GM Se Module 7

?
Inequalities
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you use
inequalities to solve
MODULE
LESSON 7.1
7
real-world problems?
Writing and Solving
One-Step
Inequalities
COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4b
LESSON 7.2
Writing Two-Step
Inequalities
COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4
LESSON 7.3
Solving Two-Step
Inequalities
COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4b
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Real-World Video
ª.4IJFMET1IPUPT"MBNZ*NBHFT
Many school groups and other organizations

hold events to raise money. Members can
write and solve inequalities to represent the
my.hrw.com financial goals they are trying to achieve.
my.hrw.com my.hrw.com Math On the Spot Animated Math Personal Math Trainer
Go digital with your Scan with your smart Interactively explore Get immediate
write-in student phone to jump directly key concepts to see feedback and help as
edition, accessible on to the online edition, how math works. you work through
any device. video tutor, and more. practice sets.
199
Are YOU Ready?
Complete these exercises to review skills you will Personal
need for this module. Math Trainer
Online
Assessment and
Inverse Operations my.hrw.com Intervention
EXAMPLE 3x = 24 x is multiplied by 3.
3x
__ 24 Use the inverse operation, division.
3
= __
3 Divide both sides by 3.
x=8
z+6 = 4 6 is added to z.
-6 =-6 Use the inverse operation, subtraction.
z = -2 Subtract 6 from both sides.
Solve each equation, using inverse operations.
1. 9w = -54 2. b - 12 = 3 3. __n4 = -11
Locate Points on a Number Line

EXAMPLE Graph +2 by starting at 0 and
-5 0 5 counting 2 units to the right.
Graph -4 by starting at 0 and
counting 4 units to the left.
Graph each number on the number line.
- 10 -5 0 5 10
4. 3 5. -9 6. 7 7. -3
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Integer Operations
EXAMPLE -7 - (-4) = -7 + 4 To subtract an integer, add its opposite.
= | -7 | - | 4 | The signs are different, so find the
= 7 - 4, or 3 difference of the absolute values.
= -3 Use the sign of the number with the
greater absolute value.
8. 3 - (-5) 9. -4 - 5 10. 6 - 10 11. -5 - (-3)
12. 8 - (-8) 13. 9 - 5 14. -3 - 9 15. 0 - (-6)
200 Unit 3
Reading Start-Up Vocabulary
Review Words
✔ algebraic expression
Visualize Vocabulary (expresión algebraica)
Use the ✔ words to complete the graphic. You may put more coefficient (coeficiente)
than one word in each box. ✔ constant (constante)
✔ equation (ecuación)
Expressions and Equations greater than (mayor que)
✔ inequality (desigualdad)
x integers (enteros)
less than (menor que)
operations (operaciones)
2 solution (solución)
✔ variable (variable)
3x + 2
4x - 3 = 9
Understand Vocabulary
Complete each sentence, using the review words.
1. A value of the variable that makes the equation true is a .
2. The set of all whole numbers and their opposites are .

3. An is an expression that contains at least

one variable.
Active Reading
Layered Book Before beginning the module,
create a layered book to help you learn the
concepts in this module. At the top of the first flap,
write the title of the module, “Inequalities.” Then
label each flap with one of the lesson titles in this
module. As you study each lesson, write important
ideas, such as vocabulary and processes, under the
appropriate flap.
Module 7 201
MODULE 7
Unpacking the Standards

Understanding the standards and the vocabulary terms in the
standards will help you know exactly what you are expected to
learn in this module.
COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4
Use variables to represent
What It Means to You
quantities in a real-world or You will write an inequality to solve a real-world problem.
mathematical problem, and
UNPACKING EXAMPLE 7.EE.4
construct simple equations and
inequalities to solve problems To rent a certain car for a day costs $39
by reasoning about the plus $0.29 for every mile the car is driven.
quantities. Write an inequality to show the maximum
number of miles you can drive and keep
Key Vocabulary the rental cost under $100.
inequality (desigualdad)
The expression for the cost of the rental
A mathematical sentence that
is 39 + 0.29m. The total cost of the
shows that two quantities are
not equal. rental must be under $100. So the
inequality is as shown.
39 + 0.29m < 100
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©nawson/Alamy

COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4b
Solve word problems leading What It Means to You
to inequalities of the form You will solve inequalities that involve two steps and interpret
px + q > r or px + q < r , where the solutions.
p, q, and r are specific rational
numbers. Graph the solution set UNPACKING EXAMPLE 7.EE.4b
of the inequality and interpret it Solve and graph the solution of -3x + 7 > -8.
in the context of the problem.
-3x + 7 > -8
Key Vocabulary
-3x > -7 -8 Subtract 7 from both sides.
solution (solución)
The value(s) for the variable -3x > -15 Simplify.
that makes the inequality true.
x<5 Divide both sided by -5,
Images
and reverse the inequality.
Visit my.hrw.com -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
to see all the
Common Core All numbers less than 5 are solutions for this inequality.
Standards
unpacked.
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202 Unit 3
LESSON
Writing and Solving
7.1
COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4b
Solve word problems leading
to inequalities... . Graph the
One-Step Inequalities solution set of the inequality
and interpret it in the context
of the problem.
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do you write and solve one-step inequalities?
COMMON
Prep. for 7.EE.4b
EXPLORE ACTIVITY CORE
Investigating Inequalities
You know that when you perform any of the four basic operations on both
sides of an equation, the resulting equation is still true. What effect does
performing these operations on both sides of an inequality have?
A Complete the table.

Is new inequality
Inequality Add to both sides: New Inequality true or false?
2 ≥ -3 3
-1 ≤ 6 -1
-8 > -10 -8
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Jupiterimages/
Reflect
1. Make a Conjecture When you add the same number to both sides
of an inequality, is the inequality still true? Explain how you know that
your conjecture holds for subtracting the same number.
B Complete the table.
Divide both Is new inequality

Inequality New Inequality
sides by: true or false?
4<8 4
12 ≥ -15 3
Getty Images
-16 ≤ 12 -4
15 > 5 -5
What do you notice when you divide both sides of an inequality by the
same negative number?
Lesson 7.1 203

EXPLORE ACTIVITY (cont’d)
Reflect
2. Make a Conjecture What could you do to make the inequalities that
are not true into true statements?
3. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Explain how you know that

your conjecture holds for multiplying both sides of an inequality by
a negative number.
Solving Inequalities Involving

Addition and Subtraction
You can use properties of inequality to solve inequalities involving addition
Math On the Spot and subtraction with rational numbers.
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Addition and Subtraction Properties of Inequality

Addition Property of Inequality Subtraction Property of Inequality
You can add the same number to You can subtract the same number
both sides of an inequality and the from both sides of an inequality
inequality will remain true. and the inequality will remain true.
EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4b
Solve each inequality. Graph and check the solution.

A x + 5 < -12

STEP 1 Solve the inequality.
x + 5 < -12 Use the Subtraction Property of Inequality.

-5 -5 Subtract 5 from both sides.
x < -17
STEP 2 Graph the solution.
-20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10
STEP 3 Check the solution. Substitute a solution from the shaded

part of your number line into the original inequality.
?
-18 + 5 < -12 Substitute -18 for x into x + 5 < -12.
-13 < -12 The inequality is true.

204 Unit 3
B 8≤ y-3
8 ≤y - 3 Use the Addition Property of Inequality.

+
_ 3 +
_ 3 Add 3 to both sides.
11 ≤ y You can rewrite 11 ≤ y as y ≥ 11.
Math Talk
Mathematical Practices
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 How does the true inequality
you found by substituting 12
into the original inequality
STEP 3 Check the solution. Substitute a solution from the shaded help you check
part of your number line into the original inequality. the solution?
?
8 ≤ 12 - 3 Substitute 12 for y in 8 ≤ y - 3.
8≤ 9 The inequality is true.
YOUR TURN
Personal
4. y - 5 ≥ -7 Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention
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-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5. 21 > 12 + x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Solving Inequalities Involving

Multiplication and Division
You can use properties of inequality to solve inequalities involving
multiplication and division with rational numbers. Math On the Spot
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Multiplication and Division Properties of Inequality

• You can multiply or divide both sides of an inequality by the same
positive number and the inequality will remain true.
• If you multiply or divide both sides of an inequality by the same
negative number, you must reverse the inequality symbol for the
statement to still be true.
Lesson 7.1 205

EXAMPLE 2 COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4b

y
A _3 ≥ 5
My Notes
3 ( _3 ) ≥ 3(5)
y
Multiply both sides by 3. Use a closed circle
to show that 15 is
y ≥ 15 a solution.

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
STEP 3 Check the solution by substituting a solution from the shaded

part of the graph into the original inequality. For convenience,
choose a multiple of 3.
18 ?
__
3
≥5 Substitute 18 for x in the original inequality.
6≥5 The inequality is true.
B -4x > 52
-4x > 52
-4x
____ 52
< ___ Divide both sides by -4.
-4 -4 Reverse the inequality symbol.
x < -13
-15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8
STEP 3 Check your answer using substitution.

?
-4(-15) > 52 Substitute -15 for x in -4x > 52.

60 > 52 The statement is true.
YOUR TURN
6. -10y < 60 - 10 - 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0 1
Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment 7. 7 ≥ - __t -47 -46 -45 -44 -43 -42 -41 -40
and Intervention 6
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206 Unit 3
Solving a Real-World Problem
Although elevations below sea level are represented by negative numbers, we
often use absolute values to describe these elevations. For example, -50 feet
relative to sea level might be described as 50 feet below sea level.
Math On the Spot
Problem
my.hrw.com
EXAMPL 3
EXAMPLE Solving
COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4b
A marine submersible descends more than 40 feet below sea level. As it

descends from sea level, the change in elevation is -5 feet per second. For
how many seconds does it descend?
Analyze Information
Rewrite the question as a statement.
• Find the number of seconds that the submersible descends below
sea level.
List the important information:
• Final elevation > 40 feet below sea level or final elevation < -40 feet
• Rate of descent = -5 feet per second
Formulate a Plan
Write and solve an inequality. Use this fact:
Rate of change in elevation × Time in seconds = Final elevation
JJustify
Ju
Solve
ust
stif
tif
ifyy and
and Evaluate
Eval
alua
lua
uatte
-5t < -40 Rate of change × Time < Final elevation
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Jeffrey L.
-5t > ____

____ -40
-5 -5 Divide both sides by -5. Reverse the inequality symbol.
t> 8 Animated
Math
The submersible descends for more than 8 seconds. my.hrw.com
Justify and Evaluate

Rotman/Peter Arnold Inc/Getty Images
Check your answer by substituting a value greater than 8 seconds in the

original inequality.
?
-5(9) < -40 Substitute 9 for t in the inequality -5t < -40.
-45 < -40 The statement is true.
YOUR TURN
8. Every month, $35 is withdrawn from Tony’s savings account to pay for
his gym membership. He has enough savings to withdraw no more than
Personal
$315. For how many months can Tony pay for his gym membership? Math Trainer
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and Intervention
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Lesson 7.1 207

Guided Practice
Write the resulting inequality. (Explore Activity)
1. -5 ≤ -2; Add 7 to both sides
2. -6 < -3; Divide both sides by -3
3. 7 > -4; Subtract 7 from both sides
4. -1 ≥ -8; Multiply both sides by -2
Solve each inequality. Graph and check the solution. (Examples 1 and 2)
5. n - 5 ≥ -2 6. 3 + x < 7
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
7. -7y ≤ 14 8. __b5 > -1
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
9. For a scientific experiment, a physicist must make sure that the

temperature of a metal at 0 °C gets no colder than -80 °C. The physicist
changes the metal’s temperature at a steady rate of -4 °C per hour. For
how long can the physicist change the temperature? (Example 3)
a. Let t represent temperature in degrees Celsius. Write an inequality.
Use the fact that the rate of change in temperature times the
number of hours equals the final temperature.
b. Solve the inequality in part a. How long can the physicist

change the temperature of the metal?

c. The physicist has to repeat the experiment if the metal gets
cooler than -80 °C. How many hours would the physicist have
to cool the metal for this to happen?
?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN
10. Suppose you are solving an inequality. Under what circumstances do

you reverse the inequality symbol?
208 Unit 3
Name Class Date
7.1 Independent Practice Personal

Math Trainer
COMMON Online
CORE 7.EE.4b Assessment and
my.hrw.com Intervention
In 11–16, solve each inequality. Graph and check the solution.
11. x - 35 > 15 19. Geometry The sides of the hexagon

shown are equal in length. The perimeter
of the hexagon is at most 42 inches. Find the
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
possible side lengths of the hexagon.
12. 193 + y ≥ 201
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
q
13. - __ ≥ -1
7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
20. To get a free meal at his favorite restaurant,
14. -12x < 60 Tom needs to spend $50 or more at the
restaurant. He has already spent $30.25.
How much more does Tom need to spend
-10 -9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0
to get his free meal?
15. 5 > z - 3
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21. To cover a rectangular region of her yard,

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Penny needs at least 170.5 square feet of
sod. The length of the region is 15.5 feet.
y
16. 0.5 ≤ __ What are the possible widths of the region?
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
22. Draw Conclusions A submarine descends
from sea level to the entrance of an
17. The vet says that Lena’s puppy will grow
underwater cave. The elevation of the
to be at most 28 inches tall. Lena’s puppy
entrance is -120 feet. The rate of change
is currently 1 foot tall. How many more
in the submarine’s elevation is less than
inches will the puppy grow?
-12 feet per second. Can the submarine
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reach the entrance to the cave in less than

10 seconds? Explain.
18. In a litter of 7 kittens, each kitten weighs
less than 3.5 ounces. Find all the possible
values of the combined weights of the
kittens.
Lesson 7.1 209

The sign shows some prices at a produce stand.
23. Selena has $10. What is the greatest amount of Produce Price per Pound
spinach she can buy? Onions $1.25
Yellow Squash $0.99
Spinach $3.00
24. Gary has enough money to buy at most 5.5 pounds Potatoes $0.50
of potatoes. How much money does Gary have?
25. Florence wants to spend no more than $3 on onions. Will she be able to
buy 2.5 pounds of onions? Explain.
FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area
26. Counterexamples John says that if one side of an inequality is 0, you

don’t have to reverse the inequality symbol when you multiply or divide
both sides by a negative number. Find an inequality that you can use
to disprove John’s statement. Explain your thinking.
27. Look for a Pattern Solve x + 1 > 10, x + 11 > 20, and x + 21 > 30.
Describe a pattern. Then use the pattern to predict the solution of
x + 9,991 > 10,000.
28. Persevere in Problem Solving The base of a rectangular prism has a

length of 13 inches and a width of _12 inch. The volume of the prism is less
than 65 cubic inches. Find all possible heights of the prism. Show your work.
210 Unit 3
Activity 7.1
INSTRUCTIONS
STEP 1 Get an activity card from your teacher. Each card has a one-step
inequality printed on it. Find the solution of the inequality.
2 2
STEP Find and form a group with all other students whose inequalities have
the same solution as your inequality.
x - 6 < -11 2.5x < 12.5

12 5
Solution
x<5
x + 4. 5 < 9.
5 - ___x_ > -1
5
STEP 3 Using one of the diagrams on the next page, work with the members of
your group to write each one-step inequality in the rectangle labeled
with the property used to solve it. Group members should fill in their
own diagrams each round.
STEP 4 Complete the diagram by writing the common solution in the center
rectangle.
2.5x < 12.5

ROUND x - 6 < -1
1
Division Property of Inequality Addition Property of Inequality
x<5
Multiplication Property of Inequality Subtraction Property of Inequality
- __5x > -1 x + 4.5 < 9.5
STEP 5 If you cannot form a complete group of four students, write your own
one-step inequalities with the shared solution in any empty boxes.
Highlight any inequalities that you write yourself.
STEP 6 Turn in the inequality cards to the teacher.
STEP 7 Repeat Steps 1–6 for each round.
Activity 7.1 210A

ROUND
1
ROUND
2
ROUND
3
ROUND
4

ROUND
5
210B Unit 3
LESSON
Writing Two-Step
7.2
COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4
Use variables to represent
quantities in a real-world
Inequalities or mathematical problem,
and construct simple...
inequalities…
How do you write a two-step inequality?
COMMON
Prep for 7.EE.4
Modeling Two-Step Inequalities

You can use algebra tiles to model two-step inequalities.
Use algebra tiles to model 2k + 5 ≥ - 3.

A Using the line on the mat, draw in the + + + + - - -
inequality symbol shown in the inequality.
+ + +
B How can you model the left side of the
inequality?
C How can you model the right side of the inequality?
D Use algebra tiles or draw them to model the inequality on the mat.
Reflect
1. Multiple Representations How does your model differ from the one
you would draw to model the equation 2k + 5 = - 3?
2. Why might you need to change the inequality sign when you solve an
inequality using algebra tiles?
Lesson 7.2 211

Writing Two-Step Inequalities
You can write two-step inequalities to represent real-world problems by
translating the words of the problems into numbers, variables, and operations.
Math On the Spot

my.hrw.com EXAMPLE 1 COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4
A mountain climbing team is camped at an altitude

of 18,460 feet on Mount Everest. The team wants
to reach the 29,029-foot summit within 6 days.
Write an inequality to find the average number of
feet per day the team must climb to accomplish its
objective.
STEP 1 Identify what you are trying to find. This
will be the variable in the inequality.
Let d represent the average altitude the

team must gain each day.
STEP 2 Identify important information in the problem
that you can use to write an inequality.
starting altitude: 18,460 ft target altitude: 29,029 ft
number of days times altitude gained to reach target altitude: 6 · d
STEP 3 Use words in the problem to tie the information together and write
an inequality.
Math Talk is greater
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starting number altitude target
Mathematical Practices + times than or
altitude of days gain altitude
Why is the inequality equal to
sign ≥ used, rather than
an equal sign?
18,460 + 6 × d ≥ 29,029
18,460 + 6d ≥ 29,029
YOUR TURN
3.
$IPJDF3'4VQFS4UPDL
The 45 members of the glee club are trying to raise $6,000 so they can
compete in the state championship. They already have $1,240. What
inequality can you write to find the amount each member must raise, on
average, to meet the goal?
4. Ella has $40 to spend at the State Fair. Admission is $6 and each ride costs $3.
Personal Write an inequality to find the greatest number of rides she can go on.
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212 Unit 3
Writing a Verbal Description
of a Two-Step Inequality
You can also write a verbal description to fit a two-step inequality.
Math On the Spot
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EXAMPL 2
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4
Write a corresponding real-world problem to represent 2x + 20 ≤ 50. My Notes

STEP 1 Analyze what each part of the inequality means mathematically.
x is the solution of the problem, the quantity you are looking for.
2x means that, for a reason given in the problem, the quantity you
are looking for is multiplied by 2.
+ 20 means that, for a reason given in the problem, 20 is added
to 2x.
≤ 50 means that after multiplying the solution x by 2 and adding

20 to it, the result can be no greater than 50.
STEP 2 Think of some different situations in which a quantity x is
multiplied by 2.
You run x miles per day for 2 days. You buy 2 items each costing x
So, 2x is the total distance run. dollars. So, 2x is the total cost.
STEP 3 Build on the situation and adjust it to create a verbal description

that takes all of the information into account.
• Tomas has run 20 miles so far this week. If he intends to run

50 miles or less, how many miles on average should he run on
each of the 2 days remaining in the week?
• Manny buys 2 work shirts that are each the same price. After
using a $20 gift card, he can spend no more than $50. What is
the maximum amount he can spend on each shirt?
YOUR TURN
Write a real-world problem for each inequality.
5. 3x + 10 > 30 6. 5x - 50 ≤ 100
Personal
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Lesson 7.2 213

Guided Practice
Draw algebra tiles to model each two-step inequality. (Explore Activity)
1. 4x - 5 < 7 2. - 3x + 6 > 9
+ - - - + + + + - + + + + + +
+ - - + + + - + + + + + +
+ - + + +
+
3. The booster club needs to raise at least $7,000 for new football uniforms.
So far, they have raised $1,250. Write an inequality to find the average
amounts each of the 92 members can raise to meet the club’s objective.
(Example 1)
Let a represent the amount each member must raise.

amount to be raised: amount already raised: number of members:
Use clues in the problem to write an equation.
plus times amount each target

member amount
raises
1,250 + × ≥
The inequality that represents the situation is .

4. Analyze what each part of 7x - 18 ≤ 32 means mathematically. (Example 2)
x is . 7x is .

- 18 means that .
≤ 32 means that
5. Write a real-world problem to represent 7x - 18 ≤ 32.
?
6. Describe the steps you would follow to write a two-step inequality you
can use to solve a real-world problem.
214 Unit 3
Name Class Date

Math Trainer
COMMON
Online
CORE 7.EE.4 Assessment and
7. Three friends earned more than $200 11. Liz earns a salary of $2,100 per month, plus
washing cars. They paid their parents $28 a commission of 5% of her sales. She wants
for supplies and divided the rest of money to earn at least $2,400 this month. Write an
equally. Write an inequality to find possible inequality to find amounts of sales that will
amounts each friend earned. Identify what meet her goal. Identify what your variable
your variable represents. represents.
8. Nick has $7.00. Bagels cost $0.75 each, 12. Lincoln Middle School plans to collect
and a small container of cream cheese more than 2,000 cans of food in a food
costs $1.29. Write an inequality to find the drive. So far, 668 cans have been collected.
numbers of bagels Nick can buy. Identify Write an inequality to find numbers of cans
what your variable represents. the school can collect on each of the final 7
days of the drive to meet this goal. Identify
what your variable represents.
9. Chet needs to buy 4 work shirts, all costing

the same amount. After he uses a $25 gift
certificate, he can spend no more than $75. 13. Joanna joins a CD club. She pays $7 per
Write an inequality to find the possible month plus $10 for each CD that she
costs for a shirt. Identify what your variable orders. Write an inequality to find how
represents. many CDs she can purchase in a month if
she spends no more than $100. Identify
what your variable represents.
10. Due to fire laws, no more than 720 people

may attend a performance at Metro
Auditorium. The balcony holds 120 people. 14. Lionel wants to buy a belt that costs $22.
There are 32 rows on the ground floor, He also wants to buy some shirts that are
each with the same number of seats. on sale for $17 each. He has $80. What
Write an inequality to find the numbers of inequality can you write to find the number
people that can sit in a ground-floor row of shirts he can buy? Identify what your
if the balcony is full. Identify what your variable represents.
variable represents.
Lesson 7.2 215

15. Write a situation for 15x - 20 ≤ 130 and solve.
Analyze Relationships Write >, <, ≥, or ≤ in the blank to express the given relationship.
16. m is at least 25 m 25 17. k is no greater than 9 k 9
18. p is less than 48 p 48 19. b is no more than -5 b -5
20. h is at most 56 h 56 21. w is no less than 0 w 0
22. Critical Thinking Marie scored 95, 86, and 89 on three science tests. She
wants her average score for 6 tests to be at least 90. What inequality can
you write to find the average scores that she can get on her next three
tests to meet this goal? Use s to represent the lowest average score.
23. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Write an inequality that expresses

the reason the lengths 5 feet, 10 feet, and 20 feet could not be used to
make a triangle. Explain how the inequality demonstrates that fact.

24. Analyze Relationships The number m satisfies the relationship m < 0.
Write an inequality expressing the relationship between -m and 0.
Explain your reasoning.
25. Analyze Relationships The number n satisfies the relationship n > 0.

Write three inequalities to express the relationship between n and _n1 .
216 Unit 3
LESSON
Solving Two-Step
7.3
COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4b
Solve...inequalities of the
form px + q > r or px +
Inequalities q < r, where p, q, and r are
specific rational numbers.
Graph the solution set...and
interpret it in the context of
the problem.
How do you solve a two-step inequality?
COMMON
Prep for 7.EE.4b
Modeling and Solving Two-Step

Inequalities Math On the Spot
You can solve two-step inequalities using algebra tiles. The method is similar my.hrw.com
to the one you used to solve two-step equations.
EXAMPLE 1 Use algebra tiles to model and solve 4d - 3 ≥ 9.
STEP 1 Model the inequality. On the left side of the mat,

place positive variable tiles and + + + +
-1-tiles. On the right side, place + ≥
+ +
+1-tiles. Use a “≥” symbol between + + +
the sides. + + +
STEP 2 Add +1-tiles to both sides of the mat

to produce zero pairs with the three -1-tiles. + + + + +
+ + ≥
+ + +
+ + + + +
+ + + +
STEP 3 Remove zero pairs from the left side

+ + + +
of the mat.
+ ≥
+ + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
STEP 4 Divide each side into equal groups. + + + +

+ ≥
+ + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
STEP 5 The solution is . + ≥ + + +
Lesson 7.3 217

EXPLORE ACTIVITY (cont’d)
YOUR TURN
Use algebra tiles to model and solve each inequality. Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
1. 2x + 7 > 11 2. 5h - 4 ≥ 11 and Intervention
my.hrw.com
Solving and Interpreting Solutions

You can apply what you know about solving two-step equations and one-step
inequalities to solving two-step inequalities.
Math On the Spot

my.hrw.com EXAMPLE 2 COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4b
Serena wants to complete the first 3 miles of a 10-mile run in 45 minutes or

less running at a steady pace. The inequality 10 - 0.75p ≤ 7 can be used to
find p, the pace, in miles per hour, she can run to reach her goal. Solve the
inequality. Then graph and interpret the solution.
STEP 1 Use inverse operations to solve the inequality.
10 - 0.75p ≤ 7
-10 -10 Subtract 10 from both sides.
-0.75p ≤-3
-0.75p ______
_______ ≥ -3 Divide both sides by -0.75.
-0.75 -0.75 Reverse the inequality symbol.
p≥4
STEP 2 Graph the inequality and interpret the circle and the arrow.
Serena can meet her goal by running
Math Talk at a pace of 4 miles per hour.
Mathematical Practices

In Example 2, how will the
graph change if Serena’s 0 2 4 6 8 10
maximum pace is 12 Serena can run at paces faster than 4 miles
miles per hour?
per hour and reach her goal.
Serena has to run at a steady pace of at least 4 miles per hour.
YOUR TURN
3. Joshua wants to complete the first mile of a 5-mile run in 10 minutes or less
p
running at a steady pace. The inequality 5 - _6 ≤ 4 can be used to find p, the
pace, in miles per hour, he can run to reach his goal. Solve the inequality.
Personal
Math Trainer Then graph and interpret the solution.
Online Assessment
and Intervention 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
my.hrw.com
218 Unit 3
Determining if a Given Value Makes
the Inequality True
You can use substitution to decide whether a given value is the solution
of an inequality. Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
EXAMPL 3
EXAMPLE COMMON
CORE 7.EE.4b
At Gas ‘n’ Wash, gasoline sells for $4.00 a gallon CAR WASH
and a car wash costs $12. Harika wants to have
her car washed and keep her total purchase
under $60. The inequality 4g + 12 < 60 can be
used to find g, the number of gallons of gas
she can buy. Determine which, if any, of these My Notes
values is a solution: g = 10; g = 11; g = 12.
STEP 1 Substitute each value for g in the

inequality 4g + 12 < 60.
g = 10 g = 11 g = 12
4(10) + 12 < 60 4(11) + 12 < 60 4(12) + 12 < 60
STEP 2 Evaluate each expression to see if a true inequality results.
? ? ?
4(10) + 12 < 60 4(11) + 12 < 60 4(12) + 12 < 60
? ? ?
40 + 12 < 60 44 + 12 < 60 48 + 12 < 60
? ? ?
52 < 60 56 < 60 60 < 60
true ✓ true ✓ not true ✗
So, Harika can buy 10 or 11 gallons of gas but not 12 gallons.

Check: Solve and graph the inequality.
4g + 12 < 60
4g < 48
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
g < 12
The closed circle at zero represents the minimum amount she can buy, zero
gallons. She cannot buy a negative number of gallons. The open circle at 12
means that she can buy any amount up to but not including 12 gallons.
Lesson 7.3 219

YOUR TURN
Circle any given values that make the inequality true.
Personal
Math Trainer 4. 3v - 8 > 22 5. 5h + 12 ≤ -3
Online Assessment
and Intervention v = 9; v = 10; v = 11 h = -3; h = -4; h = -5
my.hrw.com
Guided Practice
1. Describe how to solve the inequality 3x + 4 < 13
using algebra tiles. (Explore Activity Example 1)
+ + + + + + + +
+ + < + + + +
+ + + + + +
Solve each inequality. Graph and check the solution. (Example 2)
2. 5d - 13 < 32 3. -4b + 9 ≤ -7
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Circle any given values that make the inequality true. (Example 3)
4. 2m + 18 > -4 5. -6y + 3 ≥ 0
m = -12; m = -11; m = -10 y = 1; y = _12 ; y = 0
6. Lizzy has 6.5 hours to tutor 4 students and spend
1.5 hours in a lab. She plans to tutor each student the 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
same amount of time. The inequality 6.5 - 4t ≥ 1.5 can
be used to find t, the amount of time in hours Lizzy could
spend with each student. Solve the inequality. Graph and

interpret the solution. Can Lizzy tutor each student for
1.5 hours? Explain. (Examples 2 and 3)
?
7. How do you solve a two-step inequality?
220 Unit 3
Name Class Date

Math Trainer
COMMON
Online
CORE 7.EE.4b Assessment and

8. 2s + 5 ≥ 49
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
9. -3t + 9 ≥ -21
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10
10. 55 > -7v + 6

- 10 - 9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
11. 41 > 6m - 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
a + 15 > 23
12. ___
-8 - 70 - 69 - 68 - 67 - 66 - 65 - 64 - 63 - 62 - 61 - 60
13. __f - 22 < 48

2 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150
14. -25 + __t ≥ 50

2 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180
g
15. 10 + ___ > 12
-9 - 20 - 19 - 18 - 17 - 16 - 15 - 14 - 13 - 12 - 11 - 10
16. 25.2 ≤ -1.5y + 1.2

- 20 - 19 - 18 - 17 - 16 - 15 - 14 - 13 - 12 - 11 - 10
17. -3.6 ≥ -0.3a + 1.2

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
18. What If? The perimeter of a rectangle is at most 80 inches. The length
of the rectangle is 25 inches. The inequality 80 - 2w ≥ 50 can be used to
find w, the width of the rectangle in inches. Solve the inequality. Graph
and interpret the solution. How will the solution change if the width must
be at least 10 inches and a whole number?
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Lesson 7.3 221

19. Interpret the Answer Grace earns $7 for each car she washes. She always
saves $25 of her weekly earnings. This week, she wants to have at least $65
in spending money. How many cars must she wash? Write and solve an
inequality to represent this situation. Interpret the solution in context.
20. Critical Thinking Is there any value of x with the property that x < x - 1?
Explain your reasoning.
21. Analyze Relationships A compound inequality consists of two simple

equalities joined by the word “and” or “or.” Graph the solution sets of each
of these compound inequalities.
a. x > 2 and x < 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
b. x < 2 or x > 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
c. Describe the solution set of the compound inequality x < 2 and x > 7.
d. Describe the solution set of the compound inequality x > 2 or x < 7.

22. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Joseph used the problem-solving
strategy Work Backward to solve the inequality 2n + 5 < 13. Shawnee
solved the inequality using the algebraic method you used in this lesson.
Compare the two methods.
222 Unit 3
Activity 7.3
INSTRUCTIONS
STEP 1 The teacher will hand three students in your group a stack of
Inequalitrio cards.
• If you are given cards with inequalities or graphs, first shuffle the
cards. Then deal one card at a time face-down to each student in
your group until all the cards are distributed.
• If you are given cards with real-world problems, wait until the other
cards are dealt, then deal one card face-up to each student. Set aside
any extras.
Savings
has
ney ffor a bike. She
Maisey is saving mo must she
$110. Ho w mu ch
already saved al
wants to have a tot
save per week if she we eks?
s
00 sav ed in 10
of at least $3
STEP 2 Examine your real-world problem and record the title of the problem on
a piece of paper. Then write and solve an inequality that matches your
problem situation. Let the variable be x.
Savings
Maisey is saving mo
ney for
Savings already saved $110.
f a bike. She has
How much must she
save per week if she
300
110 + 10x ≥
wants to have a tot
of at least $300 sav al
ed in 10 weeks?
-110 s
-110
10x ≥ 190
10x ≥ 190
10 10
x ≥ 19
Activity 7.3 222A

STEP 3 Turn your inequality and graph cards face-up.
300
250
200
80x > 220 1
3
150
100
50
0
STEP 4 Keep your real-world problem card, and, using your group members’
papers to guide you, take turns distributing your inequality and graph
cards to the group members with the matching problem situations. Set
aside any inequality and graph cards that don’t match any situation.
Continue until you each have a trio of cards—real-world problem,
inequality, and graph—that all represent the same situation.
Savings
bikee.. She hass
f a bik
ey for
Maisey is saving mon she
. How much must
already saved $110 l
wants to have a tota
save per week if she
110 + 10s ≥ 300
ed in 10 weeks? s
of at least $300 sav
20 24
0 4 8 12 16
STEP 5 When you have completed your trios, work with another student
in your group to verify that the cards in each of your trios match. If

not, identify and correct any mistakes you made on your paper, or
exchange cards as needed.
(Note: The inequality on your paper and on the card may not match
exactly, but they must be equivalent.)
STEP 6 Once all group members are satisfied that the matches are correct, let
your teacher know that you all agree. If instructed, repeat the activity
using all of the inequality and graph cards, but only the unused real-
world problem cards that you set aside in Step 1.
222B Unit 3
MODULE QUIZ
Ready Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
7.1 Writing and Solving One-Step Inequalities and Intervention
Solve each inequality. my.hrw.com
1. n + 7 < -3 2. 5p ≥ -30
d
3. 14 < k + 11 4. ___
-3
≤ -6
5. c - 2.5 ≤ 2.5 6. 12 ≥ -3b
7. Jose has scored 562 points on his math tests so far this semester. To get
an A for the semester, he must score at least 650 points. Write and solve
an inequality to find the minimum number of points he must score on the
remaining tests in order to get an A.
7.2 Writing Two-Step Inequalities

8. During a scuba dive, Lainey descended to a point 20 feet below the ocean
surface. She continued her descent at a rate of 20 feet per minute. Write an
inequality you could solve to find the number of minutes she can continue to
descend if she does not want to reach a point more than 100 feet below the
ocean surface.
7.3 Solving Two-Step Inequalities

Solve.
d
9. 2s + 3 > 15 10. -__ -6<1
12
11. -6w - 18 ≥ 36 12. _z + 22 ≤ 38

4
13. __b - 34 < -36 14. -2p + 12 > 8
9
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
15. How can you recognize whether a real-world situation should be represented
by an equation or an inequality?
Module 7 223
MODULE 7 MIXED REVIEW Personal
Math Trainer
Assessment Online
Assessment and
Readiness my.hrw.com Intervention
Selected Response 5. Which represents the solution for the

inequality 3x - 7 > 5?
1. Which graph models the solution of the
inequality -6 ≤ -3x? A x<4 C x>4
B x≤4 D x≥4
A -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
6. Which inequality has the following
B -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 graphed solution?
0 1 2 3 4 5
C -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
A 3x + 8 ≤ 2 C 2x + 5 ≤ 1
D -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
B 4x + 12 < 4 D 3x + 6 < 3
2. A taxi cab costs $1.75 for the first mile and 7. Divide: -36 ÷ 6.
$0.75 for each additional mile. You have $20
to spend on your ride. Which inequality could A 30 C -6
be solved to find how many miles you can B 6 D -30
travel, if n is the number of additional miles?
8. Eleni bought 2 pounds of grapes at a cost
A 1.75n + 0.75 ≥ 20
of $3.49 per pound. She paid with a $10
B 1.75n + 0.75 ≤ 20 bill. How much change did she get back?
C 0.75n + 1.75 ≥ 20 A $3.02 C $6.51
D 0.75n + 1.75 ≤ 20 B $4.51 D $6.98
3. The inequality _95 C + 32 < -40 can be used

to find Celsius temperatures that are less Mini-Task
than -40° Fahrenheit. What is the solution
of the inequality? 9. In golf, the lower your score, the better.

Negative scores are best of all. Teri scored
A C < 40 C C < -40 +1 on each of the first three holes at a
40 72 nine-hole miniature golf course. Her goal
B C < -__ D C < -__
9 5 is a total score of -9 or better after she has
4. The 30 members of a choir are trying to completed the final six holes.
raise at least $1,500 to cover travel costs
a. Let h represent the score Teri must
to a singing camp. They have already raised
average on each of the last six holes
$600. Which inequality could you solve to
in order to meet her goal. Write a two-
find the average amounts each member
step inequality you can solve to find h.
can raise that will at least meet the goal?
A 30x + 600 > 1,500
B 30x + 600 ≥ 1,500 b. Solve the inequality.
C 30x + 600 < 1,500
D 30x + 600 ≤ 1,500
224 Unit 3

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Many school groups and other organizations

Solve each equation, using inverse operations.

1. 9w = -54 2. b - 12 = 3 3. __n4 = -11

Locate Points on a Number Line

Graph each number on the number line.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8. 3 - (-5) 9. -4 - 5 10. 6 - 10 11. -5 - (-3)

12. 8 - (-8) 13. 9 - 5 14. -3 - 9 15. 0 - (-6)

1. A value of the variable that makes the equation true is a .

2. The set of all whole numbers and their opposites are .

3. An is an expression that contains at least

Unpacking the Standards

39 + 0.29m < 100

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©nawson/Alamy

and reverse the inequality.

A Complete the table.

B Complete the table.

Divide both Is new inequality

Lesson 7.1 203

3. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Explain how you know that

Solving Inequalities Involving

Addition and Subtraction Properties of Inequality

Solve each inequality. Graph and check the solution.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

x + 5 < -12 Use the Subtraction Property of Inequality.

STEP 3 Check the solution. Substitute a solution from the shaded

-13 < -12 The inequality is true.

8 ≤y - 3 Use the Addition Property of Inequality.

Solving Inequalities Involving

Multiplication and Division Properties of Inequality

Lesson 7.1 205

Solve each inequality. Graph and check the solution.

STEP 2 Graph the solution.

STEP 3 Check the solution by substituting a solution from the shaded

6≥5 The inequality is true.

STEP 3 Check your answer using substitution.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

A marine submersible descends more than 40 feet below sea level. As it

-5t > ____

Justify and Evaluate

Check your answer by substituting a value greater than 8 seconds in the

Lesson 7.1 207

1. -5 ≤ -2; Add 7 to both sides

2. -6 < -3; Divide both sides by -3

3. 7 > -4; Subtract 7 from both sides

4. -1 ≥ -8; Multiply both sides by -2

7. -7y ≤ 14 8. __b5 > -1

9. For a scientific experiment, a physicist must make sure that the

b. Solve the inequality in part a. How long can the physicist

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

10. Suppose you are solving an inequality. Under what circumstances do

7.1 Independent Practice Personal

In 11–16, solve each inequality. Graph and check the solution.

11. x - 35 > 15 19. Geometry The sides of the hexagon

12. 193 + y ≥ 201

21. To cover a rectangular region of her yard,

reach the entrance to the cave in less than

Lesson 7.1 209