Influence of Social Media Use on Body Image and Self-Esteem

among Senior High Students in Davao City

Ramil C. Carballo
Colegio de San Ignacio, Philippines
Jil M. Helardez
Southern Philippines Polytechnic College, Inc., Philippines
Rizyl C. Nasara
Holy Cross of Davao College, Philippines
Flordeliza D. Canchico
Brokenshire College of Davao, Inc, Philippines
De Mar M. Bangeles 
Holy Cross of Davao College, Philippines

Suggested Citation
Abstract:
Carballo, R.C., Helardez, J.M., This study aims to investigate the influence of social media on the
Nasara, R.S., Canchico, F.D., & body image and self-esteem among senior high school students in
Bangeles, D.M.M. (2024). Davao City. Utilizing a quantitative research design, the study
Influence of Social Media Use on collected data from 100 senior high school students through
Body Image and Self-Esteem structured questionnaires. Established measures were used to assess
among Senior High Students in social media usage, perceived body image, and self-esteem, with strict
Davao City. European Journal of adherence to ethical considerations and data confidentiality. The
Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 2(4),
findings indicate high self-esteem across personal, social, and
371-384.
appearance-related domains. Additionally, social media use is high,
DOI: 10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(4).31
highlighting its significant role in fulfilling academic, social,
entertainment, and informational needs. Moreover, findings indicate
a moderate perception of body image that while students feel positively about certain aspects of their
bodies, such as satisfaction and appearance maintenance behaviors, they also face challenges or pressures
in areas like response to criticism and body modification preferences. Significant links were found with
Academic, Socialization, and Informativeness aspects, but not with Entertainment. Overall social media
usage correlated with perceived body image. Moreover, Socialization and Informativeness significantly
predicted both body image and self-esteem among students. These findings underscore the influence of
positive social interactions and informative content on social media in shaping adolescents' perceptions
of themselves. This study contributes to the broader understanding of addressing social media's impact
in schools. It highlights the roles of administrators, teachers, and students in promoting media literacy,
resilience, and positive mental health outcomes. Future research can build upon these findings to develop
effective intervention strategies.

Keywords: Social Media Use, Body Image, Self-Esteem, Social Comparison Theory, Gratifications Theory.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The license permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, on the condition that users give exact credit to the original author(s)
and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if they made any changes.
Introduction To investigate the specific types of social media
content (e.g., images, videos, posts) that have the
The influence of social media use on body image most significant impact on body image and self-
and self-esteem among senior high students in esteem among senior high students in Davao
Davao City is undoubtedly detrimental. With the City. This could include examining the
incessant bombardment of unrealistic beauty prevalence of certain types of content, such as
standards and flawless portrayals on platforms images depicting idealized body types or posts
like Instagram and TikTok, young individuals are promoting specific beauty standards, and how
constantly comparing themselves to unattainable exposure to these types of content influences
ideals. Self-esteem plays a pivotal role in various students' perceptions of their own bodies and
domains of life. High self-esteem is associated levels of self-esteem. Conducting this study is
with resilience, optimism, and better stress essential for gaining a deeper understanding of
management. Individuals with high self-esteem how social media impacts the mental health of
are more likely to pursue their goals, cope with senior high students in Davao City and can
setbacks, and maintain healthy interpersonal inform strategies to support their well-being in
relationships. Conversely, low self-esteem is the digital age.
linked to mental health issues such as
depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. It can Statement of the Problem
hinder academic and professional achievement, This study aims to answer the following
as well as contribute to social withdrawal and questions:
relationship problems. Body image is a
multifaceted construct that encompasses an 1. What is the level of social media use
individual's perceptions, thoughts, and feelings among senior high school students in selected
about their own body. It is influenced by a schools in Davao City in terms of:
complex interplay of biological, psychological, 1.1. academic;
and social factors, and has significant
implications for mental and physical health. In 1.2. socialization;
contemporary society, where media portrayals of 1.3. entertainment; and
idealized body types are ubiquitous,
1.4. informativeness?
understanding body image has become
increasingly important. 2. What is the level of perceived body
image of senior high school students in selected
Research consistently shows that social media
schools in Davao City in terms of:
use has a negative impact on body image and
self-esteem, particularly among young women. 2.1. body image satisfaction;
Puglia (2017) found that body comparison 2.2. appearance maintenance behaviors;
tendency and motivation for social media use
were negatively correlated with body esteem, 2.3. response to external criticism and social
with Facebook use having the largest negative pressure; and
impact. Silva and Penaforte (2020) further 2.4. body modification preferences and
supported these findings, noting that social attitudes?
networks increase body dissatisfaction and
influence the body type users aspire to have. 3. What is the level of self-esteem of senior
Yang et al. (2020) provided a cognitive-affective high school students in selected schools in
model, showing that excessive social media use Davao City in terms of:
can lead to unhealthy body esteem through 3.1. performance self-esteem;
intensified cognitive internalization, appearance
comparisons, and social appearance anxiety. 3.2. social self- esteem; and
3.3. appearance self-esteem?

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4. Is there a combined significant by curating their online presence. Understanding
relationship between social media use and these motivations can help explain how social
the outcome variables body image and media use influences body image and self-
self-esteem among senior high school students esteem.
in selected schools in Davao City?
Conceptual Framework
5. Does social media use significantly
influence the outcome variables body image and
self-esteem among senior high school students
in selected schools in Davao City?
Hypotheses
H01: There is no combined significant
relationship between social media use and the
outcome variables body image and self-esteem
among senior high school students in selected
schools in Davao City?
H02: Social media use does not significantly
influence the outcome variables body image and
self-esteem among senior high school students
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
in selected schools in Davao City?
of the Study
Theoretical Framework
This study is anchored in Social Comparison
Theory. Social comparison theory suggests that Method
people value their own personal and social worth This quantitative research utilized the
by assessing how they compare to others. descriptive-correlational method. This research
Introduced by Leon Festinger in 1954, the design deemed appropriate for this study since it
theory describes the comparison processes aimed to determine the possible existence of
people utilize to evaluate their actions, relationships among the variable’s understudies.
accomplishments, and opinions in contrast to Descriptive research is defined as a research
those of other people. This will support our method that involves observing behavior to
study by explaining how people compare describe attributes objectively and systematically.
themselves to others on social media. This A descriptive research project seeks to
comparison will lead to dissatisfaction with their comprehend phenomena or groups in depth.
bodies and lower self-esteem due to exposure to Correlational research, on the other hand, is a
idealized images, selective self-presentation, method that describes and predicts how
reinforcement of beauty norms, and seeking variables are naturally related in the real world
validation through likes and comments. Our without the researcher attempting to alter them
study aims to explore how these dynamics affect or assign causation between them.
individuals' body image and self-esteem in the
Descriptive correlational research is a type of
context of social media use. Kasirye (2021)
research design that tries to explain the
coined in the early 1940s by Katz and Blumler
relationship between two or more variables
(1974), the uses and Gratifications theory deals
without making any claims about cause and
with understanding why people use certain types
effect. It includes collecting and analyzing data
of media, what needs do they have to use them,
on at least two variables to see if there is a link
and what gratifications do they get from using
between them. The researchers collected data to
them. For example, they might use social media
explain the variables of interest and figure out
to seek validation or social support, compare
how they relate.
themselves to others, or enhance their self-image

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Participants and Sampling Results and Discussions
This study involved 100 SHS students of legal Table 1 shows the level of social media use
age (18 and up) in Davao City. The participants among senior high school students in selected
were selected based on specific inclusion criteria, schools in Davao City. The instrument has 19
and purposive sampling was used. It was made items with four indicators namely: Academic,
clear to the participants that their participation Socialization, Entertainment, and
was voluntary, and their withdrawal would be informativeness.
respected.
Data Collection
Table 1. Summary of the Level of Social
The researchers followed several steps to gather Media Use among Senior High School
data for this study. These steps included Students in Selected Schools in Davao City
validating the survey questionnaire guide with
Indicator Mean Description
experts, revising the manuscript based on the Academic 3.83 High
professors' recommendations, obtaining Socialization 3.61 High
approval from the Ethics Review Committee, Entertainment 4.00 High
and conducting the survey questionnaire online Informativeness 3.79 High
using Google Forms. The researchers made sure Overall 3.81 High
that the safety of the participants was upheld
throughout the process. As shown in the Table 1 above, academic,
Data Analysis socialization, entertainment, and
informativeness all yielded a high level with a
The subsequent steps in analyzing the obtained mean of 3.83, 3.61, 4.00, and 3.79, respectively.
data were done by the researchers: Upon getting The high score in this category indicates that
the necessary information via the data-gathering social media is predominantly used for
procedure outlined in this manuscript, the entertainment purposes among senior high
researchers then encoded the gathered data to school students. They likely spend in social
make a table, which was the basis for media sites sharing pictures, look at funny
computation. Data analysis was conducted by sharing, watching movies and sites to get relief
the researchers. After the desired themes were from academic stress. Overall, the level of social
generated from the data analysis, crafting of the media use is high among senior high school
remaining parts of the paper followed. students in selected schools in Davao City. This
Ethical Consideration suggests that social media plays a significant role
in their daily lives, fulfilling various needs related
This study was conducted per ethical guidelines
to academic, social, entertainment, and
set forth by the DOST Philippine Health
informational purposes.
Research Board and the Code of Conduct by the
American Psychological Association (2017). The Wang and Xie (2023) highlight the role of social
researchers obtained informed consent from media in socializing, learning, and entertainment,
participants, ensuring their rights were with Instagram being a dominant platform. This
respected, and allowed participants to withdraw is also supported by Alghamdi, G. M. A. (2022)
from the study at any time. Pseudonyms were that Instagram (IG) is among the most popular
used to maintain confidentiality. The researchers social media platforms, and is used by millions
avoided plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, of people every day, especially young adults.
conflict of interest, and adhered to ethical Dhanwal et al. (2022) emphasizes the impact of
protocols set forth by APA. social media on teaching and learning activities,
and the use of various platforms for information
sharing and entertainment. According to the
study of Alenezi and Brinthaupt (2022), students
frequently used social media for casual

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networking and amusing, but not as frequently interest in body modification practices. Overall
as a formal teaching aid. The majority of pupils the mean score is 3.16, indicating a moderate
thought that social media promoted interaction, perception of body image among the senior high
participation from peers and teachers, group school students in the selected schools. This
learning, and engagement. With this it will also suggests that while there are areas where
improve their independence in working and students feel positively about their bodies (such
finding educational resources according to as satisfaction and appearance maintenance
Ibraev, A. D. (2024). behaviors), there are also areas where they may
face challenges or pressures (such as response to
Table 2 shows the level of perceived body image
of senior high school students in selected criticism and body modification preferences).
schools in Davao City. The instrument has 35 Sundgot-Borgen et al. (2021) found that while
items with four indicators namely: Body image female exercise science students had higher body
satisfaction, Appearance maintenance behaviors, appreciation, both male and female students
Response to external criticism and social experienced body appearance pressure,
pressure, and Body modification preferences particularly in fitness centers. Poulter and
and attitudes. Trehame (2021), and Piko and Mellor (2020)
shed light on the factors contributing to positive
body image, such as critical media engagement,
Table 2. Summary of the Level of Perceived functional conceptualization of the body, and
Body Image of Senior High School self-esteem. Jarman et al. (2021) which
Students in Selected Schools in Davao City hypothesized that higher intensity of social
Indicator Mean Description media and appearance-focused use would relate
1 3.69 High to lower body satisfaction and lower well-being
2 3.59 High directly and indirectly through higher thin- and
3 2.73 Moderate muscular-ideal internalization and social and
4 2.62 Moderate appearance comparisons, was partially
Overall 3.16 Moderate
supported. Michael and Agus (2020) found a
Note: 1 - Body image satisfaction; 2 - significant association between body image and
Appearance maintenance behaviors; 3 - self-esteem among female students, indicating a
Response to external criticism and social potential impact on mental health. Arora and
pressure; 4 - Body modification preferences and Joseph (2017) similarly highlighted the
attitudes. importance of body image perception,
particularly in relation to BMI. Toselli et al.
(2023) further emphasized the role of gender,
As shown in Table 2, the level of perceived body
weight status, and physical activity in shaping
image of senior high school students in selected
body image perception. Evangelista et al. (2016)
schools in Davao City. Body Image satisfaction
identified a prevalence of body image
and appearance maintenance behaviors show
dissatisfaction, particularly among girls, those
high levels with a mean of 3.69 and 3.59
with higher weight, and those experiencing
respectively. This suggests that students tend to
negative emotions.
feel positive about their bodies and have high
engagement in behaviors aimed at maintaining Table 3 shows the level of self-esteem of senior
appearance. Response to external criticism and high school students in selected schools in
social pressure; and body modification Davao City. The instrument has 20 items with
preferences and attitudes both show moderate three indicators namely: Personal self-esteem,
level with a mean of 2.73 and 2.62 respectively. Social self-esteem, and Appearance self-esteem.
These findings collectively reflect a balanced
perspective, wherein students are moderately
responsive to external pressures related to body
image and also exhibit a moderate level of

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 Table 3. Summary of the Level of Self- The influence of age and social context on self-
Esteem of Senior High School Students esteem has also been explored, with first year
in Selected Schools in Davao City college students found to have higher self-
Indicator Mean Description esteem than their senior high school
Personal self-esteem 3.45 High counterparts (Fabella, 2019). This aligns with
Social self- esteem 3.63 High earlier research indicating that self-esteem
Appearance self-esteem 3.46 High generally increases with age during adolescence
Overall 3.51 High and early adulthood as individuals gain more
social experience and autonomy (Robins &
Table 3 shows the level of self-esteem of senior Trzesniewski, 2005; Orth & Luciano, 2018).
high school students in selected schools in Moreover, the transition to college often
Davao City. Personal self-esteem, social self- provides new opportunities for self-discovery
esteem, and appearance self-esteem all yielded to and achievement, which can enhance self-esteem
high level with a mean of 3.45, 3.63, and 3.46, (Chung et al., 2014). The study of Rosemond &
respectively. The overall mean score of 3.51 Owens (2018), supports that the college
reflects a high level of self-esteem across all environment itself plays a crucial role in
measured indicators. This indicates that senior fostering personal growth. The transition to this
high school students in the selected schools in new setting encourages students to engage in
Davao City generally possess a positive and self-exploration and identity development,
confident sense of self in various aspects of their enhancing their overall self-esteem.
lives, including personal, social, and appearance-
related domains.

Figure 2. Test of Relationship between Social Media Use and Perceived Body Image
among Senior High School Students in Selected Schools in Davao City

Pearson product-moment correlation was .439**, n = 100, p = .000 < 0.05], Entertainment
computed to assess the relationship between [r = .174, n = 100, p = .084 > 0.05], and overall
social media use and perceived body image SM use [r = .385** n = 100, p = .000 < 0.05]).
among senior high school students in selected The results suggest that socialization-related and
schools in Davao City. informativeness-related social media use are
It was found that there is a significant moderately correlated with perceived body
relationship between social media use and its image among senior high school students, while
other indicators, and perceived body image academic-related and overall social media use
except for one. (Academic [r = .214*, n = 100, have weaker correlations. Entertainment-related
p = .033 < 0.05], Socialization [r = .423**, n = social media use, however, does not appear to be
100, p = .000 < 0.05], Informativeness [r =

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significantly associated with perceived body observed in college students who analyzed and
image. reframed fashion advertisements. Nezlek (1999)
found that self-perceptions of body and social
Media analysis has been shown to change
attractiveness were positively related to the
attitudes towards body image (Rabak-Wagener
intimacy experienced in social interactions.
et al., 1998), with a significant change in beliefs

Figure 3. Test of Relationship between Social Media Use and Self-Esteem

among Senior High School Students in Selected Schools in Davao City

Pearson product-moment correlation was Köse and Dogan (2019) found a moderate
computed to assess the relationship between negative correlation between social media
social media use and self-esteem among senior addiction and self-esteem, with higher addiction
high school students in selected schools in levels among those with more Instagram
Davao City. followers. Similarly, Hawi and Samaha (2017)
reported a negative association between
It was found that there is a significant
addictive social media use and self-esteem, with
relationship between social media use and all its
self-esteem mediating the effect of addiction on
indicators, and self-esteem. (Academic [r =
life satisfaction. These findings are consistent
.351*, n = 100, p = .000 < 0.05], Socialization [r
with other research indicating that excessive
= .483**, n = 100, p = .000 < 0.05],
social media use can negatively impact self-
Entertainment [r = .362**, n = 100, p = .000 <
esteem by promoting unhealthy comparisons
0.05] and Informativeness [r = .559**, n = 100,
and reducing face-to-face interactions
p = .000 < 0.05],], and overall SM use [r = .548**
(Andreassen et al., 2017; Kross et al., 2013)."
n = 100, p = .000 < 0.05]).
This align with Social Comparison Theory,
The results suggest that social media use, particularly in aspects like Socialization and
whether it be academic-related, socialization- Informativeness, and perceived body image
related, entertainment-related, or informative, is suggest that students may engage in upward or
positively correlated with self-esteem among downward social comparisons regarding their
senior high school students. These findings appearance, leading to changes in their body
indicate that different aspects of social media use image perceptions.
can influence students' self-esteem, with
socialization and informativeness showing
particularly strong associations.

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 Figure 4. Regression Analysis on the Influence of Social Media Use to the Perceived Body
Image of Senior High School Students in Selected Schools in Davao City

As shown in the table above, the results of the The significant predictors of perceived body
regression indicated that the predictors image and self-esteem, such as Socialization and
explained 24.9% of the variance [R2= .249, F Informativeness, highlight how students seek
(4,95) = 7.895, p = .000b]. It was found out that gratification from social media interactions and
Socialization (β = .242, p = .009 < .05) informative content, which in turn influence
significantly predicted perceived body image their perceptions of themselves and their overall
among the respondents. In the same manner, self-esteem. Vincente-Benito and Ramirez-
Informativeness (β = .210, p = .004 < .05) Duran (2023); Nierengarten (2017) further
significantly predicted perceived body image support these findings, with Vincente-Benito
among the respondents. noting the negative impact of social media on
The regression analysis unveiled that body image and well-being, and Nierengarten
emphasizing the potential for visually oriented
socialization and informativeness significantly
platforms to have a detrimental effect.
predict perceived body image among senior high
According to Tiggemann and Slater (2014),
school students, collectively explaining 24.9% of
exposure to idealized images on social media can
the variance. Socialization via social media and
lead to body dissatisfaction, especially among
informativeness emerged as critical factors, with
young women. This dissatisfaction stems from
regression coefficients indicating that for every
the constant comparison to unrealistic body
unit increase in socialization, there is an
standards presented online. Several mechanisms
approximate .242-unit increase in perceived
explain how social media affects body image.
body image. For every unit increase in
Social comparison theory posits that individuals
informativeness, there is an approximate .210-
compare themselves to others who appear more
unit increase. These findings emphasize the
attractive, leading to negative self-evaluations
critical role of social media interactions and
(Festinger, 1954). Furthermore, the portrayal of
information consumption in shaping adolescent
idealized bodies through filters and editing tools
body image perceptions. Such insights highlight
can exacerbate these comparisons, making the
the importance of considering both the quantity
standards even more unattainable (Perloff,
and quality of social media engagement when
2014).
addressing body image concerns among youth.

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 Figure 5. Regression Analysis on the Influence of Social Media Use to the Self-Esteem
of Senior High School Students in Selected Schools in Davao City

As shown in the table above, the results of the promoting healthier self-esteem levels among
regression indicated that the predictors high school students.
explained 35.6% of the variance [R2= .356, F
Ma (2022) found that the type of online activity,
(4,95) = 13.150, p = .000b]. It was found out that particularly social interaction, can influence self-
Socialization (β = .170, p = .049 < .05)
esteem, with females reporting higher levels.
significantly predicted self-esteem among the However, Muigai (2020) and Stenly (2017) both
respondents. In the same manner,
found no significant relationship between social
Informativeness (β = .256, p = .000 < .05) media interaction and self-esteem. Valkenburg et
significantly predicted self-esteem among the
al. (2006) found that the type and quality of
senior high school students. interactions on social media platforms
The predictors, collectively, accounted for a significantly affect adolescents' self-esteem.
substantial portion of the variance in self- Positive interactions and feedback can enhance
esteem, with an R-squared value of .356, self-esteem, while negative experiences can lead
indicating that 35.6% of the variation in self- to its decline. Studies indicate that social media
esteem scores can be attributed to the variables platforms can serve as important venues for
under consideration and among these predictors, social interaction, providing opportunities for
socialization, and informativeness emerged as users to receive social support and validation
significant contributors to self-esteem. The (Ellison et al., 2007). It has been shown that
regression coefficients demonstrate that consuming informative and educational content
socialization through social media, represented can positively influence self-esteem by providing
by a β coefficient of .170, and informativeness, individuals with knowledge and a sense of
with a β coefficient of .256, have notable impacts competence (Park & Lee, 2014). Metzger et al.
on self-esteem. Specifically, for every unit (2010), who argue that exposure to informative
increase in socialization, there is an approximate content on social media enhances self-efficacy
.170-unit increase in self-esteem, while a one- and self-esteem. Additionally, media literacy
unit increase in informativeness corresponds to programs can equip students with the skills to
a substantial .256-unit increase in self-esteem navigate social media effectively, discerning
among respondents. These findings highlight the between valuable information and potentially
influence of social media interactions and the harmful content (Livingstone, 2014).
quality of information consumed in shaping
adolescents' self-esteem. It suggests that
fostering positive social interactions and access
to informative content may be instrumental in

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Summary All indicators received high mean scores,
resulting in an overall mean of high.
The researchers wanted to determine the
influence of social media use to the perceived The relationship between social media use and
body image and self-esteem of respondents of perceived body image was analyzed using
this study. The researchers included academic, Pearson correlation. Significant correlations
socialization, entertainment, and were found between perceived body image and
informativeness as social media use indicators. the Academic, Socialization, and
Informativeness aspects of social media use,
For the research design, the researchers utilized whereas Entertainment showed no significant
quantitative research by means of descriptive- correlation. Overall social media use was
correlational design. Further, the researchers significantly correlated with perceived body
utilized adapted and modified survey image.
questionnaires as the tool used in gathering the
necessary data. The respondents were senior The results of the regression indicated that
high school students enrolled in the Academic Socialization and informativeness significantly
Year 2023-2024 in Davao City. There was a total predicted perceived body image among the
of 100 respondents for this study. To analyze the respondents. Additionally, it was found out that
data, the researchers used descriptive statistics Socialization and Informativeness also
which includes the mean and standard deviation significantly predicted self-esteem among the
to determine the levels of social media use, senior high school students.
perceived body image, and self-esteem and its
indicators. Pearson product-moment Conclusions
correlation coefficient and multiple linear
regression were used to determine the This study aimed to discover the influence of
relationship and influence of the variables in this social media use on body image and self-esteem
study. among senior high students in Davao City. The
focus was to determine the level of social media
With this, the results of the study are as follows:
use and its indicators, the level of perceived body
The data illustrates the extent of social media use image and its indicators, the level of self-esteem
among senior high school students in Davao and its indicators, the relationship between social
City, divided into categories such as Academic, media use and the outcome variables body image
Socialization, Entertainment, and and self-esteem, as well as determine if social
Informativeness. All categories scored highly on media use significantly influence perceived body
average. image and self-esteem among senior high
The perceived body image among senior high students in Davao City.
school students in Davao City encompasses The data illustrates the extent of social media use
aspects like Body Image Satisfaction, among senior high school students in Davao
Appearance Maintenance Behaviors, Response City, divided into categories such as Academic,
to External Criticism and Social Pressure, and Socialization, Entertainment, and
Body Modification Preferences and Attitudes. Informativeness. All categories scored highly on
Body Image Satisfaction and Appearance average. This high level of social media
Maintenance Behaviors both have high scores, engagement suggests that these platforms play a
whereas Response to External Criticism and crucial role in various aspects of students' lives,
Body Modification Preferences are at moderate fulfilling their academic, social, entertainment,
levels. The overall mean score indicates a and informational needs.
moderate perception of body image.
The perceived body image among senior high
The self-esteem levels of senior high school school students in Davao City encompasses
students in Davao City were examined across aspects like Body Image Satisfaction,
Personal, Social, and Appearance self-esteem. Appearance Maintenance Behaviors, Response

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to External Criticism and Social Pressure, and Recommendations
Body Modification Preferences and Attitudes.
Body Image Satisfaction and Appearance Administrators in school may develop
Maintenance Behaviors both have high scores, educational programs to increase awareness
whereas Response to External Criticism and about social media's impact. Foster a supportive
Body Modification Preferences are at moderate school culture that values individual differences
levels. The overall mean score indicates a and offers counseling services.
moderate perception of body image, suggesting Teachers can integrate media literacy into the
that while students generally feel positive about curriculum and promote discussions on body
their bodies, they still face challenges related to positivity. Encourage critical thinking about
external pressures and body modification media messages and celebrate diversity in the
desires. classroom.
The self-esteem levels of senior high school Senior high school students can practice mindful
students in Davao City were examined across social media use by limiting exposure to negative
Personal, Social, and Appearance self-esteem. content and focusing on personal strengths.
All indicators received high mean scores, Engage in activities outside of social media to
resulting in an overall mean of high. This build self-esteem.
indicates that students possess a positive and
For future researchers to conduct longitudinal
confident sense of self across different domains,
studies to explore long-term effects. Investigate
reflecting their overall well-being and self-
intervention strategies to mitigate negative
assurance.
impacts and promote media literacy and
The relationship between social media use and resilience among adolescents.
perceived body image was analyzed using
Pearson correlation. Significant correlations
were found between perceived body image and References
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correlation. Overall social media use was
Education at Kuwait University. Contemporary
significantly correlated with perceived body
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