Presented by: Santo Thomas Sabu 2K21 Batch MCON INTRODUCTION
Accidental injuries are the major health problems
among children through out the world. Accidental injuries is one of the biggest single cause of the death. Many of the accidents that happen in and around home. Those accidents can be avoided by identifying and understanding potential risk in the home. DEFINITION “An unpremediated event resulting in recognizable damage” WHO “An unplanned and uncontrolled event that results in personal injury due to the action or a reaction of a person, object, substance or radiation” Herbert William Heinrich CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS 1. Ignorance 2 Lack of knowledge 3. Lack of past experience 4. Hyperactive nature of child 5. Inability to judge danger 6. Aggressive children 7. Lack of place to play 8. Careless parents Common Accidental Injury In Different Age Group . Infants: falls.burns.cuts and foriegn body aspiration
. Toddlers and Preschoolers:
falls, burns, cuts and injury suffocation suffocation.foreign body aspiration.drowning.poisoning and bites. Vehicle or road traffic accidents and sports injury. School age children and adolscents: sports injury, fall, electrical or instrumental injury, road traffic accidents.drowning and bites. TYPES OF ACCIDENTS 1. Accidents requiring medical intervention : drowning, burns, falls, cuts, and wounds, animal bites, poisoning,
2.Accidents requiring surgical
intervention: head injuries, burns, fractures. Trauma. 3.Accidents Involving Eyes: fireworks, stone throwing, broomstick injury, sharp edged toys, balls, shuttle cocks, fist fighting, fall, knife or needle injury.
playing streets with vehicular traffic. Common Childhood Accidents 1.Drowning 2.Fall 3.Burn/Scald 4.Choking 5.Poisoning DROWNING Children can drown in less than 3cm of water. They should be under constant supervision when in or near any water. PREVENTION 1.lt is necessary not to leave children alone, near the water tub, water bucket, the water wells or ponds etc 2. The water drum should always be covered 3. keep the bath tub empty, when not needed 4.The door of the house should always be closed, so that the infant cannot go out.
5.Close the bathrooms door when not in use
6. Teenager should avoid drug and alcohol
during swimming. 7. Warn them not to go in deep water. FALL Unstable gait of the toddler, presence of objects on floor, lacks of supervision, curiosity of the children etc. Falls are common in infants when they turn from side to side, creep or walk. PREVENTION *Keep floors free of toys and obstructions * Exercise close supervision when toddler learns to walk. *Never leave babies unattended on raised surfaces.
* keep floor dry
* check constantly floor surface for wear and
tear BURN/SCALD Burn is a type of injury to skin or other tissues caused by heat, electricity, friction on radiation. PREVENTION 1.All heating equipment and electrical appliances should be kept at higher level, where infant cannot reach. 2. Do not give electrical toy to play alone. 3. Teach safety precautions with five and five work. CHOKING Accidental swallowing of foreign body, strangulation, covering of head by blankets, accidental suffocation by pillow while baby sleeps in prone position, near drowning etc. PREVENTION * choose toys appropriate to the age of children *Avoid toys with detachable small parts * Ensure small objects are kept out of reach of children * Instruct children not to play while eating. * Avoid adults sleeping with baby on same bed the POISONING food poisoning, accidental swallowing of drugs, detergents, insecticides etc. PREVENTION • Keep medicines and chemicals out of sight and reach of children, prefrebaly in an isolated locked cabinet. • Always store chemicals in their orginal containers with appropriate labels • Never tell children drug are “sweets” as this may give a wrong idea to children Factors Affecting Accidents 1- Age: It is more common in 2-10 years of age.0-4 years old have the most accidents at home. 2. Sex : Boy are more likely to have accidents than girls 3 Time: Mostly accidents happen between late afternoon and early evening. 4 Weather condition: children are prone to accident in rainy season. 5. Personality: Personality also affects the children’s accident because they are passionate about the new activities but they are not aware of the consequences of many new situations
6 Place :Domestic or road side accidents are
common in children. PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS For Infants: • Never leave an infant alone on cot or table in unprotected place • Never give very small things to the child. • Never feed solids where are difficult to chew • coins, buttons must not be left with child's reach. • keep the stove or fire things for away from the child • Never leave the infant near water tub. For toddlers and preschoolers: • Never use negative statement for any activities
• Give proper directions for activity
• Provide constant supervision
• Protect stairs by gate and keep doors closed.
• Give adequate instructions to the caretakers
For school age children and adolscents • Teach safety precautions with five
• Encourage playing in safe places and supervise
the game
• Discourage the children from kite flying from
rooftops.
• children must not be allowed to play on streets
Role Of Nurse In Prevention Of Accidents • Health education • Provision of safe environment • Safe child care should be organized provided to prevent accidental hazardous • Assisting medical cave to prevent disabilities • Emergency care at comprehensive trauma care unit improves survival rate. • Public health measures SUMMARY Accident could not be completely avoided, but its occurrence could be prevented. To prevent accident to children, adults should pay more attention to home safety. They should also clear any hidden “hazards” at home and teach children about safety. Slidesgo CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and includes icons by Flaticon Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik Freepik
