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    Goat Feeding

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    About goat farming Good informative and interesting

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    Goat Feeding

    Uploaded by

    drsaket
    6 views25 pages
    About goat farming Good informative and interesting

    Original Title

    Goat-Feeding (2)

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    About goat farming Good informative and interesting

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views25 pages

    Goat Feeding

    Uploaded by

    drsaket
    About goat farming Good informative and interesting

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    Feeding Management of Goat

    Dr. Pankaj Kumar Singh


    Assistant Professor (Animal Nutrition)

    E-mail: [email protected]; phone: +91-7909079625


    INTRODUCTION
     In economic terms, feed cost accounts for about 70% of the total cost of

    livestock production.

     Small ruminants are the moving bank and means of investment for many

    marginal and small farmers.

     The feasibility of livestock enterprises is, therefore, a function of the type of

    feed and feeding system.

     It is estimated that up to a five-fold increase in tropical livestock productivity

    can be attained if there is optimal feed resource utilization.

     The annual growth rate rates of 3.5% for goats and 2.0%for sheep are higher

    than for buffaloes and cattle.


    Goat Nutrition
     Kid Nutrition
     Colostrum feeding 3 days
     milk feeding upto 60 days (weaning)
     Creep ration 15-90 days
     Grower ration 90 days onward

     Doe Nutrition
     Buck Nutrition
    Feeding schedule of Kid
    The kid should be allowed to suck its dam for the first three or four days so
    that they can get good amount of colostrum.
    Colostrum is given at the rate of 100 ml per kg live weight.

    Age Milk/colostrum Creep Feed Green


    (Days) (ml) (g) Forage (g)
    1-3 350, 3 feeding - -
    (Colostrum)
    4-14 350, 3 feeding - -
    15-30 350, 3 feeding A little A little
    31-60 400, 2 feeding 100-150 Free choice
    61-90 200, 2 feeding 200-250 Free choice
    Creep feeding
     This creep feed may be started from 15 days of age and up to 2-3 months
    of age
     50 – 100 gm/animal/day.
     Contain 22 per cent protein.
     Antibiotics like oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline may be mixed at the
    rate of 15 to 25 mg/kg of feed.

    Advantages:
     Encourages early consumption of solid food
     provides supplemental nutrients for rapid gain
     promotes early weaning
    Creep ration

    Ingredients (%) % %
    Maize 40 60
    Wheat Bran 17 7
    GNC 20 20
    Fish meal - 10
    Dal chunni 20 -
    Mineral Mixture 2 2
    Common Salt 1 1
    Aurofac 150 g 150g
    2. Feeding after three months to twelve months of age

    Grazing in the pasture for about 8 hours per day.

    Supplementation of concentrate mixture @ 100 – 200


    g/animal/day with protein of 16-18 per cent.

    Dry fodder during night in summer months and during rainy


    days.
    Grower ration
    (12-14%DCP, 60-65% TDN)

    Ingredients (%) % %
    Maize 50 30
    Wheat Bran 30 30
    GNC 10 -
    Dal chunni - 30
    Molasses 7 7
    Mineral Mixture 2 2
    Common Salt 1 1
    DCP (%), TDN (%) 15,60 15,65
    Low quality roughage should be supplemented with grower
    ration @ 350-400 g daily
    Doe Nutrition
    Feed accordingly to stage of production
    Dry
    Breeding
    Early Gestation
    Late gestation
    Lactation
    Feeding of Dry Goats
    Period between weaning & breeding
     Lowest nutrient requirements
     Need dry matter 2% of body weight
     Good quality pasture should meet most requirement
    needs
     6-8 hours of grazing will take care of nutritional needs
     If the availability of pasture is good there is no need to
    supplement concentrate mixture.
     In poor grazing condition animals may be supplemented
    with concentrate mixture @150 – 350 g of concentrate
    / animal/day depending up on the age
     The DCP level of concentrate mixture should be 12 %.
    Feeding of Breeding Goat
    Flushing:
    Feed breeding age goats extra ration (25% of
    maintenance) 2 - 3 weeks before breeding
     Increase ovulation rate
     Improves fertility
     Increases conception
     Increase Multiple births
     Dependent on quantity and quality of available forage and
    condition of does
    Early Gestation..

     Gestation: 150 days


     First 100 days ~Similar to dry feeding
     Very little fetal growth
     Take advantage of forage
     Monitor body condition score
    Late Gestation..
     Last 50 days
     Most critical time – 70% of fetal growth
     Poor nutrition costs production
     Low birth weights
     Low mothering ability
     Low milk production
     Lack of enough energy in the feed can cause pregnancy toxaemia
    (Ketosis) in does
     Need 4 - 4.5% of body weight

     Utilize pasture & supplement feeding


     Grazing 4-5 hours per day.

     In addition to grazing, animals should be fed with concentrate mixture @

    250 –350 g/animal/day.


    Feeding lactating Doe
     Doe nutrition ~ key to early kid growth
     Lactation peaks at 2 - 4 weeks
     Feed at 4 - 5% body weight
    The following rations may be recommended
    6-8 hours grazing + 10 kg cultivated green fodder/day

    6-8 hours grazing + 400 g of concentrate mixture/day

    6-8 hours grazing + 800 g of good quality legume


    hay/day
    Buck Nutrition
     Utilize pasture when available
     Feed intake 3-3.5% of body weight
     The common practice is allowing the bucks to graze 6-
    8 hours.
     Usually, it will meet the nutritional requirements of
    the buck.
     Where there are facilities for separate feeding of the
    buck, it may be given 500 g of a concentrate mixture
    FEEDING HABITS

     Goats are natural browser preferring to eat leaves and


    twigs

    Feeds given must be clean and fresh, since goats eat


    nothing that is dirty or foul-smelling.

    They dislike wet, stale or trampled fodder. For this reason


    it is advisable to feed them in hay-racks or hang the feed
    in bundles from a peg in a wall or from a branch of a tree.

     Double-sided portable hay-racks are the most suitable


    and convenient for stall feeding.

    Goats will not mouldy o musty feed


    Feeding systems of goats
    1. Tethering

    2. Extensive system of feeding

    3. Semi-Intensive system of feeding

    4. Intensive system of feeding


    1. Tethering
     When grazing facilities are limited and one or two goats are to be
    kept then tethering is practiced.
     Animal is tied with a rope of 3-5 m length which permits the
    goats to browse over a limited area.
     Change the location whenever necessary so that goats may get
    sufficient grass to meet the requirement.
     Provide a temporary or portable shelter closeby within reach of
    animals so that it may turn to it in case of extreme weather.
     Tethering utilize grasses properly and is easy to rear goats at low
    resources.
    2. Intensive system-zero grazing-system
    Keeping goats in stalls and feeding them cultivated fodders (fresh and
    conserved) and concentrates to meet their requirement.
     Advantages:
     Goats get optimum nutrition
     Performance of goats is good (growth, milk yield
     Doe mature at early age
     Parasitic infestation is low
     Reproductive performance is better
     Twinning percentage is high
     Milk yield is high
     Dressing percentage is high

     Disadvantages:
     Labour and capital cost is more
     Benefits of exercise are less
     Detection of heat by teaser is difficult
    3. Extensive system/Range system of goat rearing
     Small farmers and landless labourers take their goats and sheep together walking
    long distances in search of food and water.
     Goats find opportunity to browse for about 8-9 hrs/day
     Advantages:
     Easy and convenient method
     Use of low resources
     Less expensive ( Low Capital and labour expenses are low)
     Increases fertility of soil by way of manure and urine dropped by animals.
     Helps in control of weeds by animals
     Limitations:
     Natural potential of range lands is low due to extreme weather and less nutritious
    soil.
     Fluctuation in availability of feeds from region to region and season to season
     Poor nutritional availability to animals restricts productivity
    Browsing
    Browsing:
    • Goats are natural browsers and have the unique
    ability to select plants when they are at their
    most nutritious state.
    • Browse (leaves & twigs) and forbs (weeds) contain
    higher levels of protein & phosphorous during growing
    season than ordinary pasture.
    -Provide Weed control
    • Some browse is unpalatable
    -High lignin, silica, essential oils, etc.

    • Goats which browse have less problems with


    internal parasites
    4. Semi intensive system
     Combination of intensive and extensive system.

     Grazing 4-6 hours and then kept in stalls where they offered
    roughage and concentrate mixture depending upon their
    availability.

     Performance of goats depend upon quality and quantity of feeds


    made available through limited browsing and supplementary
    feeds.

     Level of nutrition is better then goats find in extensive system.


    Advantage of semi- intensive system
    • Meeting the nutrient requirement both from grazing and stall
    feeding.

    • Managing medium to large flock of 50 to 350 heads and


    above.

    • Utilizing cultivated forage during lean period.

    • Harvesting good crop of kids both for meat and milk.

    • Making a profitable gain due to less labour input


    Questions?

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