A Guide to

Fabric Types
From A to Z
 Fibers,
threads,
and
fabrics
At the foundation of every fabric lie fi-
bers, which can either be of natural or
synthetic origin.
Each fiber possesses distinct characte-
ristics, encompassing both morphologi-
The history of fabric is intertwined with
cal aspects (length, diameter, shine, and
the history of humanity itself. Unders-
softness) and behavioral traits (tenacity,
tanding the intricacies of fabrics, the
resilience, elasticity).
fibers that compose them, their pro-
The transformation of textile fibers gi-
perties, and their historical significance
ves rise to threads, which, through the
is crucial for individuals working in the
process of weaving and interlacing
textile industry.
warp threads with weft threads, result
The choices we make regarding fabric
in the creation of fabric.
are not just practical but also expressi-
ve. They allow us to communicate emo-
tions, well-being, and meet every day
needs with conscious selections.
In this e-book, we will present an ex-
tensive list of key fabric types, along
with detailed information about their
characteristics and applications.
To enhance your experience, we’ve in-
cluded a free downloadable pattern at
the end of the content – it is all yours to
personalize with your preferred fabric!

Enjoy your reading!

Types of fiber
Natural textile fibers
Natural textile fibers are sourced from
plants, animals, and minerals, and they
can be categorized into two primary
types:
- Vegetable fibers: These fibers are ex-
tracted from cellulose, seeds, stems, le-
aves, or fruits of plants. Typically, they
exhibit excellent technical resilience
and are relatively easy to dye.

- Animal fibers: These fibers are obtai-

ned from the hair of animals or through
secretion from the cocoons of lepidop-
terans or mites, such as silkworms. The
most common example is wool, which
is derived from the hair of animals like
sheep, rabbits, and llamas.
Artificial fibers
Artificial textile fibers are crafted from
natural resources that undergo chemi-
cal transformations. Some of the most
renowned examples include viscose,
rayon, acetate, and fiberglass.

Synthetic fibers
Synthetic fibers, on the other hand,
are manufactured through chemi-
cal processes using raw materials not
occurring in nature, including nylon,
polyester, and acrylic fibers. These fi-
bers exhibit low specific gravity, are wa-
ter-repellent, and readily washable, but
they can be challenging to dye.
Fabric
dictionary

A
Acrylic: Acrylic is a synthetic fabric known
for its wool-like texture, softness, and hea-
t-insulating properties. It finds use in sport-
swear and knitted garments.

Alpaca: Alpaca fabric is created from lightweight fibers with a gentle

luster. Often blended with wool, it is employed in tailoring and knitting,
for suits, jackets, and knitwear.
A
B

B
Batiste: Made from cotton or synthetic fibers with a smooth weave. It is
lightweight, thin, and transparent. Used in blouses, lingerie, linings, and
scarves.

Bouclé: Fabric made from pure or blended

wool, with coiled yarns that give it an une-
ven and textured surface. Commonly em-
ployed in the creation of women’s clothing
and knitwear.
C
Camel Hair: Often classified as wool in catalogs, camel hair is a lightwei-
ght fabric made in a twill weave. It originates from the soft undercoat
of camels and is often blended with other fibers like wool. Used in the
creation of coats and jackets.
Chambray: It is a blend of pure cotton or cot-
ton with polyester, featuring dyed and white
threads. It is used for uniforms, sportswear,
pajamas, and shirts.
Chantilly Lace: Known for its intricate patterns and delicate net finish
along both edges, it is predominantly used in the crafting of wedding

C
dresses.

Cheesecloth: A fine, smooth fabric, originally made from cotton but now
available in mixed materials. Dyed yarns are woven into checkered or
striped patterns. It is used in children’s dresses, blouses, and clothing.

Chevron: Fabric characterized by heavy ribbing, crafted with rayon or

silk threads woven over sturdy cotton ropes. Used for ornamental pur-
poses and in the making of ribbons.

Chiffon: Lightweight, semi-transparent fa-

bric with an open weave, made from various
types of fibers. Often chosen for summer
clothing, bandages, and curtains.

Ciselé: Ciselé is produced using a satin weave with velvet designs on a

fine, semi-transparent background. It shares similarities with flake fa-
brics.

Corduroy: This is a durable type of ribbed

velvet crafted from various fibers. It is com-
monly used in pants and jackets.

Cotton: Cotton fabric is derived from the fibers of the Gossypium plant,
primarily cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. It’s lightweight,
lustrous, and soft to the touch. It boasts high absorbency but has limited
elasticity and excellent heat dispersion properties.
Crepe de Chine: A silk fabric with a plain weave, distinguished by its

C
blurry contour patterns. Its name, referring to “Chinese,” originates from
its historical roots, and its effect results from a fabric dyeing technique.
It is primarily used for making pillows, upholstery, curtains, as well as
dresses, skirts, and blouses.

Crinkle Velvet: Crinkle velvet is produced

using short plush and is compressed in one
or multiple directions to achieve a shiny
appearance.

Cuprammonium: Produced through a process that generates fine fiber

filaments, cuprammonium fabric is thinner and lighter compared to
materials like viscose.

D
Damask: Named after the city of Damascus, where Chinese silks were
transported through trade routes, Damask is a robust material similar to
jacquard fabric. It can also be made from linen, cotton, or mixed fibers.
It finds extensive use in furniture upholstery and tablecloth coverings.

Denim: Denim is a densely woven cotton fa-

D
bric that often undergoes finishing treatments
to alter its appearance. Also commonly refer-
red to as “jeans”, it’s found in work or casual
clothing, and uniforms.

Devoré: Devoré features a delicate, semi-transparent background pat-

tern achieved through a corrosive process known as burnout, which
chemically dissolves the plush sections after weaving.

Diagonal Twill: Diagonal twill is a strong twill fabric extensively used

in the manufacturing of riding pants, casual wear, uniforms, and skirts.

Donegal: Originally crafted by hand in County Donegal, Ireland, it now

denotes any tweed fabric featuring thick, colorful flecks.

Double Mesh: Double Mesh or Double Knit is a fabric with two identi-
cal sides, known for its excellent density and resilience. It is commonly
used in both men’s and women’s sportswear.
Dupion: Widely used in the creation of formal and wedding attire, it

D
is a lustrous silk fabric, resulting from stretched fiber warp threads in
twisted cocoons. Synthetic fiber versions of Dupion are also available.

E
Elastane: Commonly known as Lycra, is a
stretchy synthetic fiber present in various fa-
brics. Even in small proportions, ranging from
1% to 5%, it enhances the comfort of wearing
the garment. It is mainly found in beachwear
and lingerie.

Eyelet: Made of cotton and features small, patterned holes that are fi-
nished with embroidered edges. Used in crafting delicate and decorati-
ve clothing items such as summer dresses, blouses, and lingerie, as well
as for various home decor applications.

F
Faille: Faille is a tightly woven fabric made
from silk, cotton, wool, or synthetic fibers, fea-

F
turing flattened transverse ribs. It is common-
ly used in formal wear and evening attire.

Feathers: Rooster, marabou, and ostrich feathers are available in va-

rious colors and are typically sewn onto a 12-millimeter tape or overlo-
cked onto a cord. They are commonly used for decorating coats, formal
attire, or costumes.

Felt: A non-woven fabric made from wool fibers, hides, or fur, combi-
ned through heat, moisture, and mechanical action. Also manufactured
using melted acrylic fibers, it is used in toys and for lining vests and
jackets.

Fleece: Fleece is a thick wool fabric, sometimes blended with nylon and
luxurious hair fibers. It is used in the crafting of coats.
Foam: Foam fabric possesses a flat, rough, semi-transparent weft made
from pure or mixed cotton. Due to its lightweight nature, it is often used
in the production of summer clothing.

F
Foulard: A lightweight or lightly twilled fabric,
typically made from rayon or silk. It is used in
ties and scarves.

French Lace Strip: This highly luxurious lace features a defined pattern
with heavy silk or similar thread on a fine, semi-transparent net outlining.

French Terry (Sweatshirt Fabric): A knitted fabric style that is similar, but
superior, to jersey, velour, or fleece. Its defining feature is the loops on
one side only, with soft piles of yarn on the other.

Fustian: Fustian is a lightweight, fine, and semi-transparent fabric, made

from cotton. Modern versions are also produced using synthetic fibers. It
features markings in the lengthwise direction, including stripes, squares,
or small prints, and is employed in the creation of dresses and curtains.

G
Gabardine: Gabardine is a fabric woven from
combed yarns, known for its durability and
stiff finishes. It has a medium weight and is
composed of various fibers. Used in raincoats,
sportswear, and trousers.

Gauze: Gauze is a thin, semi-transparent fabric with an open weave,

made from a variety of different fibers. It is frequently used for banda-
ges and curtains.

Gingham: Gingham is a fine, smooth fabric, originally made from cotton

but also available in blends. Its dyed threads are woven into checkered
or striped patterns. It is used in dresses, blouses, and children’s clothing.

Grosgrain: A heavy ribbed fabric with strips

made from rayon or silk, woven over sturdy
cotton cords. It is used in trims and belts.
H
Harris: Harris refers to handwoven woolen threads produced in the Ou-
ter Hebrides of Scotland.

Henan (Pongee): Also known as “pongee,” it’s a silk fabric characterized

by a smooth and lightweight weft, featuring a subtle flamé effect in
both directions. It is commonly dyed and used in blouses and dresses.
H
I

I
Interlock Mesh: Interlock mesh is a stable, fine-woven fabric that was
originally used in undergarments. Nowadays, it is also utilized in the
production of casual clothing and is available in solid colors.

Ikat: Ikat is a technique in which the threads

of the weft of the fabric are dyed or stamped.
It was formerly known as “chiné,” a reference
to the Chinese origin of the method. Fabrics
created using this technique are often used
in dresses.

Irish: Irish fabric is characterized by its distinctive white base fabric and
colorful weft, creating a unique and eye-catching appearance.

J
J
Jacquard: Jacquard is a fabric or knit with intricate patterns, often featu-
ring a raised surface. It is used in damask clothing, curtains, and formal
attire.

Jersey: Jersey is a generic term for smooth

knitted fabrics. It exhibits significant elasticity
across the width and can be made from cot-
ton, synthetic materials, or blends. It is com-
monly used in making T-shirts.
 K
K
Kersey: It’s a dense woolen fabric with a tightly woven, twisted twill or
ribbed pattern and a soft, short pile. It is typically available in solid colors
and is widely used in workwear and uniforms.

Knitted Fabric: Knitted fabric is produced from nylon and features ver-
tical and zigzag stripes. It does not fray, has a fine texture, and is plush
in appearance. It is used in the production of lingerie and as linings for
summer clothing.

L
Lace: Lace typically features floral or spiral patterns and is machine-pro-
duced without using base fabric. It is widely used in finishes and dresses.
There is a big variety of lace types:

L
All-over Lace: This lace features a repeated pattern without a con-
tour net or festoons.

Chantilly Lace: It has an elaborate pattern with a fine net finish on

the edges on both margins, commonly used in wedding dress ma-
nufacturing.
French Lace: This luxurious lace has a de-
fined pattern with heavy thread, usually
silk, in a fine, semi-transparent net arou-
nd the outline.
Ribbon Lace: Created by applying flower-patterned ribbons on a
fishnet background. Delicate, it requires careful handling and is used
in wedding and evening dresses.

Laceweight: Extremely fine and delicate yarn or thread used in crafting

intricate lace fabrics or knitting delicate lace patterns.

Lawn: Lawn is a lightweight, finely woven cotton fabric with a smooth

finish. It is often used in making dresses, blouses, and handkerchiefs.
Leather: Various types of leather are suitable
for crafting coats, jackets, and skirts. Below is
a list of the most used ones:

Animal Leather: This material is derived from the hides of animals,

typically cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs. It is highly valued for its natu-
ral appearance, texture, and durability.

Eco-Friendly Leather: This is a material designed to replicate the vi-

sual and/or tactile characteristics of animal leather without using
animal hides. It is usually made from materials such as polyurethane
(PU) or polyester.

Synthetic Leather: Synthetic leather can

L
be produced from a variety of materials,
including polyurethane, polyester, nylon,
vinyl, and other polymers. It offers dura-
bility and appearance like animal leather
at a lower cost.

Leno: Leno is a weave pattern that creates an open, gauze-like fabric. It is

utilized in curtains, mosquito nets, and lightweight apparel.

Linen: Linen stands out for its versatility, com-

fort, freshness, and durability. It is a natural fi-
ber made from the flax plant and known for
its breathability and coolness, making it sui-
table for summer clothing and home textiles.
However, it is a material that wrinkles easily,
which is why it is often blended with other fi-
bers, such as cotton and polyester, to counte-
ract this characteristic.

Lurex: A highly elastic knit made with metallic threads like aluminum
often used to add shimmer and sparkle to fabrics. Due to its sophisticated
shine, it is widely used in eveningwear and festive clothing.

Lycra: Lycra, also known as spandex or elastane, is a synthetic fiber known

for its exceptional stretch and recovery properties. It is commonly used in
activewear and form-fitting clothing.
M
Madras: Madras is a lightweight cotton fabric,
sometimes blended, soft, and multicolored. It
has strong traditional roots in India, its place
of origin. Madras is used in shirts and shorts.

Matelassé: A luxurious fabric, often featuring a jacquard weave with em-

bossed designs that create a quilted effect. Sometimes, it contains me-
tallic threads in the weave. It is used in eveningwear and upholstery.

M
Mesh: Available in various weights, mesh has a geometrically open we-
ave. It is generally produced with nylon and used in the production of
party wear.

Mohair Wool: Mohair is a lustrous fiber from

the Angora goat, which can have straight
or curly characteristics. Fabrics containing
mohair are typically blended with wool.
Mohair is commonly used in the production
of coats, suits, and shawls.

Moiré: Also known as “silk wet,” it’s a fabric made from a silk blend pro-
cessed through hot rollers to create a warm surface effect. It is used in
eveningwear and bridal dresses.

Muslin: A plain, smooth, soft, and cost-effective fabric, typically made

from cotton. It is thin, transparent, and airy. Composed of loosely twisted

N
fine threads, it can be made from cotton, silk, viscose wool, or synthetic
fibers.

N
Nansu: Nansu is a flat, fine, and smooth fabric made from cotton or a
blend of cotton with canvas or linen. It is commonly used in the making
of handkerchiefs and baby clothes.
Nappa: Nappa is a fabric made with a weft of cotton, silk, synthetic, or
mixed fibers. It is typically carded to achieve a texture like suede. Nappa
is commonly used in sportswear.

N
Nonwoven fabric: It is composed of an innovative polyester thread with
an exclusive non-toxic PVC formula. Its use is recommended for suns-
creens designed to combine comfort and privacy.

Nylon: Nylon, once a trademark, is now a

common term used to refer to one of the
strongest fibers available. Despite its durabi-
lity, this fabric is not absorbent and can be-
come uncomfortable and hot for everyday
use. Nylon is often blended with other fibers
to enhance absorbency and increase the du-
rability of the mixed yarns.

O
Openwork Fabric: Openwork fabrics come in various weights and fea-

O
ture geometrically open weaves. They are typically made from nylon
and are used to create partywear.

Organdy: Organdy is a fine fabric with a loose weft and a semi-transpa-

rent texture, made from pure cotton or blends. It has a rough finish and
is commonly used for curtains, blouses, and eveningwear.

Organza: Organza is a coarse pure silk fabric

with a glittery appearance. It is also made
from polyester and is commonly used in we-
dding dresses and evening wear.

Otomán: It’s a heavy fabric with varying widths of transverse lines. Ori-
ginally, it was made of silk, similar to taffeta, with a woolen weft. While
it was fashionable for party clothing in the past, it is now primarily used
for coats, suits, togas, and upholstery.

Oxford: Oxford is a cotton or mixed fabric characterized by its interwo-

ven pattern. It is commonly used for men’s shirts.
P Paduasoy or Peau de soie: This fabric is also
known as “peach skin.” It is a heavy and
smooth satin weave with a subtle sheen. It
may be blended with polyester and is com-
monly used in the making of wedding dres-
ses and evening attire.

Paina: This fabric is composed of a cotton-like fiber from the seeds of

certain trees, often used as stuffing for pillows and toys. Paina is typically
replaced by synthetic fillers nowadays.

P
Panama: This fabric has a basket weave
structure and is typically produced from
polyester and cotton with untwisted weft
threads. It is used for hand embroidery.

Percalle: Percale is a smooth, fine, and lightweight fabric with a soft fi-
nish. It is typically made from pure cotton or a cotton-polyester blend.
Whether printed or plain, it is commonly used in bed linens.

Pied de coq: The intertwining of weft threads in this woolen fabric crea-
tes the characteristic houndstooth pattern. This fabric has natural elasti-
city, is durable, and does not shrink, following European environmental
protection standards.

Pied de poule (Houndstooth): Pied de poule

is made from a small combination of twill fa-
bric and color patterns formed in its weave. It
is used in suits, pants, and jackets.

Piqué: Piqué is a fabric made from pure cotton or a cotton blend with a
raised geometric weave pattern, produced on a dobby loom. It is com-
monly used in the production of sportswear.

Plumetis: Plumetis is a type of fine, semi-

-transparent fabric made from cotton or cot-
ton blend threads. It is quite common in chil-
dren’s clothing.
 P
Plush: Plush is a thick fabric with a pile – larger and more open than velvet
– achieved using silk, wool, rayon, or mohair in the warp. It is used in the
production of coats.

Pollinated Rayon: This type of rayon is more resistant and experiences less
shrinkage. It is produced using a process developed more recently than
viscose rayon.

Polyester: Polyester is a synthetic fiber made

from petroleum derivatives. It has a wide
range of uses, from silk imitation to blending
with other fibers. Technology is addressing
one of the main issues with this fabric: its li-
mited absorbency.

Pongee: Made from a smooth and lightweight plain weave fabric with a
slightly slubbed effect. It is common in blouses and dresses.

R
R
Ratina: This fabric features a plush yarn made from various fibers and is
typically used in dresses.

Rayon: Rayon is a lightweight, inexpensive, and quick-drying fabric made

from cellulose. It is widely used in the production of blouses, dresses, and
linings. There are different types of rayon available in the market:
Cuprammonium: Produced using a procedure that creates fine fila-
ment fibers. It is thinner and lighter than viscose.

Viscose: This fabric is manufactured using a more common process

S
and has lower durability.

S
Sari: This fabric has a diverse design and is often made from fine silk or
polyester with golden or silver threads. The term used to refer to this
fiber refers to the garment worn by women in South Asia.
Satin: A smooth, glossy fabric with a luxurious sheen, commonly used
in eveningwear, bridal gowns, and lingerie.

Scarf: A soft or lightweight twill fabric, typically made of rayon or silk,

often used for ties and scarves.

Scrim: A fabric typically made of cotton, characterized by its smooth

and open weave. Used in theatrical settings, curtains, and flags.

S
Serge: Soft fabric made of pure or mixed wool in diagonal lines. Used in
the production of suits and uniforms.

Shantung: Smooth weft fabric with flamé threads, creating a rough and
uneven surface texture. Made from silk fibers and commonly used in
formal clothing.

Shetland: Sheep wool yarn from the Shetland Islands in northern

Scotland. It produces rough, lightweight, and warm fabric.

Silk: A natural fiber obtained from the ope-

ning of the cocoons of the silkworm larva.
It is a strong fabric with a delicate and shiny
appearance. Silk has been replaced by some
synthetic fibers and mixed with other yarns
to reduce the price or achieve a certain effect.

Suede: Made with a weft of cotton, silk, syn-

thetic fibers, or blends, this fabric is carded to
give a suede-like effect. Used in sportswear.

T
Taffeta: Can be made from silk, polyester, or acetate. This fabric has a
rough weave, no reverse side, and a shiny surface.

Tencel: A fiber made from cellulose pulp through a process different

from rayon. It has characteristics such as good absorption and strength.
Sometimes, it receives a “peach skin” finish. Used in sportswear.
T
Terrycloth: Terrycloth is a highly absorbent cotton fabric, featuring lo-
ops on one or both sides. It is an ideal choice for the production of bath
towels, beach cover-ups, comfortable clothing, and baby garments.

T
Tricot: A fabric made of nylon, with vertical and zigzag stripes. It is re-
sistant to fraying, fine, and plush. Used in the production of lingerie and
linings for summer clothing.

Tulle: This is a fine mesh fabric made of silk

or nylon, widely used in the making of wed-
ding dresses and dance costumes.

Tweed: This fabric has a fuzzy surface characterized by colorful flame-

-like threads. Its fiber is durable and warm. Some types are made of
pure wool, while others are blends or combinations of different fibers.

Twill: Soft fabric made of pure or mixed

wool with diagonal lines. Commonly used in
the production of suits and uniforms.

U
U
Ultra Napa: This is a luxurious washable non-woven fabric, similar to
Nappa. It is produced with synthetic fibers obtained through the nee-
dling process. Used in clothing, finishes, and decorations.

Ultrasuede: This is a luxurious washable non-woven fabric, similar to

suede. The fabric is produced with synthetic fibers obtained through
needling. Used in clothing, finishes, and decorations.
V
Velvet: A fabric made from pure or synthetic
silk, with short pile, a soft and glossy texture.
Used in evening wear, curtains, and uphols-
tery. Below are some known types:

Ciselé: Made in satin weave, it has velvet patterns on a fine and se-
mi-transparent background, similar to flocked fabrics.

Crushed velvet: Made from short pile and pressed in one or multiple
directions for a shimmering appearance.

V
Devoré: It has a pattern on a fine and semi-transparent background,
obtained through a corrosive process that dissolves the fuzzy areas
after weaving.

Velvet wool: Used in the production of casual and comfortable clo-

thing, this fabric or knit has short and thick pile. It has the glossy
appearance of velvet and can be found in vibrant colors.

Vicuña: A soft, lightweight, and glossy fabric produced from the red-
dish-brown wool of the vicuña, a species of llama from Peru.

Wet velvet: Shinier than regular velvet, this fabric is based on the
mesh itself and is highly elastic.

Vinyl: A resistant fabric or mesh-based ma-

terial covered with polyvinyl chloride (PVC),
giving the surface a waterproof and sticky
appearance. Commonly used in raincoats and
other items.
Viscose: This fabric is manufactured using a more common process and
is known for its relatively low strength.

Voile: A lightweight, fine, and semi-transparent fabric, often made from

cotton. Nowadays, there are synthetic fiber options available. It is used in
dresses and curtains and can also be printed.
W
Whipcord: A sturdy, heavy fabric made of cot-

W
ton, wool, or synthetic fibers. It has a thick weft
and twill-type pattern and is used in the ma-
nufacturing of uniforms and riding apparel.

Wool: Wool is a fiber produced from the shearing of domesticated sheep,

typically known for its warmth and durability. “Pure wool,” as found in the
USA and Canada, consists of 100% virgin wool threads. Items labeled as
“mixed wool” contain at least 55% of this fiber mixed with another.

Woolen: Produced from a type of wool yarn with fibers carded instead of
combed to remove impurities, resulting in a soft and warm fabric. Com-
monly used in jackets and jerseys.

Woolen velvet: Utilized in the production of informal and comfortable

clothing, this fabric features a short, thick fleece. It boasts the lustrous
appearance of velvet and is available in vibrant colors.

Z
Z
Zibeline: A silk blend fabric obtained throu-
gh a process of smoothing and undulation.
Widely used in wedding dresses, ceremonial
attire, or high fashion. Zibeline is lighter than
satin and is considered highly sophisticated.
 We trust that this catalog of fibers and

Well, are fabrics has proven valuable to you, and

we hope our dictionary will be your

you ready to
companion for your upcoming collec-
tion.

roll up your
Feel free to download the pattern we’ve
prepared for you at no cost and expe-
riment with the fabric that aligns best

sleeves and with your personal vision!

Wishing you great success and remem-

get started? ber: if you need technological support

to bring your creations to life, you can
always count on us!

Download my pattern now!

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