Water Transportation

-this is the intentional movement of water over large distances. A process of water transports a watercraft such as barge, ship, or sailboat. Inland Water Transport -this is the use of boats, launches, barges, streamers etc., to carry goods and passengers on river and canal routes. These routes are called inland waterways and are used in domestic or home trade to carry bulky goods. Ocean Transport -this refers to movement of goods and passengers with the help of ships through sea or ocean waterways. It plays an important role in the development of international trade. It is also used for transporting goods and passengers in the coastal areas. Ocean transport has its fixed route, which links almost all the

The Evolution
-Ships and boats are the oldest types of transport. The first ships were built thousands of years ago. Ships and boats are used for travel, by the armed forces for our defense, for fishing, for transporting cargo between countries, and for leisure, sport and relaxation. Many thousands of years ago, a raft made by tying several logs together with creepers, was the first kind water transport that a person could steer. Later, people made the first real boats by hollowing out logs. And a frame boat built like a basket and covered with animal skins. A coating of tar kept the boat watertight. 4000 BC-Boat builders in ancient Egypt used reeds to build what were probably the first sailing boats. The Egyptian reed boats had a mast and sails and were used on the river Nile. 2500 BC-The Egyptians were building wooden boats that could sail across oceans. 1000 AD Viking longboats-these ships had sails as well as up to 60 oarsmen who rowed the ship. The longboats were long and narrow so were able to travel on the open sea, as well as along rivers.

1100 ADChinese junks were sailing boats with a rudder for steering the boat, battens on the sails to give them greater strength, and watertight compartments long before western ships had them. They were fighting and transport ships. 1450 onwards: Three and four masted sailing ships were in service for several centuries. These wooden ships were used as battleships, and by explorers and as trade vessels, carrying cargo from country to country. In the 1800s, fast sailing ships called 'clipper ships were built. They had long, slim hulls and tall masts.

1819 The first steamships to cross the Atlantic combined steam and wind
power.

1845 The first ocean-going liners made of iron and driven by a propeller were
being built from this time.

1880-Some steam driven river boats had rear paddles and were called stern
wheelers, others had paddle wheels on either side.

1910-Coal burning sailing ships were converted to diesel power, using oil
instead of steam.

1955 Hovercraft- float above the waves on cushions of air and are capable of
high speeds of up to 140 km an hour.

1959 The N.S. Savannah, one of the first nuclear powered cargo ships, was
able to sail for three and a half years without refueling.

1980 Hydrofoil used as ferries or water taxis, hydrofoils ride onwings that lift the
craft clear of the water so that it rides on skis as it gains speed. Container ships carry cargo in huge metal boxes which are stacked on the deck. A modern cargo ship can carry up to one thousand containers. All containers are the same size and they are unloaded at ports which are equipped with special cranes. Those containers are loaded onto trucks to be taken from the port.

1990Cruise liners are ships that carry hundreds of people on floating holidays.
Passengers live on the ship, which has restaurants, shops, cinemas and other recreation venues. Modern nuclear powered aircraft carriers, battle cruisers, destroyers, and nuclear powered submarines are all used to keep a country safe and to protect its territory.

The Types

Boat Steamers Barges Launches Ships Tankers Submarines

The operators
Aboitiz Transport System SuperFerry Aleson Shipping Lines Cokaliong Shipping Lines EdagoLighteragePhils. Inc. Gothong Southern Shipping Lines Lite Shipping Montenegro Shipping Lines Negros Navigation Ocean Jet Fast Ferries Roble Shipping Lines Philippine Span Asia Carrier Corporation (formerly Sulpicio Lines)

Supercat Fast Ferry Trans-Asia Shipping Lines Weesam Express George and Peter Lines F.J Palacio Lines Inc.

The Waterways
River-is a natural watercourse usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean,
a lake, a sea, or another river.

Seas-generally refers to a large body of salt water Lakes-is a body of relatively still fresh or salt water of considerable size,
localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land. Lakes are inland and not part of theocean and therefore are distinct from lagoons, and are larger and deeper than ponds

Oceans-a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several

principal oceans and smaller seas.

Canals-are man-made channels for water.

The Ports
LIST OF REGISTERED PRIVATE PORTS PDO-MANILA/NORTHERN LUZON
PMOSouthHarb or
STATUS COR/ OF PTO REGIST NO. RATION

COMPANY NAME

LOCATION

VALID UNTIL

135 T/NC Republic Glass Corporation/Rep. Asahi Glass Corp.Pinagbuhatan, PasigCity 158 T/NC Liberty Flour Mills Inc. 164 T/NC Wellington Investment and Mfg. Corp. (formerly
J.P. Rizal St., Brgy. Vergara, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila

Pasig River Bank, Bo.

4/16/2 012 5/1/20 14 9/12/2

Wellington Flour Mills) 267 P/NC Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corp. 271 T/C Island Integrated Offshore 301 P/NC Petron Corporation 319 P/NC Petron Corporation 335 P/NC North Negros Marketing 345 P/NC Shell Phil. Petroleum Corp. 423 P/NC SM Land, Inc. PMOLimay
STATUS COR/ OF PTO REGIST NO. RATION

Pineda, PasigCity

012 8/9/20 Pandacan, Manila 16 12/31/ Cristobal, Paco, Manila 2011 8/31/2 Bo. Ugong, PasigCity 018 8/31/2 Pandacan Manila 018 Sultan St. cor. Honradez 11/5/2 St., Makati City 021 10/16/ Bo. Malaya, Pililla, Rizal 2022 Mall of Asia Complex, 6/30/2 PasayCity 035

COMPANY NAME

LOCATION

VALID UNTIL

10 P/NC Planters Products Inc. Petron Corp./Bataan Refining Corp.(formerly 108 P/NC Bataan Refining Corp.) Oilink International Corp. (formerly Bataan Storage 183 T/NC Corp) 296 P/C Mariveles Grains Corporation 299 P/NC Peninsula Land Bay Realty Corp. PNOC Alternative Fuels Corp. (formerly PNOC 350 T/NC Petrochemicals Dev. Corporation (PNOC-PDC) 402 T/C Seafront Shipyard & Marine Services Corporation 403 T/NC SMC Shipping and Lighterage Corp.

6/25/2 016 12/22/ Limay, Bataan 2034 Lucanin Pt., Mariveles, 12/30/ Bataan 2011 ATI Compound, 2/17/2 Mariveles, Bataan 033 Brgy. Alas-asinMariveles, 9/29/2 Bataan 023 Batangas Dos, Mariveles, 12/31/ Bataan 2011 Brgy. Lucanin, Mariveles, 1/30/2 Bataan 014 Baseco Compound, 12/31/ Mariveles, Bataan 2015 Limay, Bataan

PMONorthHarb or
STATUS COR/ OF PTO REGIST NO. RATION

COMPANY NAME

LOCATION

VALID UNTIL

376 P/NC Philippine Foremost Milling Corp.

Harbour Centre,

6/9/20

NorthHarbor, Manila 389

Harbour Centre Port Holdings, Inc. P/C (HCPHI)/HarbourCentre Port Terminal, Inc. (HCPTI)

NorthHarbor, Manila
Vitas Industrial Complex, NorthHarbor, Tondo, Manila

418 T/NC PNOC Exploration Corporation La Filipina UyGongco Corp. (formerly La Paz 420 P/NC Milling Corp.) 428 T/NC Energies Supply Chain Solutions, Inc. PMO-San Fernando
STATUS COR/ OF PTO REGIST NO. RATION

ManilaHarbour Centre Complex, Tondo, Manila Vitas Industrial Estate, Vitas, Tondo, Manila

17 6/9/20 17 7/30/2 013 3/10/2 035 7/28/2 012

COMPANY NAME

LOCATION

VALID UNTIL

323 P/NC Petron Corporation 368 T/NC 384 T/NC 411 T/NC 429 T/NC

Aparri, Cagayan Brgy. Pangascasan, Team Sual Corporation (formerly Mirant Sual Corp.) Sual, Pangasinan Brgy. 20-A, Gabut Norte, Ilocos Norte Mining Co., Inc Badoc, Ilocos Norte Brgy. Gabut Norte, Omnico Natural Respurces, Inc. Badoc, Ilocos Norte Brgy. Namonitan, Sto. SMC Shipping and Lighterage Corp. Tomas, La Union

12/21/ 2021 2/21/2 013 11//19/ 2014 11/2/2 013 12/31/ 2015

Legend : T/NC Temporary / Non-Commercial T/C Temporary / Commercial P/NC Permanent / Non-Commercial P/C Permanent / Commercial

*As of December 2011 this are the List of Northern Luzon Private Ports only.

Government agencies
Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) -"To establish, develop, regulate, manage and operate a rationalized
national port system in support of trade and national development"

Cebu Ports Authority Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) Maritime Training Council Philippine Coast Guard Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA)

Role,

importance,

contributions

and

effects

to

tourism
Importance to Foreign Trade
Transporting goods with foreign trading partners can be accomplished by road, water, rail, or air. However, for the Modern ferries, cruise ships, and many types of recreational boats carry passengers for purposes ranging from daily business commuting to fishing to sightseeing. The ferry system in Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada) exemplifies the importance of waterways for transportation. Majority of foreign trading partners, the only options for transportation are water or air. Water-based transportation is generally the most costeffective mode for the majority of internationally traded goods. About 95 percent of U.S. foreign trade passes through its port system. Ports function as the transfer point between land and water transportation of cargo.For vessels to transport the foreign traded cargo, they must be able to access the ports through established channels. The channels provide adequate water depths for the vessels and navigational aids.

Revenue Earning Techniques

The hospitality industry is part of a larger enterprise known as the travel and tourism industry. It is one of the oldest industries in the world. In early days, traders, explorers, missionaries and pilgrims needed a break in their journeys requiring food, shelter and rest. People opened their homes and kitchens to these weary travelers, and an industry was born. Although accommodation today is varied and their services have changed and expanded over the ages, one thing about the hospitality industry has remained the same, Guests are always welcome! From a friendly greeting at the door, room service, breakfast, to a host of facilities' the hospitality industry offers travelers a home away from home. Hospitality is defined as the friendly reception and treatment of strangers". For most people, hospitality means entertaining guests with courtesy and warmth. Hospitality is also an industry made up of businesses that provide lodging, food and other services to travelers. The main components of this industry are hotels, motels, inns, resorts and Restaurants. In a broad sense, the hospitality industry might refer to any group engaged in tourism, entertainment, transportation or lodging including cruise lines, airlines, railways, car rental companies and tour operators. However the two main segments are the lodging industry also called the hotel industry, and the food and beverage industry, also called the restaurant industry. The lodging industry is made up of businesses providing temporary housing, and such a business is called a lodging establishment and the people who stay in it are called guests or clients.

Revenue Management
It is a technique to optimize the revenue earned from a fixed, perishable resource. The challenge is to sell the right resources to the right customer at the right time. Revenue Management implements the basic principles of supply and demand economics in a tactical way to generate incremental revenues. There are three essential conditions for revenue management to be applicable: That there is a fixed amount of resources available for sale. That the resources sold are perishable. This means that there is a time limit to selling the resources, after which they cease to be of value.

That different customer is willing to pay a different price for using the same amount of resources. Revenue Management is of especially high relevance in cases where the constant costs are relatively high compared to the variable costs. The less variable cost there are, the more the additional revenue earned will contribute to the overall profit.