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Corn Syrup
What Is Corn Syrup?
Corn syrup is a viscous, sweet syrup made from the naturally occurring sugars in corn. There are two main varieties of corn syrup: light and dark. Light corn syrup is transparent, often vanilla- flavored, and milder in sweetness, while dark corn syrup features molasses, resulting in a deeper, richer sweetness and caramel coloring. The light corn syrup that grocery stores sell differs from the high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) that many processed foods contain in one crucial way: Refinement. During high-fructose corn syrup’s refining process, enzymes convert most of the glucose molecules in regular corn syrup to fructose (naturally occurring sugar in fruits and plant foods). This high-fructose content presents a much more potent sweetness than corn syrup or sucrose (table sugar) and has more adverse health effects when consumed in large amounts.
How Corn Syrup Is Made
Regular corn syrup is the result of a relatively simple process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to making corn syrup: Combine cornstarch and water: Corn syrup production begins when producers mix cornstarch (derived from the endosperm of corn kernels) with water. Then, introduce enzymes: Corn syrup results from amylase enzyme activity, which initiates hydrolysis, or the conversion of starch into sugars. This succession of enzyme exposure first breaks the cornstarch down into polymers called oligosaccharides and then, with the introduction of glucoamylase, into glucose molecules. The longer producers allow this process to continue, the sweeter and more viscous the resulting syrup becomes. Mix in added sugars or flavorings: At this step, producers will add flavorings to the syrup. Light corn syrups often include vanilla or salt for flavor. For dark corn syrup, molasses provides flavor and color. Uses of Corn Syrup Bakers, confectioners, and large-scale manufacturers use commercial corn syrup in baked goods, condiments like jams and jellies, and candy making. The syrup ensures a smooth texture in sugar pies, pecan pie (or pecan tassies), chess pies, homemade ice creams, and sorbets by preventing the formation of sugar crystals. High-fructose corn syrup appears in varaqious food products, including desserts, soft drinks, fruit juices, yogurts, bread, and cereals. In some cases, producers use the syrup as a humectant —an ingredient that acts as a preservative by retaining moisture and preventing certain foods from drying out.