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    Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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    Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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    Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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    Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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    Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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    Elite Essays
    Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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    Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

    Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is one of the severe lung conditions

    caused by an injury that allows fluid leakage into the air sacs. Breathing becomes

    challenging, and oxygen cannot get into the body. The condition may also be due to

    widespread inflammation, which increases the permeability of the alveolar-capillary

    membrane. The breathing difficulty causes the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood.

    The interpretation of the ABG gas results helps in the diagnosis of ARDS. ROME

    (Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal) plays a role in differentiating the typical values

    from the abnormal recordings.

    Significant ABG results for the patient are indicated as follows:

     pH = 7.44 (normal)

     PaCO2 = 28 (low)

     HCO3 = low

     PaO2 = 54 (low)

    Using the ROME mnemonic:

     The low PaCO2 (28) suggests respiratory alkalosis (opposite of pH), indicating that

    Mrs. Breathless is hyperventilating.

     The low HCO3 suggests metabolic acidosis (equal to pH), which may compensate for

    respiratory alkalosis.

     The low PaO2 (54) indicates significant hypoxemia, likely due to impaired gas

    exchange in the lungs affected by pneumonia.


    Based on the clinical presentation and ABG results, the following will be the appropriate

    treatment for the patient:

    Maintenance of airway patent clearance

    The first approach would entail maintaining airway patency, which addresses

    excessive secretions by addressing pneumonia-related coughing. Manoeuvres should enhance

    lung expansion through external pressure to assist in improving patency. Nebulizers can play

    a role in humidifying and encouraging expectoration (Papazian et al., 2019).

    Intervene to improve gas exchange.

    The manifestation of respiratory distress indicates underlying lung conditions that

    would help the patient adapt to the breathing patterns, thus facilitating gas exchange. Besides,

    it is vital to assist the patient with comfort measures, which would help reduce fever and

    chills.

    Promote effective breathing patterns through breathing exercises.

    The patient should be directed to cough, which improves airway patency. Some

    critical interventions include correct positioning, deep breathing, and contracting the

    expiratory muscles while opening and closing the glottis (Lee, 2017).

    Administer medications as indicated.

    Pneumonia treatment entails the administration of antibiotics based on the culture of

    the sputum. Inappropriate antibiotic use should be avoided through antibiotic stewardship

    programs, which ensure following evidence-based guidelines and monitoring the

    susceptibility of pathogenic patterns (Mondeshki et al., 2022). Some of the drugs include

    mucolytics, expectorants, bronchodilators, and analgesics.

    Other vital interventions include:


    a) Monitoring patient discomfort and acute pain

    b) Continuously monitor vital signs.

    c) Promote rest, which would improve tolerance to activity. Nurses should advise

    the patient to avoid overexertion by engaging in moderate exercise.


    References

    Lee, K.-Y. (2017). Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Early Immune-

    Modulator Therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(2),

    388. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020388

    Mondeshki, T., Bilyukov, R., Tomov, T., Mihaylov, M., & Mitev, V. (2022). Complete,

    Rapid Resolution of Severe Bilateral Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress

    Syndrome in a COVID-19 Patient: Role for a Unique Therapeutic Combination of

    Inhalations With Bromhexine, Higher Doses of Colchicine, and

    Hymecromone. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30269

    Papazian, L., Aubron, C., Brochard, L., Chiche, J.-D., Combes, A., Dreyfuss, D., Forel, J.-M.,

    Guérin, C., Jaber, S., Mekontso-Dessap, A., Mercat, A., Richard, J.-C., Roux, D.,

    Vieillard-Baron, A., & Faure, H. (2019). Formal guidelines: management of acute

    respiratory distress syndrome. Annals of Intensive

    Care, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-019-0540-9

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