T.J.

SENGINEERINGCOLLEGE
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Department of Mechanical Engineering

NAME OF THE SUBJECT: ENGINEERING MECHANICS

SUBJECT CODE : ME3351

REGULATION 2021

UNIT-V DYNAMICS OF PARTICLES

 DYNAMIC OF PARTICLES
Newton’s Law Of Motion

Newton”s Law

The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the resultant

force.

The Resultant Force acting in the direction of equal to the product of mass and the
acceleration in the direction of resultant Force.

∑ 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎

m= mass

a= acceleration

D’ Alembert’ Principle:

States that the inertia forces and couples, and the external forces and
torques on a body together give statical equilibrium.

Inertia is a property of mater by virture of which a body resists ay change

in velocity

𝐹𝐼 = −𝑚𝑔
Problem:1

What horizontal force is needed to give the 50 kg block shown in fig. With an
acceleration of 3𝑚⁄𝑠2 up the 20° plane. Assume the coefficient of friction b/w the
block and plane is 0.25.

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Given:

Weight of block W = 50 𝑘𝑔 = 50 × 9.81 = 490.5𝑁

Acceleration a=3 𝑚⁄𝑠2

Coefficient of friction = 0.25

To find:

Force on the block P

Soln:

Free body diagram

∑ 𝐹𝑋 = 𝑚 𝑎

P cos 20 − 𝑀𝑋𝑅𝑁 − w cos 70 = 50 × 3

𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 20 − 0.25 × 𝑅𝑁 − 490.5 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠 70 = 150 − − − − − −> (1)

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∑ 𝐹𝑌 = 0

𝑅𝑁 − 𝑝 𝑠𝑖𝑛 20 − 𝑤 𝑠𝑖𝑛 70 = 0

𝑅𝑁 − 𝑝 𝑠𝑖𝑛 20 − 490.5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 70 = 0

𝑅_𝑁 − 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑛20 − 490.5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 70 = 0

𝑅𝑁 = 0.34𝑃 − 460.91

RN value in Eqn (1)

𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑠20 − 0.25 [0.34 × 𝑝 − 490.91] − 490.5 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠70 = 150

0.93𝑝 − 0.085𝑝 + 122.72 − 167.76 = 150

0.845𝑃 − 45.04 = 150

0.845𝑃 = 150 + 45.04

0.845𝑃 = 195.04
195.04
𝑃=
0.845
𝑃 = 230.81𝑁

Problem:2

A block weighting 1KN, rest on a horizontal plane as shown in fig. Find the
force P required to give an acceleration of 3 m/s2 to right. Take the coefficient of
friction MK=0.25.

𝑃 = 750.056𝑁

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Problem:3

Two blocks weighting 300N and 450N are connected by a rope as shown fig. With
what acceleration the heavier block comes down, and what is the tension of the
rope. Pulley is frictionless and weight less.

soln : T

Free body diagram

300N

∑ 𝐹𝑋 = 𝑚𝑎
300
T−300= ×𝑎
9.81

𝑇 − 300 = 30.58 × 𝑎-----(1) 450N

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∑ 𝐹𝑌= m a
450
450 − 𝑇 = × 𝑎 ---- (1)
9.81

Solving Eqn (1) & (2)

𝑇 − 300 = 30.58 × 𝑎

450 − 𝑇 = 45.87 × 𝑎

150 = 76.45 × 𝑎
150
𝑎=
76.45
𝑎 = 1.962 𝑚/𝑠2

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 DYNAMIC OF PARTICLES

Dynamics

It is the branch of science which deals with the study of a body in motion.

Dynamic is further classified into two branches 1. Kinematics 2. Kinetics

Kinematics:

Kinematics is the study of motion of a moving body without considering the

force.

Kinetics:

Kinetics is the study of motion of a moving body with considering external

force.

Types of plane motion:

1. Rectilinear motion
2. Curvilinear motion

Rectilinear motion:

The motion of particle along a straight line.

Ex: A car moving straight road.

Ex: A stone vertically downward.

Curvilinear motion:

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 The motion of a particle along a curved path

Characteristic of Kinematics:

1. Displacement: ‘s’
The displacement of a moving particle is the change in its
position, during which the particle remains in motion. It is denoted by ‘s’
2. Speed:
It is distance travelled by the particle (or) body along the path
per unit time.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝
Speed =
𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧
3. Velocity ‘v’
It is the rate of change displacement.
Velocity = Distance travelled in a particular direction

Time taken 𝑚⁄𝑠

4. Acceleration ‘a’

It is the rate of change of velocity acceleration

𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲
a=
𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧

𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲~𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲

a=
𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧

Negative acceleration is called retardation [When final velocity < Initial velocity]

5. Average velocity
𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 ∆𝒙
Average velocity= =
𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 ∆𝒕

Average speed Total distance travelled

6. =
Average speed Total time taken

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Mathematically Expression for Velocity and Acceleration:

Let s=Distance travelled by a particle in a straight line

t=time taken by the particle travelled this distance

𝑑𝑠
Velocity=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣 𝑑
Acceleration= = ( 𝑑 ) =d2s/dt2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Types of Rectilinear Motion:

1. Uniform acceleration
2. Variable acceleration

Rectilinear motion with uniform acceleration:

Eqn of motion in a straight line:

Consider the particle moving the uniform acceleration is a straight line.

Let u = Initial velocity (𝑚⁄𝑠)

v = final velocity (𝑚⁄𝑠)

s=Distance travelled (m)

t=time taken by the particle by the change from the u to v

a=acceleration of particle m/s2

change o velocity=final velocity−Intial velocity

=v−u
change of velocity
Acceleration=
time taken
v−u
a=
t

a t = v−u

v=u+at---------------- > (1)

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 Initial velocity+final velocity
Average velocity=
2
u+v
=
2

Distance traveled by the particle in +sec

s=Average velocity ×time

s=(u+v)t ---------------- >(2)

2
distance
velocity=
time
s
v=
t

𝑠=𝑣𝑡
𝑢+𝑣
𝑠= ×𝑡
2
2𝑠 = 𝑢+𝑣+𝑡

2𝑠/𝑡 = 𝑢 + 𝑣
2𝑠
𝑢+𝑣 = v= u+at
𝑡
2𝑠
u+𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 =
𝑡

(2𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡)𝑡
𝑠=
2
2𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡2
𝑠=
2
2𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡2
𝑠=
2
2𝑢𝑡 𝑎𝑡2
𝑠= ≠
2 2
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 1⁄2 𝑎𝑡

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

s= 𝑢𝑡 + 1⁄2 𝑎𝑡2
𝑣−𝑢
from (1) v= 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 t=
𝑎

𝑣−𝑢 1 𝑣−𝑢
𝑠 = 𝑢( )+ 𝑎× ( )2
𝑎 2 𝑎
𝑢𝑣 − 𝑢2 1 𝑣−𝑢
𝑠= + 𝑎( )
𝑎 2 𝑎2
𝑢𝑣 𝑢2 1 𝑣2 + 𝑢2 − 2𝑣𝑢
𝑠= − +
𝑎 𝑎 2 𝑎
𝑢𝑣 𝑢2 𝑣2 𝑢2 2𝑢𝑣
𝑠= − + + −
𝑎 𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎
1
𝑠= [𝑢𝑣 × 2 − 𝑢2 × 2 + 𝑣2 + 𝑢2 − 2𝑢𝑣]
2
𝑎
1
s= [2uv − 2u2 + v2 + u2 − 2uv]
2a

1
𝑠= [𝑣2 − 𝑢2]
2𝑎
2 𝑎𝑠 = 𝑣2 − 𝑢2

v2 =u2+2a

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Impact of Elastic Bodies:

A collision between two bodies to be an impact, if the bodies are in contact

for short interval of a time and exert very large force on a short period of time.

On impact bodies deform first and then recover due to elastic properties and
start moving with different velocities.

Types of Impact:

 Line of impact
 Direct impact
 Oblique impact
 Central impact
 Eccentric impact

Perfectly Elastic impact: [e=1]

If both of bodies regain to their original shape and size after the impact. Both
momentum and energy is conserved.

In elastic impact [e<1]

The collision do not return to their original shape and size completely after
the collection. Only the momentum remains conserved, but there is a loss energy.

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Period of collision:

During the collection, the bodies undergo a deformation for a small time
interval and then recover the deformation in a further small interval.

Time elapse b/w initial contact and maximum deformation is called the
period of deformation. And the instant of separation is called time of restitution or
period of recovery.

Principal of collision:

Consider 2 bodies approach each other with the velocity v1 and v2 masses m1
and m2 are shown in fig.

Let ‘F’ be force entered due to collection at a small time. Apply conservation of
momentum principal for both bodies

𝑚1𝑣1 + 𝑚2𝑣2 = 𝑚1𝑣11 + 𝑚2𝑣21

Newton’s impact Eqn:

𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Coefficient of restitution, e=
𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐ℎ
𝑣 1𝑣 1
2 1
e=
𝑣1−𝑣2

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Total kinetic energy at before impact
1 1 2
= 𝑚1𝑣 + 2 𝑚2𝑣2
2

Total kinetic energy at after impact

1 1 2 1 12
= 2 𝑚1𝑣1 + 2 𝑚2𝑣2

Loss of K.E=Intial K.E − Final K.E

Oblique:

V1 sin ∝1 = V11 sin 𝜃1

V2 sin ∝1 = V2 sin 𝜃1
m1 v1 cos ∝1+m1v 11 cos 𝜃1+m2v21 cos 𝜃2 m1=m2

V21 cos 𝜃2 – V11 cos 𝜃1

e=

V1 cos ∝1 – V2 cos ∝2

Problem based on impact of elastic body:

1. A sphere of 1 kg moving at 3 m/s, collides with another sphere of weight of

5 kg in the same Direction at 0.6 m/s. If the collision is perfectly elastic, find
the velocity after impact.

Given: v1=3m/s v2=0.6m/s

m1=1 kg

m2=5 kg m1 m2

v1=3 m/s

v2=0.6 m/s

Perfectly elastic impact e= 1

To find:

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 Velocity at after the impact V11 & V21

Soln:l

Law of conservation of momentum

m1v1 + m2v2= m 1v 11+m2v2

1×3+5×0.6=1 v11+5 v21

V11+5 V21 = 6------- > (1)

The coefficient of restitution, e = V21−V11

V1−V2

e = 1[perfectly Elastic Impact]

1= V21−V11

3− 0.6

V21−V21=1× [3−0.6]

V21−V11=2.4 ------ > (2)

Solve Eqn (1) & (2)

V11+5 V21 = 6

V21− V11 = 2.4

6 V21= 8.4

V21 = 8.4/6

V21= 1.4 m/s

V21 value sub in Eqn (1)

V11+5 V21= 6 --------> V11= 6 –[5×V21]

V11+= 6− [5×1.4]

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V11= − 1 m/s

V11= 1 m/s

2. A car weighting 5 KN is moving east with a velocity of 54 k m p h and

collide with a second car weighting 12 KN is moving west with a velocity
of 72 k m p h If the impact is perfectly plastic, what will be the velocities of
the cars. V1=54km/h v2=-72km/h

Given:

W1= 5𝐾𝑁 W2= 12𝐾𝑁

M1= 5⁄9.81 M2= 12⁄981

W1= 5 KN = 5⁄9.81 = 0.509 kg = m1

W2= 12 KN = 12⁄9.81 = 1.22 kg =m2

V1=54 km/hr

V2= −72 km/hr

To Find:

Velocity of car

Soln:

Law of conservation momentum

m1 v1+m2 v2=m 1v 11+m v2 12

Perfectly plastic means e=0

∴ v11= v 22=e

0.509×54+1.22× [−72] =0.509×v11+1.22×v 21

27.486 − 87.84 = [0.509 𝑉 𝑐 + 1.22]

− 60.354 = 𝑉𝑐 × 1.729

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 Vc = − 60.354

1.729

𝑉𝑐 = − 34.90 𝑘𝑚/ ℎ𝑟

3. Direct central impact occurs between 300N body moving to right with a
velocity of 6 m/s and 150N body moving to the left with a velocity of 10
m/s. Find the velocity of each body after the impact if the coefficient of
restitution is 0.8.

Same as problem No:1

Ans: V21=9.2 m/s

V11= − 3.6 m/s

4. Two bodies, one of which 20N and velocity 10 m/s and the other of 100N
with a velocity of m/s downward,each other and implinges centerlly. Find
the velocity of each body of the impact if the coefficient of restitution is 0.6.
Find also the loss in kinetic energy due to impact.

Given data:
20
W1=20N m1= m1=2.038 kg
9.81

V1=10 m/s
100
W2=100N m1= m2=10.19 kg
9.81

V2= − 10 m/s

Coefficient of restitution, e= 0.6

To find:

Final velocity After impact V11 & V21

Loss of kinetic Energy.

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 Soln:

Law of conservation of Energy

m1 v1+ m2 v2=m1v11+m2v 21

(2.038×10) + (10.19× −10) = 2.038 v 11+10.19×v 21

20.38−101.9 = 2.038v11+10.19 v21

− 81.52 = 2.038 v 11+10.19 v 21

2.038 v 11+10.19 v 21= − 81.52 ---------> (1)

If coefficient of restitution Eg ‘e’ is given

e = V21−V 11

V1− V2

0.6 = V21−V11 V21−V11

10− (−10) 20

V21−V11= 20×0.6

V21−V 11= 12 -------- > (2)

Solve Eqn (1) & (2)

2.038 V11+ 10.19 V 21 = − 81.52 ------ > (1)

Eqn (2) × 2.037 2.038 V21− 2.038 V 11 = 24.456

12.228 V21= − 57.06

−57.06
V21= 12.228

V21= −4.66 m/s

V21 value sub in Eqn (1)

2.038 V11 + 10.19 V21 = − 81.52 --------> (1)

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 2.038 V11 + 10.19× (−4.66) = −81.52

2.038 V11+ [−47.55] = −81.52

−81.52+47.55
V11= 2.038

−33.96
V11= 2.038

V11= 16.66 m/s

Loss of kinetic Energy:

= Initial kinetic Energy – Final kinetic Energy

[before Impact] [after impact]

Total kinetic Energy before impact

1 1
= m1v12 + (10.19) (−10)2
2 2
1 1
= (20038) (10)2+ (10.19) (−10)2
2 2

Before K.E = 611.4 N.m

Total kinetic at after impact [find K.E]

= 1 v11 1 2+ 1
𝑚21 2
2 2
1 2 1 2
= × (2.038)(−16.66) + × (10.19)(−4.66)
2 2

After K.E= 394.26 N.m

Loss of kinetic energy during impact

= After K. E = Before K. E

=611.4−394.26

Loss= 217.11 N.m

Problem 5

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A ball of weight 500g moving with velocity of im/sec impings on a bar of mass
1kg moving with velocity 0.75m/s at the time of impact the velocity of the body
are parallel and inclined at 600to the line joining there centers. Determine the
velocity direction of the ball after the impact where e= 0.6 also find the loss of
kinetic energy due to impact.

∝1=∝2= 60°
500
𝑚1=500g= = 0.5𝑘𝑔
1000

𝑚2= 1kg

𝑣1 = 1𝑚/𝑠

𝑣2 = 0.75

Coefficient of restitution e= 0.6

To find:

1. final velocity v11&v 21

2. Direction 𝜃1& 𝜃2

3. loss of kinetic energy

Soln:

Law of conservation of momentum

m1v1 cos ∝1 + m2v2 cos ∝2=m1v11𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 + 1 v21𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2

0.635= 0.5𝑣11𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 + 𝑣21𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2

If coefficient of restitution is given

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 𝑣21𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2−𝑣11𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1
e=
𝑣1 cos∝1−𝑣 2 cos∝2

𝑣21𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2−𝑣11𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1
0.6=
1 cos 60−0.75 𝑜𝑠 60

0.6[cos-0.7× cos 60] = 𝑣21𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2 − 𝑣11𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1----------------- (2)

Solve Eqn (1) &(2)

0.625=0.5v11𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 + v21𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2

0.075= v21cosθ2 ∓ v11cosθ1

0.55= 1.5 v11cosθ1

0.55
v11cosθ1 = 1.5

∴ v11cosθ1=0.366

v11sinθ1= v1 sin ∝ 1

=1 sin 60

=0.866
0.866
V11 sin 𝜃 1 =
0.366

V11 cos 1

tan 𝜃1 = 2.366

𝜃1= tan−1(2.366)

𝜃 =67°

V11cos 𝜃1=0.366

V11cos 67° =0.366

0.366
V11= cos 67°

V11=0.94𝑚⁄𝑠

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------> (2) 0.075= V21cos 𝜃2−V11cos 𝜃1

0.075=V21cos 𝜃2−0.94 cos 67°

0.075+0.94 cos 67° =V 21 cos 𝜃 2

0.442=V21 cos 𝜃2

V21sin 𝜃 2=0.6495
0.6495
V11 sin 𝜃 1 =
0.442

V11 cos 1

tan 𝜃2=1.469

𝜃2=55°

V21 cos 𝜃2=0.442

V2 1 cos 55° =0.442

0.442
V21= cos 55°

V21=0.785 𝑚⁄𝑠

Loss of kinetic Energy = Before K.E− After K.E

Before K.E= 1⁄ m v 2+ 1⁄ m v 2
2 1 1 2 2 2
= 1⁄2 ×0.5×12+ 1⁄2 × 1×(0.75)2

Before K.E=0.25+0.281

Before K.E=0.531 N.m

After kinetic Energy= 1⁄2 m1v12+ 1⁄2m2v22

= 1⁄2 ×0.5×(0.94)2+ 1⁄2 ×1×(0.785)2

=0.2209+0.308

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After K.E= 0.528 N.m

Loss of K.E=before K.E−After K.E

=0.531−0.528

Loss K.E=2.1×10-3N.m

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Problem

An automobile travels 600m in 40s when it is accelerated at a constant rate

of 0.6𝑚⁄𝑠2. Determine the initial and final velocity and the distance travelled for
the first 12s.

Given:

Total travels distance=600m

Total time=40s

Acceleration a=0.6𝑚⁄𝑠2

To find

Intitial and final velocity u &v

Distance travelled for the first 12s

Soln

Now

Distance travelled at 60 m
1
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡2
2
1 2
600 = 𝑢 × 40 + × 0.6 × (40)
2
Intial velocity.u=3𝑚⁄𝑠

Velocity v=u+at

𝑉 = 3 + 0.6 × 40

Final velocity v=27 𝑚⁄𝑠

The distance travelled for the first 12s,1-21

𝑎 = 0.6 𝑚⁄𝑚2 1
s=ut+ at2
2
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𝑢 = 3 𝑚⁄𝑠
1
s=3× 12 + × 0.6 × (12)2
2

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s=79.2 m

2. The motion of a p[article is defined by the relation 𝑥 = 3𝑡3 − 18𝑡2 + 26𝑡 + 8

Where is the position expressed in metres and t is the time in seconds Determine
(i)When the velocity is zero and (ii)The position and the total distance travelled
when the acceleration becomes zero.

Given:

𝑥 = 3𝑡3 − 18𝑡2 + 26𝑡 + 8

x=position

t=seconds.

Soln:
𝑑𝑥
Velocity=v=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
𝑣= (3𝑡2 − 18𝑡2 + 26 × 1 + 0
𝑑𝑡

𝑣 = 9𝑡2 − 36𝑡 + 26

(ii)When velocity v= 0

0= 9𝑡2 − 36𝑡 + 26

9𝑡2 − 36𝑡 + 26 =0

a=9 b= −36 c=26

−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑡=
2𝑎

−(−36) ± √(−36)2 − 4 × 9 × 26
𝑡=
2×9
−36 ± 18.97
𝑡=
18
36±18.97 36−18.97
𝑡= 𝑡=
18 18
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t= 3.094𝑠

t=0.946s

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the velocity becomes zero t=0.946s and t=3.054s
𝑑𝑣
Acceleration a=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
a= [9𝑡2 − 36𝑡 + 26]
𝑑𝑡

a=9×2t−36× 1 + 0

a=18t−36

Acceleration a= 0

0= 18𝑡 − 36

18t=36
36
t=
18

t= 2𝑠

Distance travelled from t=0 to t=2s

t= 2𝑠 𝑥 = 3𝑡3 − 18𝑡2 + 26 + 8

𝑥 = 3 × (2)3 − 18 × (2)2 + 26 × 2 + 8

𝑥 = 12 𝑚

t= 0𝑠 𝑥 = 3 × (0)3 − 18 × (0)2 + 26 × 0 + 8

𝑥 =8𝑚

When t= 0.946 𝑠 ‘v’ becomes zero

𝑥 = 3(0.946)3 − 18 × (0.946)2 + 26 × 0.946 + 8

𝑥 = 19 𝑚

Total distance travelled= (19 − 8) + (19 − 12)

= 18 𝑚

3. A particle under constant deceleration is moving on a straight line and

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS
covers a distance of 25 m in the first 3s and 40 m in nest 6s. Calculate the distance
it covers in subsequent 2s and the total distance covered before it come to rest.

Given:

A B C D E

S AB=25𝑚 S BC= 40 𝑚

t= 3𝑠 t= 6𝑠 t= 2𝑠

(A-B) (UDRM)
1
S= ut+ 𝑎𝑡2
2

SA-B= 𝑢𝑎 𝑡𝐴−𝐵 + 𝑎 𝑡𝐴𝐵2

25±𝑢 + 3 + 1 (𝑎) × (3)2

2
1
25= 3 𝑢 + 𝑎×9
2

25=3 u+4.5 𝑎

Both side÷by 3
25 34 4.5
= + a
3 3 3

8.33=u+4.5 a

u+1.5 𝑎 = 8.33 ----------- > (1)

A−C
1
s= 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡2
2
1
65±𝑢 × 9 + a𝑡2
2

s=65 t= 3 + 6 = 9

65= 9𝑢 + 40. 𝑠 𝑢
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÷9

7.22=u+4.5 a

u±4.5 𝑎 = 7.22

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

u= 7.22 − 4.5 𝑎 --------- >(2)

sub (ii) in (i)

7.22 −4.5 a +1.5 a=8.33

−3a= 8.33 − 7.22

−3a=1.108

a=1.108⁄−3

a= −0.369 𝑚⁄𝑠2-------------- >(3)

sub (iii) in (2)

𝑢 = 7.22 − 4.5 × (0.369)

u= 8.88 𝑚⁄𝑠

To find velocity at point c

v=u+at

vc=uA+𝑎𝑡𝐴−𝐶

=8.88+(−0.369)(9)

vc=5.56 𝑚⁄𝑠

For the motion from C to D (UDRM)

vc=5.56𝑚⁄𝑠 𝑡𝐶−𝐷 = 2𝑠 a= −0.369 𝑚⁄𝑠2

1
s= 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡2
2

1
SC-D= 𝑢𝑐𝑡𝐶−𝐷 + 2 𝑎 𝑡𝐶𝐷2
1
=5.56×2+ × (−0.369 )22
2

SC-D=10.38 m

Distance travelled in subsequent t=2s

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s=10.38 m

For the motion from C-E (UDRM)

Vc=5.56 𝑚⁄𝑠 a= −0.369𝑚⁄𝑠 VE= 0

We have

v2−u2=2as

vE2−vC2=2as

02−(5.56)2=2×(−0.369) × 𝑠𝐶𝐸
sCE=41.8 m

Total distance travelled before it comes to res

=SAB SBC +SCE

=25+40+41.8

Total distance=106.9 m

4. The position of a particle which moves along a straight line is defined as 𝑠 =

𝑡3 − 6𝑡2 − 15𝑡 + 40 where s is expressed in m and + is in sec. Determine the (a)
time at which the velocity will be zero. ( b) the position and distance travelled by
the particle at that time (c) acceleration of the particle at that time (d) the distance
travelled by the particle when t=4 to t=6

Given:

𝑠 = 𝑡3 − 6𝑡2 − 15𝑡 + 40

Soln:

a) t=? Velocity v=0

𝑑𝑠
v=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
v= (𝑡3 − 6𝑡2 − 15𝑡 + 4)
𝑑𝑡

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

v=3𝑡2 − 6 × 2𝑡 − 15 × 1 + 0

v=3𝑡2 − 12𝑡 − 15

v=0

3t2−12t − 15 = 0

−𝑏±√𝑏2−4𝑎𝑐
t=
2𝑎

a= 3 b= −12 c−15
−𝑏±√(−12)2−4×3(−15)
t=
2×3

12±√144+130
t=
6

12±√324
t=
6

12±18
t=
6
12+18 30
t= =
6 6

T=5 Sec

&
12−18 −6
t= =
6 6

t= −1 𝑠𝑒𝑐

t≠ −1

t= 5 𝑠𝑒𝑐

b) t=5 Sec & displacement s=?

s= 𝑡3 − 6𝑡2 − 15𝑡 + 40

s= 5𝑡3 − 6(5)2 − 15 × 5 + 40

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s= −60 𝑚

t= 0

s= 03 − 6 × 02 − 15 × 0 + 40

s= 40 𝑚

Distance travelled= [𝑠𝑡 = 5] − [𝑠𝑡 = 0]

= −60 − 40 = −100 𝑚

Distance travelled = 100 𝑚

3) when t=6 sec displacement ‘s’

s= 𝑡3 − 6𝑡2 − 15𝑡 + 40

s= 63 − 6 × 62 − 15 × 6 + 40

s= 43 − 6 × 42 − 15 × 4 + 40

s= −52 𝑚

Distance travelled when t=4 to 5 sec

= 𝑠𝑡 =5−𝑠𝑡 = 4

= −60 − [−52]

= −60 + 52

= −8 = 8 𝑚

Distance travelled when t=5 to 6

= s t = 5 − st = 5

= −50 − (−60)

=10 m

Total distance travelled=8+10 = 18 𝑚

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

4) Acceleration a
𝑑𝑣 𝑑
a= = [3𝑡2 − 12𝑡 − 15]
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

a=3× 2𝑡 − 12 × 1---(5)

a=6t−12

t=5 sec

a=6× 5 − 12

a= 30 − 12

a=18𝑚⁄𝑠2

5) A driver of a car travelling at 72𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ Observes the traffic light 300 m ahead
of him turning red. The traffic light is timed to remain red for 20 seconds before it
turns without stopping to wait for its turn green, Determine (i) the required uniform
acceleration of the car (ii) the speed with which the motorist crosses the traffic
light.

Soln:

Displacement

s= 𝑢𝑡 + 1 𝑎𝑡2
2
300=20 1 2
× 20 + × 𝑎 × 20
2

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

a= −0.5 𝑚⁄𝑠2 (Retardation)

Final velocity

v=u+at

v= 20 + (−0.5) × 20

v= 10 𝑚⁄𝑠
10×3600
v= 𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ𝑟
1000

v= 36 𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ𝑟

Problem:5

A particle starting from rest moves in a straight like and its acceleration
is given by a=50−36𝑡2𝑚/𝑠2 Where t is in sec.Determine the velocity of the
particle when it has travelled 52m.

Given

a= 50 − 36𝑡2

s= 52𝑚

To find

Velocity

Soln
𝑑𝑣
Acceleration a=
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑣=a× 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑣=a× 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑣=(50−36𝑡2)dt

∫ 𝑑𝑣=∫(50 − 36𝑡2)𝑑𝑡

∫ 𝑑𝑣=∫(50 − 36𝑡2)𝑑𝑡

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

 t3
v=50t − 36 ×
3
𝑡3
v= 50𝑡 − 36 ×
3

v= 50𝑡 − 12𝑡3 + 𝑐1

when t= 0 v = 0 c1 = 0

v= 50𝑡 − 12𝑡3

ds= v × dt

ds= 50t − 12t3 × dt

ds= 50t − 12t3 × dt

∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫(50𝑡 − 12𝑡3)dt
50𝑡2 𝑡4
s= − 12 × +𝑐
2 4 2

s= 25𝑡2 − 3𝑡4 + 𝑐2

when t=0 s= 0 𝑐2 = 0

s= 25𝑡2 − 3𝑡4

Now s=52 m finding out t

52=25× 𝑡 − 3𝑡4

52=25𝑡 − 3𝑡4

Put 𝑡2 = 𝑡

52=25 t−3𝑡2

3𝑡2 − 25𝑡 + 52 = 0

a=3

b=−25

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

c=52

−𝑏∓√𝑏2−4𝑎𝑐
𝑡=
2𝑎

−(25)∓√(−25)2 −4×3×52
t=
2×3

t=2.0816sec & t=2sec

when t= 2sec v=50× 2 − 12 × 23

v=2m/s

when t=200816 sec 𝑣 = 5050× 2.0816 − 12 × (2.0810)2

𝑣 = −4.163/𝑚/𝑠

6. Two stations pand Q are 5.2km apart. A train stars from rest at the station P and
accelerates uniformly to attain a speed of 54 km/hr in 30 sec. The speed is
maintained until the brakes are applied. The train comes to rest at the station Q
with uniform retaration of 1m/𝑠2. Determine the total time required to cover the
distance b/w these two station

Consider Phase I

U=0

𝑡1=30 sec

𝑣1=15m/s

𝑣1=u+𝑎1𝑡1𝑣=𝑢+𝑎𝑡

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

15=0+𝑎1 × 30

𝑎1=0.5 m/𝑠2
1
𝑠1=𝑢𝑡1 + 2 𝑎1𝑡1 2
𝑠 =0 1 2
1 + 2 + 𝑎1𝑡1

𝑠1=225m

Consider Phase –III

𝑣1=15m/s

𝑎3=−1𝑚/𝑠2
V=0

V=𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡

0=15 − 1 × 𝑡3

0 = 15 − +3

t3=15 sec

𝑠3=𝑢3𝑣3 + 1⁄2 𝑎3𝑡32

=15× 15 + 1⁄2 (−1)152

𝑠3 = 112.5𝑚

Consider Phase-II

𝑠2 = 𝑠 − [𝑠1 + 𝑠3]

𝑠2=5200−[225 + 112.5]

𝑠2=4862. 5m

𝑠2=ut+ 1⁄2 𝑎𝑡2 𝑎=0

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

𝑠2=ut
4862.5=15× 𝑡
4862.5
𝑡2= 15

𝑡2=324.167sec

Total time=30+324.167+15

time=369.167 sec

multiply 2

120= 14 𝑢 + 49 𝑎

14 u+49 a=129=0 ---- (1)

÷=14

𝑢 + 3.5𝑎 = 8.57

𝑢=8.57-3.5 a ---- (2)

Sub Eqn (2) in (1)

𝑢 + 𝑎=10 -------(1)

3.57−3.5𝑎 + 𝑎 = 10

8.57−2.5𝑎 = 10

-2.5a= 10 − 8.57 = 1.43

1.43
𝑎=
−2.5

𝑎=−0.572 𝑚/𝑠2

u+(−0.572) = 10

u=10.572m/s

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

7. A particle under constant declaration is moving in a straight line and covers a
distance of 20m in first 2seconds, and 40min the next 5sec. Calculate the distance
it covers in the he subsequent 3sec and total distance travelled by the particle
before it comes to rest.

Soln:

Phase (1)-2

The displacement s=𝑢𝑡 + 1⁄2 𝑎𝑡2

𝑡=2 sec s=20m

20=𝑢 × 2 + 1⁄2 𝑎𝑡2

20=2u+2𝑎

÷ 10 𝑢 + 𝑎 = 10 --------------(1)

Phase 1-3

s= 𝑢 + 1⁄2 𝑎𝑡2

60=𝑢 × + 1⁄2 × 𝑎 × 72

60=7𝑢 + 1⁄2 × 49𝑎

S= 20 + 40 = 60

𝑡=2+5=7

Considered 3rd phase

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

t=2+5+3=10

𝑠3=10.572× 10 − 1⁄2 × 0.572 × 102

𝑠3=17.142 m

𝑣3=𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡

𝑣3=10.57−0.572 × 10

𝑣3=4.857 m/s

Considered 4th phase

𝑢4=4.857 v=0 a=−0.572 𝑚/𝑠2

V=𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡

0=4.857+(−0.572)× 𝑡

𝑡=8.5 sec

Total time =2+5 + 3 + 8.5 = 18.5 𝑠𝑒𝑐

1
Total distance travel =s= 𝑢𝑡 + a𝑡2
2

S=10.57 × 18.5 − 1⁄2 × 0.57 × 18. 52

S=97.78m

8. A stone is thrown vertically upwards at a point on a bridge located 40m above

the water. If it strikes the water after 4sec, determine (i) the speed at which the
stone was thrown up and (ii)The speed at which the stone strikes the water.

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

Soln:

For the a= −9.81 𝑚/𝑠2 𝑣2 = 0 𝑡1−2 = 𝑡 𝑠1−2 = ℎ

𝑣 =u+at

0= 𝑢 − 9.81 × 𝑡

u= +9.81 t -------->(1)
1
Distance s=ut+ 𝑎𝑡2
2
𝑠 1 2
1−2 = 9.81𝑡 × 𝑡 − 2 9.81𝑡

𝑠1−2 = 9.81𝑡2 − 4.905𝑡2

𝑠1−2 = 4.905𝑡2 s1−2 = h ----- >(2)

h=4.905 t2

For motion 2 to 3

𝑠2−3 = ℎ + 40 = 𝑣2 = 0 𝑡2−3 = 4 − 𝑡

a= 9.81 𝑚⁄𝑠2

s= 𝑢𝑡 + 1 𝑎𝑡2
2
1
𝑠2−3 = 𝑢2 𝑡2−3 + 2 𝑎𝑡2−32
1
h+40 = 0 + × 9.81 × (4 − 𝑡)2
2

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS

h+40 = 1 9.81 × (4 − 𝑡)2 = 4.905[4 − 𝑡]2
2

sub in (2)

4.905t2 + 40 = 4.905[16 + t2 − 8t]

4.905t2 + 40 = 78.48 − 4.905t2 − 39.24t

40= 78.48 − 39.24𝑡

−39.24t = 40 − 78.48

−39.24t = − 38.48

t= +0.98s

u= 9.81 × 𝑡 = 9.81 × 0.98

u=9.62𝑚⁄𝑠

v3 = v2 + 9.81 (4 − t)

v3 = 0 + 9.81(4 − 0.98)

v3 = 29.62 m⁄s

ME3351 ENGINEERING MECHANICS