EAP 5 ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET

Name: Trần Quế Ngọc I.D. 23006521

Class: EAP5-1223-8
Assignment: (please circle) Res. Report Lit. Review Res. Essay

Assignment Question: (write out in full) The spread of globalization has

had a significant positive effect on developing countries. To what extent do
you agree with this statement? Critically evaluate this statement.

Due date: 19/02/2024 Date submitted: 18/02/2024

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Student’s Signature: Tran Que Ngoc Date: 18/02/2024

EXTENSION – To be approved BEFORE original submission date

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 RESEARCH ESSAY

Name: Tran Que Ngoc

Student ID: 23006521

Class: EAP5-1223-8

Teachers: Mr. Jeffrey Benson & Mr. Chris Le

Due date: 19/02/2024

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Globalization, the ever-increasing web of interconnection, connects nations through economic,

cultural, and technical strands. For developing nations, this presents both amazing potential

and difficult obstacles. While acknowledging the challenges presented by globalization, the

development of globalization has surely had a large positive impact on developing countries,

such as fostering economic growth, educational possibilities, and cultural interaction. This

essay will demonstrate that although globalization may have negative impacts on developing

nations, it cannot be denied that the benefits it brings are not only outstanding but also more

important for comprehensive development. The impacts of globalization on the three primary

categories of the economy, education, and culture will be discussed.

Firstly, globalization brings great benefits to the economies of developing countries; it

promotes trade between nations, attracts foreign investment, and expands export markets,

thereby reducing poverty and increasing work opportunities for people in developing

countries. Globalization helped wealthy nations invest in developing countries, which, in turn,

created more job opportunities for people in the countries being invested in. This contributed

to the reduction in the poverty rate as the underprivileged group could access these job

opportunities, leading to higher social mobility. Research suggests that trade liberalization and

globalization, as exemplified by Vietnam's booming garment industry, can lead to increased

GDP growth and significant job creation (Dollar & Kraay 2002). According to the report by

Dollar et al. (2016), over the past three decades, absolute poverty in the developing world has

significantly decreased, from 52% in 1980 to 21% in 2010, largely due to rapid growth in poor

countries like China and India. However, while some nations prosper in the global

marketplace, others worry that multinational corporations will be able to take advantage of

low-cost labor and widen the income gap between states as a result of globalization. While

some nations prosper in the international economy, others worry that globalization will

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increase the rate of unemployment and widen the income gap between states. Benefits from

globalization typically do not significantly affect the incomes of the poor; instead, they mostly

benefit the top 10% of national income distributions (Lang & Tavares 2023). Moreover, the

establishment of companies and factories in developing countries by developed countries can

have a detrimental impact on developed countries’ economies, leading to increased

unemployment (Hamdi 2013). While globalization can lead to increased inequality and

unemployment in some cases, its potential to unlock economic growth and development

remains a powerful force. Furthermore, research has uncovered strong evidence that in nations

with deficient income levels, the wealthy tend to reap the benefits of economic openness; yet,

as income levels grow, the poor and middle class see proportionately larger income increases

than the wealthy do (Milanovic 2005). In brief, globalization is an enormous driver of

economic growth in emerging nations because of its capacity to promote commerce, pull in

investment, and create employment, despite its negative effects.

Secondly, globalization has the potential to improve educational quality in developing

countries significantly. It increases opportunities for academic interchange between nations,

expands access to technology, and lowers the rate of illiteracy. Thereby, it will enhance life

quality and provide a better standard of living. Makarova et al. (2019) state that numerous

opportunities arise in the sphere of education as a result of globalization. They also point out

that many students and educators now use the Internet as their primary source of education

since it gives them instant access to information and allows them to pursue distance learning in

order to change careers or acquire new professional skills in various areas of human activity.

Also, thanks to globalization’s enhancement in education, which leads to a decrease in poverty

rates in developing nations. For example, education has helped in the economic expansion of

the Arab Gulf nations, which has been shown to reduce the level of poverty in the area

(Al’Abri 2011). On the other hand, others contend that, as a result of globalization, skilled

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workers in poorer countries may leave their country in search of greater possibilities abroad,

leading to brain drain in less developed ones. To exemplify, 15% to 20% of university

graduates who depart Kazakhstan are looking for an opportunity to achieve self-actualization

(Zhatkanbaeva et al. 2012). Zhatkanbaeva et al. also consider brain drain as a threat to national

security. It may be true, but professionals with the necessary abilities can work and study

elsewhere, advance their professional development, and then return to support their home

nation. For instance, 9 percent of Silicon Valley start-ups between 1995 and 1998 were

reportedly run by the Indian diaspora, with roughly 70 percent of those businesses operating in

the software industry (Docquier & Rapoport 2012). The paper by Docquier & Rapoport (2012)

also stated that 52 percent of Indian entrepreneurs said they traveled to India at least once a

year for business, 27 percent said they frequently communicated with people back home about

jobs, business opportunities, and technology, 46 percent said they had connections to domestic

Indian companies, 23 percent said they had invested their own money in Indian start-ups, and

45 percent said it was likely they would move back to India. Thus, although globalization

could create brain drain in developing countries, brain drain does not completely have

negative effects; instead, it can bring a lot of opportunities for developing nations’ growth.

Finally, the positive impact of globalization on the culture of developing countries is

undeniable. It gives us the opportunity to approach, learn, and experience different cultural

values, thereby expanding our vision and understanding. Through interaction and knowledge

to bridge national gaps, the globalization of culture enables individuals to learn more about

each other, communicate more, and extend cultural interactions in the modern world (Raikhan

et al. 2014). Moreover, cultural globalization makes it easier for people to connect, trade, and

communicate with each other on a worldwide scale. This is demonstrated by the fact that

English has become a global language, which has greatly simplified communication between

people from diverse backgrounds. 375 million people speak English as a second language on a

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daily basis, while over 700 million people use it occasionally for business or pleasure as a

foreign language (Jensen et al. 2011). On the opposing side, some people argue that

globalization is losing the uniqueness of long-standing traditional cultural identities in

countries in the developing stage. According to Jensen et al. (2011), there are currently about

7,000 languages spoken worldwide, but with one "language death" occurring every 14 days at

the moment, less than half of the languages spoken today are predicted to survive in roughly

100 years. However, globalization is definitely changing the communities it touches, but these

cultures are not static to begin with, and change does not always mean that traditional values

are gone ( Kaul 2012). Furthermore, as stated by Wang (2007), because of the advancement of

science and technology brought by globalization, people are closer than ever. They start to

worry a lot more about maintaining their cultural identity and frequently search for and defend

their heritage (Wang 2007). Therefore, for developing nations’ cultural identities, the

advantages of globalization exceed the disadvantages.

In conclusion, while acknowledging the complex obstacles globalization creates for

developing nations, the indisputable truth is that its overall impact has been forcefully good.

Globalization provides a strong road towards all-encompassing development by boosting

economic progress, educational opportunities, and cultural interaction and understanding for

developing nations.

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 REFERENCES

Al’Abri, K 2011, ‘The impact of globalization on education policy of developing countries:

Oman as an example’, Literacy Information and Computer Education Journal, vol. 2, no. 11,

pp. 491-502.

Dollar, D & Kraay, A 2002, ‘Growth is good for the poor’, Journal of economic growth, vol.

7, pp. 195-225.

Docqier, F & Rapoprt H 2012, ‘Globalization, brain drain, and development’, Journal of

economic literature, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 681-730.

Hamdi, FM 2013, ‘The impact of globalization in the developing countries’, Developing

Country Studies, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 142-144.

Jensen, LA, Arnett, JJ & McKenzie, J 2011, ‘Globalization and cultural identity’, in

Handbook of Identity Theory and Research, Springer New York, New York, pp. 285-301.

Kaul, V 2012, ‘Globalization and crisis of cultural identity’, Journal of Research in

International Business and Management, vol. 2, no. 13, pp. 341-349.

Lang, V & Tavares, MM 2023, ‘The global distribution of gains from globalization’, The

Journal of Economic Inequality, pp. 1-25

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Milanovic, B 2005, ‘Can we discern the effect of globalization on income distribution?

Evidence from household surveys’, The World Bank Economic Review, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 21–

44.

Makarova, EA, Makarova, EL & Korsakova, TV 2019, ‘The role of globalization and

integration in interdisciplinary research, culture and education development’, Journal of

History Culture and Art Research, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 111.

Raikhan, S, Moldakhmet, M, Ryskeldy, M & Alua, M 2014, ‘The interaction of globalization

and culture in the modern world’, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 122, no.

1877-0428, pp. 8–12.

Wang, Y 2007, ‘Globalization enhances cultural identity’, Intercultural Communication

Studies, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 83-86.

Zhatkanbaeva, A, Zhatkanbaeva, J & Zhatkanbae, E 2012, ‘The impact of globalization on

“brain drain” in developing countries’, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 47, pp.

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