Corn Syrup

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Corn Syrup

What Is Corn Syrup?


Corn syrup is a viscous, sweet syrup made from the naturally occurring sugars in corn. There are
two main varieties of corn syrup: light and dark. Light corn syrup is transparent, often vanilla-
flavored, and milder in sweetness, while dark corn syrup features molasses, resulting in a
deeper, richer sweetness and caramel coloring.
The light corn syrup that grocery stores sell differs from the high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) that
many processed foods contain in one crucial way: Refinement. During high-fructose corn syrup’s
refining process, enzymes convert most of the glucose molecules in regular corn syrup to
fructose (naturally occurring sugar in fruits and plant foods). This high-fructose content presents
a much more potent sweetness than corn syrup or sucrose (table sugar) and has more adverse
health effects when consumed in large amounts.

How Corn Syrup Is Made


Regular corn syrup is the result of a relatively simple process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to
making corn syrup:
 Combine cornstarch and water: Corn syrup production begins when producers mix
cornstarch (derived from the endosperm of corn kernels) with water.
 Then, introduce enzymes: Corn syrup results from amylase enzyme activity, which
initiates hydrolysis, or the conversion of starch into sugars. This succession of enzyme
exposure first breaks the cornstarch down into polymers called oligosaccharides and
then, with the introduction of glucoamylase, into glucose molecules. The longer
producers allow this process to continue, the sweeter and more viscous the resulting
syrup becomes.
 Mix in added sugars or flavorings: At this step, producers will add flavorings to the
syrup. Light corn syrups often include vanilla or salt for flavor. For dark corn syrup,
molasses provides flavor and color.
Uses of Corn Syrup
Bakers, confectioners, and large-scale manufacturers use commercial corn syrup in baked
goods, condiments like jams and jellies, and candy making. The syrup ensures a smooth texture
in sugar pies, pecan pie (or pecan tassies), chess pies, homemade ice creams, and sorbets by
preventing the formation of sugar crystals.
High-fructose corn syrup appears in varaqious food products, including desserts, soft drinks,
fruit juices, yogurts, bread, and cereals. In some cases, producers use the syrup as a humectant
—an ingredient that acts as a preservative by retaining moisture and preventing certain foods
from drying out.

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