ST1404 S55 Engine
ST1404 S55 Engine
ST1404 S55 Engine
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S55�Engine
BMW�Service
General�information
Symbols�used
The�following�symbol�is�used�in�this�document�to�facilitate�better�comprehension�or�to�draw�attention
to�very�important�information:
Contains�important�safety�information�and�information�that�needs�to�be�observed�strictly�in�order�to
guarantee�the�smooth�operation�of�the�system.
Information�status�and�national-market�versions
BMW�Group�vehicles�meet�the�requirements�of�the�highest�safety�and�quality�standards.�Changes
in�requirements�for�environmental�protection,�customer�benefits�and�design�render�necessary
continuous�development�of�systems�and�components.�Consequently,�there�may�be�discrepancies
between�the�contents�of�this�document�and�the�vehicles�available�in�the�training�course.
This�document�basically�relates�to�the�European�version�of�left-hand�drive�vehicles.�Some�operating
elements�or�components�are�arranged�differently�in�right-hand�drive�vehicles�than�shown�in�the
graphics�in�this�document.�Further�differences�may�arise�as�a�result�of�the�equipment�specification�in
specific�markets�or�countries.
Additional�sources�of�information
Further�information�on�the�individual�topics�can�be�found�in�the�following:
• Owner's�Handbook
• Integrated�Service�Technical�Application
Contact:�[email protected]
©2014�BMW�AG,�Munich
Reprints�of�this�publication�or�its�parts�require�the�written�approval�of�BMW�AG,�Munich
The�information�contained�in�this�document�forms�an�integral�part�of�the�technical�training�of�the
BMW�Group�and�is�intended�for�the�trainer�and�participants�in�the�seminar.�Refer�to�the�latest�relevant
information�systems�of�the�BMW�Group�for�any�changes/additions�to�the�technical�data.
Information�status:�March�2014
BV-72/Technical�Training
S55�Engine
Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Highlights............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1.1. Technical�data............................................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.1.2. Full�load�diagram................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2. S55/N55�new�features/changes..................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.1. Overview............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2.2. Comparison�of�the�N55�engine/S55�engine.............................................................................. 6
2. Engine�History............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.1. Variants�of�the�BMW�M3�engines........................................................................................................................................... 10
3. Engine�Identification......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1. Engine�designation�and�engine�identification...................................................................................................... 11
3.1.1. Engine�designation....................................................................................................................................................... 11
4. Engine�Mechanical................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
4.1. Engine�housing..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.1.1. Engine�block............................................................................................................................................................................ 13
4.1.2. Cylinder�head......................................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.1.3. Cylinder�head�cover..................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.1.4. Engine�cover............................................................................................................................................................................ 24
4.1.5. Oil� pan................................................................................................................................................................................................25
4.2. Crankshaft..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
4.2.1. Crankshaft�with�bearings..................................................................................................................................... 26
4.2.2. Connecting�rod�with�bearing......................................................................................................................... 27
4.2.3. Piston�and�piston�rings........................................................................................................................................... 31
4.3. Camshaft�drive....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
5. Valvetrain................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
5.1. Design.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
5.1.1. Camshafts.................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
5.1.2. Timing................................................................................................................................................................................................ 36
5.1.3. Intake�and�exhaust�valves................................................................................................................................... 37
5.1.4. Valve�springs........................................................................................................................................................................... 37
5.2. Valvetronic..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
5.2.1. VANOS.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
5.2.2. Valve�lift�control.................................................................................................................................................................. 40
6. Belt�Drive�&�Auxiliary�Components....................................................................................................................................................... 46
6.1. Belt�drive......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
6.1.1. Vibration�damper.............................................................................................................................................................. 47
S55�Engine
Contents
7. Oil� Supply...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................48
7.1. Oil�circuit......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
7.1.1. Oil�passages.............................................................................................................................................................................48
7.1.2. Oil�return........................................................................................................................................................................................ 52
7.1.3. Oil�pump�and�pressure�control...................................................................................................................54
7.1.4. Suction�pump.........................................................................................................................................................................55
7.1.5. Oil�filter�and�engine�oil�cooling...................................................................................................................60
7.1.6. Oil�spray�nozzles............................................................................................................................................................... 61
7.1.7. Engine�oil�pressure�monitoring.................................................................................................................. 61
8. Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems.......................................................................................................................................62
8.1. Air�intake�system................................................................................................................................................................................................62
8.1.1. Overview......................................................................................................................................................................................... 62
8.1.2. Intake�manifold..................................................................................................................................................................... 66
8.1.3. Tank�ventilation�system..........................................................................................................................................67
8.2. Exhaust�emission�system..................................................................................................................................................................... 68
8.2.1. Overview......................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
8.2.2. Exhaust�manifold.............................................................................................................................................................. 70
8.2.3. Lightweight�construction�of�heat�shields�for�exhaust�manifold................72
8.2.4. Exhaust�turbocharger................................................................................................................................................ 73
8.2.5. Catalytic�converter......................................................................................................................................................... 75
9. Vacuum�System.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 76
9.1. Design.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 76
9.1.1. Vacuum�pump....................................................................................................................................................................... 77
11. Cooling�System........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 87
11.1. Overview.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 87
11.2. Engine�cooling....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 90
11.2.1. Coolant�passages..........................................................................................................................................................92
11.2.2. Cooling�circuit,�exhaust�turbochargers..........................................................................................93
11.3. Charge�air�cooling............................................................................................................................................................................................ 95
12. Engine�Electrical�System.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 97
12.1. Electrical�system�connection..........................................................................................................................................................97
S55�Engine
Contents
12.1.1. Overview......................................................................................................................................................................................... 97
12.1.2. System�wiring�diagrams........................................................................................................................................ 98
12.1.3. Engine�control�unit.................................................................................................................................................... 101
12.2. Functions.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 101
12.2.1. Fuel�supply.............................................................................................................................................................................101
12.2.2. Charging�pressure�control.............................................................................................................................101
12.3. Sensors......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 102
12.3.1. Crankshaft�sensor.......................................................................................................................................................102
12.3.2. Ignition�coil�and�spark�plug..........................................................................................................................103
12.3.3. Oil�pressure�sensor.................................................................................................................................................. 104
12.3.4. Oxygen�sensors............................................................................................................................................................. 104
12.3.5. Hot�film�air�mass�meter..................................................................................................................................... 106
12.4. Actuators.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................106
12.4.1. Valvetronic�servomotor....................................................................................................................................... 106
12.4.2. High-pressure�fuel�injection�valve..................................................................................................... 108
In�contrast�to�the�previous�model,�with�its�V8�naturally�aspirated�engine,�the�new�BMW�M3�and
M4�Coupé�are�driven�by�a�3.0�liter,�6�cylinder�gasoline�engine�with�M�TwinPower�turbo�technology.
Technical�updates�and�M�GmbH�modifications�make�the�engine�suitable�for�motor�racing.
Thanks�to�turbocharging�and�the�high-speed�concept,�the�new�M�engine�impresses�with�an
unforeseen�power�development�of�317�kW/425�HP�and,�in�contrast�to�the�S65,�is�readily�available�at
considerably�lower�engine�speeds.�The�maximum�torque,�a�sign�of�the�power�development�felt�by�the
driver,�increased�by�37%�from�400�Nm/295�lb-ft�to�550�Nm/406�lb-ft,�and�is�available�across�almost�the
entire�usable�engine�speed�range.�Even�though�the�S55�has�increased�power�output,�with�the�help�of
BMW�EfficientDynamics�measures,�fuel�consumption�and�CO2�emissions�were�reduced�by�28%�and
26%�respectively.
As�the�S55�engine�is�based�on�the�N55�engine,�75%�of�the�engine�components�were�adopted�from
the�N55�production�engine�and�the�other�25%�of�the�engine�components�are�new�developments.�All
the�technical�data�is�above�that�of�the�predecessor.
The�S55�engine�also�contributes�to�the�overall�concept�of�intelligent�lightweight�construction�in�the
F80/F82.�Through�the�intelligent�use�of�material,�the�weight�of�the�S55�engine�was�reduced�by�3%�in
comparison�to�the�S65�engine.
1
S55�Engine
1.�Introduction
1.1.1.�Technical�data
S55�engine,�overall�view
2
S55�Engine
1.�Introduction
Model Unit E92�M3*** F80/F82***
Digital�Engine�Electronics MS�S60 MEVD17.2.G
Exhaust�emissions�legislation LEV�II ULEV�2
Engine�weight [kg/lbs] 212�/�467 205�/�452
Maximum�speed [km/h�/�mph] 250*�/�155* 250*�/�155*
Acceleration�0–60�mph [s] 4.6 4.1
3.9***
Vehicle�curb�weight�US [kg/lbs] 1,600�/�2527 F80�1,606�/�3540**
Vehicle 1,675�/�3692 1,631�/�3595***
F82�1,601�/�3529**
1,626�/�3584�***
*�=�Electronically�regulated
**�=�Manual�gearbox
***�=�with�M�Double-clutch�Transmission�with�Drivelogic�(SA�2MK)
3
S55�Engine
1.�Introduction
1.1.2.�Full�load�diagram
In�comparison�to�the�predecessor,�the�S55�engine�features�lower�fuel�consumption�with�higher�power
and�torque�output.
Full�load�diagram�E9x�M3�with�S65B40�engine�in�comparison�to�the�F80/F82�M3/M4�Coupé�with�S55B30T0�engine
4
S55�Engine
1.�Introduction
1.2.�S55/N55�new�features/changes
1.2.1.�Overview
S55�engine,�overview
5
S55�Engine
1.�Introduction
Index Explanation
1 Cylinder�head�cover
2 Cylinder�head
3 Cylinder�head�gasket
4 Crankcase
5 Crankshaft�drive
6 Bedplate
7 Engine�oil�sump�gasket
8 Oil�supply
9 Oil�pan
1.2.2.�Comparison�of�the�N55�engine/S55�engine
Engine�Mechanics
6
S55�Engine
1.�Introduction
Valve�Gear
Belt�Drive�and�Auxiliary�Components
Oil�Supply
7
S55�Engine
1.�Introduction
Air�Intake�and�Exhaust�Emission�systems
Vacuum�System
Fuel�System
8
S55�Engine
1.�Introduction
Cooling�System
Engine�Electrical�System
9
S55�Engine
2.�Engine�History
2.1.�Variants�of�the�BMW�M3�engines
Engine Version Series Displacement Stroke/ Power�in Torque
in�cm³ Bore�hole kW/HP in�Nm
in�mm at at
S14B23 US E30 2,302 84.0�/�93.4 143�/�192 230
6,750 4,750
S50B30 US E36 2,990 85.8�/ 177�/�240 305
86.06 6,000 4,250
S52B32 US E36 3,152 89.6�/�86.4 177�/�240 320
6,000 3,800
S54B32 US E46 3,246 91.0�/�87.0 248�/�333 355
7,900 4,900
S65B40 US E9x 3,999 75.2�/�92.0 309�/�414 400
8,300 3,900
10
S55�Engine
3.�Engine�Identification
3.1.�Engine�designation�and�engine�identification
3.1.1.�Engine�designation
In�the�technical�documentation,�the�engine�designation�is�used�to�ensure�distinct�identification�of�the
engine.
The�technical�documentation�also�contains�the�short�form�of�the�engine�designation�S55,�which�only
indicates�the�engine�type.
11
S55�Engine
3.�Engine�Identification
Breakdown�of�the�S55�engine�designation
Index Explanation
S BMW�M�GmbH�development
5 6-cylinder�in-line�engine
5 Engine�with�direct�fuel�injection,�Valvetronic�and
exhaust�turbocharger
B gasoline�engine,�longitudinal�installation
30 3.0�liter�displacement
T TOP�performance�class
0 New�development
12
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
4.1.�Engine�housing
The�engine�housing�includes�the�engine�block�(crankcase�and�bedplate),�cylinder�head,�cylinder�head
cover,�oil�sump,�and�gaskets.
4.1.1.�Engine�block
The�engine�block�is�made�from�die-cast�aluminum�alloy�(AlSi�7Cu0.5Mg)�and�consists�of�a�crankcase
and�bedplate.
Crankcase�and�bedplate
The�crankcase�of�the�S55�engine�is�designed�as�a�Closed�Deck�crankcase,�while�the�N55�is�an�open
deck�design.�It�does�not�have�moulded�cylinder�liners�made�from�cast�iron�like�the�N55�engine,�but
LDS-coated�aluminium�cylinder�liners.�For�more�information�on�electric�arc�wire�spraying�(LDS)�please
refer�to�the�"ST1111�N20�Engine"�Technical�Reference�Manual.
This�material�combination�lightened�the�S55�engine�block�by�2.2kg/4.85lbs�in�comparison�to�the
production�engine�(N55).�This�weight�savings�benefits�the�intelligent�lightweight�construction�of�the
F80/F82–M3/M4�Coupé.
With�a�closed�deck�crankcase�design,�the�openings�for�the�crankcase�cover�plate�are�reduced�and
result�in�the�increase�of�overall�crankcase�rigidity.
As�a�mechanical�coolant�pump�is�used�in�the�S55�engine,�the�coolant�ducts�and�the�fixture�for�the
coolant�pump�are�inserted�in�the�crankcase.
In�addition,�the�mounting�points�for�the�S55�engine-specific�auxiliary�components�have�been�adapted
to�the�crankcase.
13
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
S55�engine,�Closed�Deck�crankcase
Index Explanation
1 Fixture,�engine�coolant�pump
2 Engine�oil�return,�exhaust�side
3 Engine�oil�return,�intake�side
4 Coolant�ducts
5 Cylinder�liners,�LDS-coated
14
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
S55�engine,�ventilation�holes�in�the�crankcase
The�crankcase�has�longitudinal�ventilation�holes�bored�between�the�lower�chambers�of�the�cylinders.
These�ventilation�holes�improve�the�pressure�equalization�of�the�oscillating�air�columns�created�by�the
up�and�down�strokes�of�the�pistons.
15
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
S55�engine,�bedplate�from�above
The�crankcase�and�bedplate�also�have�the�necessary�connections�for�the�two�exhaust�turbocharger
coolant�and�oil�supply/return�lines.
16
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
4.1.2.�Cylinder�head
The�cylinder�head�of�the�S55�engine�has�been�modified�to�motor�racing�requirements.�The�basic
structure�of�the�cylinder�head�is�similar�to�that�of�the�N55�engine.�The�S55�6-cylinder�engine�also�uses
direct�fuel�injection�with�exhaust�turbocharging�and�Valvetronic.�The�cylinder�head�is�very�compact�and
is�equipped�with�the�3rd�generation�Valvetronic.
The�combination�of�exhaust�turbocharger,�Valvetronic�and�direct�fuel�injection�is�known�as�Turbo
Valvetronic�Direct�Injection�(TVDI).
TVDI�technology�reduces�CO2�emission�and�fuel�consumption�by�3–6%.
The�connections�for�the�VANOS�non-return�valves�were�removed�like�in�the�N55�engine,�as�they�have
been�integrated�in�the�solenoid�valves.�The�cylinder�head�also�features�coolant�passages�around�the
injectors�for�indirect�cooling.
S55�engine,�cylinder�head
17
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
4.1.3.�Cylinder�head�cover
Design
The�cylinder�head�cover�is�a�modified�part�from�the�N55�engine.�Unlike�the�N55�cylinder�head�cover,
the�S55�cylinder�head�cover�no�longer�has�a�built�in�accumulator�for�the�vacuum�system.
The�general�operating�principle�of�the�crankcase�ventilation�in�the�cylinder�head�cover�has�not
changed�from�a�technical�viewpoint.
All�the�components�for�crankcase�ventilation�and�the�blow-by�ducts�are�integrated�in�the�cylinder�head
cover.�The�integrated�non-return�valves�ensure�that�the�blow-by�gases�are�reliably�supplied�to�the
intake�air�in�both�engine�modes�(NA�and�Boost).
The�S55�engine�is�equipped�with�a�vacuum-controlled�crankcase�ventilation�system.�A�vacuum�of
approximately�38�mbar�is�regulated.
S55�engine,�cylinder�head�cover�with�crankcase�ventilation
18
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
Index Explanation
1 Housing�without�vacuum�reservoir
2 Connection,�Valvetronic�servomotor
3 Blow-by�gas�duct�with�settling�chamber,�impact�plate,
pressure�control�valve�and�non-return�valves
4 Pressure�control�valve
5 Oil�filling�lid�opening
6 Housing,�chain�drive
7 Crankcase�ventilation�line
The�crankcase�ventilation�line�cannot�be�replaced�individually,�only�together�with�the�cylinder�head
cover.
The�blow-by�gases�reach�a�settling�chamber�in�the�cylinder�head�cover�through�an�opening�in�the
rear�of�the�cover.�The�blow-by�gases�are�then�directed�through�holes�on�an�impact�plate�which�the�oil
hits,�at�a�high�flow�rate,�and�drains�down.�The�blow-by�gases,�cleaned�of�oil,�now�flow�via�the�pressure
control�valve�through�the�non�return�valves�(depending�on�the�operating�mode)�to�the�charge�air�intake
pipe�before�the�exhaust�turbocharger�or�to�the�intake�manifold�before�the�intake�valves.�The�separated
oil�is�directed�via�return�duct�to�the�oil�sump.
Function
Naturally�Aspirated�Mode
The�standard�function�can�only�be�utilized�while�there�is�a�vacuum�in�the�intake�manifold,�i.e.�in
naturally�aspirated�mode.
In�naturally�aspirated�mode,�the�non-return�valves�in�the�blow-by�duct�of�the�cylinder�head�cover�are
opened�by�the�vacuum�in�the�intake�plenum�and�the�blow-by�gases�are�drawn�off�via�the�pressure
control�valve.�The�vacuum�simultaneously�closes�the�second�non-return�valve�in�the�duct�to�the
charge-air�intake�line.
Blow-by�gases�are�routed�directly�into�the�cylinder�head�intake�ports�via�the�distribution�rail�integrated
in�the�cylinder�head�cover.
19
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
S55�engine,�crankcase�ventilation,�naturally�aspirated�mode
Index Explanation
A Ambient�pressure
B Vacuum
C Exhaust�gas
D Oil
E Blow-by�gas
1 Air�cleaner
2 Intake�manifold
20
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
Index Explanation
3 Perforated�plates
4 Oil�return�duct
5 Crank�chamber
6 Oil�sump
7 Oil�return�duct
8 Exhaust�turbocharger
9 Oil�drainage�valve
10 Charge-air�intake�line
11 Hose�for�charge-air�intake�line
12 Non-return�valve
13 Pressure�control�valve
14 Throttle�valve
15 Non-return�valve
16 Duct�in�cylinder�head�and�cylinder�head�cover
Boost�Mode
Once�the�pressure�in�the�intake�manifold�rises,�it�is�no�longer�possible�for�the�blow-by�gases�to�be
introduced�via�passages�in�the�cylinder�head.�Otherwise,�this�would�create�the�risk�of�the�charging
pressure�being�introduced�into�the�crankcase.�A�non-return�valve�in�the�blow-by�duct�of�the�cylinder
head�cover�closes�the�duct�to�the�intake�plenum�and�thereby�protects�the�crankcase�against�excess
pressure.
The�now�increased�demand�for�fresh�air�generates�a�vacuum�in�the�clean�air�pipe�between�the�exhaust
turbocharger�and�the�intake�silencer.�This�vacuum�is�sufficient�to�open�the�non-return�valve�and�to
extract�the�blow-by�gases�via�the�pressure�control�valve.
21
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
S55�engine,�crankcase�ventilation,�turbocharged�mode
Index Explanation
A High�pressure
B Vacuum
C Exhaust�gas
D Oil
E Blow-by�gas
1 Air�cleaner
2 Intake�manifold
22
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
Index Explanation
3 Perforated�plates
4 Oil�return�duct
5 Crank�chamber
6 Oil�sump
7 Oil�return�duct
8 Exhaust�turbocharger
9 Oil�drainage�valve
10 Charge-air�intake�line
11 Hose�for�charge-air�intake�line
12 Non-return�valve
13 Pressure�control�valve
14 Throttle�valve
15 Non-return�valve
16 Duct�in�cylinder�head�and�cylinder�head�cover
If�there�is�a�complaint�of�high�oil�consumption�and�oil�is�found�in�the�turbocharger,�it�should�not�be
immediately�concluded�that�the�turbocharger�is�faulty.�If�oil�is�present�in�the�fresh�air�pipe�before�the
turbochargers,�then�the�entire�engine�must�be�checked�for�leaks.�The�cause�of�an�excessive�blow-
by�gas�flow�rate�may�be�faulty�gaskets�or�crankshaft�seals.�Loose�crankshaft�seals�may�generate�oil
consumption�of�up�to�3l/1000�km�(3.2qt/621miles).
23
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
4.1.4.�Engine�cover
The�engine�cover�was�modified�to�the�S55�engine.�The�engine�cover�consists�of�two�independent
components:
• the�ignition�coil�cover
• the�corrosion�protection�cover
With�this�design,�the�engine�cover�weighs�960�grams�(2.1lbs)�less�than�the�N55�engine�cover.
S55�engine,�engine�cover
Index Explanation
1 Corrosion�protection�cover
2 Ignition�coil�cover
24
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
4.1.5.�Oil�pan
The�oil�pan�of�the�S55�engine�is�made�from�magnesium�and�results�in�a�weight�savings�of
approximately�1000�grams�(2.2lbs)�in�comparison�to�the�aluminium�oil�pan�in�the�N55�engine.�An
additional�cover�in�the�oil�pan�restricts�the�oil�movements�during�longitudinal�and�lateral�acceleration.
S55�engine,�oil�pan
Index Explanation
A Oil�pan,�inner
B Oil�pan�from�the�outside
1 Additional�oil�pan�lid
2 Oil�separator
The�sealing�of�the�oil�pan�with�the�crankcase�is�done�with�a�metal�gasket�with�rubber�inserts�and
aluminium�screws.�Due�to�the�electrochemical�corrosion�between�aluminium�and�magnesium�the
same�operations�and�repair�instructions�must�be�observed�as�for�other�engines�with�these�material
combinations.
A�cover�plate�is�installed�between�the�crankcase/oil�pan�and�transmission�to�protect�against�corrosion.
Do�not�reuse�aluminium�screws.�They�must�be�replaced�after�single�use.
25
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
4.2.�Crankshaft
4.2.1.�Crankshaft�with�bearings
Crankshaft
While�maintaining�a�lightweight�construction,�the�forged�steel�crankshaft�was�adapted�to�the�high-
speed�concept�and�increased�power.�At�21.1�kg�(46.5�lbs),�the�crankshaft�of�the�S55�engine�is
approximately�1.8�kg�(4�lbs)�lighter�than�the�steel�crankshaft�of�the�N5530B0�(M235i)�engine�and�1�kg
(2.2�lbs)�heavier�than�the�cast�iron�crankshaft�of�the�N55B30M0�(standard)�engine.�The�crankshaft�is
made�from�a�steel�alloy�(42CrMoS4�Mod)�and�is�then�nitrocarburized�(hardened).�The�counterweight
arrangement�is�symmetrical,�while�the�cast�iron�N55�engine�crankshaft�counterweight�arrangement�is
asymmetrical.
There�is�no�increment�wheel�installed�on�the�crankshaft,�similar�to�the�N55�engine.�The�crankshaft
speed�is�determined�by�a�magnetic�wheel�and�crankshaft�speed�sensor,�based�on�the�hall�principle.
The�timing�chains�are�connected�by�a�M18�central�bolt.
S55�engine,�crankshaft
Index Explanation
1 Connecting�rod�bearing
2 Counterweights
3 Main�bearing
26
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
Crankshaft�main�bearing
The�crankshaft�main�bearings�were�modified,�from�the�N55�engine,�in�order�to�satisfy�the�high-
speed�concept�requirements.�The�bearings�are�lead-free.�A�three-material�(Kolbenschmidt�S703C)
electroplated�bearing�is�used�for�the�lower�bearing�shells.�For�the�upper�bearing�shells,�a�two-material
bearing�made�from�aluminium�(Kolbenschmidt�R25)�is�used.�The�thrust�bearing�is�located�at�the�fourth
bearing�position.
4.2.2.�Connecting�rod�with�bearing
The�connecting�rod�of�the�S55�engine�has�an�inside�diameter�of�144.35 mm.�Like�in�the�N20–N55
engines,�the�small�end�of�the�connecting�rod�has�a�specially�shaped�bore.�It�is�machined�wider�on�the
lower�edges.�This�design�evenly�distributes�the�force�acting�on�the�wrist�pin�over�the�entire�surface�of
the�rod�bushing�and�reduces�the�load�on�the�edges,�as�the�piston�moves�downward,�during�the�power
stroke.
S55�engine,�small�connecting�rod�end
Index Explanation
1 Bushing
2 Connecting�rod
27
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
The�following�graphic�shows�surface�load�on�a�standard�connecting�rod�without�a�shaped�bore.�Due�to
the�pressure�on�the�piston�during�combustion,�most�of�the�force�is�transferred�by�the�wrist�pin�to�the
edges�of�the�small�connecting�rod�bushing.
S55�engine,�small�connecting�rod�end�without�shaped�bore
Index Explanation
A Low�surface�load
B High�surface�load
The�graphic�below�illustrates�the�small�connecting�rod�end�with�the�shaped�bore.�The�force
is�distributed�across�a�larger�surface�area�and�the�load�on�the�edge�of�the�bushing�is�reduced
considerably.
28
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
S55�engine,�small�connecting�rod�end�with�shaped�bore
Index Explanation
A Low�surface�load
B High�surface�load
Lead-free�connecting�rod�bearing�shells,�like�in�the�N20–N55�engine,�are�used�for�the�large�connecting
rod�ends.�The�rod�side�material�G-488�is�used�and�on�the�cap�side�the�material�G-444�is�used.
The�bolts�for�the�S55,�N55�and�N54�engine�connecting�rods�are�the�same�(M9�x�47).
29
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
S55�engine,�connecting�rod�bearing
Index Explanation
1 Piston
2 Connecting�rod
3 Crankshaft
4 Connecting�rod�bearing
30
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
4.2.3.�Piston�and�piston�rings
The�piston�was�modified�in�its�styling�and�material�properties�to�the�higher�requirements�of�the�high-
speed�concept�in�the�S55�engine.
A�full�slipper�skirt�piston�manufactured�by�the�Mahle�company�is�used.�The�piston�is�made�from�an
aluminium�alloy�(AlSi12Cu4Ni2Mg).�This�alloy�is�particularly�suitable�for�high-performance�gasoline
engines.
The�piston�skirt�is�Grafal-coated.�This�is�necessary�due�to�the�LDS-coated�cylinder�liners.
The�piston�diameter�is�84 mm.�The�first�piston�ring�is�a�nitride�plain�rectangular�compression�ring.�The
second�piston�ring�is�a�taper-faced�piston�ring.�The�oil�scraper�ring�is�a�nitride�ES�oil�scraper�ring.
S55�engine,�piston�with�wrist�pin�and�piston�rings
Index Explanation
1 Plain�compression�ring
2 Taper-faced�piston�ring
3 ES�oil�scraper�ring
31
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
Wrist�pin
The�wrist�pin�was�revised�accordingly�to�the�higher�requirements�in�the�S55�engine.�The�material�and
the�strength�was�upgraded�to�satisfy�the�high-speed�concept.
A�wrist�pin�with�restricted�volume�change�and�a�22�mm�diameter�is�used.�This�wrist�pin�is�made�from�a
steel�alloy�(16MnCr5)�and�then�case-hardened.
Combustion�chamber�geometry
The�following�graphic�shows�the�arrangement�of�the�individual�components�around�the�combustion
chamber.�From�the�graphic,�one�can�see�that�the�BMW�high�precision�injection�(HPI)�is�not�used,
but�rather�a�Bosch�solenoid�valve�fuel�injector�with�a�multi-hole�nozzle.�This�fuel�injector�is�specially
adapted�to�the�combination�of�turbocharging�and�Valvetronic�III.�For�a�clearer�overview,�a�set�of�valves
has�been�removed�in�the�graphic.
S55�engine,�combustion�chamber�with�components
32
S55�Engine
4.�Engine�Mechanical
Index Explanation
1 Valve�seat,�exhaust�valve
2 Exhaust�valve
3 Spark�plug
4 Injector
5 Intake�valve
6 Valve�seat,�intake�valve
7 Piston
4.3.�Camshaft�drive
The�camshaft�drive�corresponds�to�the�camshaft�drive�of�the�N55�engine.
33
S55�Engine
5.�Valvetrain
5.1.�Design
The�following�graphic�shows�the�design�of�the�cylinder�head�on�the�S55�engine�with�Valvetronic�III�and
direct�fuel�injection.
S55�engine,�overview�of�valve�gear
Index Explanation
1 VANOS�unit,�exhaust�camshaft
2 Injector�shaft
3 Spark�plug�shaft
4 Exhaust-bearing�strip
5 Valvetronic�servomotor
6 Torsion�spring
7 Gate
34
S55�Engine
5.�Valvetrain
Index Explanation
8 Eccentric�shaft
9 Intermediate�lever
10 Roller�cam�follower
11 Valve�spring
12 Intake�camshaft
13 Oil�spray�nozzle
14 Passage�for�introduction�of�blow-by�gas
15 VANOS�unit,�intake�camshaft
5.1.1.�Camshafts
In�the�N54�engine,�cast�or�lightweight�construction�camshafts�have�been�used�simultaneously.�In�a
N54�engine�the�use�of�lightweight�construction�camshafts�and�cast�camshafts�or�a�mixed�installation�is
possible.
In�the�S55�engine,�similar�to�the�N55�engine,�only�lightweight�construction�camshafts�are�used.
The�lightweight�construction�camshafts�for�the�S55�engine�are�manufactured�by�hydroforming.
The�exhaust�camshaft�has�bearing�races�and�is�enclosed�in�a�camshaft�housing.�Oil�foaming�during
operation�is�reduced�by�the�camshaft�housing.
S55�engine,�camshaft�made�from�hydroforming
Index Explanation
A Intake�camshaft
B Exhaust�camshaft
1 Corrugated�tubing
2 Cam�in�shell�shape
35
S55�Engine
5.�Valvetrain
5.1.2.�Timing
S55�engine,�timing�diagram
N55B30M0 S55B30T0
Intake�valve�diameter [mm] 32 32
Exhaust�valve�diameter [mm] 28 28
Maximum�valve�lift,�intake/exhaust [mm] 9.9�/�9.7 9.9�/�9.7
valve
Intake�camshaft�(VANOS�adjustment [crankshaft 70 70
range) degrees]
Exhaust�camshaft�(VANOS [crankshaft 55 55
adjustment�range) degrees] 120–50
Camshaft�adjustment,�intake [crankshaft 120 - 50 120 - 50
degrees]
Camshaft�adjustment,�exhaust [crankshaft 115 - 60 115 - 60
degrees]
Opening�period [crankshaft 255 255
Intake�camshaft degrees]
Opening�period [crankshaft 261 261
Exhaust�camshaft degrees]
36
S55�Engine
5.�Valvetrain
5.1.3.�Intake�and�exhaust�valves
The�valve�stem�of�the�intake�valves�has�a�diameter�of�5�mm�and�the�exhaust�valves�have�a�diameter�of
6�mm.�The�reason�for�the�larger�diameter�is�that�the�exhaust�valve�is�hollow�and�is�filled�with�sodium,
which�improves�heat�transfer.�In�addition,�the�valve�seat�of�the�exhaust�valve�is�reinforced.
5.1.4.�Valve�springs
Due�to�the�different�shaft�diameters�between�the�intake�and�exhaust�valves,�the�valve�springs�are
different.
37
S55�Engine
5.�Valvetrain
5.2.�Valvetronic
5.2.1.�VANOS
Overview
The�VANOS�of�the�S55�engine�corresponds�in�its�design�and�function�to�that�of�the�N55�engine.�In
the�N55�engine�the�VANOS�was�optimized�in�comparison�to�the�N54�engine.�This�optimization�now
provides�for�even�faster�VANOS�unit�adjustment�speeds.�The�modification�has�also�further�reduced�the
system's�susceptibility�to�fouling.
S55�engine,�VANOS�with�oil�supply
38
S55�Engine
5.�Valvetrain
Index Explanation
1 Main�oil�duct
2 VANOS�solenoid�valve,�intake�side
3 VANOS�solenoid�valve,�exhaust�side
4 Chain�tensioner
5 VANOS�unit,�exhaust�side
6 VANOS�unit,�intake�side
The�camshaft�sensor�wheels�are�now�pure�sheet�metal�“deep-drawn”�parts�and�are�no�longer�made
from�two�parts.�This�measure�increases�the�manufacturing�accuracy�and�reduces�the�manufacturing
costs.
S55�engine,�camshaft�sensor�wheel
Index Explanation
A General�view�of�rear�side
B General�view�of�front
VANOS�solenoid�valves
The�VANOS�solenoid�valves�used�in�the�N55�engine�are�identical�to�those�in�the�S55�engine.�Three
strainers�at�each�VANOS�solenoid�valve�ensure�trouble-free�functioning�and�reliably�prevent�the
VANOS�solenoid�valves�from�jamming�due�to�dirt�particles.
39
S55�Engine
5.�Valvetrain
5.2.2.�Valve�lift�control
Overview
As�can�be�seen�from�the�following�graphic,�the�installation�location�of�the�servomotor�has�not�changed
in�comparison�to�the�N55�engine.�Another�special�feature�is�that�the�eccentric�shaft�sensor�no�longer
sits�at�the�eccentric�shaft,�but�has�been�integrated�in�the�servomotor.
Due�to�the�higher�engine�speeds�of�up�to�7,600�rpm,�the�work�curve�of�the�eccentric�shaft�has�been
modified.
S55�engine,�valve�lift�control
Index Explanation
1 Valvetronic�servomotor
2 Oil�spray�nozzle
3 Eccentric�shaft
4 Minimum�limit�position
5 Maximum�limit�position
40
S55�Engine
5.�Valvetrain
Valvetronic�III�is�used.�The�differences�between�Valvetronic�III�and�Valvetronic�II�are�in�the�arrangement
of�the�Valvetronic�servomotor�and�the�Valvetronic�sensor.�As�in�Valvetronic�II,�the�turbulence�level�is
increased�at�the�end�of�the�compression�cycle�for�the�purpose�of�optimizing�the�mixture�formation
with�the�use�of�phasing�and�masking�measures.�This�movement�of�the�cylinder�charge�improves�the
combustion�during�partial�load�operation�and�in�catalytic�converter�heating�mode.�The�quench�areas
also�contribute�to�the�mixture�formation.
Phasing
Phasing�results�in�a�lift�difference�between�both�intake�valves�of�up�to�1.8�mm�in�the�lower�partial�load
range.�The�fresh�air�drawn�in�is�thus�distributed�unequally.
Masking
Masking�refers�to�the�styling�of�the�valve�seat�area.�This�styling�ensures�that�the�incoming�fresh�air�is
aligned�so�that�the�desired�cylinder�charging�movement�is�achieved.�The�advantage�of�these�measures
is�that�the�combustion�delay�(retardation)�is�reduced�by�approximately�10°�of�crankshaft�rotation.�The
combustion�process�is�quicker�and�a�larger�valve�overlap�can�be�achieved.�The�NOx�emissions�can
thus�be�reduced�significantly.
41
S55�Engine
5.�Valvetrain
S55�engine,�combustion�chamber�roof
Index Explanation
1 Crushing�area
2 Exhaust�valve
3 Spark�plug
4 Injector
5 Intake�valve
6 Masking
7 Crushing�area
The�following�graphic�shows�the�effect�of�the�previously�described�measures.�An�improved�and
quicker�combustion�process�is�enabled�with�these�measures,�in�the�red�area.�Technically,�this�is�known
as�"turbulent�kinetic�energy".
42
S55�Engine
5.�Valvetrain
Influence�of�phasing�and�masking�on�the�flow�in�the�combustion�chamber
Index Explanation
A Valvetronic�I
B Valvetronic�II�+�III�with�advance�and�masking
TKE Turbulent�kinetic�energy
Engine�response�characteristics�can�be�improved�with�the�combination�of�Valvetronic�III,�direct�fuel
injection�and�turbocharging.�The�response�characteristics�up�to�the�naturally�aspirated�engine�full
load�are�shortened,�as�with�the�naturally�aspirated�engine�with�Valvetronic,�as�the�filling�procedure�of
the�intake�manifold�is�deleted.�The�subsequent�torque�build-up�as�the�turbocharger�starts�up�can�be
accelerated�at�low�engine�speeds�with�a�partial�lift�adjustment.�The�flushing�of�the�residual�gas�leads�to
a�quicker�build-up�of�the�torque.
43
S55�Engine
5.�Valvetrain
Valvetronic
A�brushless�direct�current�motor�is�used,�as�in�the�N55�engine.�The�Valvetronic�servomotor�has�the
following�special�features:
• Open�concept�(engine�oil�is�supplied�directly�to�the�motor)
• The�eccentric�shaft�angle�is�determined�by�angle�increments�from�the�integrated�sensor
system
• Power�consumption�reduced�by�approximately�50%
• Higher�actuating�dynamics�(e.g.�cylinder-specific�adjustment,�idle�speed�control,�etc.)
• Lightweight�design�–�approximately�600�grams
The�third�generation�of�the�Valvetronic�servomotor�also�includes�the�sensor�for�identifying�the
position�of�the�eccentric�shaft.�Another�special�feature�is�that�engine�oil�flows�through�and�around�the
Valvetronic�servomotor.�An�oil�spray�nozzle�ensures�that�the�worm�gear�is�lubricated�for�the�eccentric
shaft�connection.
S55�engine,�structure�of�Valvetronic
44
S55�Engine
5.�Valvetrain
Index Explanation
1 Oil�spray�nozzle
2 Eccentric�shaft
3 Torsion�spring
4 Gate
5 Intake�camshaft
6 Intermediate�lever
7 Roller�cam�follower
8 Hydraulic�valve�adjuster
9 Valve�spring
10 Intake�valve
11 Valvetronic�servomotor
12 Exhaust�valve
13 Valve�spring
14 Hydraulic�valve�adjuster
15 Roller�cam�follower
16 Exhaust�camshaft
17 Sealing�cup
18 Socket
45
S55�Engine
6.�Belt�Drive�&�Auxiliary�Components
6.1.�Belt�drive
The�belt�drive�had�to�be�modified�due�to�the�use�of�a�mechanical�coolant�pump�and�deletion�of�the
hydraulic�power�steering�pump.�An�additional�tensioning�pulley�is�used�between�the�vibration�damper
and�the�air�conditioning�compressor,�which�compensates�for�the�deletion�of�the�hydraulic�power
steering�pump.�The�additional�tensioning�pulley�suppresses�possible�oscillations�of�the�drive�belt
between�the�vibration�damper�and�air�conditioning�compressor.
S55�engine,�belt�drive
Index Explanation
1 Mechanical�belt�tensioner
2 Belt�pulley,�alternator
3 Belt�pulley,�A/C�compressor
4 Drive�belt
5 Deflecting�element
6 Additional�tensioning�pulley
7 Vibration�damper�with�double�belt�pulley
8 Drive�belt
9 Coolant�pump�belt�pulley
The�diameter�of�the�belt�pulley�for�the�alternator�was�increased�in�comparison�to�the�one�on�the�N55
engine.�This�was�necessary�as�the�alternator�would�generate�excessive�speeds�due�to�the�higher
engine�speeds�of�the�S55�engine.�With�the�addition�of�a�mechanical�coolant�pump,�a�pulley�and�drive
belt�are�added�to�the�drive�belt�system,�unlike�the�N55�which�only�has�one�drive�belt.
46
S55�Engine
6.�Belt�Drive�&�Auxiliary�Components
6.1.1.�Vibration�damper
The�S55�engine�uses�a�single-mass�vibration�damper.�The�belt�pulley�for�the�auxiliary�components�sits
behind�the�damper.�The�drive�pulley�for�the�coolant�pump�sits�on�the�front�side�of�the�vibration�damper.
S55�engine,�vibration�damper
Index Explanation
1 Coolant�pump�belt�pulley
2 Vibration�damper
3 Belt�pulley,�auxiliary�components
47
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
7.1.�Oil�circuit
7.1.1.�Oil�passages
The�following�graphic�provides�an�overview�of�the�oil�circuit�of�the�S55�engine.
S55�engine,�oil�passages�(rear�view)
Index Explanation
1 Oil�filter
2 Main�oil�passage�(filtered�oil)
3 VANOS�unit,�intake�side
4 VANOS�solenoid�valve,�intake�side
5 VANOS�unit,�exhaust�side
48
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
Index Explanation
6 Oil�passage�for�the�intake�camshaft�lubrication
and�eccentric�shaft�lubrication
7 Oil�passage�for�the�exhaust�camshaft�lubrication
8 Hydraulic�valve�clearance�compensation
9 VANOS�solenoid�valve,�exhaust�side
10 Chain�tensioner
11 Oil�pressure�control�valve
12 Exhaust�turbocharger
13 Connection�for�the�oil�spray�nozzles�and�connection
for�the�exhaust�turbocharger�lubrication
14 Crankshaft�bearings
15 Intake�pipe
16 Suction�pump
17 Oil�pump
18 Oil�passage�for�the�oil-pressure�control
19 Oil�passage�for�the�vacuum�pump�lubrication
20 Oil�passage�for�the�oil-pressure�control
21 Vacuum�pump
22 Unfiltered�oil�passage
49
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
S55�engine,�oil�passages�(front�view)
Index Explanation
1 Oil�filter
2 Main�oil�passage�(clean�oil)
3 VANOS�unit,�intake�side
4 VANOS�solenoid�valve,�intake�side
5 VANOS�unit,�exhaust�side
6 Oil�passage�for�the�intake�camshaft�lubrication
and�eccentric�shaft�lubrication
8 Hydraulic�valve�clearance�compensation
9 VANOS�solenoid�valve,�exhaust�side
10 Chain�tensioner
11 Oil�pressure�control�valve
12 Exhaust�turbocharger
50
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
Index Explanation
13 Connection�for�the�oil�spray�nozzles�and�connection
for�the�exhaust�turbocharger�lubrication
14 Crankshaft�bearings
15 Intake�pipe
16 Suction�pump
17 Oil�pump
18 Oil�passage�for�the�oil-pressure�control
19 Oil�passage�for�the�vacuum�pump�lubrication
20 Oil�passage�for�the�oil-pressure�control
21 Vacuum�pump
22 Raw�oil�passage
51
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
7.1.2.�Oil�return
The�following�graphic�shows�the�integrated�oil�deflector.�The�following�components�have�been
combined:
• Oil�deflector�(5)
• Intake�snorkel�(3)
The�integrated�oil�deflector�gives�rise�to�the�largest�possible�cavity�sealing�between�the�oil�pan�and
crankshaft�drive.�Additional�oil�scraper�edges�are�fitted�at�the�bedplate�which�direct�oil�spray�from�the
crankshaft.
The�oil�flowing�back�from�the�cylinder�head�is�directed�under�the�oil�deflector.�This�way,�even�at�high
lateral�acceleration,�no�returning�oil�can�reach�the�crankshaft�and�cause�churning�losses.
S55�engine,�bedplate�with�oil�pump,�suction�pump�and�oil�deflector
Index Explanation
1 Oil�pump
2 Bedplate
3 Intake�pipe�with�oil�strainer
4 Oil�return�passages,�intake�side
5 Oil�deflector
6 Oil�return�passages,�exhaust�side
52
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
S55�engine,�oil�return�passages
Index Explanation
1 Engine�oil�return,�exhaust�side
2 Cooling�passage
3 Engine�oil�return,�intake�side
53
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
7.1.3.�Oil�pump�and�pressure�control
Passages�were�integrated�for�the�oil�supply�of�the�vacuum�pump,�it�is�lubricated�by�filtered�oil�like�in�the
N55�engine.�Also,�the�oil�pressure�control�valve�was�retained�for�the�map-controlled�oil�pump,�like�the
N55�engine.
S55�engine,�oil-pressure�control
Index Explanation
1 Oil�pressure�control�valve
2 Oil�pump
A�modified�version�of�the�pendulum�slide�oil�pump,�known�from�the�N55�engine,�is�used.�The�flow
cross-sections�within�the�oil�pump�have�been�optimized�in�the�S55�engine�for�less�loss;�as�a�result,�the
delivery�rate�of�the�pump�has�improved�by�18%.�The�shaft�of�the�oil�pump�has�an�additional�hexagon
socket�for�the�drive�of�the�suction�pump.�The�function�of�the�oil�pump�can�be�found�in�the�Technical
Reference�Manual�"ST1209�N63TU�Engine".�The�function�of�the�pressure�regulation�is�described�in
the�Training�Reference�Manual�"ST916�N55�Engine".
54
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
S55�engine,�oil�pump
Index Explanation
1 Control�oil�chamber
2 Pressure-limiting�valve
3 Rotor
4 Vane
5 Pendulum�slide
6 Inner�rotor
7 Housing
8 Bore�hole�for�pressure�control�valve
9 Damping�oil�chamber
10 Compression�spring�(2x)
11 Rotational�axis
The�structure�of�the�oil�pump�was�revised�in�order�to�guarantee�the�function�and�durability�of�the
pendulum�slide�made�from�thermosetting�plastics.
7.1.4.�Suction�pump
In�order�to�adapt�the�oil�supply�to�motor�racing�requirements,�a�second�oil�pump�was�installed�as�a
backup.�The�second�oil�pump,�also�called�a�suction�pump,�supports�the�return�flow�of�oil�from�the
exhaust�turbochargers�and�the�front�areas�of�the�oil�pan�back�to�the�rear�of�the�oil�pan.
55
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
S55�engine,�oil�pump�connected�to�suction�pump
Index Explanation
A Oil�pump�unit�with�oil�deflector�and�intake�snorkel�from�below
B Oil�pump�unit�without�oil�deflector�and�intake�snorkel�from�above
1 Oil�pump
2 Link
3 Intake�pipe,�left,�oil�sump,�front
4 Suction�pump
5 Return�flow
6 Oil�deflector�with�intake�pipe
7 Intake�pipe,�exhaust�turbocharger,�cylinders�4–6
8 Twin-flow�intake�pipe,�oil�sump,�front�right�and�exhaust�turbocharger,
cylinders�1–3
56
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
With�these�changes�the�oil�supply�can�be�guaranteed�up�to�a�longitudinal�acceleration�of�0.61�g�and
down�to�-1.2�g�in�the�case�of�deceleration.�Also�with�lateral�acceleration,�for�example�during�cornering,
this�oil�supply�system�enables�a�secure�oil�supply�up�to�a�constant�1.2�g.
S55�engine,�engine�oil�level
Index Explanation
A Negative�longitudinal�acceleration�(braking)
B Lateral�acceleration�(dynamic�cornering)
1 Engine�oil�level�during�braking�and�cornering
2 Oil�pan
With�the�intake�pipes�(2,4,8),�the�suction�pump�draws�oil�from�the�front�of�the�oil�pan�during
longitudinal�acceleration�and�from�the�sides�of�the�oil�pan�during�lateral�acceleration.�The�oil�drawn�in
is�delivered�by�the�return�flow�(6)�back�to�the�rear�part�of�the�oil�pan.�There�the�oil�pump�can�re-absorb
the�oil�via�the�oil�deflector�with�intake�pipe�(7)�and�deliver�it�to�the�engine�lubrication�points.
The�bearings�of�the�exhaust�turbochargers�may�collect�engine�oil�due�to�the�centrifugal�force�during
lateral�acceleration�conditions.�This�prevents�a�normal�backflow�to�the�oil�pan�and�thus�a�supply�of
fresh�cool�engine�oil�to�the�bearings.
To�counteract�this�effect,�the�bearings�of�the�exhaust�turbochargers�have�engine�oil�continuously
drawn�in�by�the�suction�pump�and�delivered�to�the�oil�pan.
57
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
S55,�oil�suction,�exhaust�turbocharger
Index Explanation
1 Oil�pump
2 Intake�pipe,�left,�oil�sump,�front
3 Link
4 Twin-flow�intake�pipe,�oil�sump,�front�right�and�exhaust�turbocharger,
cylinders�1–3
5 Suction�pump
6 Return�flow
7 Oil�deflector�with�intake�pipe
8 Intake�pipe,�exhaust�turbocharger,�cylinders�4–6
9 Oil�return�lines,�exhaust�turbocharger
The�suction�pump�is�a�twin-flow�gear�pump.�The�outer�chambers�of�the�gear�pump�serve�as�suction
chambers.�At�the�suction�chambers�the�intake�pipes�are�connected�which�consist�of�the�oil�return�lines
from�the�exhaust�turbochargers�and�the�intake�pipes�at�the�front�oil�pan.
The�inner�chamber�is�a�pressure�chamber.�The�pressure�chamber�delivers�the�engine�oil�back�to�the
rear�of�the�oil�pan�via�the�return�flow.�Engine�oil�in�the�rear�of�the�oil�pan�is�thus�available�again�to�the�oil
pump�via�the�intake�pipe.
58
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
S55�engine,�suction�pump
Index Explanation
A Suction�pump,�rear�part
B Suction�pump,�front�part
1 Intake�pipe,�exhaust�turbocharger,�cylinders�4–6
2 Gear�pump
3 Return�flow
4 Intake�pipe,�left,�oil�sump,�front
5 Twin-flow�intake�pipe,�oil�sump,�front�right�and�exhaust�turbocharger,
cylinders�1–3
59
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
7.1.5.�Oil�filter�and�engine�oil�cooling
The�oil�filter�housing�is�made�from�aluminium.�For�the�engine�oil�cooling�an�upstream�engine�oil�cooler
is�used�which�is�installed�in�a�horizontal�position�in�front�of�the�radiator�package.�Depending�on�the
engine�oil�temperature,�a�thermostat�at�the�oil�filter�housing�enables�the�oil�flow�to�the�engine�oil�cooler.
Due�to�the�higher�engine�performance,�a�large�heat�quantity�must�be�dissipated�by�the�engine�oil
cooler.�The�opening�range�of�the�thermostat�is�therefore�earlier�than�in�the�N55�engine.
S55,�engine�oil�cooling
Index Explanation
1 Engine�oil�cooler
2 Engine�oil�pipe,�return
3 Engine�oil�pipe,�supply
4 Thermostat
5 Oil�filter
60
S55�Engine
7.�Oil�Supply
7.1.6.�Oil�spray�nozzles
The�S55�engine�has�oil�spray�nozzles�for�the�piston�crown�cooling.�They�are�common�parts�to�the�N55
engine.�A�special�tool�is�required�for�the�positioning�of�the�oil�spray�nozzles.
7.1.7.�Engine�oil�pressure�monitoring
Oil�pressure
Since�the�S55�engine�has�a�electronic�volume�controlled�oil�pump,�it�is�necessary�to�record�the�oil
pressure�precisely.�This�is�why�a�new�sensor�(Puls2)�is�used.
The�advantages�of�the�new�sensor�are:
• Measurement�of�the�absolute�pressure�(previous�sensor�measured�relative�pressure)
• Characteristic�map�control�possible�at�every�engine�speed.
Oil�level
The�familiar�oil-level�sensor�is�used�for�the�oil�level�measurement.
61
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
8.1.�Air�intake�system
8.1.1.�Overview
For�the�S55�engine,�the�air�intake�system�had�to�be�completely�revamped.�The�following�are�the
components�that�were�revamped:
• Air�intake�duct�up�to�the�intake�silencer
• Clean�air�duct,�due�to�new�exhaust�turbochargers,�completely�new
• Crankcase�venting�components
• Indirect�charge�air�cooling
• Recirculation�air�system�deleted
• Tank�ventilation�system�adapted
As�can�be�seen�from�the�graphic,�the�structure�of�the�intake�air�system�is�more�comprehensive,�as�two
exhaust�turbochargers�are�installed�and�indirect�charge�air�cooling�is�used.
S55�engine,�intake�air�system
62
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
Index Explanation
1 Hot�film�air�mass�meter,�cylinders�4–6
2 Charge�air�pipe,�cylinders�1–3
3 Charge�air�pipe,�cylinders�4–6
4 Intake�plenum
5 Indirect�charge�air�cooler
6 Throttle�valve
7 Charge�air�pipe
8 Charge�air�pressure-temperature�sensor
9 Lid,�intake�silencer,�cylinders�1–3
10 Intake�silencer,�cylinders�1–3
11 Unfiltered�air�line,�cylinders�1–3
12 Intake�snorkel,�cylinders�1–3
13 Hot�film�air�mass�meter,�cylinders�1–3
14 Connection,�crankcase�ventilation
15 Exhaust�turbocharger,�cylinders�4–6
16 Exhaust�turbocharger,�cylinders�1–3
17 Intake�snorkel,�cylinders�4–6
18 Unfiltered�air�line,�cylinders�4-6
19 Intake�silencer,�cylinders�4–6
20 Lid,�intake�silencer,�cylinders�4-6
63
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
S55�engine,�intake�air�system�from�above
Index Explanation
A Fresh�air
B Clean�air
C Heated�charge�air
D Cooled�charge�air
1 Intake�snorkel,�cylinders�4–6
2 Unfiltered�air�line,�cylinders�4-6
3 Intake�silencer,�cylinders�4–6
4 Lid,�intake�silencer,�cylinders�4-6
5 Hot�film�air�mass�meter,�cylinders�4–6
6 Charge�air�pipe,�cylinders�1–3
7 Charge�air�pipe,�cylinders�4–6
8 Indirect�charge�air�cooler
64
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
Index Explanation
9 Charge�air�pressure-temperature�sensor
10 Intake�snorkel,�cylinders�1–3
11 Unfiltered�air�line,�cylinders�1–3
12 Intake�silencer,�cylinders�1–3
13 Lid,�intake�silencer,�cylinders�1–3
14 Hot�film�air�mass�meter,�cylinders�1–3
15 Connection,�crankcase�ventilation
16 Intake�plenum
17 Exhaust�turbocharger,�cylinders�4–6
18 Exhaust�turbocharger,�cylinders�1–3
A�blow-off�valve�is�no�longer�required�due�to�the�modified�engine�control.
Similar�to�the�S63�top�(S63TU)�engine,�the�undesired�spikes�in�charging�pressure,�which�may�arise
in�the�event�of�quick�throttle�valve�closure,�are�reduced�.�The�electrical�wastegate�valves�also�play�an
important�role�in�terms�of�the�engine�acoustics�and�contribute�to�the�component�protection�of�the
turbochargers.
65
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
8.1.2.�Intake�manifold
The�engine�control�unit�is�mounted�to�the�intake�manifold.�Intake�air�is�used�to�cool�the�engine�control
unit.
With�this�arrangement,�the�engine�comes�down�the�production�line�completely�assembled�with�the
control�unit,�sensors,�and�actuators�already�connected.
S55�engine,�intake�air�system�with�DME�control�unit
Index Explanation
1 Connecting�flange�for�cooling�the�engine�control�unit
2 Connecting�flange�for�the�throttle�valve
3 Intake�manifold
4 Engine�control�unit
5 Cooling�fins
66
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
8.1.3.�Tank�ventilation�system
The�S55�engine�has�a�tank�ventilation�system�that�is�similar�to�that�of�the�N55�engine.�Fuel�vapors�are
stored�in�the�charcoal�canister�and�then�fed�via�the�tank�vent�valve�to�the�combustion�process.
S55�engine,�tank�ventilation�system
Index Explanation
1 Connection�after�throttle�valve
2 Tank�vent�valve
3 Connection�before�throttle�valve
4 Connection�to�the�tank�ventilation�line�from�the�carbon�canister
5 Connection�before�turbocharger
67
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
8.2.�Exhaust�emission�system
8.2.1.�Overview
The�S55�engine�has�a�different�exhaust�system�structure�than�in�the�N55�engine.�It�uses�two�mono-
scroll�turbochargers�instead�of�the�single�twin-scroll�turbocharger�of�the�N55.�The�exhaust�system�is
a�twin-pipe�system�in�relation�to�the�cylinder�banks�1�and�2.�In�addition�to�the�two�catalytic�converters
(3/5)�located�close�to�the�engine,�two�underbody�catalytic�converters�(7/8)�with�a�twin-pipe�center
silencer�(9)�and�a�rear�silencer�(10)�are�also�installed.
The�exhaust�system�was�designed�for�minimum�exhaust�back�pressure.�The�gas�exchange�efficiency
was�further�optimized�by�sport�tuning�and�intelligent�lightweight�construction.�The�weight�was�able�to
be�reduced�through�selective�wall�thickness�reduction.
S55�engine,�exhaust�system
Index Explanation
1 Exhaust�manifold,�cylinders�1–3
2 Exhaust�manifold,�cylinders�4–6
3 Catalytic�converter,�cylinders�4–6
4 Exhaust�turbocharger,�cylinders�4–6
5 Catalytic�converter,�cylinders�1–3
6 Exhaust�turbocharger,�cylinders�1–3
7 Underbody�catalytic�converters,�cylinders�4–6
68
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
Index Explanation
8 Underbody�catalytic�converters,�cylinders�1-3
9 Center�silencer
10 Rear�silencer
11 Exhaust�tailpipes
The�rear�silencer�has�the�typical�M�chrome-plated�4�exhaust�tailpipes.
The�pneumatic�exhaust�flaps�were�replaced,�in�the�S55�engine,�with�electrical�exhaust�flaps.�This
simplifies�the�vacuum�system�and�the�vacuum�reservoir�in�the�cylinder�head�cover�could�therefore�be
deleted.�The�electrical�exhaust�flaps�are�activated�directly�by�the�DME�by�a�pulse-width�modulated
signal.
S55,�electrical�exhaust�flaps
Index Explanation
1 Bypass�pipe,�left
2 Bypass�pipe,�right
3 Electrical�exhaust�flap�actuator�(EAKS),�right
4 Rear�silencer
5 Twin�tailpipe
6 Electrical�exhaust�flap�actuator�(EAKS),�left
69
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
The�exhaust�flap�can�be�opened�by�a�pulse-width�modulated�(PWM)�signal�of�10%�and�closed�with�a
signal�of�90%�.�The�end�positions�are�the�mechanical�limit�positions�of�the�exhaust�flap.�Intermediate
settings�are�not�intended.�The�exhaust�flap�can�be�moved�to�the�service�position�for�installation�by�a
PWM�signal�of�50%.�To�guarantee�the�desired�position,�in�the�case�of�extended�non-operation�of�the
electrical�exhaust�flap�actuator,�every�320�s�(+/-10%)�a�current�is�applied,�which�works�in�the�direction
of�the�limit�position�(duration�of�current�feed:�50�ms�+/-�5�ms).
Functional�input�variables�for�the�calculation�of�the�exhaust�flap�setting�are:
• Vehicle�speed
• Accelerator�pedal�angle
• Engine�temperature
• Transmission�version
• Gear�mode
There�is�always�a�flow�through�the�two�tailpipe�pairs�by�the�bypass�pipe�(1+2)�regardless�of�the�flap
position.�Therefore,�no�varying�blackening�of�the�two�tailpipe�pairs�occurs,�which�is�typical�of�vehicles
with�exhaust�flaps.�Furthermore,�the�exhaust�flaps�are�not�visible�at�the�tailpipes.
Together�with�the�Active�Sound�Design�(ASD)�and�the�electrical�exhaust�flaps,�an�optimal�sound
setting�can�be�generated�in�every�operating�condition�of�the�S55�engine,�in�the�new�M3/M4�Coupé.
This�results�in�a�dominant,�recognizable�sound�typical�of�BMW�M�vehicles.�The�character�of�the�sound
can�vary�depending�on�what�mode�the�driver�selects�via�the�engine�dynamics�button.�The�three�modes
of�the�engine�dynamics�are�Normal,�Sport,�and�Sport+.
8.2.2.�Exhaust�manifold
The�exhaust�manifold�is�made�from�high-alloyed�cast�steel.�One�exhaust�manifold�is�used�for�each
bank,�similar�to�the�N54�engine.�The�condensing�of�the�three�exhaust�ducts�into�a�single�exhaust�duct
results�in�an�optimal�flow�to�the�turbine�of�the�turbocharger.�The�exhaust�manifold�and�turbine�housing
of�the�turbocharger�are�cast�together,�forming�one�component/unit.
S55�engine,�connection�of�exhaust�turbochargers�at�the�engine�housing
70
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
Index Explanation
1 Exhaust�manifold,�cylinders�4–6
2 Connection�for�the�charge�air�cooler,�cylinders�4–6
3 Exhaust�manifold,�cylinders�1–3
4 Connection�for�the�charge�air�cooler,�cylinders�1-3
5 Electrical�wastegate�valve�actuator,�cylinders�1–3
6 Oil�return
7 Coolant�connections
8 Wastegate�valve,�control�rod,�cylinders�1–3
9 Connection�for�the�exhaust�system
10 Electrical�wastegate�valve�actuator,�cylinders�4-6
11 Oil�return
12 Coolant�connections
13 Wastegate�valve,�control�rod,�cylinders�4-6
14 Connection�for�the�exhaust�system
71
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
8.2.3.�Lightweight�construction�of�heat�shields�for�exhaust�manifold
New�weight-optimized�heat�shields�are�used�in�order�to�guarantee�heat�insulation,�of�the�new�cast
steel�manifold,�and�to�support�the�intelligent�lightweight�construction�concept�of�the�S55�engine.
S55,�lightweight�construction�heat�shields
Index Explanation
1 Heat�shield,�exhaust�turbocharger,�cylinders�4–6
2 Heat�shield,�support
3 Heat�shield,�exhaust�turbocharger,�cylinders�1–3
4 Heat�shield,�engine�oil�pipe
The�heat�shields�are�made�from�aluminum�(AlMg3).�A�weight�savings�of�1,450�grams�(3.2lbs)�is
achieved�compared�to�the�same�heat�shields�made�from�sheet�steel,�which�is�used�on�standard
engines.
72
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
8.2.4.�Exhaust�turbocharger
The�S55�engine�has�two�mono-scroll�exhaust�turbochargers,�like�the�N54�engine.�Even�though�there
are�two�turbocharger�units,�this�design�still�contributes�to�the�intelligent�lightweight�construction�of�the
S55�engine.�The�two�mono-scroll�turbocharger�units�combined�weigh�14.2�kg�(31.3�lbs),�almost�the
same�as�the�twin-scroll�turbocharger�unit�in�the�N55�engine�which�is�14.1�kg�(31.1�lbs).
S55�engine,�mono-scroll�turbocharger�unit,�front�view�(bank�1/cyl�1–3)
Index Explanation
1 Exhaust�ports�bank�1(cylinders�1–3)
2 Output�for�charge�air�cooler
3 Electrical�wastegate�valve�actuator
4 Input,�clean�air
5 Oil�return
6 Coolant�connections
7 Wastegate�valve�control�rod
8 Connection�for�the�exhaust�system
73
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
S55�engine,�mono-scroll�turbocharger�unit,�rear�view�(bank�1/cyl�1–3)
Index Explanation
1 Electrical�wastegate�valve�actuator
2 Output�for�charge�air�cooler
3 Exhaust�ports�bank�1�(cylinders�1–3)
4 Connection�for�the�exhaust�system
5 Oil�supply
6 Input,�clean�air
Electrical�wastegate�valve
The�S55�engine�is�equipped�with�electrical�wastegate�valves,�unlike�the�N54�which�has�the�pneumatic
design.�The�function�of�the�electrical�wastegate�valves�in�the�S55�engine�is�the�same�as�in�other�BMW
engines�equipped�with�these�valves.�One�important�function�is�to�satisfy�ULEV2�emission�standards.
The�main�advantages�of�the�electrical�wastegate�valve�compared�to�the�pneumatic�wastegate�valve
are:
• High�adjustment�speed
• Precise�boost�pressure�control
• High�closing�force,�thus�less�leakage�and�quicker�build-up�of�boost�pressure
• Complete�opening�of�the�wastegate�valve�possible�(This�supports�quick�heating�of�catalytic
converter�upon�cold�start)
• Lower�exhaust�emissions
• Fuel�economy
The�electrical�wastegate�valve�is�activated�directly�via�the�DME�by�a�pulse-width�modulated�signal.
74
S55�Engine
8.�Air�Intake�&�Exhaust�Emission�Systems
8.2.5.�Catalytic�converter
The�S55�engine�has�two�catalytic�converters�per�bank.�One�main�catalytic�converter�is�installed�close
to�the�engine�of�each�bank.�The�secondary�catalytic�converter�is�located�in�the�underbody�area�after
the�transmission.
S55�engine,�catalytic�converters
Index Explanation
1 Oxygen�sensor�before�the�main�catalytic�converter,�cylinders�1–3
2 Main�catalytic�converter,�cylinders�1–3
3 Oxygen�sensor�after�the�main�catalytic�converter,�cylinders�1–3
4 Oxygen�sensor�before�the�main�catalytic�converter,�cylinders�4–6
5 Main�catalytic�converter,�cylinders�4-6
6 Oxygen�sensor�after�the�main�catalytic�converter,�cylinders�4-6
7 Secondary�catalytic�converter,�cylinders�4–6
8 Secondary�catalytic�converter,�cylinders�1-3
75
S55�Engine
9.�Vacuum�System
9.1.�Design
The�S55�engine�is�equipped�with�a�vacuum�pump�for�generating�the�vacuum�required�by�the�brake
booster.
S55�engine,�vacuum�system
Index Explanation
1 Vacuum�pump
2 Non-return�valve
3 Non-return�valve
4 Brake�booster
76
S55�Engine
9.�Vacuum�System
9.1.1.�Vacuum�pump
The�vacuum�pump�is�similar�to�the�one�used�in�the�N55�engine.�However,�unlike�the�vacuum�pump
in�the�N55�engine,�it�is�designed�as�a�single-stage�pump�and�only�has�one�connection.�The�one
connection�is�for�the�brake�booster.
S55�engine,�vacuum�pump
Index Explanation
1 Connection�opening�for�the�brake�booster
2 Non-return�valve�for�the�brake�booster
3 Housing�of�the�vacuum�pump
4 Vane
A�vacuum�reservoir�was�deleted�as�all�pneumatic�functions�which�were�supplied�via�vacuum�on�the
N55�engine�have�been�electrified�on�the�S55�engine.�For�example,�the�wastegate�valves�and�exhaust
flaps�are�now�electrical�on�the�S55�engine.
77
S55�Engine
10.�Fuel�System
10.1.�Overview
The�S55�engine�uses�the�high-pressure�fuel�injection�system�(HDE),�similar�to�the�N55�engine.�Instead
of�the�high�precision�injectors�(HPI)�known�from�the�N54�and�N63�engines,�solenoid�valve�fuel�injectors
with�multi-hole�nozzles�are�used�in�the�S55�engine.
The�following�overview�shows�the�entire�fuel�injection�system.�The�fuel�preparation�of�the�S55
engine�is�closely�related�to�the�fuel�preparation�of�the�N55�engine.�In�the�S55�engine,�a�new�double-
piston�high�pressure�fuel�pump�is�used,�whereas�the�N55�engine�has�a�single-piston�high�pressure
pump.�This�is�necessary�in�order�to�provide�for�the�higher�fuel�demand�needed�with�the�increased
performance�and�engine�speeds�of�the�S55�engine.�The�high�pressure�fuel�injection�valves�meet�the
exhaust�emission�standards�ULEV2.�The�S55�uses�high�pressure�fuel�injection�valves�from�Bosch�with
the�designation�HDEV5.2,�which�also�support�the�Controlled�Valve�Operation�(CVO)�function.
S55�engine,�high-pressure�fuel�injection�system
Index Explanation
1 High�pressure�line,�high�pressure�pump�2
2 High�pressure�line,�high�pressure�pump�1
3 High�pressure�line�for�injectors
4 Solenoid�valve�fuel�injector
5 Rail�pressure�sensor
6 Rail
7 Fuel�feed�line
78
S55�Engine
10.�Fuel�System
Index Explanation
8 Quantity�control�valve,�high�pressure�pump�2
9 Fuel�pressure�sensor
10 High�pressure�pump�element�2
11 Position�sensor
12 Vacuum�pump
13 High�pressure�pump�element�1
10.1.1.�Low�pressure�fuel�sensor
The�fuel�is�supplied�to�the�high�pressure�fuel�pumps�by�the�in�tank�electric�fuel�pump�through�a�feed
line�at�a�primary�pressure�of�5�bar.�The�primary�pressure�is�monitored�via�the�low�pressure�fuel�sensor.
This�low�pressure�fuel�sensor�is�known�from�the�N55,�N54,�and�N63�engines.
In�the�event�of�a�failed�low�pressure�fuel�sensor,�the�electric�fuel�pump�continues�to�operate�at�100%
delivery�rate�with�terminal�15�ON.
S55�engine,�high�pressure�pump�assembly
Index Explanation
1 Vacuum�pump
2 Non-return�valve,�brake�servo
3 Connection�for�high�pressure�line,�high�pressure�pump�1
4 Quantity�control�valve,�high�pressure�pump�1
5 Connection�for�high�pressure�line,�high�pressure�pump�2
79
S55�Engine
10.�Fuel�System
Index Explanation
6 Fuel�delivery�line
7 Quantity�control�valve,�high�pressure�pump�2
8 Low�pressure�fuel�sensor
9 Position�sensor
10.1.2.�High�pressure�fuel�pumps
The�high�pressure�fuel�pumps,�known�from�the�N20�and�N63�engines,�are�bolted�into�the�vacuum
pump�housing.�The�vacuum�pump�drive�shaft�runs�the�entire�length�of�the�vacuum�pump�housing�and
acts�as�a�camshaft�with�two�three-point�lobes�(triple�lobes)�to�drive�the�high�pressure�fuel�pumps.
Each�point�of�the�three-point�lobes�is�offset�by�120°�degrees.�The�two�three-point�lobes,�which�drive
the�two�high�pressure�pumps,�are�arranged�so�that�there�is�a�delivery�every�60°�degrees.
The�high�pressure�fuel�pump,�HDP�5,�is�used�and�has�the�same�function�as�the�high�pressure�pump�in
the�N55�engine.
However,�for�the�S55�engine,�two�high�pressure�pumps�are�installed�in�parallel�and�the�fuel�lines�are
arranged�differently.�Below�approx.�3,000�rpm�only�one�high�pressure�pump�is�activated,�at�engine
speeds�above�approx.�3,000�rpm�both�high�pressure�pumps�are�active.�This�was�necessary�in�order�to
satisfy�the�higher�volume�of�fuel�needed�at�high�engine�speeds�and�loads.�Regulation�is�carried�out�by
the�quantity�control�valve�of�the�second�high�pressure�pump.�The�quantity�control�valves,�of�the�high
pressure�pumps,�are�controlled�by�a�pulse-width-modulated�signal�from�the�DME.
S55�engine,�vacuum�pump�with�high�pressure�pump�elements
80
S55�Engine
10.�Fuel�System
Index Explanation
A Vacuum�pump�with�high�pressure�pump�drive
B Pump�elements
1 Non-return�valve�for�the�brake�servo
2 Connections,�high�pressure�pump�element
3 Position�sensor
4 Vacuum�pump�with�drive�for�high�pressure�pump�element
5 Drive
6 Fuel�feed
7 Fuel�quantity�control�valve
8 Mounting�plate
9 Pump�tappet
10 Connection,�high�pressure�line
An�additional�sensor�detects�the�position�of�the�camshaft�that�drives�the�high�pressure�fuel�pumps.
The�position�of�the�camshaft�in�the�high�pressure�pump�is�required�in�order�to�optimize�the�pump
control�by�the�quantity�control�valves.
The�position�sensor�works�according�to�the�hall�effect�principle.�It�tracks�the�sensor�gear�electronically
and�sends�the�signal�to�the�DME�which�in�turn�activates�the�quantity�control�valves�for�the�fuel�quantity
control.
The�double�three-point�lobe�camshaft�is�permanently�driven�by�the�vacuum�pump.�The�fuel�is
pressurized�by�the�high�pressure�fuel�pumps�and�delivered�to�the�fuel�rail�via�the�two�high�pressure
lines.�The�fuel�stored�under�pressure�in�the�fuel�rail�is�distributed�via�the�high�pressure�lines�to�the
high-pressure�fuel�injection�valves.�The�required�fuel�pressure�is�determined�by�the�DME�according�to
the�engine�load�and�speed.�The�fuel�pressure�is�registered�by�the�rail�pressure�sensor�and�sent�to�the
DME.�The�fuel�is�regulated�by�the�quantity�control�valve,�on�high�pressure�pump�2,�based�on�a�target/
actual�value�comparison�of�the�rail�pressure.�The�fuel�pressure�is�adjusted�to�achieve�smooth�running
properties�with�the�best�possible�fuel�consumption.�The�maximum�pressure�of�200�bar�is�only�required
at�a�high�load�and�low�speed.
81
S55�Engine
10.�Fuel�System
S55�engine,�fuel�pressure�diagram
Index Explanation
m Load
n Engine�speed
p Pressure
Warning�for�working�on�the�high-pressure�fuel�system
10.1.3.�Fuel�Injectors
The�Bosch�HDEV5.2�solenoid�valve�fuel�injectors�are�used�in�the�S55,�like�in�the�N20�and�N55�engines.
The�solenoid�valve�fuel�injectors�are�designed�as�inward-opening�multi-hole�valves�with�highly�variable
spay�angle�and�spray�pattern.�They�are�designed�for�system�pressure�of�up�to�200�bar.
The�high-pressure�fuel�injection�valves�help�satisfy�ULEV2�emission�standards.
The�high-pressure�fuel�injection�valves�have�different�diameters�of�the�laser-manufactured�bore�holes
in�the�nozzles.�The�fuel�quantity�of�the�two�spray�jets�in�the�exhaust�direction�is�reduced�by�20%,
which�increases�the�other�spray�jets�by�10%�respectively.
82
S55�Engine
10.�Fuel�System
S55�engine,�high-pressure�fuel�injection�valve�HDEV5.2�injection�pattern
Index Explanation
1 High-pressure�connection
2 Electrical�connection
3 Six-hole�nozzle
4 ULEV1,�injection�pattern
5 ULEV2,�injection�pattern
83
S55�Engine
10.�Fuel�System
High-pressure�fuel�injection�valves�with�solenoid�coils�do�not�have�a�linear�behavior�pattern�across�the
entire�service�life,�mainly�in�the�area�of�minimal�quantity�fuel�injection.�This�means�over�time�the�fuel
injection�rates�vary�from�one�injector�to�another�injector.�The�high-pressure�fuel�injection�valves�are
adapted�during�start-up�by�the�injection�quantity�compensation�in�the�DME,�in�order�to�compensate
possible�manufacturing�tolerances�and�adjust�all�injectors�to�each�other.
However,�this�only�happens�once�during�start-up�(injection�quantity�compensation).�The�parameters
for�the�activation�of�the�injectors�such�as�current�and�activation�duration�are�the�same�for�all�injectors
during�the�entire�operating�time�and�cannot�be�individually�adapted.�During�the�operating�time,�this
would�lead�to�transgressions�from�the�strict�exhaust�gas�emissions�legislation�such�as�ULEV2.
S55�engine,�injector�distribution�without�Controlled�Valve�Operation
Index Explanation
A Injector�adaptation,�start-up
B Injector�distribution�during�the�operating�time
1 Injector,�cylinder�1
2 Injector,�cylinder�2
3 Injector,�cylinder�3
4 Injector,�cylinder�4
5 Injector,�cylinder�5
6 Injector,�cylinder�6
The�injectors�are�now�therefore�adjusted�over�the�operating�time�with�the�help�of�a�software�function
called�"Controlled�Valve�Operation"�(CVO)�in�the�DME.�The�aim�here�is�to�limit�the�deviation�of�the
individual�injectors�to�each�other�to�+/-�10%.
84
S55�Engine
10.�Fuel�System
S55�engine,�injector,�minimal�quantity�adjustment�with�CVO
Index Explanation
A Injector�adaptation,�start-up
B Injector�distribution�during�the�operating�time
1 Injector,�cylinder�1
2 Injector,�cylinder�2
3 Injector,�cylinder�3
4 Injector,�cylinder�4
5 Injector,�cylinder�5
6 Injector,�cylinder�6
The�basic�principle�of�the�CVO�function�is�to�determine�the�precise�opening�period�of�the�high
pressure�fuel�injection�valves.�The�DME�can�determine�the�precise�opening�period�using�the�following
parameters:
• Power�consumption�of�the�high-pressure�fuel�injection�valve
• Voltage�at�the�high-pressure�fuel�injection�valve
These�current�and�voltage�values�change�in�the�event�of�a�needle�movement�in�the�high-pressure�fuel
injection�valve,�for�example:
• Armature�mists�up�-�when�the�needle�valve�is�withdrawn�from�the�valve�seat
• Armature�moves�-�needle�valve�moves�in�direction�of�open�position
• Armature�is�stationary�-�attachment�of�needle�valve�at�fully�open�position
• Reverse�movement
• Armature�moves�-�needle�valve�moves�in�direction�of�closed�position
• Armature�suffers�impact�and�is�braked�hydraulically�-�needle�valve�closed
85
S55�Engine
10.�Fuel�System
With�these�values,�the�DME�can�determine�the�actual�opening�period�of�the�high-pressure�fuel
injection�valve.�If�the�precise�opening�periods�are�known,�the�DME�can�also�determine�the�exact�fuel
injection�rate.
If�the�fuel�injection�rates�vary,�then�the�DME�can�control�the�fuel�injection�rate�by�the�opening�period
of�each�individual�injector�valve.�The�DME�thus�has�the�option�to�adjust�all�high-pressure�fuel�injection
valves�to�the�same�nominal�fuel�injection�rate.
This�measure�guarantees�the�same�nominal�fuel�injection�rate�in�all�cylinders,�primarily�in�the�minimal
quantity�range,�as�well�as�at�idle�speed,�so�that�the�exhaust�recirculation�can�always�work�efficiently.
This�is�reflected�in�the�emissions�values�and�compliance�with�the�existing�exhaust�emission�standards
ULEV2.
Work�on�the�fuel�system�is�only�permitted�after�the�engine�has�cooled�down.�The�coolant�temperature
must�not�exceed�40�°C.�This�measure�must�be�observed�without�fail,�as�otherwise�there�is�a�risk�of�fuel
being�sprayed�back�on�account�of�the�residual�pressure�in�the�high-pressure�fuel�system.
When�working�on�the�high-pressure�fuel�system,�it�is�essential�to�adhere�to�conditions�of�absolute
cleanliness�and�to�observe�the�work�sequences�described�in�the�repair�instructions.�Even�the�slightest
contamination�and/or�damage�to�the�screwed�fittings�of�the�high-pressure�lines�can�cause�leaks.
When�working�on�the�fuel�system�of�the�S55�engine,�it�is�important�to�ensure�that�the�ignition�coils�are
not�fouled�with�fuel.�The�resistance�of�the�silicone�material�is�greatly�reduced�by�having�contact�with
fuel.�This�may�result�in�arching�on�the�spark�plug�head�and�thus�in�misfires.
• Before�making�any�modifications�to�the�fuel�system,�make�sure�to�remove�the�ignition�coils
and�protect�the�spark�plug�holes�against�of�fuel�ingress�by�covering�with�them�with�a�rag.
• Before�reinstalling�the�solenoid�valve�injectors,�remove�the�ignition�coils�and�ensure�the�best
cleanliness�conditions�are�maintained.
• Ignition�coils�heavily�fouled�by�fuel�must�be�replaced.
• The�CVO�function�comprise�the�system�components�"Injector"�and�"Digital�Engine
Electronics"�(DME).�These�components�therefore�have�to�be�identified�with�the�vehicle
identification�number�in�the�EPC�in�the�event�of�a�replacement.
• For�injectors�and�a�DME�which�supports�the�CVO�function,�the�injection�quantity
compensation�during�the�replacement�of�one�of�the�components�is�deleted.
• The�information�and�repair�instructions�in�the�Integrated�Service�Technical�Application�(ISTA)
must�be�observed.
86
S55�Engine
11.�Cooling�System
11.1.�Overview
The�S55�engine�cooling�system�consists�of�engine�and�charge�air�cooling,�as�well�as�oil�cooling�for�the
engine�oil�and�the�M�DCT.
S55�engine,�cooling�system
Index Explanation
1 Upstream�low-temperature�radiator,�charge�air
2 Radiator,�engine
3 Low-temperature�radiator,�charge�air
4 Indirect�charge�air�cooler
5 Coolant�expansion�tank,�charge�air
6 Coolant�expansion�tank,�engine
87
S55�Engine
11.�Cooling�System
Index Explanation
7 Thermostat,�transmission�oil�cooling,�M�DCT
8 Upstream�radiator,�engine
9 Engine�oil�cooler
10 M�DCT�transmission�oil�cooler
S55�engine,�engine�cooling�with�exhaust�turbochargers�and�charge�air�cooling
88
S55�Engine
11.�Cooling�System
Index Explanation
1 Low-temperature�radiator,�charge�air
2 Upstream�low-temperature�radiator,�charge�air
3 Radiator,�engine
4 Electric�coolant�pump,�low-temperature�circuit,�charge�air
5 Coolant�expansion�tank,�charge�air
6 Thermostat
7 Mechanical�coolant�pump,�engine
8 Electric�coolant�pump�for�turbochargers
9 Turbochargers
10 Heat�exchanger
11 Electric�coolant�pump,�heating�for�passenger�compartment
12 Coolant�temperature�sensor
13 Indirect�charge�air�cooler
14 Coolant�expansion�tank,�engine
15 Electric�fan
16 Upstream�radiator,�engine
89
S55�Engine
11.�Cooling�System
11.2.�Engine�cooling
S55�engine,�cooling�system
Index Explanation
3 Radiator,�engine
6 Thermostat
7 Mechanical�coolant�pump,�engine
8 Electric�coolant�pump�for�turbochargers
9 Turbochargers
10 Heat�exchanger
11 Electric�coolant�pump,�heating�for�passenger�compartment
90
S55�Engine
11.�Cooling�System
Index Explanation
12 Coolant�temperature�sensor
14 Coolant�expansion�tank,�engine
15 Electric�fan
16 Upstream�radiator,�engine
The�following�graphic�shows�the�connection�of�an�auxiliary�radiator�to�the�cooling�system.�The�auxiliary
radiator�is�connected�in�parallel�to�the�radiator�with�coolant�lines,�thus�increasing�the�cooling�surface
area.
S55�engine,�coolant�circuit�with�exhaust�turbochargers
Index Explanation
1 Auxiliary�radiator,�engine
2 Radiator,�engine
3 Coolant�expansion�tank,�engine
4 Mechanical�coolant�pump,�engine
5 Thermostat
6 Turbocharger�unit
7 Heat�exchanger
8 Electric�coolant�pump�for�turbochargers
9 Electric�coolant�pump,�heating�for�passenger�compartment
91
S55�Engine
11.�Cooling�System
The�S55�engine�uses�a�conventional�belt�driven�coolant�pump�which�replaces�the�electric�coolant
pump�known�from�the�N54�and�N55�engines.
11.2.1.�Coolant�passages
The�coolant�passages�in�the�cylinder�head�are�also�used�for�indirect�cooling�of�the�fuel�injectors.�The
following�graphic�shows�that�the�coolant�flows�around�the�valves�and�fuel�injectors.�The�heat�transfer
to�these�components�is�therefore�reduced�to�a�minimum.
S55�engine,�coolant�passages�in�the�cylinder�head
Index Explanation
1 Passage,�intake�valves
2 Passage,�injector
3 Passage,�exhaust�valves
4 Connection�of�coolant�hose�and�thermostat�(small�cooling�circuit)
5 Connection�of�coolant�hose�and�radiator�(large�cooling�circuit)
92
S55�Engine
11.�Cooling�System
11.2.2.�Cooling�circuit,�exhaust�turbochargers
S55�engine,�cooling�circuit�of�the�turbochargers�with�electrical�auxiliary�coolant�pump
Index Explanation
8 Electric�coolant�pump�for�the�turbochargers
9 Turbochargers
The�conventional�coolant�pump�is�driven�via�the�drive�belt�and�cannot�be�used�for�cooling�the
turbochargers�after�the�engine�has�shut�down.�This�is�why�an�auxiliary�20W�electric�coolant�pump�is
used�for�the�turbocharger�coolant�circuit.
93
S55�Engine
11.�Cooling�System
Not�only�does�this�additional�coolant�pump�operate�after�engine�shut�down,�but�also�during�engine
operation�taking�into�account�the�following�factors:
• Coolant�temperature�at�the�engine�outlet
• Engine�oil�temperature
• Injected�fuel�quantity
Using�these�values,�the�heat�input�to�the�engine�is�calculated.�The�after-run�of�the�electric�coolant
pump�can�last�up�to�30�minutes.�To�improve�the�cooling�effect,�the�electric�fan�is�activated�and�can�run
for�up�to�a�maximum�of�11�minutes�after�engine�shut�down.
94
S55�Engine
11.�Cooling�System
11.3.�Charge�air�cooling
In�the�S55�engine,�like�in�the�S63�engine,�indirect�charge�air�cooling�is�used.�During�the�indirect�charge
air�cooling,�the�charge�air�is�cooled�by�a�low-temperature�cooling�circuit.�The�low-temperature�cooling
circuit�is�then�cooled�via�two�radiators�by�ambient�air.
S55�Charge�air�cooling
Index Explanation
1 Low-temperature�radiator,�charge�air
2 Upstream�low-temperature�radiator,�charge�air
4 Electric�coolant�pump,�low-temperature�circuit,�charge�air
5 Coolant�expansion�tank,�charge�air
13 Indirect�charge�air�cooler
95
S55�Engine
11.�Cooling�System
Components
The�capacity�of�the�charge�air�cooling�circuit�is�approximately�4�liters.�The�circulation�of�the�coolant
in�the�charge�air�cooling�circuit�is�accomplished�by�an�80W�electric�coolant�pump.�The�two�radiators
are�connected�in�parallel�and�are�supplied�via�an�expansion�tank�secured�at�the�charge�air�cooler.�The
indirect�charge�air�cooler�has�a�cooling�power�of�36�kW�(10.3RT-�refrigeration�tons).
S55�engine,�cooling�circuit,�charge�air
Index Explanation
1 Indirect�charge�air�cooler
2 Coolant�expansion�tank,�charge�air
3 Low-temperature�radiator,�charge�air
4 Electric�coolant�pump,�low-temperature�circuit,�charge�air
5 Upstream�low-temperature�radiator,�charge�air
96
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
12.1.�Electrical�system�connection
12.1.1.�Overview
Like�in�the�N55,�the�DME�is�bolted�to�the�intake�manifold�and�is�cooled�by�the�intake�air.�The
advantages�of�the�DME�close�to�the�engine�are�as�follows:
• The�engine�wiring�harness�is�divided�into�six�individual�modules
• All�electrical�components�on�the�engine�are�supplied�directly�by�the�DME
• E-box�no�longer�needed
• 211�pins�are�available,�the�connections�are�waterproof�when�connected
• Shorter�engine�wiring�harness
• Simplification�of�the�production
97
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
12.1.2.�System�wiring�diagrams
System�wiring�diagram�for�MEVD17.2.G
98
S55�engine,�system�wiring�diagram�for�MEVD17.2.G
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
Index Explanation
1 DME,�Valvetronic,�direct�fuel�injection�MEVD17.2.G
2 Temperature�sensor
3 Ambient�pressure�sensor
4 Starter�motor
5 Brake�light�switch
6 Front�Electronic�Module�(FEM)
7 Air�conditioning�compressor
8 Refrigerant�pressure�sensor
9 Electronic�fuel�pump�control
10 Electric�fuel�pump
11 Clutch�module
12 Relay,�terminal�15N
13 Relay,�Valvetronic
14 Relay,�ignition�and�fuel�injection
15 Diagnostic�module�for�tank�leaks�(DMTL)
16 Relay,�terminal�30B
17 Relay�for�electric�fan
18 Electric�fan
19 Map�thermostat
20 Electric�coolant�pump,�exhaust�turbocharger
21 Electric�coolant�pump,�charge�air�cooling
22 Tank�vent�valve
23 VANOS�solenoid�valve,�intake�camshaft
24 VANOS�solenoid�valve,�exhaust�camshaft
25 Oil�pressure�control�valve
26 Quantity�control�valve,�high�pressure�pump�1
27 Quantity�control�valve,�high�pressure�pump�2
28 Electrical�exhaust�flap,�cylinders�1–3
29 Electrical�exhaust�flap,�cylinders�4–6
30�–�35 Fuel�Injectors
36�–�41 Ignition�coils
42 Engine�ventilation�heating
43 Ground�connections
44 Electrical�wastegate�valve�actuator,�cylinders�1–3
45 Electrical�wastegate�valve�actuator,�cylinders�4-6
99
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
Index Explanation
46 Oxygen�sensor�after�catalytic�converter,�cylinders�1–3
47 Oxygen�sensor�after�catalytic�converter,�cylinders�4–6
48 Oxygen�sensor�before�catalytic�converter,�cylinders�1–3
49 Oxygen�sensor�before�catalytic�converter,�cylinders�4–6
50 Diagnostic�socket
51 Fuel�low-pressure�sensor
52 Intake-manifold�pressure�sensor�after�throttle�valve
53 Rail�pressure�sensor
54 Charge�air�temperature�and�pressure�sensor
55 Knock�sensor,�cylinders�1–3
56 Hot�film�air�mass�meter,�cylinders�1–3
57 Knock�sensor,�cylinders�4-6
58 Hot�film�air�mass�meter,�cylinders�4-6
59 Gear�sensor
60 Position�sensor,�high�pressure�pump
61 Camshaft�sensor,�intake�camshaft
62 Camshaft�sensor,�exhaust�camshaft
63 Crankshaft�sensor
64 Accelerator�pedal�module
65 Electromotive�throttle�controller
66 Coolant�temperature�sensor
67 Oil�pressure�sensor
68 Oil�temperature�sensor
69 Valvetronic�servomotor
70 Engine�dynamics�button
71 Oil�level�sensor
72 Alternator
73 Battery�supervision�circuits�(BUE)
74 Dynamic�Stability�Control�(DSC)
75 Integrated�Chassis�Management�(ICM)
100
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
12.1.3.�Engine�control�unit
The�S55�engine�receives�the�engine�control�MEVD17.2.G�from�Bosch.�The�DME�is�integrated�into�the
intake�manifold�and�is�cooled�by�the�intake�air.�The�MEVD17.2.G�DME�can�operate�on�the�FlexRay�and
supplies�the�sensors�and�actuators�directly�with�voltage.
The�top�side�of�the�DME�housing�is�also�the�lower�section�of�the�intake�manifold.�The�DME�housing�is
contoured�in�order�to�ensure�optimal�flow�in�the�intake�manifold.
When�connected,�the�plug�connections�between�the�wiring�harness�and�DME�are�waterproof.
12.2.�Functions
12.2.1.�Fuel�supply
A�voltage�signal�is�sent�from�the�low�pressure�fuel�sensor�to�the�DME�based�on�the�system�pressure
applied�between�the�electric�fuel�pump�and�the�high�pressure�pump.�The�system�pressure�(fuel
pressure)�is�determined�using�the�low-pressure�fuel�sensor�before�the�high�pressure�pump.�In�the
DME,�a�constant�comparison�of�the�nominal�pressure�and�the�actual�pressure�is�carried�out.
In�the�event�of�a�deviation�of�the�nominal�pressure�from�the�actual�pressure,�the�engine�control�unit
increases�or�reduces�the�voltage�for�the�electric�fuel�pump,�which�is�sent�as�a�message�via�the�PT-CAN
to�the�electric�fuel�pump�control�unit�(EKP).
The�electric�fuel�pump�control�unit�transforms�the�message�into�output�voltage�for�the�electric�fuel
pump.�The�necessary�delivery�pressure�for�the�engine�(or�the�high�pressure�pumps)�is�adjusted.�In�the
event�of�a�signal�failure�(low�pressure�fuel�sensor)�the�electric�fuel�pump�is�pre-controlled�with�terminal
15�ON.�If�the�CAN�bus�fails,�the�electric�fuel�pump�is�operated�via�the�electric�fuel�pump�control�unit
with�the�system�voltage.�The�high�pressure�pumps�increase�the�fuel�pressure�between�50�to�200
bar.�The�fuel�reaches�the�rail�via�the�high�pressure�lines.�The�fuel�is�stored�temporarily�in�the�rail�and
distributed�to�the�fuel�injectors.
Fuel�quantity�control
The�rail�pressure�sensor�measures�the�current�fuel�pressure�in�the�rail.�The�excess�fuel�is�returned
to�the�inlets�of�the�high�pressure�pumps�when�the�quantity�control�valves�are�open.�In�the�event�of�a
failure�of�a�high�pressure�pump,�restricted�driving�is�possible.
The�quantity�control�valves�control�the�fuel�pressure�in�the�rail.�The�quantity�control�valves�are
activated�by�the�engine�control�with�a�pulse-width-modulated�signal.�Depending�on�the�pulse�width,
a�variable�throttle�cross�section�is�released,�thus�providing�the�quantity�of�fuel�required�for�the�current
load�status�of�the�engine�There�is�also�an�option�to�reduce�the�pressure�in�the�rail.
12.2.2.�Charging�pressure�control
The�charging�pressure�is�controlled�by�the�engine�control�via�the�wastegate�valves�at�each�of�the�two
turbochargers.�In�order�to�be�able�to�infinitely�adjust�the�wastegate�valves,�electrical�wastegate�valves
are�installed�which�implement�the�signals�from�the�engine�control�to�open�or�close�the�wastegate
valve.
101
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
12.3.�Sensors
12.3.1.�Crankshaft�sensor
The�integrated�crankshaft�sensor�has�the�same�function�as�the�crankshaft�sensors�used�for�the
automatic�engine�start-stop�function�(MSA).�The�reverse�detection�of�the�engine�is�necessary�for�the
MSA�function.�The�sensor�and�the�function�are�described�in�the�Technical�Reference�Manual�"ST1112
Automatic�Start�Stop�(MSA)".
S55�engine,�installation�location�of�crankshaft�sensor�(using�the�example�of�the�N55)
Index Explanation
A Line�of�vision�on�the�crankshaft
B Same�line�of�vision�without�starter�motor
1 Connector
2 Dust�seal
3 Sensor
4 Multi-pole�sensor�gear
5 Starter
102
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
S55�engine,�crankshaft�sensor�with�multi-pole�sensor�gear
Index Explanation
1 Connector
2 Dust�seal
3 Sensor
12.3.2.�Ignition�coil�and�spark�plug
Ignition�coil
The�S55�engine�uses�the�same�ignition�coils�that�are�installed�in�the�N55�engine.�Like�in�the�N55
engine,�the�ignition�coils�offer�higher�ignition�voltage,�better�electromagnetic�compatibility�and
improved�strength.
Spark�plug
The�spark�plugs�of�the�S55�engine�are�M-specific�components.
103
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
12.3.3.�Oil�pressure�sensor
The�oil�pressure�sensor�can�determine�the�absolute�pressure,�which�is�necessary�for�more�precise�oil-
pressure�control.�The�sensor�is�identical�in�its�structure�to�the�low�pressure�fuel�sensor.
The�oil�pressure�sensor�is�supplied�with�5�V�voltage�by�the�DME.
S55�engine,�oil�pressure�sensor
12.3.4.�Oxygen�sensors
S55�engine,�catalytic�converter
Index Explanation
1 Oxygen�sensor�before�catalytic�converter
2 Connection�at�the�exhaust�turbocharger
3 Metal�honeycomb�structure
4 Catalytic�converter�housing
5 Oxygen�sensor�after�catalytic�converter
The�same�connectors�are�used�for�the�oxygen�sensors�as�in�the�N55�engine.�This�connector�system
offers�significantly�better�contact�properties�and�reduces�the�"ambient�noise"�due�to�contact
problems.�Another�improvement�is�the�oscillation-�and�vibration-free�contact�point.
104
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
Oxygen�sensor�before�catalytic�converter
The�oxygen�sensors�(LSU�ADV)�from�Bosch�are�used�as�control�sensors�before�the�catalytic
converters.�The�function�is�comparable�to�the�oxygen�sensor�(LSU�4.9)�and�therefore�is�not�described
in�detail�here.�This�oxygen�sensor�is�already�used�in�the�N55�and�N63�engine.�The�abbreviation�LSU
stands�for�universal�oxygen�sensor�and�ADV�for�“Advanced”.
The�oxygen�sensor�before�catalytic�converter�(LSU�ADV)�offers�the�following�advantages:
• High�signal�stability,�especially�in�boost�operation�due�to�lower�dynamic�pressure�dependence
• Increased�durability�thanks�to�reduced�pump�voltage
• Increased�accuracy
• Quicker�operating�readiness�(<�5�seconds)
• Greater�temperature�compatibility
• Improved�connector�with�better�contact�properties
The�LSU�ADV�has�an�extended�measuring�range,�making�it�possible�to�measure�precisely�from�lamda
0.65.�The�oxygen�sensor�is�operational�earlier,�so�after�5�seconds�precise�measurement�values�are
available.
The�higher�measuring�dynamics�of�the�sensor�makes�it�possible�to�more�effectively�determine�and
control�the�fuel-air�ratio�of�each�cylinder.�As�a�result,�a�homogeneous�exhaust�flow�can�be�adjusted,�the
emission�levels�lowered�and�the�long-term�emission�behavior�optimized.
Oxygen�sensor�after�catalytic�converter
The�oxygen�sensor�after�catalytic�converter�is�also�called�a�monitoring�sensor.�The�monitoring�sensor
LSF�XFOUR�from�Bosch�is�used.
The�LSF�XFOUR�needs�the�MEVD17.2.G�for�the�signal�evaluation�and�is�characterized�by�the�following
properties:
• Quicker�response�characteristics�after�engine�start�(a�more�controlled�heater�was�integrated�in
the�LSF�XFOUR)
• Improved�signal�stability
• Small�installation�space
• High�temperature�resistance�and�optimal�thermal�shock�protection
• Resistance�against�condensation�in�the�exhaust�duct�after�a�cold�start�is�improved
105
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
12.3.5.�Hot�film�air�mass�meter
The�hot�film�air�mass�meter�7�is�used,�like�in�the�N55�engine.�The�S55�engine�uses�two�hot�film�air
mass�meters,�one�for�each�bank.
The�hot�film�air�mass�meter�measures�the�flow�of�the�filtered�air�which�is�drawn�in�by�the�engine.�In
conjunction�with�other�sensors,�the�quantity�of�the�fuel�to�be�injected�is�controlled.�The�HFM�signal�is
also�used�in�other�system�diagnosis,�like�fuel�tank�ventilation.�In�contrast�to�the�hot�film�air�mass�meter
in�the�N20�and�N26�engine,�the�hot�film�air�mass�meter�in�the�N55�and�S55�engine�has�an�independent
temperature�sensor.
S55�engine,�hot�film�air�mass�meter�7
Index Explanation
1 Electrical�connection
2 Sensor
12.4.�Actuators
12.4.1.�Valvetronic�servomotor
The�brushless�direct�current�motor,�Valvetronic�servomotor,�is�maintenance�free�and�very�powerful�due
to�the�contactless�energy�transfer.�With�the�use�of�integrated�electronic�modules,�it�is�controlled�with
precision.
Function
The�activation�of�the�Valvetronic�servomotor�is�limited�to�a�maximum�of�40�A.�Over�a�period�of�>200
milliseconds�a�maximum�of�20�A�is�available.�The�Valvetronic�servomotor�is�activated�by�a�pulse-width-
modulated�signal.�The�duty�cycle�is�between�5%�and�98%.
106
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
S55�engine,�Valvetronic�servomotor
Index Explanation
1 Socket
2 Worm�shaft
3 Needle�bearing
4 Bearing�cap
5 Magnetic�gear�sensor
6 Rotor�with�four�magnets
7 Sensor
8 Stator
9 Housing
10 Bearings
107
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
The�sensor�is�supplied�with�5�V�voltage�by�the�DME.�The�DME�receives�signals�via�five�hall�effect
elements�and�evaluates�them.�Of�the�five�hall�effect�sensors�three�are�for�rough�classification�and�two
are�for�precise�classification.�The�angle�of�rotation�of�the�servomotor�can�be�determined�at�<7.5°.�With
the�ratio�of�the�worm�drive,�a�very�precise�and�quick�lift�adjustment�of�the�valves�is�possible.
12.4.2.�High-pressure�fuel�injection�valve
In�the�S55�engine�the�HDEV5.2�is�based�on�the�high-pressure�fuel�injection�valve�used�in�the�N55
engine�(HDEV5.2).�The�function�is�the�same.
Function
The�activation�of�the�HDEV5.2�is�effected�in�four�phases,�as�shown�in�the�following�graphic:
108
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
S55�engine,�activation�phases�of�the�HDEV5.2
109
S55�Engine
12.�Engine�Electrical�System
Index Explanation
A Activation�signal,�DME
B Current�flow�HDEV5.2
C Voltage�at�HDEV5.2
1 Booster�phase
2 Activation�phase
3 Holding�phase
4 Shutdown�phase
1 Booster�phase:�In�the�Booster�phase�the�opening�of�the�HDEV5.2�is�introduced�by�the�DME�with
a�high�booster�voltage.�The�Booster�phase�is�completed�when�approx.�10�A�is�reached.�The�high
current�is�achieved�with�a�voltage�of�up�to�approx.�65�V.
2 Activation�phase:�In�the�activation�phase�the�HDEV5.2�is�opened�fully�after�the�booster�phase
by�current�control�of�around�6.2�A.�At�the�end�of�the�activation�phase�the�current�is�reduced�from
the�activation�to�the�holding�current�level�of�approx.�2.5�A.
3 Holding�phase:�In�the�holding�phase�the�applied�HDEV5.2�is�held�open�by�current�control�of
around�2.5�A.
4 Shutdown�phase:�The�current�is�shut�down�in�the�shutdown�phase�after�the�end�of�the�injection
period.�At�least�2�milliseconds�pass�between�two�injection�processes.
110
S55�Engine
13.�Service�Information
13.1.�Engine�mechanics
13.1.1.�Engine�housing
Cylinder�head
The�combination�of�exhaust�turbocharger,�Valvetronic�and�direct�fuel�injection�is�known�as�Turbo
Valvetronic�Direct�Injection�(TVDI).
Cylinder�head�cover
If�there�is�a�complaint�about�higher�oil�consumption�and�at�the�same�time�an�exhaust�turbocharger
fouled�with�oil�is�diagnosed,�then�it�cannot�be�immediately�concluded�that�the�exhaust�turbocharger
is�faulty.�If�the�fouling�is�already�present�after�the�introduction�of�the�blow-by�gases,�then�the�entire
engine�must�be�checked�for�leaks.�The�cause�of�an�excessive�blow-by�gas�flow�rate�may�be�faulty
gaskets�or�crankshaft�seals.�Leaking�crankshaft�seals�may�generate�oil�consumption�of�up�to�3
l/1000 km.
111
S55�Engine
13.�Service�Information
13.2.�Fuel�preparation
13.2.1.�Overview
Injectors
Work�on�the�fuel�system�is�only�permitted�after�the�engine�has�cooled�down.�The�coolant�temperature
must�not�exceed�40�°C.�This�measure�must�be�observed�without�fail,�as�otherwise�there�is�a�risk�of�fuel
being�sprayed�back�on�account�of�the�residual�pressure�in�the�high-pressure�fuel�system.
When�working�on�the�high-pressure�fuel�system,�it�is�essential�to�adhere�to�conditions�of�absolute
cleanliness�and�to�observe�the�work�sequences�described�in�the�repair�instructions.�Even�the�slightest
contamination�and/or�damage�to�the�screwed�fittings�of�the�high-pressure�lines�can�cause�leaks.
When�working�on�the�fuel�system�of�the�S55�engine,�it�is�important�to�ensure�that�the�ignition�coils�are
not�fouled�with�fuel.�The�resistance�of�the�silicone�material�is�greatly�reduced�by�having�contact�with
fuel.�This�may�result�in�arching�on�the�spark�plug�head�and�thus�in�misfires.
• Before�making�any�modifications�to�the�fuel�system,�make�sure�to�remove�the�ignition�coils
and�protect�the�spark�plug�holes�against�of�fuel�ingress�by�covering�with�them�with�a�rag.
• Before�reinstalling�the�solenoid�valve�injectors,�remove�the�ignition�coils�and�ensure�the�best
cleanliness�conditions�are�maintained.
• Ignition�coils�heavily�fouled�by�fuel�must�be�replaced.
• The�CVO�function�comprise�the�system�components�"Injector"�and�"Digital�Engine
Electronics"�(DME).�These�components�therefore�have�to�be�identified�with�the�vehicle
identification�number�in�the�EPC�in�the�event�of�a�replacement.
• For�injectors�and�a�DME�which�supports�the�CVO�function,�the�injection�quantity
compensation�during�the�replacement�of�one�of�the�components�is�deleted.
• The�information�and�repair�instructions�in�the�Integrated�Service�Technical�Application�(ISTA)
must�be�observed.
112
Bayerische�Motorenwerke�Aktiengesellschaft
Qualifizierung�und�Training
Röntgenstraße�7
85716�Unterschleißheim,�Germany