Homework Chapter 3

Sheyla Alcala
September 16, 2024

Physics 011
Section # 16443
HOMEWORK CHAPTER 3
1. What is conservation law? What is the basic approach taken when using a conservation law?
 A conservation law states that the total amount of certain physical quantity present in a
system stays constant. (pg. 82) An isolated system, which is when the total mass of the
objects in the system doesn’t change regardless of the interactions within it.
5. For what type of interaction between bodies is the law of conservation of linear momentum
most useful?
 The law of conservation of linear momentum is most useful when analyzing collisions.
9. When climbing a flight of stairs, do you do work on the stairs? Do the stairs do work on you?
 When going up the stairs, I do work on the stairs because I lift my body against gravity to
go up.
13. When you throw a ball, the work you do to accelerate it equals the kinetic energy the ball
gains. If you do twice as much work when throwing the ball, does it go twice as fast? Explain.
 The ball will not go twice as fast because kinetic energy is proportional to the square of
its speed (pg. 95).
17. If a spring is compressed to half its length, by how much does the amount of energy stored in
the spring change?
 The amount of energy stored in the spring is ¼ of its original energy stored.
21. If you hold a rubber ball at eye level and drop it, it will bounce back, but not to its original
height. Identify the energy conversions that take place during the process and explain why the
ball does not reach its original release level.
 Gravitational potential energy to Kinetic energy, Kinetic energy to Elastic energy, and so
on. The ball does not reach its original release level because of Air resistance. When the
ball is making its way back up the air resistance makes the ball lose energy.
25. Carts A and B stick together whenever they collide. The mass of A is twice the mass of B.
How could you roll the carts toward each other in such a way that they would be stopped after
the collision? (Assume there is no friction and that the carts move on level ground.)
 To make sure cart A and cart B stop after the collision the total momentum before the
collision must be equal to the total momentum after the collision in order for them to
stop. In order to get that conclusion cart B needs to be rolled towards cart A with twice its
velocity.
29. A person runs up several flights of stairs and is exhausted at the top. Later, the same person
walks up the same stairs and does not feel as tired. Why is this? Ignoring air resistance, does it
take more work or energy to run up the stairs than to walk up?
 The work done is the same whether running or walking because it is the same distance.
The person got more tired running up the stairs because their body created more energy to
do the same work in less time.
33. Five identical boxes with the same speeds slide along a frictionless horizontal surface. The
mass of each box is 10 kg. The same magnitude force, F, is applied to each box, but along
different directions. Rank the five situations described here from greatest to smallest according to
the work done on the box by the force while the box moves through the distance d indicated each
description. For this analysis, take motion/distance directed to the right as positive and force
directed up as positive. If any of the situations result in the same work being done, give them the
same ranking.
(a) F to the right, and d 5 5 m to the right (F = 5)
(b) F to the right, and d 5 10 m to the right (F = 10)
(c) F up, and d 5 10 m to the right (F = 0)
(d) F to the left, and d 5 5 m to the right (F = -5)
(e) F down, and d 5 5 m to the right (F = 0)
 Ranking: B, A, C&E, D
Sheyla Alcala
September 16, 2024
Physics 011
Section # 16443
HOMEWORK CHAPTER 3
1. A sprinter with a mass of 65 kg reaches a speed of 10 m/s during a race. Find the sprinter’s
linear momentum.
 P = mv
P = (65kg) (10 m/s)
Linear momentum = 650kg m/s
5. In Section 1.4, we considered the collision of a karate expert’s hand with a concrete block.
Based on the graphs in Figure 1.31, the initial downward speed of the fist with mass 0.75 kg is
about −13 m/s and the collision time is approximately 25 ms. Find the impulse and the average
force exerted on the block by the fist during the collision.
 m = .75kg, v = -13 m/s, Δt = 25ms
J = .75kg (0 m/s – [−13 m/s ]¿
J = .75kg (13 m/s)
Impulse (J) = 9.75kg m/s
F = J/ Δt
F = 9.75kg/ .025s
F = 390N
9. A 50-kg boy on roller skates moves with a speed of 5 m/s. He runs into a 40-kg girl on skates.
Assuming they cling together after the collision, what is their speed?
 P(initial) = 50kg (5 m/s) = 250kg m/s
m (total) = 40kg + 50kg (v)
m = 90kg v
250kg m/s = 90kg v
v = 250kg m/s / 90kg
v = 2.78 m/s
13. A motorist runs out of gas on a level road 200 m from a gas station. The driver pushes the
1,200-kg car to the gas station. If a 150-N force is required to keep the car moving, how much
work does the driver do?
 W = F (d)
W = 150N (200m)
W = 30,000J
17. A personal watercraft and rider have a combined mass of 400 kg. What is their kinetic energy
when they are going 15 m/s?
 KE = ½ mv^2
KE = ½ 400kg (15 m/s) ^2
KE = 45,000J
21. An archer using a simple bow exerts a force of 180 N to draw back the bow string 0.50 m.
(a) What is the average work done by the archer in preparing to launch her arrow? (Hint:
Compute the average work as you would any average quantity: average work 5 1/2 [final work –
initial work].)
 F = 180N, m = .021kg, d = .5m
F (average) = F(final) – F (initial) = ½ (180N x .50m) = 90N
W(average) = 90N (.5m)
W = 45J
(b) If all the work is converted into the kinetic energy of the arrow upon its release, what is the
arrow’s speed as it leaves the bow? Assume the mass of the arrow is 0.021 kg and ignore any
kinetic energy in the bow as it relaxes to its original shape.
 KE = ½ mv^2
v^2 = (2) (45J)/ .021kg
v^2 = 4,286m^2/s^2
v = 65.5 m/s
(c) If the arrow is shot straight up, what is the maximum height achieved by the arrow? Ignore
any effects due to air resistance in making your assessment.
 h = v^2/ 2g
h = 4,286 m^2/s^2 / 19.6 m^2/s^2
h = 218.7m (3.28)
h = 717.25ft
25. A child on a swing has a speed of 7.7 m/s at the low point of the arc (Figure 3.46). How high
will the swing be at the high point?
 h = v^2/2g
h = (7.7m/s) ^2 / (2) (9.8 m/s^2
h ≈ 3m
29. A bicycle and rider going 10 m/s approach a hill. Their total mass is 80 kg.
(a) What is their kinetic energy?
 KE = ½ mv^2
KE = ½ (80kg) (10 m/s) ^2
KE = 4,000J
(b) If the rider coasts up the hill without pedaling, how high above its starting level will the
bicycle be when it finally rolls to a stop?
 PE = mgh, KE = PE
4,000J = (80kg) (9.8 m/s^2) h
h = 4,000J / (80kg) (9.8 m/s^2)
h = 4,000J / 784kg m/s^2
h = 5.1m
33. Compute how much kinetic energy was “lost” in the inelastic collision in Problem 9.
 KE (initial) = ½ mv^2
KE = ½ 50kg (5 m/s) ^2
KE = 25kg (25 m^2/s^2
KE = 625 J
 KE (final) = ½ 90kg (2.78 m/s) ^2

KE = 45kg (7.73 m^2/s^2)
KE = 348J
 KE = 625J – 348J
KE (lost) = 277J
37. A particular hydraulic pile driver uses a ram with a mass of 1040 kg. If the maximum pile
energy is 11,780 J, how high must the ram be raised to achieve this value? Assuming it takes
0.62 s for the pile driver’s winch motor to raise the ram at a constant speed to this height, what is
the power output by the motor in completing this task? Express your answer in both watts and
horsepower.
(a) Ram
 h = PE / mg
h = 11,780J / 1,040kg (9.8 m/s^2)
h = 1.16m
(b) Power Output
 P=W/t
P = 11,780J / .62s
P = 19,000 Watts
19,000 / 746 ≈ 25.46hp
41. Two small 0.25-kg masses are attached to opposite ends of a very lightweight rigid rod 0.5 m
long. The system is spinning in a horizontal plane around a vertical axis perpendicular to the rod
located halfway between the masses. Each mass is moving in a circle of radius 0.25 m at a speed
of 0.75 m/s. What is the total angular momentum of this system?
 L = mvr
L = 2 (.25kg) (.25m) (.75m/s)
Total angular momentum = .094kg m^2/s

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Sheyla Alcala

September 16, 2024

 KE (final) = ½ 90kg (2.78 m/s) ^2

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