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    Lesson 2 Electricity and Magnetismf

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    Lesson 2 Electricity and Magnetismf

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    Lesson 2 Electricity and Magnetismf

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    of 3

    SAN JOSE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

    San Jose, Malilipot, Albay

    ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM


    CHAPTER 1
    Coulomb’s Law and Electric Field
    Lesson 2

    Coulomb’s Law

    Coulomb’s Law states that “the electrical force between the charges varies directly as the product of the charges and
    inversely as the square of the distance between them.

    Fe α q1q2
    r2

    Fe = kq1q2
    r2

    where F = electrical force


    q1 = the quantity of charge of one particle
    q2 = the quantity of charge of another particle
    r = the distance between the charged particles
    k = proportionality constant = 9 x 109 Nm2
    C2
    SI unit of Fe: N (newton)
    q: C (coulomb)
    1 C = 6.25 x 1018 electrons

    Coulomb’s law was formulated by the French physicist Charles Augustine de Coulomb in the 18 th century.

    Sample Problem:
    1. The hydrogen atom has the simplest structure of all atoms. Its nucleus is a proton (mass = 1.7 x 10 -27 kg),
    outside of which there is a single electron (mass 9.1 x 10 -31 kg at an average separation distance of
    5.3 x 10-11 m. Calculate the electrical force between the proton and the electron in a hydrogen atom.

    Given:
    qp = 1.602 x 10-19 C
    qe = 1.602 x 10-19 C
    k = 9 x 109 Nm2
    C2
    -11
    r = 5.3 x 10 m

    Required: Fe

    Formula:
    Fe = kqpqe
    r2
    Solution:
    Fe = 9 x 109 Nm2/C2 (1.602 x 10-19 C) (1.602 x 10-19 C)
    (5.3 x 10-11 m)2
    -8
    Fe = 8.2 x 10 N
    Electric Field, E

    1
    Electric field is the region around a charged body where an electric force act. The behavior of electric field is
    represented by field lines or lines of force. The electric field is strongest where it would exert the greatest
    electrical force on a test charge. The direction of the field at any point is the same as the direction of the
    electric force on a positive test charge.

    Properties of Lines of Force

    1. For an isolated positive charge, the lines of force leave the charge and extends to infinity.

    2. For an isolated negative charge, the lines of force enter the charge.

    3. For two or more charges that are opposite, the lines emanate from a positive charge and terminate on a
    negative charge.

    4. Lines of force between two like charges.

    Rules in drawing lines of force

    1. The number of lines leaving the positive charge or entering a negative charge is proportional to the charge.
    2. The lines are drawn symmetrically leaving or entering a point charge.
    3. Lines begin or end only on charges.
    4. No two field lines can cross.
    5. The density of lines (the number of lines of force per unit area perpendicular to the field) is proportional to
    the field.

    Intensity of Electric Field

    Electric field = electrical force


    electric charge

    E = Fe
    q or

    E = kq
    r2

    SI units: N or V
    2
    C m

    Sample Problem:
    1. A charge of 1.5 uC present in an electric field produces a force of 0.06 N. Calculate the intensity of the
    electric field.
    Given: q = 1.5 uC (1.5 x 10-6C)
    Fe = 0.06 N (6 x 10-2 N)
    Required: E
    Formula:
    E = Fe
    q

    Solution:
    E = 6 x 10-2 N
    1.5x 10-6 C

    E = 4 x 104 N
    C

    Activity 2:
    Answer the following questions and write your answers on answers on a yellow paper.

    1. A test charge of 1 x 10-6 C is placed halfway between a charge of 5 x 10-6 C and a charge of 3 x 10-6 C that are
    20 cm apart. Find the magnitude and direction on the test charge.
    2. What is the electric field that acts on the electron in a hydrogen atom, which is 5.3 x 10 -11 m from the proton
    that is the atom’s nucleus?
    3. How much force is exerted on a charge of 10-6 C by an electric field of 60 N?
    C
    4. Draw the following with only 6 lines of force:
    a. Positive charge
    b. Negative charge
    c. Two negative charges placed near each other
    d. Two positive charges placed near each other

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