niton XL2 Plus Virtual Interface
Live Download from NDTr

Once you have connected to your analyzer using NDTr, click on the Download icon on the
NDTr toolbar. When you click the Download icon, a Download dialog box will appear.

Figure 122. File Dialog Box
Dest Folder
This field shows the last used save folder, defaulting to the folder where NDT is installed.
... (Browse Folders) Button

Selecting this button enables you to select a different folder for saving the file. This will
change the Dest Folder Field.
Selected File
This shows the filename the reading will be saved to unless you change it.
... (Browse Files) Button

Selecting this button enables you to select a different file name by browsing the file listing.
The file extension “.ndt” will be appended to the name - i.e. File name “file” will be saved as
“file.ndt” and the file will be in the NDT format.
Save the Reading to CSV File as Well Checkbox

Selecting this checkbox enables you to create a second autosave file with CSV format for
importing into spreadsheets such as Excel. This file will have the same name as the NDT file
above, but with the file extension “.csv” instead - i.e. “test.ndt” will be saved as “test.csv” as
well. The checkbox is selected when there is a check in it, and deselected when it is empty.
Always Show this Dialog Box when the File button is Pressed Checkbox
Selecting this checkbox will enable you to change the filename whenever you want.
Deselecting this checkbox will save the file under the same name in the same folder every
time. The checkbox is selected when there is a check in it, and deselected when it is empty.


10
Instrument Maintenance and Support
Contents
• “Replacing the Measurement Window” on page 153
• “Tips and Troubleshooting” on page 156
• “Storing and Transporting Your Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer” on page 162
This section of the User guide is about getting the most out of your analyzer. We cover
troubleshooting your analyzer by using the Specs screen. We also cover advanced topics like
setting thresholds, using the Tools menu, correcting for light elements in the sample
composition, setting up pass/fail analysis, changing safety and start/stop parameters, and
many other special situations you may need. We have also included a number of documents
for reference, so you can learn more about XRF analysis if you are so inclined.
Replacing the Measurement Window

WARNING Before you begin, remove the battery from your analyzer!
• Remove the two screws holding the Measurement Window Bracket to the nose of your analyzer.
Figure 123. Removing the Window Bracket Screws

• Remove the Measurement Window Bracket from the analyzer, and turn it over, exposing the
back with seal and Measurement Window.

10 Instrument Maintenance and Support
• Remove the old Measurement Window from the bracket.
Figure 124. Removing the Old Window

• Clean the Window bracket area thoroughly, using a clean, guaranteed lint-free cloth and
isopropyl alcohol.
• Measurement Window for XL2 Plus is clear Prolene (P/N 447-33771).
.
Pick one
Figure 125. Prolene Window P/N 447-33771

.

• When the bracket is clean, remove the backing from the Measurement Window. Place the
window on the Bracket gently. Make sure the opaque portions of the window do not intrude
over the large measurement hole in the Bracket.
Figure 126. Removing the Backing from Prolene Window (Left) and Applying Window to Bracket (Right)
CAUTION Do not use fingers to press window into place! Use a smooth, hard surface such as back of
tweezers.
Figure 127. Measurement Window Replaced

• Replace Window Bracket on the front of your analyzer, then insert screws.

Tips and Troubleshooting

The Specs Screen
Figure 128. The Specs Screen Menu Path
Select the Specs icon from the System Menu to display the analyzer's specifications. These
specifications include your analyzer's serial number, software and firmware versions, and other
data. Press the Close Screen Button to return to the previous menu. Press the “>-” Screen
Button to go to the Diagnostic Menu, and press the “<-” Screen Button to return to the
Specifications Screen.

Figure 129. The Specifications Screen
On the Specs Screen, standard information on the state of your analyzer is shown for your
reference. This information should be reported to Service if there is a problem.
Specs Information
The following is the information supplied on the Specs Screen:
Instrument Specific Serial Number

This is located in the left part of the blue band at the top of the screen.
Model Number
This is located in the right part of the blue band at the top of the screen.
Date And Time

This is the current Date and Time. This is particularly important for date stamping.
SW Version
This is the currently loaded software version, which should be reported to Service if there is
any problem.

FPGA
This is the currently loaded FPGA software version, which should be reported to Service if
there is any problem. FPGA versions are always a four digit number. Any other number of
digits may be a sign of a problem in the FPGA code.
Factory QC
This is the date that the machine was QCed at the factory.
Energy Cal
This line notes the last time a System Check was performed.
Battery
This line gives the proportional charge remaining to the battery.
System Check Reminder

Select the OFF Screen Button after “System Check Reminder” to set a reminder to calibrate
your analyzer. Selecting the button will open the Cal. Reminder Editor. Select the number of
days you want between reminders with the numeric keys. Of the other screen buttons, C =
Clear All, E = Enter, and OFF shuts off the Reminder Function. Selecting the E button will
enter the current value as the reminder interval and return to the Specs Screen.
Figure 130. Cal Reminder Editor Screen

Diagnostics
Select the “->” Screen Button to load the Diagnostics Screen. The Diagnostics Screen shows
Detector Temperature, Bias, Cooler Voltage, SubBias, Energy Scale, and Temperature in C
and F scales.
The Diagnostics Screen can be of great utility in assuring proper operation of your analyzer.
Figure 131. The Diagnostics Screen
The proper ranges of operational values on the Diagnostics Screen follow.
Det Temp:
Detector Temperature should be within this range:
- 25 + or - 5 degrees
Bias:
Bias should be within this range:
175 + or - 10
VCool:
VCool will vary with the ambient temperature.

SubBias:
SubBias should be within this range:
-11 + or - 3
Escale:
Escale should be within this range:
6.6 through 9.0
Preamp:
Preamp value should only be noted, and reported to Service if there is a problem.
Registration and Licensing FAQ

As a user of a Niton XL2 Plus analyzer, you may be required to register or obtain a license
with your local radiation control authority. In the US, if you intend to do work with your
analyzer in states other than your own, you may be required to register there as well. Below is
a list of commonly asked questions that come up when filling out registration forms.
FAQ
Q: What is the max mA, max kVp, and max power?
A: Maximum mA is 200 uA
Maximum kVp is 45 kVp
Maximum power: 2 watts
Q: What is the accelerator voltage or MeV?
A: This should be filled out as not applicable N/A as it does not apply to Niton XL2 Plus
analyzers.
Q: What is the radioisotope?
A: There are no radioactive isotopes in Niton XL2 Plus analyzers.

Q: What category is the Niton XL2 Plus?
A: States differ greatly in their categories; the following is a list of common categories:
• X-Ray Fluorescence
• Analytical or Analytical XRF
• Open Beam or Open Beam Analytical
• Portable Gauge or Portable XRF
• Industrial Analytical or Non-Destructive Testing
When selecting the category make sure that you don't select medical or radiographic.
Q: How many tubes are in the Niton XL2 Plus?
A: One.
Q: What is the analyzer serial number?
A: The serial number of the tube can be found on the Calibration Certificate that is included
in the shipping case with your analyzer.
Q: What is the tube serial number?
A: The serial number of the tube can be found on the Calibration Certificate.
Q: What is the type of X-Ray Processing?
A: None. Niton XL2 Plus analyzers do not use film.
Q: How often do I need to perform leak tests on the Niton XL2 Plus?
A: Never. Leak tests are only required for analyzers with radioactive isotopes. Niton XL2 Plus
analyzers do not have radioactive isotopes.

Storing and Transporting Your Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer

All Niton Analyzers are transported in waterproof, drop-resistant, fully padded carrying cases
with padlocks. In most countries, Niton XRF analyzers may be transported by car or plane or
shipped as an ordinary package. For most courier services, no special labels are required on the
outside of the Niton analyzer case or on additional packaging.
Figure 132. The Niton Carrying Case
All padlocks are shipped with a default combination of “0-0-0”. If you change this
combination, please inform Thermo of the new combination if you return the unit for
service.
To change the combination:

1. Dial the default combination to open the lock, and pull out the shackle.
2. Rotate the shackle 180 degrees and push it down as far as it can go.
3. While holding the shackle down, rotate it 90 degrees back in either direction and release
shackle.
4. Change the dial settings to the desired combination, record the combination, and
without disturbing the dials, rotate the shackle back 90 degrees to the position it had in
step 2.

5. Pull shackle out and rotate it 180 degrees and secure it. Your lock now has its own secret
combination.
CAUTION Always transport the unit in its padded carrying case, and store the Niton Analyzer
in its case whenever it is not being used.
CAUTION In most cases, no notification is required if transporting within state boundaries.

This may not be the case when entering federal properties.
CAUTION Within the United States, always keep a copy of the US DOT compliance
statement in your Niton analyzer case at all times. A copy is included with your analyzer.
CAUTION Always follow all pertinent local and national regulations and guidelines, wherever
your analyzer is transported or used.
CAUTION Always obtain a Return Authorization (RA) number from Thermo Fisher
Scientific’s Service Department in the United States, toll free, at (800) 875-1578, or outside
the United States, at +1-978-670-7460 before returning your analyzer to the Service
Department or to your local Authorized Niton Analyzers Service Center.
CAUTION If you return your Niton analyzer without the carrying case, you will void your
warranty in its entirety. You will be billed for a replacement case plus any repairs resulting
from improper shipping.
CAUTION Always remove the battery pack when transporting or storing your analyzer.


11
Test Stands
Contents
• “The Portable Test Stand” on page 165
• “The Mobile Test Stand” on page 173
• “Configuring the Analyzer for the Test Stand” on page 175
• “The Field Mate Test Stand” on page 181
• “Configuring the Analyzer for the Test Stand” on page 189
The Portable Test Stand

Shielded test stands are useful accessories to use to analyze the following types of samples:
• light materials (such as plastic, wood, or similarly low density/low atomic mass samples)
• thin samples (such as foils, circuit boards, and wires)
• samples that are smaller than the analysis window.
See “Safe Handling of Samples” on page 14 for more details.

11 Test Stands
Test Stand power

specification:
12vDC, 1A
See test stand

“Power Supply PN
420-011” on
page 24.
Figure 133. The Portable Test Stand: PN 420-017
User Accessible Connectors on Test Stand

Connector Voltage Level Manufacturer and Part Number
DC Power JACK 12V CUI,
PJ-014CH-SMT
Remote Trigger 3.3V CUI,
SJ-3523-SMT
USB port 5V Molex,
56579-0576
Setting Up the Portable Test Stand

1. To set up the Portable Test Stand, place the folded stand on your bench top with the
scissored legs down.
CAUTION When setting up and taking down the Portable Test Stand, be aware of possible
pinch points.
2. Lift up the top part of the Portable Test Stand. As you do so, the scissored legs will rise up
and come together.
3. Hook the notch in the back, flat part of the top over the bar between the rear legs, as in
Figure 134.

11 Test Stands
Figure 134. Hooking Over the Bar
4. The Portable Test Stand is now ready for use.
Figure 135 shows a Portable Test Stand ready for use.
Figure 135. The Test Stand All Set Up

11 Test Stands
Taking down the Portable Test Stand

1. First, unhook all cables from the instrument and/or test stand.
2. To take down the Portable Test Stand, unhook the back, flat part of the top section of the
Test Stand. The hood locks shut with a sliding tab for transportation.
CAUTION When setting up and taking down the Portable Test Stand, be aware of possible
pinch points.
3. The air pistons between the scissors legs will let the top down slowly.
4. Support the top until the legs have fully collapsed. Figure 136 shows a Portable Test Stand
fully collapsed.
Figure 136. The Portable Test Stand Collapsed
Connecting the Portable Test Stand to your Analyzer

Use the included Remote Trigger Cable to attach the Portable Test Stand to your Analyzer. By
connecting the Test Stand, your analyzer knows whether the protective lid is open or closed,
and thus whether it is safe to initiate a test, as in Figure 141. If unplugged, the instrument will
not be able to initiate a reading.

11 Test Stands
Figure 137. Plugging the Remote Trigger Cable Into the Portable Test Stand
Attaching the Remote Trigger Cable

Insert one end of the Cable into the Remote Trigger Port on your Portable Test Stand, and the
other end to the Remote Trigger Port on your Analyzer, as in Figure 137 and Figure 138. Do
not plug the cable into the Serial Ports.
Figure 138. Plugging the Remote Trigger Cable Into the Analyzer

11 Test Stands
Powering the Test Stand via USB

Plug the USB cable into your computer’s open USB port as in Figure 139. Plug the other end
into the Test Stand’s USB Port. The Test Stand can draw what power it needs from your
computer.
Figure 139. Plugging the USB Cable into the Portable Test Stand
Powering the Test Stand Via Separate Power Cable

You may also use the power adaptor to power up the test stand. Plug the power adapter into
the power port on your Portable Test Stand, and the other end into the wall outlet.

11 Test Stands
Figure 140. Plugging the Power Cable into the Portable Test Stand
Open Closed
Figure 141. Test Stand Open and Closed Icons
How to Use the Portable Test Stand

When the Portable Test Stand is fully set up, insert the front of your analyzer into the cone
under the floor of the top part of the stand, as in Figure 142. Push firmly until the analyzer
seats with an audible click.

11 Test Stands
Figure 142. Portable Test Stand with Analyzer Attached
Your analyzer cannot be inserted fully in any orientation but the correct orientation, with the
touch screen towards the front.
To remove your analyzer, simply squeeze the tabs on either side of the cone and pull the
analyzer down, gently but firmly, until it separates from the cone.
When the hood is lifted, your analyzer will display a red icon at the top of the touch screen, as
in Figure 143.
Figure 143. Portable Test Stand Open Icon
Your analyzer will not take a reading unless the hood is shut and the green icon is on.

11 Test Stands
The Mobile Test Stand

How to Assemble the Mobile Test Stand (PN 430-032)
Attaching the legs to the main body

1. Orient the pop-up peg on the leg with the hole in the main body
2. Push the pop-up peg in with your thumb as shown in Figure 144.
Figure 144. Pushing in Peg
3. Slide the leg into the main body until the pop-up peg snaps into the matching hole as
shown in Figure 145.

11 Test Stands
Figure 145. Attaching Leg
4. Repeat for each leg
5. Adjust the height of each leg by screwing or unscrewing the feet to allow a level platform
Fitting your Niton analyzer into the Mobile Test Stand

6. Set the test stand so that the hinge is away from you, and you have access to the test
chamber when it is open.
7. Place your analyzer underneath the Mobile Test Stand so that the nose points up and the
touch screen is facing you, as in Figure 146.

11 Test Stands
Configuring the Analyzer for the Test Stand
Figure 146. Inserting Analyzer into Portable Test Stand
8. Lift your analyzer firmly up into the recess until the clips snap solidly into place on both
sides of the analyzer’s front end.

The test stand contains an RFID chip, which automatically configures your analyzer to
properly work with the test stand.

11 Test Stands
Proximity Start Feature

A feature you can optionally use is to set the analyzer to Proximity Start.
Figure 147. Menu Path to Set Proximity Start
Press the trigger to initiate the reading, and disengage the Proximity Button by opening the
cover to stop the reading. With this feature enabled, you do not need to hold the trigger down
while the sample is being analyzed.

11 Test Stands
Figure 148. Stopping the Analysis by Opening the Cover
You can always use standard operation, as well as remote operation via NDTr.
Measuring Small Parts and Components

To measure electronic parts and components, place the part to be measured directly on the
measurement window of the analyzer, shut the hinged top firmly, and take a measurement.
See Figure 149 for an example of placing electronic parts.
Figure 149. Measuring Electronic Parts

11 Test Stands
To measure small alloy parts and samples, place the part to be measured directly on the
measurement window of the analyzer, shut the hinged top firmly, and take a measurement.
Measuring Bulk Samples in Sample Cups

To measure bulk materials in sample cups, place the Sample Cup Holder into the Mobile Test
Stand so that it rests on the lip of the oval cutout. See Figure 150 to see how the Sample Cup
Holder is oriented.
Figure 150. Inserting the Sample Cup Holder
Then place the sample cup to be analyzed into the sample cup holder, shut the hinged top
firmly, and initiate a measurement. See Figure 18 for an example of placing sample cups into
the Sample Cup Holder.

11 Test Stands
Figure 151. Inserting Sample Cup
Measuring Bulk Samples in Bags

To measure bulk materials in plastic bags, make sure the material to be tested is at least 1.5 cm
deep over the measurement window of the analyzer. The cover of the test stand must be shut
completely before taking a reading, which limits the maximum size of the bagged sample to
that of the capacity of the test stand cavity.
Place the sample bag into the test stand, shut the hinged top firmly, and take the
measurement.
When the hood is lifted, your analyzer will display a red icon at the top of the touch screen, as
in Figure 152.

11 Test Stands
Figure 152. Mobile Test Stand Open Icon
When the hood is shut, your analyzer will display a green icon at the top of the touch screen,
as in Figure 153.
Figure 153. Mobile Test Stand Closed Icon
Your analyzer cannot make an analysis unless the icon is green. To remove your analyzer from
the Mobile Test Stand, simply squeeze the tabs on either side of the cone and pull the analyzer
down, gently but firmly, until it separates from the cone.

11 Test Stands
The Field Mate Test Stand

The Field Mate Test Stand is a multi purpose, ultra portable test stand. It is optimized for field
analysis of 32mm sample cups and small bagged samples.
Figure 154. The Field Mate
The Field Mate has a pivoting top plate which covers a shielded cavity inside which the
sample is placed. There are two insets which fit inside the cavity, optimized for the two most
common sample types - bagged bulk samples and sample cups.
There is a brace to support the analyzer on the underside of the base. Gently but firmly
unsnap the brace by pushing down on the protruding black tab. The brace will pivot out and
down 180 degrees. The brace helps compensate for the off-center weight of the analyzer when
clipped into the pivoting top plate.
To place your analyzer into the Field Mate, fit your analyzer's nose firmly up into the mating
cone until the clips snap solidly into place on both sides of the analyzer’s front end.

11 Test Stands
Figure 155. The Field Mate with Top Plate Opened
The top plate is opened by pressing the large orange latch on the base. Inserts can be placed
into the cavity, and samples can be placed into the inserts. The insert for bagged bulk samples
(shown in Figure 156) has a spring loaded inner plate which pushes the sample up to contact
the underside of the top plate for proper analysis. The insert for sample cups (shown in
Figure 157) holds the cup at the proper height for analysis with a soft foam support. Tilt the
top plate back until it latches with an audible click for analysis. This can be done with or
without your analyzer clipped into the cone.

11 Test Stands
Figure 156. The Field Mate Bagged Sample Insert
Figure 157. The Field Mate Sample Cup Insert
The top plate can also be completely removed by pressing the two small hinge tabs together
towards the middle of the plate and lifting the plate from the base. This can be done with or
without your analyzer mounted into the cone.

11 Test Stands
Figure 158. The Top Plate Removed from the Base Unit
Removed from the base, the plate can be placed into the Test Guard, for soil screening in-situ.
Figure 159. The Test Guard
To insert the plate into the Test Guard, slide the front tab on the plate under the tab of the
Test Guard.

11 Test Stands
Figure 160. Inserting the Top Plate into the Test Guard
The interlocking tabs secure the front of the Test Guard to the plate.
Figure 161. The Front Tab
Squeezing the Hinge Tabs together, lower the back of the plate into the Test Guard. Release
the tabs so the Hinge Tab Pins protrude through the holes on either side of the Test Guard.
This secures the rear of the plate to the Test Guard.

11 Test Stands
Figure 162. The Hinge Tab Pins
At this point, you can fit your analyzer into the cone. It may now be used for soil screening.

11 Test Stands
Figure 163. The Top Plate Removed from the Base Unit
When the top plate is lifted, your analyzer will display a red icon at the top of the touch
screen, as in Figure 164.
Figure 164. Field Mate Open Icon
When the plate is shut, your analyzer will display a green icon at the top of the touch screen,
as in Figure 165.

11 Test Stands
Figure 165. Field Mate Closed Icon
Your analyzer cannot make an analysis unless the icon is green.
To remove your analyzer from the Field Mate Test Stand, simply squeeze the tabs on either
side of the cone and pull the analyzer up, gently but firmly, until it separates from the cone.

11 Test Stands

The test stand contains an RFID chip, which automatically configures your analyzer to
properly work with the test stand.
Proximity Start Feature

A feature you can optionally use is to set the analyzer to Proximity Start.
Figure 166. Menu Path to Set Proximity Start

11 Test Stands
Press the trigger to initiate the reading, and disengage the Proximity Button by pressing the
Latch and opening the plate to stop the reading. With this feature enabled, you do not need
to hold the trigger down while the sample is being analyzed.
Figure 167. Stopping the Analysis by Opening the Plate
You can always use standard operation, as well as remote operation via NDTr.

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Thermo Fisher Scientific

Niton XL2 Plus

Chapter 1 Contact Us. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Chapter 2 Manual Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Chapter 3 Using Your Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Chapter 4 Common Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Chapter 5 Analysis Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Chapter 6 Advanced Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Chapter 7 Data Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115

Thermo Scientific Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer User’s Guide i

Erasing Data, Readings, or Fingerprints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Chapter 8 Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131

Chapter 9 Controlling Your Analyzer From Your PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147

Chapter 10 Instrument Maintenance and Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

Chapter 11 Test Stands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165

ii Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer User’s Guide Thermo Scientific

Americas Europe Asia

Thermo Scientific Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide 1

2 Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide Thermo Scientific

Warnings, Cautions, and Notes

Thermo Scientific Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide 1

Figure 1. This is a Figure

Example Physical Buttons:

2 Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide Thermo Scientific

This is an example of Other Hardware.

Example Other Hardware:

Thermo Scientific Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide 3

4 Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide Thermo Scientific

Using Your Analyzer

Thermo Scientific Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide 5

Safety LED Indicator Safety LED Indicator

Pass/Fail Indicator Bluetooth Indicator

4-Way Touch Pad Interlock

On/Off/Escape Button Clear/Enter Button

Stylus Holder Wrist Strap Anchor

USB, Remote Trigger, Serial, and Power Ports

Safely and Effectively Using Your Analyzer

6 Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide Thermo Scientific

Radiation and General Safety

Radiation Protection Basics

Thermo Scientific Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide 7

8 Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide Thermo Scientific

Table 1. Typical Radiation Doses Received (Source: NCRP 1987)

Table 2. Annual Occupational Dose Limits for Radiation Workers (Source:

Thermo Scientific Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide 9

Monitoring your radiation exposure

Company Global Dosimetry Solutions Landauer, Inc.

Address 2652 McGaw Avenue 2 Science Road

Pregnancy and Radiation Exposure

* The International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP, is an independent

10 Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide Thermo Scientific

How to Use the Niton XL2 Plus Analyzer Safely

Know where the beam is

Figure 2. Primary Beam

Thermo Scientific Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide 11

Figure 3. Secondary (Scattered) Beam

The Shutter-Open Indicator Lights

Figure 4. The X-ray Beam Indicator Lights

12 Niton XL2 Plus User’s Guide Thermo Scientific