1

E
DESTINATIONS

PL
M
SA
EE
1 2 3

SPEAK Look at the photos and read

FR
2 Read the text. Which of the five ideas for
a staycation appeals to you the most?
the definition. Answer the questions.
1 DISCOVER YOUR OWN CITY You’ve seen the sights of
• Which of the photos illustrates the meaning London and Paris, and last year you soaked up the atmosphere
of ‘staycation’ best? in Rome. Now take some time to wander around your own city
• Which of the pictures would be suitable for the social and discover its tourist attractions for yourself.
media post below? 2 GET A PART-TIME JOB While most young people are
I hope the weather is good tomorrow for my trip to Puerto visiting popular resorts with their families, hunting for
Backyarda. I’m getting tired of Los Livingroom. souvenirs or spending vast sums on eating out, summer’s
• Which of the photos would you like to post on your wall? a great time to get a job in a shop or café and earn some money.
E

Why? What would you write? 3 EXPLORE BY BIKE Are you tired of struggling with public
transport? You’ve tried getting around on foot, but it takes
forever? Why not rent a bike? It’s easily the best way to get to
PL

different places.
staycation /steɪˈkeiʃ(ə)n/ noun [C] a holiday
4 VISIT A THEME PARK Going to a local theme park
spent in your home country or at home, visiting
is a great way to get your adrenaline pumping. It really doesn’t
local attractions; a combination of two words:
matter if you run into people you already know. You can hang
stay + vacation
out together!
M

5 LEARN A NEW SKILL Have you ever dreamed of going

1 Match the words from box A to the words scuba diving, but the cost doesn’t fit your budget? Check your
from box B to make phrases connected with local swimming pool, where you might be able to learn for
travelling. Which of them could describe half the price!
SA

a staycation?

A backpacking city do go guest must-see 3 KEY WORDS Match some of the highlighted
pack sleeping phrases from exercise 2 to definitions 1–8.
1 looking for something to take home to remind you
B bag break holiday house light places of your holiday
sightseeing some trekking 2 meet by accident
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3 make your heart beat faster and give you more energy
4 get a real feel for a place
5 going to places where lots of people spend their
holidays
holiday vacation 6 paying lots of money
7 walk without a fixed destination
FR

8 costs more money than you have

6 UNIT 1
 1.1

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Vocabulary 1
Experiences • Holiday activities • Travel collocations

PL
4 Complete the sentences with the correct WATCH OUT Collocations
forms of some of the highlighted phrases from
Collocations are groups of words that usually go
exercise 2.
together. When you learn new words, write down
1 Do you like these earrings? I bought them when

M
the words with which they form collocations, e.g.
I was to take home from Morocco. space/foreign travel, travel costs/arrangements.
2 Sheffield is a fabulous city to visit. It’s easy to get
around , and if you have further to go,
7 Translate into English. Use the highlighted

SA
you can always .
3 We go to the same ski resort every year, so we usually collocations from exercise 6.
people we know from previous visits. 1 In the background, I (widzę
4 People don’t visit my city to discover its ośnieżone szczyty) of the Tatra mountains.
, but it has an interesting historical 2 I dream of (spacerowaniu poprzez
centre to , nevertheless. kręte uliczki) of Lisbon.
5 You don’t need to of money 3 (Chodźmy na pchli targ) tomorrow
morning.

EE
on souvenirs. Do something to instead,
like a bungee jump or a water slide. 4 I still remember (ten zapierający
6 We visited Cannes and of the French dech w piersiach widok) from the top floor.
Riviera. 5 Sometimes at sunset I (podziwiam
7 When people , such as Valencia panoramę miasta na tle nieba).
or Barcelona, they often local 6 We go there every year, mainly

5 1.03
, such as PortAventura.

Listen to some travel tips

FR 8
(ze względu na oszałamiającą scenerię).

SPEAK Answer the questions.

and complete the notes. 1 Think about your friends and family.
Who would you recommend a staycation to? Why?
• stay away from 1 – 2 Think of two drawbacks of spending holidays
they cost 2 at home and suggest two solutions.

• hunt for 3 to pay 9 SPEAK Look at the video still and answer
less for tickets to various the questions.
attractions, such as
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• save money on 5 –
to fit a tight budget, find
PL

something in the suburbs

and 6 to get
to the centre
M

6 KEY WORDS Read the WATCH OUT box. Then

match the underlined words in the highlighted
collocations with the words from the box that
form collocations with a similar meaning. 1 In which European capital city was the picture
SA

taken? Does it make you want to visit it?

alleys dramatic empty mountains place 2 If you were on a trip to this place, would it be
second-hand sight urban a good photo to post on social media?
Why/Why not?
Travel competition
Do you dream of escaping to a 1 deserted beach in some FAST FINISHERS
2
remote destination on the other side of the world to see Make an itinerary for a five-day staycation.
the 3 breathtaking view of crystal clear waters stretching
EE

Use the names of places in the house and your

beyond the horizon? Or perhaps you prefer to feel thrilled imagination. If you find it difficult to make up
by the 4 stunning scenery of 5 snowy peaks? You could the names, look them up online.
even choose to see the 6 city skyline of New York, I’m starting my holiday on Monday morning in Los Bedos.
the 7 winding streets of a Portuguese village or a 8 flea Then, in the afternoon, I’m planning a short visit to Santa
market in London. It’s your choice! Enter the competition Kitchena …
FR

today and you could win the trip of a lifetime! May your
dreams come true.

UNIT 1 7
 1.2

E
Grammar 1
Past tenses: past simple, past continuous, past perfect

PL
1 Finish the sentences to make them true for you. 5 Complete the sentences with the correct
1 The best holiday I’ve ever had was … forms of the verbs in brackets. There may be more
2 My worst holiday adventure took place … than one correct answer.
1 I was surprised that the hostel was so cheap –

M
3 When I was a child, my holiday was usually …
I (never / stay) in one before.
2 Read the text and choose the correct options. 2 Emily (not live) there very long.
1 Paris was better / worse than Meg had expected. She (move out) after two years.

SA
2 She saw an actress in a museum / bakery. 3 To be honest, we missed the train because we
(oversleep).
Hi, Mary Ann, 4 I heard you’ve been to Scotland. How
I’ve just got back from Paris! (be) the trip?
Everything was gorgeous. a I only spent four days there, 5 (you / live) in Milan when you
but I totally fell in love with the city. To be honest, (meet) Giovanni?
b
I’d imagined Paris to be completely different – 6 Sorry, can you say that again? I (listen).

EE
I thought it was noisy and dirty. But it’s a magical 6 Complete the second sentence so that
place, and you never know how it will surprise you. it means the same as the first one. Use the words
On my last day, for example, when c I was having in capitals.
a freshly baked croissant in a boulangerie, d I saw 1 He went to Fiji. It was his first time abroad. BEEN
Emma Watson! e I’d never seen anyone famous before! He abroad until he went to Fiji.
Anyway, f I went to lots of museums and simply soaked
up the atmosphere of the city. I’ll tell you more when
we meet.
FR 2 The lights went off in the middle of the film. WERE
We the lights went off.
3 I went to London Bridge. There was a new glass
See you soon! floor. BUILT
Meg Send The last time I went to London Bridge, they
a new glass floor.
4 We always choose isolated places, but our last
3 Study the grammar table. Complete the table holiday was the first time we were without wi-fi.
with examples a–f from the text in exercise 2. NEVER
Although we always choose isolated places, we
Key Grammar without wi-fi until our last holiday.
E

Past tenses 5 I haven’t been abroad for five years. WENT

When talking about the past, we can use a variety of past tenses. The last time was five years ago.
PL

6 As she entered the classroom, the students were

We use the past simple to talk about a completed action
in the middle of an activity. WERE
at a specific time in the past, e.g. 1 , 2 , 3 . We often
When she entered the classroom, the students
use a time reference.
.
We use the past continuous to talk about an action
in progress at a certain time in the past, e.g. 4 . 7 SPEAK What are your top two dream spots for
M

a city break? Why?

We use the past perfect to talk about a completed past
action before another past action, e.g. 5 , 6 . It is often
used with the past simple. Two mothers and two daughters were
SA

fishing. They managed to catch one

Grammar Reference 20 Irregular verbs 158–159 small fish, one big fish and one medium
fish. How come each woman took one
fish home if they had only caught three?
4 Choose the correct options.
1 Did you know / Had you known that Mount Everest
grew / was growing four millimetres last year? FAST FINISHERS
2 The world’s first underground railway was / had Write three sentences about your last holiday
EE

been in London. It was opening / opened in 1863. or day out. Use a different past tense in each.
3 According to the Eco-counter Worldwide Cycling
Index, bike usage in Poland was increasing / 5 Ferries had crossed / were crossing the River Mersey
increased by ten percent in 2019. over eight hundred years ago.
4 In 1900, there were / had been eight thousand 6 Sixty-six years after the Wright brothers had made /
FR

cars in the USA. One hundred years later, people were making their first flight, Apollo 11 landed
in the USA owned / were owning 220 million cars. on the Moon.
8 UNIT 1
 1.3

E
Speaking
Making a complaint

PL
1 SPEAK Describe the photos and answer Key Phrases
the questions. Making a complaint
1 Which of the problems is the worst? Why? Talking about a problem

M
2 How would you deal with each problem? It all started when/after …
It was going fine / I’d never had any problems until …
1
I seem/appear to have lost/forgotten/broken …

SA
Every time I try to …, it …
Perhaps there’s a problem / something wrong with …
I haven’t (got) a clue.
What happens is … / The trouble is …
It’s a recurring problem.
Suggesting a solution
Have you tried … + -ing?

EE
2 It might be a good idea to …
… would be the best option for you.
Accepting or rejecting a solution
It’s worth a try/go, I suppose.
FR I doubt it’ll/that’ll work/help, but let’s see.
No, that doesn’t/didn’t make any difference.
Expressing annoyance
It’s really frustrating.
What are we supposed to do now?
3 Why on earth did/didn’t you …?
How should I know?
You should have checked/asked first.

4 1.05 Complete the mini-dialogues with

the correct forms of the words in brackets. Add
E

any other necessary words. Then listen and check.

1 X: What’s wrong?
PL

Y: I can’t pay for the tickets. I

(seem / forget) my bank login.
2 1.04 Listen to a conversation. Which situation 2 X: The shower is broken – there is water all over
from exercise 1 does it refer to? What solution the floor. What do I do?
is suggested? Y: (how / know)?
Call the reception desk!
M

3 1.04 Listen again and complete 3 X: Have you tried resetting the phone?
the sentences from the conversation in exercise 2 Y: Yes, but it (difference).
with the missing words. Then study the Key 4 X: Why don’t you just ask for a lift to the next
Phrases box and check your answers.
SA

petrol station?
1 The luggage locker is broken. Our bags are inside, Y: I (doubt / help).
and we can’t open it. our train
is leaving in thirty minutes. It’s really frustrating. 5 SPEAK Choose one of the problems shown
2 I got a notification that the locker had been in photos 1–2 in exercise 1. Student A, describe
blocked because the payment was unsuccessful. the problem and express your annoyance.
So, I paid again, but the locker is still blocked. Student B, offer a solution. Then change roles
What now? and talk about the problem in the other photo.
EE

3 Have you tried making another payment?

with your app? 6 SPEAK Role-play the dialogue using
the Key Phrases. Student A, look at page 157.
4 It’s , I suppose.
Student B, look at page 160.
5 Anyway, if the payment doesn’t help, come back
and I’ll tell you where to look for a repairman. FAST FINISHERS
FR

He will help you break the lock – it would

. Name the three biggest problems you have ever
had on holiday. How did you deal with them?
UNIT 1 9
 1.4

E
Reading
An article about working and studying abroad

PL
1 SPEAK Why do some people dislike travelling? 6 KEY WORDS Read the WATCH OUT | SKILLS
Name three reasons. box and match the highlighted words and phrases
from the text to definitions 1–8.
2 1.06 Listen and answer the questions. 1 get more opportunities and choices

M
1 How do Emily and Molly feel about travelling? 2 get more abilities
2 Which of them do you agree with? 3 a situation or a place in which you feel relaxed
3 What kind of travelling do you like and dislike? 4 putting someone’s name on the official list

SA
of participants
3 1.07 Read the text on page 11 and choose 5 tested someone’s skills and abilities
the correct options. 6 make stronger
1 In general, the experience of studying or working 7 do something risky
abroad may improve your employment prospects / 8 improving
language skills.
2 Harvey really wanted to stay away from / explore WATCH OUT | SKILLS Guessing the meaning
the tourist sites in Italy. of words

EE
3 Clare needed a university degree / special training If you don’t know what a word means, use the context
before going to Thailand. to help you guess the meaning:
4 The work which Ethan did benefitted people / • Identify what part of speech the word is by looking
animals in South Africa. at the words before and after it.
• Look at the rest of the sentence and paragraph for
4 Read the article again and match sentences
1–5 to paragraphs A–D. One paragraph matches
two sentences.
FR clues, and try to think of synonyms for the word.

Which paragraph 7 Complete the sentences with the correct

1 talks about wanting to help other people? forms of the words and phrases from exercise 6.
2 describes how someone acquired some further 1 Volunteering for Greenpeace in the summer was
qualifications? not only a(n) experience, but it also
3 mentions someone feeling uncomfortable? my CV.
4 says that it’s possible to make a difference 2 After not being enough in my computer
to your job qualifications while studying or working studies classes, I in an extra IT course.
abroad? 3 If you’d like to be pushed out of your
E

5 suggests the person didn’t realise what they’d and across Asia with me, get in touch!
learnt until they were back home? 4 After a year on a cruise ship, Marcus
a lot of new skills and his horizons.
5
PL

Complete the summary of the article

with up to three words in each gap. 8 Answer the questions.
1 Which of the trips presented in the article
would be the most suitable for you? Why?
2 What potential problems might people who travel
M

this way experience?

3 What piece of advice might Harvey, Ethan
and Clare give to those who plan similar journeys?
The article presents testimonials of young
SA

people who 1 to study or work FAST FINISHERS

there for a longer period of time. The main Imagine you could travel abroad and work
reason why people decide to do so is that anywhere you can dream of. What would you do?
2
those who undergo such an Think about the place, the kind of job and the
experience get better jobs in a relatively shorter potential benefits.
time. There is a whole array of activities you may
do. One boy, for example, attended
EE

3
in Italy, and a girl taught English Find a website that offers study or work
in Thailand for 4 . One more programmes in different countries.
testimonial comes from a boy who was able • What type of programmes do they offer?
to help others by doing 5 • Which programme do you think is the most
somewhere in South Africa. interesting?
FR

10 UNIT 1
 E
PL
M
TRAVEL ABROAD, DISCOVER MORE

SA
A There is no doubt that travelling overseas can be an enriching experience. First, you get to travel, broaden your
horizons and experience other cultures or learn various languages. A programme that gives you the chance to study
or work abroad helps you to gain independence and learn new things while getting more experience in a totally
different environment. This will strengthen your CV and, as many students find, could help you to launch your

EE
5 future professional career. Ninety-seven percent of students who study abroad find a job within twelve months of

graduating, and eighty-five percent of them agree that the experience helped them gain skills for the job market*.
But don’t just take our word for it – read these statements from former participants.

B I’d always dreamed of going to Italy, but I was determined to avoid the really
touristy destinations, so I ended up in Pavia for a year. Being part of a small
FR
10 group of foreign students I’d never met before encouraged me to go out and

explore on my own. It pushed me out of my comfort zone, and I was constantly

being challenged. I was forced to make my own decisions and to find out things
for myself. I used to venture out alone and quickly made friends with several
local students. I’ve done my best to keep in touch with them since I came back
15 home. The language classes in particular were hard work, but I’ve realised now

that it’s all paid off. I was watching a film in Italian recently, and I could follow it
Harvey, studied abroad in Italy.
all without subtitles!

C I searched online and I discovered I could put my language studies

E

to good use by enrolling in an English-teaching programme. I started

20 by getting the teaching qualification which the programme offered. It was
PL

an amazing opportunity to learn a new skill while making use of the stuff
I was studying at uni. Then I spent six months in a town near Bangkok.
The contact with the locals was unforgettable, but what I enjoyed most
was travelling around. I made the most of every chance the programme
25 offered to go and see new places.
M

Clare, taught English in Thailand.

D Last summer, I spent a month working on a housing project in a remote South

SA

African community. My idea was to experience a really different country and

to help people. I quickly realised how incredibly blessed I was to have this
opportunity to travel there and to see how willing people can make a huge
30 difference to other people’s communities. My time was mostly taken up with

repairing the fences around the school to keep animals out, and we also did
some jobs around the village, like painting and refurbishing houses. My most
memorable experience was seeing wild animals I’d only ever seen on TV –
EE

I even got to play with elephants!

Ethan, volunteered on a building
project in South Africa.
GLOSSARY
be blessed – mieć szczęście
former participant – były uczestnik
FR

*University of California, 2015 refurbish – odnawiać

UNIT 1 11
 1.5

E
Vocabulary 2
Travel safety • Accidents and emergencies • First aid

PL
1 SPEAK What is the worst thing that has ever 4 KEY WORDS Match some of
happened to you on holiday? the highlighted words and phrases from
exercise 3 to definitions 1–7.
2 Match the words from box A to the words 1 a substance that keeps certain kinds of insects

M
from box B to make phrases. Have you experienced away
any of these problems? Which of them would be
2 an illness in which you pass waste from your
the worst to happen on holiday?
body too often

SA
A 3 pay money to get coverage for risks connected
car  ​crowded  ​heavy  ​lost  ​plaster  upset with travelling
4 a device used to pull out a kind of insect that
B
accident  ​beach  ​cast  ​stomach  ​ticket  ​traffic is stuck in the skin
5 became covered in small red spots on the skin
as a result of illness or allergy
3 Read the texts about travel accidents and answer
the questions. 6 minor accidents on holiday

EE
7 a small box with some basic things you might
1 Which of the accidents and emergencies was the most
need to treat someone’s injuries or illness
problematic?
2 What would you do in these situations? 5 KEY WORDS Complete the sentences with
A some of the highlighted words and phrases
Whenever I go on holiday, I take out travel from exercise 3.
insurance in order to be prepared for any
FR
emergency. But three years ago I learnt, quite
painfully, that it’s impossible to foresee all
of the travel mishaps that may happen. We were on
1 Were you
before travelling to Asia?
2 The most
against yellow fever

item I’ve lost while

a boat trip, soaking up the sun and having fun. I had all on holiday was my wedding ring.
my documents and money in a small bag around my neck. 3 I was extremely seasick, and I was
Well, I leaned overboard a bit too much and … splash! during the entire voyage.
I watched my credit cards, cash and, what is worse, 4 You need to carry a medical kit in case of
my passport sink out of sight … I’ve never lost so many .
valuable items at once. It took me a whole week to deal 5 I honestly think that risking your
with it – instead of relaxing, I was stressed out half of my a perfect selfie is insane!
holiday.
E

6 I had to stay in my hotel room due

to the I had after dinner.
B 7 During the pandemic, I got used to carrying
I don’t usually risk safety for good
PL

photographs, but that place was different. to clean my hands regularly.

We were in a national park, and the view was
incredible. So I climbed up a small tree to get
6 1.08 Listen to four people calling their
my perfect photo. I suddenly heard a loud cracking sound
friends who had problems on holiday. Match
and the branch I was sitting on broke. I fell down and got
texts A–C from exercise 3 to voice messages
quite badly injured. One of the hikers who saw it had
1–4. One text matches two messages.
M

a first aid kit with him, and he treated my wounds. 1 2 3 4

Since then, I’ve always taken a basic medical set with me:
two elastic bandages, antiseptic wipes, a tick remover 7 1.09 Which letter is silent in the words
tool and some allergy medicine, just in case. from the box? Listen, check and repeat.
SA

diarrhoea  ​exhausted  ​exhibition  ​ghost  ​heir
C honest  ​vehicle
My best friend and I went to Thailand
and Laos for a month. We thought we
were well prepared for the trip – we got 8 SPEAK Read the instructions and do the task.
vaccinated against certain diseases, we took Student A, look at page 157. Student B, look
some mosquito repellent and packed the first aid kit at page 160.
EE

pretty well. But on the first day in Bangkok, we ordered

some water in the restaurant which wasn’t bottled, and we FAST FINISHERS
ended up with major food poisoning. I had diarrhoea for
Write five sentences about a nightmare
three days and came out in a strange rash, and my friend
holiday you have had.
was vomiting all the time. It was horrible – we even had
to change our travel arrangements.
FR

12 UNIT 1
 1.6

E
Listening
A radio phone-in about good and bad holiday experiences

PL
1 SPEAK Name two things you would 4 SPEAK Describe the photos. How are the people
include in your first aid kit if you went: in each photo risking their health or safety? What could
• scuba diving in Egypt, happen to them?

M
• trekking in Indonesia,
1
• camping in Masuria (Mazury).

2 Read the WATCH OUT box and choose

SA
the correct options.
1 My brother did / made a reservation
on the overnight train.
2 Once I have done / made a decision, I don’t
usually change my mind.
3 Tom did / made his best to keep calm when
his plane landed in Grenada, West Indies, 2

EE
rather than Granada, Spain.
4 Paula’s really outgoing, so she did / made
lots of friends very quickly at her new job.
5 Do / Make me a favour and call the
reception desk.
6 Irene did / made good use of her time in
Greece. She explored a new area every day.

WATCH OUT do vs make

FR
5 1.10 Listen to a radio phone-in about
In collocations with do and make, do often
holiday experiences and complete the table.
focuses on the action itself, whereas make
focuses on the result of the action, e.g. Name Destination Activity
do research, do shopping but make a deal, Rosie 1 zip-lining
make the bed.
Oscar 2 3

3 KEY WORDS Look at sentences 1–6 Jim Philadelphia, USA 4

E

and match the highlighted phrasal verbs to Kiara 5 volunteering

definitions a–f.
Scarlett 6 7
1 Lola and Holly were on a guided tour, but
PL

they couldn’t make out what the guide was

6 1.10 Listen again and match speakers 1–5
saying because there was too much noise.
to statements A–F. There is one extra statement.
2 I believe Logan. I don’t think he’d make up
a story like that. It must be true. 1 Rosie 2 Oscar 3 Jim 4 Kiara 5 Scarlett
3 Their journey to Alaska was incredible.
I wonder if they’ll make it into a film. This person
M

4 They’re planning to do up the backpacker’s A was involved in a traffic accident.

hostel. It’s going to be more modern and B enjoyed an activity so much that he/she did it several
comfortable next time we go. times.
SA

5 Some people want to do away with paper C was satisfied with his/her performance.
tickets altogether and only have e-tickets. D liked the countryside in the place.
6 You look exhausted – a short holiday will E had a friend who was out of action for three days.
do you good. F made someone really annoyed by their actions.

a benefit 7 SPEAK Choose two stories from the radio

b change something so it becomes something phone-in and say what you would do if you were
EE

else in these situations.

c invent, e.g. an explanation or a lie
d see, hear or understand something with FAST FINISHERS
difficulty Make a list of unusual/silly/funny things that can
e get rid of or replace something potentially go wrong on holiday. Search the Internet
f repair, paint and decorate, e.g. a house or if necessary.
FR

room

UNIT 1 13
 1.7

E
Grammar 2
Present and past habits

PL
1 SPEAK Answer the questions. 3 1.11 Listen to a conversation and complete
1 Do you like going on package tours? the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs
2 What is the biggest mistake you have made while from the box. There may be more than one correct
answer.

M
travelling?

2 Read the text and answer the questions. Then be (x2)  ​

book  ​complain  ​tell
study the grammar table and find examples
of some of the rules in the text. 1 Safi’s mum holidays through an agency.

SA
1 What does it mean that the Aboriginal people were 2 Flying more expensive.
‘nomadic’? 3 There any low-cost airlines.
2 In what way were they different from a modern, 4 Passengers while travelling long
western civilisation? distance, for example from Manchester to Paris.
5 Safi’s parents her to send postcards
The most surprising travel when they are on holiday.
experience I’ve had was a trip to

EE
Australia. When I decided to go, 4 Read the post and study the grammar table.
I didn’t realise I’d learn so much Complete the table with examples a–b below.
about the region and the native
Australians. For example – did When I moved to Denmark, a I had to get used to
the Aboriginal people use to own working with their currency, the krone. b I’m used to
Australia? No, because they didn’t working out prices like this: 22 krone = €3. (Sylvia, 21)
believe that any individuals should
own land. These First Australians
used to live a nomadic life. They
FR Key Grammar
would move from place to place be/get used to + -ing form
to avoid using up all the resources When we talk about present and past habits, we can use:
of the land. I also learnt that they be used to + -ing form when something is or was already
used to hunt giant kangaroos and familiar, e.g. I’m not used to travelling with my family. 1
wombats. And they didn’t use to get used to + -ing form when something is or was becoming
have personal possessions. They familiar, e.g. I need to get used to having a roommate. 2
would share all material things.
Their lifestyle was completely
E

different from ours. I really hate 5 Correct the mistakes in the sentences.
the fact that people are always 1 Tom always used taking the bus, but now he’s got
talking about money and shopping. his driving licence.
PL

(Lucas, 19) 2 While Lily was living in Thailand, she had to get
used to eat spicy food.
Key Grammar 3 We’re used to get up early for school now, but we
Present and past habits
still don’t like it!
To describe present habits, we use the present simple, e.g. 4 Jeff’s not at home now because he gets used
M

Every summer, I spend one week at my grandparents’ house. to playing basketball on Fridays.
To describe past habits we use:
6 Translate into English.
• the past simple – when talking about actions/activities
and states, e.g. He lived in Canada when he was younger. 1 Back in the 1990s, we
SA

• used to – when talking about actions/activities and states, (nocowaliśmy) in a tent every summer.
e.g. I used to spend holidays in Croatia. We used to be happier. 2 (Kiedyś nie brałem) allergy
• would – when talking about actions/activities, but not medicine, but now I have to.
states, e.g. She would visit me every weekend. 3 We are exhausted – we
BE CAREFUL: When we refer to the duration of the past (nie jesteśmy przyzwyczajeni do poruszania się)
action/habit or to a particular moment in time, we use around on foot.
the past simple, e.g. I attended tennis classes for a few years.
4 Travelling with my mum, I
EE

To describe annoying present habits, we use the present (przyzwyczaiłem się do polowania) for souvenirs.
continuous with always, e.g. You’re always calling me during
my French classes. 5 Why (zawsze bierzesz) such
To describe annoying past habits, we use the past valuable items with you? It’s unreasonable.
continuous with always, e.g. My younger brother was always
taking my tablet without asking. FAST FINISHERS
FR

Write three sentences about your mum’s or

Grammar Reference 20 Irregular verbs 158–159 dad’s annoying habits that you’ll never get used to.

14 UNIT 1
 1.8

E
Use of English
Grammar and vocabulary practice

PL
1 SPEAK Look at the photos. Which capital cities 5 Complete the text with one word in each
can you see? What do you know about them? gap.

1 2 3 Did you know that Berlin 1 to be two

M
separate cities – East Berlin and West Berlin, with a huge
wall around the western part? If tourists wanted to cross
from West to East, they had to go through the wall

SA
at Checkpoint Charlie. This checkpoint 2
2 Match sentences 1–6 to the sentences a–f in the part of West Berlin controlled by the USA after
which have the same meaning. World War II. On the night of 9 November 1989,
1 We no longer buy extra train tickets for our dogs. as thousands of East Berliners 3 waiting
2 I’m not used to travelling to far-away places. to cross to the West, something they 4
not
3 We couldn’t hear her speech very clearly. been allowed to do for over forty years, the order finally
4 I soon realised the trip didn’t fit my tight budget. arrived to open the checkpoint and let people through.

EE
5 The electricity went off during her speech.
5
the crowd was streaming through
6 It annoys me when you spend such vast sums. from East to West, people all over the world watched
the historic moment on TV. Germany was reunified
a We couldn’t make out what she was saying.
the following year,
b We used to pay more when travelling with pets.
and the original
c There was a power cut while she was speaking. guardhouse where
d
e
f
FR
It turned out that I had spent too much on the trip.
I haven’t got used to visiting remote destinations.
You’re always spending so much money.
people 6
cross at Checkpoint
Charlie is now
3 Complete the second sentence so that a museum.
it means the same as the first one.
1 I can’t stand it when Lou talks about his bike.
6 Complete the sentences with the correct
Lou is his bike.
forms of the words in brackets.
2 I went into the room, but nobody was there.
1 I (always / take) travel insurance,
When I entered already left.
and I can’t imagine going on a journey without it.
3 I still have problems with driving on the right.
E

2 We (not use / spend) such vast

I’m driving on the right. sums of money on hotels because we wanted
4 You called after we decided to enter the programme. to travel cheaply.
PL

We had made in the programme 3 Did you (use / get / vaccinate)

long before you called. regularly when you were a child?
5 It was rather annoying that Ann volunteered 4 Before we set off, I really (feel /
all the time when we were in high school. I / prepare) for any emergency.
Ann we were in high school. 5 Teachers (always / push) us to do
6 I reserved the beach house during our chat.
M

more than we are actually able to.

While we a reservation for 6 I admit it hurt a lot when the doctor
the beach house. (treat / wound).
7 When I arrived, it turned out that Tom
4
SA

Complete the sentences with the words from (not / come out) his room for days.
the box. There is one extra word.
7 SPEAK Answer the questions.
do  ​doing  ​had  ​making  ​used  ​was  ​would
1 What would make you wiser – travelling around
the world or reading a few thousand books? Why?
1 The authorities should away with
traffic in the city centre. 2 Is it better to travel or to get to the destination?
Why?
2 Somebody took the suitcase when none of us
EE

looking. 3 In what way(s) is travel education? Why?

3 She is always up stories to cover her
FAST FINISHERS
mistakes, so I don’t trust her.
4 My parents and I go to the same beach Imagine you are in the year 2050. Write sentences
house every single summer. about:
• what your city/town used to look like,
FR

5 I’m not to renting bikes.

• what your teachers were always doing,
6 After I got used to commuting, I began
• something you got used to as an adult.
to appreciate urban life.
UNIT 1 15
 1.9

E
Writing
A formal letter of complaint

PL
Dear Sir/Madam, A
I am writing to complain about a coach journey

M
operated by your company. I travelled to Lyon
on one of your coaches, and I was extremely
dissatisfied with the cleanliness standards
on the vehicle, which fell short of our

SA
expectations.
The journey took place on 21 April. The first
thing we noticed while we were waiting B
at the station was that the coach had
not been washed before the trip – it was
covered in mud and dirt. As soon as we got
on the coach, we realised that the vehicle

EE
was equally dirty inside. Nobody had emptied
the rubbish bins or cleaned the floor. As if that C
was not enough, the on-board toilet had not
been prepared for the journey and it was giving
off an unpleasant smell during the entire trip. Key Phrases
We were not the only ones who were unhappy A formal letter of complaint
with the standards, but the driver ignored
all of our requests to address the issue
of the appalling odour. When we arrived
FR Making complaints
I am writing to complain about …
I would like to express my strong dissatisfaction with …
at our destination, he did not even apologise.
I would appreciate it if the matter was resolved I am quite dissatisfied with …, which falls/fell short of
as soon as possible. First of all, the coach should my/our expectations.
be either put out of service or properly cleaned I am afraid I have several complaints about …
so that the situation is not repeated on our way We were very disappointed with …
back. Moreover, due to this inconvenience, To make matters/the matter worse, …
I believe the fares we paid should be refunded. As if that was/were not enough, …
I am waiting for a prompt reply. We were not the only ones who were unhappy with …
E

Yours faithfully, The manager refused to listen to our concerns.

Graham Jones Demanding action
Firstly, I would appreciate it if (you provided me with
PL

a full explanation).
In this situation, I expect an apology.
1 SPEAK Answer the questions. I expect to see this problem resolved as soon as possible.
Have you ever Secondly, I believe that due to this inconvenience
• filed a written complaint? the payments should be refunded.
M

• got a refund? I would be most grateful for your support in resolving

• been given very poor service? this urgent issue.
• received a formal apology? Reporting events
By the time I/we …,
SA

2 Read the letter and answer the questions. As soon as I/we …,

1 Which photograph shows the situation described It was not long before …
in the email?
It was then that I realised …
2 What would you do in such a situation?
At first I was (scared), but …
3 What should the coach company do?
It felt like / It was like …
3 Read the letter again and tick what the author Eventually, / In the end, …
EE

writes about. The worst part was that …

a what he didn’t like about the journey
It is hard to believe, but then …
b how the situation was handled
When we got there, we …
c other people’s complaints
We were on our way back when …
d the amount of refund he had received
FR

e his expectations towards the company It was a terrible experience.

f the return back home What I remember most is …

16 UNIT 1
 E
PL
4 Study the Key Phrases box on page 16 8 Do the writing task. Follow the steps
and complete the sentences. in the Writing Planner.
1 I would be if you could resolve Podczas wakacyjnego kursu językowego w Londynie
the problem with the lift immediately. wybrałeś się / wybrałaś się na dwudniową wycieczkę

M
2 The least I expect is a(n) from do Oksfordu, która okazała się ogromnym
the receptionist for her rude behaviour. rozczarowaniem. Napisz do organizatora wyjazdu list
formalny z zażaleniem na 200–250 słów, opisując
3 I would it if you contacted me

SA
problemy, jakie Cię spotkały podczas wycieczki, oraz
directly.
domagając się odpowiedniego zadośćuczynienia.
4 I am writing to express my strong
with the condition of my hotel room.
5 To make matters , the train was
one hour late.
6 As if this was not , the Internet
connection was very poor.

EE
7 The way you treat your guests falls
of expectations.

5 Look at photos A and C in exercise 2. For each

of them, write one sentence making a complaint
and one describing your demand. Use the Key
Phrases.

6 The writer uses different narrative tenses

FR THINK
WRITING PLANNER
and linking words of time and sequence to make Make a list of the problems that occurred during
the order of the events in the story clear. Find the trip (delayed departure, poor accommodation,
the following in the text. terrible food, etc.).
1 examples of the past simple PREPARE
2 examples of the past continuous Organise your notes into four paragraphs:
3 examples of the past perfect 1 opening greeting and reason for writing,
4 linking words of time and sequence 2 reporting what happened, explaining the problems,
3 further details about the problems and your
E

7 Read the WATCH OUT box and choose the correct expectations,
options. 4 concluding phrase and closing greeting.
PL

1 We went down to the pool afterwards / once we WRITE

had checked in to the hotel. Write your letter. Use your notes and the Key
2 The bus left meanwhile / while we were having Phrases. Remember to use formal language
breakfast. and the correct phrases to start and end your letter.
3 As soon as / By the time we found out where she CHECK
was, we took our bikes to go and meet her. Read your letter and answer the questions:
M

4 My friends had already left by the time / as – Have you included and developed both parts
I arrived. of the instructions?
5 The two men went upstairs and after / then we – Is your text within the word limit (200–250 words)?
SA

heard lots of shouting. – Have you checked your letter for spelling mistakes?
6 As / At first we were getting off the bus, Karim
slipped and fell over.
7 The train was leaving in an hour’s time. During / FAST FINISHERS
Meanwhile, we went to get something to drink. How do you imagine the holiday of your worst
nightmare? Write four sentences about the worst
WATCH OUT Linking words of time and sequence things that might happen to you while travelling.
EE

We use linking words and phrases of time

and sequence to order events in a narrative, e.g.
when, at first, as, by the time, then, after that,
afterwards, during, while, once, as soon as, meanwhile. Think of some unusual or ridiculous travel
complaints. If necessary, look for real-life
examples on the Internet.
FR

UNIT 1 17
 1.10

E
Revision

PL
VOCABULARY 4 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
1 Complete the sentences with the correct forms. Use each of these forms once: past simple,
words. Some letters are given. past continuous, past perfect, would, used to,
1 I don’t think I could spend my holidays on be used to and get used to.

M
a s t d beach. I need company. 1 Where (you / go) for holidays in
2 It was supposed to be the holiday of my dreams, your childhood?
but a series of travel m s p ruined it. 2 Josh couldn’t remember where he
(put) my backpack.

SA
3 I used to buy clothes at a flea r t,
but now I have no time to look for bargains. 3 I didn’t pick up because I (listen) to
4 Ramsay is in his room with really bad food music on my earphones.
p i n n – he can’t come to dinner. 4 In the past, I (be) seasick quite
5 I can’t believe you haven’t brought any mosquito often, but the problem has somehow disappeared.
r p l t! 5 It took me almost two years to
6 Let’s just stay here for a while and s up (live) in the suburbs.
6 Due to the weather change, we

EE
the atmosphere of the old town, shall we?
(not follow) the itinerary.
7 If you want to go to Asia, you need to get
c n t d against some diseases. 7 (you / make) your own travel
arrangements or is it something new to you?
2 Choose the correct options.
USE OF ENGLISH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
The Viking Leif Erikson was born around 970. He was probably
the first European to visit North America. Animators have
1
his life story into a film. Leif’s parents were from
Norway, though they were living in Iceland when Leif was
FR 5 Complete the second sentence with up
to four words so that it means the same as the first
one. Use the words in capitals.
born. Later, in 982, his father, Erik the Red, 2 out to 1 We hadn’t finished packing when the taxi arrived.
Greenland, where he founded a community at Brattahlid. WERE
In around 1000, Leif visited Norway, where he converted We the taxi arrived.
to Christianity. When he set off on the return journey to
2 My sister usually travels with a rucksack. USED
Greenland, Leif sailed off-course and ended up in a place
My sister with a rucksack.
he named ‘Vinland’. He described the scenery around him
3 We wanted to sleep in a castle because it was
as 3 and very fertile. Leif’s unexpected 4 paid off,
something new. NEVER
as he travelled back to Greenland with his ship full of grapes
We wanted to sleep in a castle because
E

and wood and 5 skills he wouldn’t otherwise have had.

done it before.
In the 1960s, archaeologists found some Viking ruins
in Newfoundland, which they believe might have been 4 I could ski after my first week at the ski resort.
LEARNT
PL

the place discovered by Leif nearly a thousand years earlier.

By the end of my first week at the ski resort,
1 A become B done I to ski.
C made D told 5 During our visit to the theme park, I got sick.
2 A turned B ventured VISITING
C wondered D risked I got sick the theme park.
M

3 A winding B snowy 6 In the past, we often met in that café. TO

C remote D stunning We in that café.
4 A destination B horizon
C view D resort
6 Translate into English.
SA

1 I (nigdy nie wykupowałem)

5 A enriched B gained
travel insurance until I got sick two years ago and
C strengthened D broadened
had to pay for treatment abroad.
2 I don’t need a car – I am
GRAMMAR
(przyzwyczajony do poruszania się) on foot.
3 Correct the mistakes in the sentences. 3 We chose the hotel because of the swimming pool,
1 We asked him what happened, but he kept silent. but they (remontowali go)
EE

2 We decided not to visit the ancient ruins because during our entire stay.
Lily has seen them before. 4 The holiday was OK, but it
3 I couldn’t go because I studied for an exam (nie zmieściły się w moim budżecie).
the next day. 5 I told the police officer that I
4 Don’t trust her! She was always making up stories. (zgubiłem wartościowe rzeczy) together with that bag.
5 When Florence was young, her parents use 6 I don’t think I will ever
FR

to have a small cottage by the sea. (przyzwyczaję się do wpadania na) my ex-girlfriend.
6 Jo used to do volunteer work in Kenya in 2009.
18 UNIT 1
 E
THE BEST JOB IN THE WORLD?

PL
Everyone I meet says it, ‘Oh, that must be the best job in the world.’
In many ways, it is a wonderful job. I get to travel to lots of far-flung
READING locations around the world and I write about them. The truth is very
7 Read the texts and choose the correct different, however. Travel writing is very hard work, badly paid
options in 1–4. Then complete sentences 5–7. and extremely competitive.
1 The writer starts by pointing out As a freelance travel writer, you probably make about one trip a week.

M
A lot of the work you’re asked to do is so-called ‘press trips’. That is, you
A a conversation she had with someone. have been invited by a hotel, a holiday company or a tourist board to
B a mistaken idea that many people have of her a certain place on the understanding that you write nice things about it.
job. This type of work has become very common in the last few years,

SA
C a fact about travel writers. especially on social media. Essentially, you’ve gone to a place you didn’t
D a criticism that many travel writers make about choose to go to, where you hang out with people you have never met
before, and you have to be polite about the whole experience. It’s not
their job.
so bad the first few times, but after a while it ends up being a bit
2 In the second paragraph, the writer describes soul-destroying.
A the type of media she often uses to publish her Then there’s the accommodation and transport. As a travel writer, you
work. have to make all the reservations and do all the research yourself. Of
B an aspect of her work that she has never enjoyed. course, you also have to try everything in order to appeal to a wide range

EE
C how frequently she travels. of people. This means I’ve slept in five-star hotels on very rare occasions,
but it also means staying at hostels with primitive facilities for guests in
D a kind of job she is often asked to do.
locations where you don’t even speak the local language. You might travel
3 In the third paragraph, the author admits that in business class, but that’s very unusual, so you have to be willing to
A she has often stayed in excellent accommodation. take taxis, buses, trains, scooters and other diverse means of transport
B she doesn’t try to learn the local language. to get around, sometimes at the risk of your own personal safety! That
also means endless hours’ waiting around in airports and stations.
C she doesn’t like sleeping in low-quality
accommodation.
FR
D she always looks for top-quality places to stay.
Salaries in journalism in general have not risen for many years, and in
travel writing, they’ve actually decreased. A lot of travel writing on
the Internet is in exchange for nothing more than ‘exposure’ – your name
4 The writer uses the example of TripAdvisor and photo will be at the top of the article. But of course, ‘exposure’
A to show how easy it is to get started as a travel doesn’t pay the bills. Nowadays, with travel websites like TripAdvisor,
writer. where travellers write about their experiences in the review sections,
B as an example of a place to publish your work. as a travel writer you’re competing with people who do your job for free!
C to suggest where new travel writers can get Still interested? Travel writing is certainly not the best job in the world.
But despite all the difficulties, if you love travelling and writing, there’s
exposure.
really nothing better.
D to illustrate how difficult it is for travel writers
nowadays. Two days after that we had all in readiness for our departure.
E

5 Just were going to take part On this voyage Jip begged so hard to be taken that the Doctor finally
in the trip: Jip, Polynesia and Chee-Chee. gave in and said he could come. Polynesia and Chee-Chee were
6 The author’s came to say goodbye the only other animals to go with us. Dab-Dab was left in charge
PL

to him. of the house and the animal family we were to leave behind.
7 During the voyage, Matthew Mugg was supposed Of course, as is always the way, at the last moment we kept
remembering things we had forgotten; and when we finally closed
to the Doctor’s household.
the house up and went down the steps to the road, we were all
burdened with armfuls of odd packages.
WRITING
Halfway to the river, the Doctor suddenly remembered that he had left
M

8 Read the instructions and do the task. the stock-pot boiling on the kitchen-fire. However, we saw a blackbird
flying by who nested in our garden, and the Doctor asked her to go
Niedawno wybrałeś/wybrałaś się w podróż do kurortu
back for us and tell Dab-Dab about it.
polecanego przez Twój ulubiony portal turystyczny.
Down at the river-wall we found a great crowd waiting to see us off.
SA

Niestety, miejsce bardzo Cię rozczarowało, a opis

Standing right near the gang-plank were my mother and father.I hoped
przedstawiony na portalu był niezgodny z prawdą.
that they would not make a scene, or burst into tears or anything like
Napisz do redakcji list z zażaleniem (200–250 that. But as a matter of fact they behaved quite well – for parents.
słów), w którym opiszesz problemy napotkane w My mother said something about being sure not to get my feet wet;
trakcie pobytu w kurorcie oraz przedstawisz swoje and my father just smiled a crooked sort of smile, patted me on
oczekiwania w związku z wprowadzeniem Cię w błąd. the back and wished me luck. Goodbyes are awfully uncomfortable
things and I was glad when it was over and we passed on to the ship.
We were a little surprised not to see Matthew Mugg among the crowd.
EE

We had felt sure that he would be there; and the Doctor had intended
to give him some extra instructions about the food for the animals
we had left at the house.
At last, after much pulling and tugging, we got the anchor up
and undid a lot of mooring-ropes. Then the Curlew began to move
gently down the river with the out-running tide, while the people
FR

on the wall cheered and waved their handkerchiefs.

from The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle by Hugh Lofting (published 1922)

UNIT 1 19
 E
Grammar Reference Unit 1

PL
1.2 Past tenses: past simple, past continuous, past perfect
PAST SIMPLE Affirmative Negative
Czas past simple (druga forma czasownika, w czasownikach
regularnych: końcówka -ed) stosujemy do opisu: I was wandering around the She wasn’t complaining about
old town. the service.
• czynności, które wydarzyły się w określonym momencie

M
w przeszłości, np.: I ran into a girl from our school during You were saving up for a trip to We weren’t staying at a B&B.
my holiday in Iceland last summer. Miami.
• zdarzeń, które przerwały jakąś czynność, np. Sinead was Yes/No questions Short answers
hunting for souvenirs when someone stole her purse.

SA
Was he travelling solo? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.
Affirmative Negative Were they packing their suitcases? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
He visited five countries last They didn’t take any photos Wh- questions Subject questions
year. of the city skyline. Why were you arguing? How many people were
Yes/No questions Short answers sunbathing by the pool?
Did she go backpacking? Yes, she did. / No, she Określenia czasu typowe dla past continuous to m.in.:
didn’t. in the (evening), at (10 am), at that time, then, when, while, as.

EE
Wh- questions Subject questions
PAST PERFECT
What did you buy at the flea Who chose this tour Czas past perfect (had + past participle) opisuje zdarzenia,
market? company? które miały miejsce przed innymi zdarzeniami z przeszłości, np.
Określenia czasu typowe dla past simple to m.in.: The kids wanted to go to the zoo even though we had been there
yesterday, the day before yesterday, (two days) ago, last many times before.
(summer), at (Christmas/6 pm), on (5 November),
in (May/2020), then, when, afterwards.

PAST CONTINUOUS
FR Affirmative
We had visited the science
museum by then.
Negative
He hadn’t travelled with
a low-cost airline before.
Czas past continuous (was/were + czasownik z końcówką Yes/No questions Short answers
-ing) stosujemy do opisu czynności:
Had he ever rented a car? Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.
• trwających w określonym momencie w przeszłości, np.
I was talking to my boss when you called me in the morning. Wh- questions Subject questions
• będących tłem dla innych czynności, np. What had you bought by the Who had eaten octopus before?
The sun was shining bright when Tyler left for work. time we met for lunch?
• przerwanych przez inne czynności, np.
Określenia czasu typowe dla past perfect to m.in.: by the time,
We were admiring the stunning scenery when there was by then, by (two o’clock/Monday/April/1999), ever, never, already,
E

a loud bang. before, after.

1.7 Present and past habits

PL

Czynności powtarzalne i zachowania charakterystyczne dla • Za pomocą konstrukcji would + bezokolicznik opisujemy
konkretnych osób – teraz lub w przeszłości – można w języku powtarzalne czynności i zachowania (nie stany)
angielskim opisać za pomocą różnych czasów i konstrukcji z przeszłości. Forma ta jest powszechnie używana
gramatycznych. m.in. w odniesieniu do sytuacji, o których myślimy
• Za pomocą czasów present simple i past simple opisujemy z rozrzewnieniem, i występuje tylko w zdaniach
twierdzących, np.: Mum would always ask Grandma for
M

czynności i stany powtarzające się w teraźniejszości lub

w przeszłości, w tym przyzwyczajenia i nawyki, np.: advice before making an important decision.
We always take out travel insurance before going abroad.
When I was in Rimini, I went swimming every day. UWAGA!
Informację o czasie trwania czynności powtarzalnej
SA

• Za pomocą czasów present continuous i past continuous

z przeszłości można zawrzeć jedynie w zdaniu w czasie
opisujemy teraźniejsze lub przeszłe powtarzalne
past simple, np. I practised this song every day for two weeks.
zachowania, które nas irytują, np.:
You’re always complaining about everything. • Za pomocą konstrukcji: be used to + czasownik z -ing
My flatmates were always making a lot of noise in the morning, (być przyzwyczajonym do robienia czegoś) oraz get used
so I eventually moved out. to + czasownik z -ing (przyzwyczajać się do robienia
czegoś) opisujemy przyzwyczajenia w różnych czasach
UWAGA! gramatycznych, np.:
EE

W mowie potocznej always może zostać zastąpione przez The young dancer wasn’t used to performing in front of
forever, np. They are forever talking about their honeymoon. such large audiences.
• Za pomocą konstrukcji used to + bezokolicznik opisujemy Sooner or later, you’ll get used to the cold weather.
powtarzalne czynności i stany z przeszłości, w tym
przyzwyczajenia i nawyki, np.: UWAGA!
Po be used to i get used to może wystąpić również
I used to hate driving, but now I don’t mind it.
rzeczownik, np. He needs time to get used to his new phone.
FR

Extra Grammar Practice 147

20 UNIT 1
 E
Wordlist

PL
– KEY WORDS pay off /ˌpeɪ ˈɒf/ opłacać się
strengthen /ˈstreŋθən/ wzmacniać
VOCABULARY 1 MP3 01 testimonial /ˌtestɪˈməʊnɪəl/ rekomendacja
touristy /ˈtʊərɪsti/ nastawiony na turystów
beyond the horizon /bɪˌjɒnd ðə həˈraɪzən/ poza horyzont
travel overseas /ˌtrævəl ˌəʊvəˈsiːz/ podróżować za granicę
breathtaking view /ˌbreθteɪkɪŋ ˈvjuː/ widok zapierający
dech w piersiach undergo /ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ/ przejść (coś), zaznać/
doświadczyć (czegoś)
city skyline /ˌsɪti ˈskaɪlaɪn/ panorama miasta

M
venture out /ˌventʃər ˈaʊt/ odważyć się wyjść z domu
crystal clear /ˌkrɪstəl ˈklɪə/ przejrzysty,
kryształowo czysty willing /ˈwɪlɪŋ/ chętny, pełen zapału
deserted beach /dɪˌzɜːtɪd ˈbiːtʃ/ opuszczona plaża VOCABULARY 2 MP3 05
discover tourist /dɪˌskʌvə ˈtʊərɪst odkrywać atrakcje
antiseptic wipes /ˌæntiˌseptɪk ˈwaɪps/ chusteczki antyseptyczne
attractions əˌtrækʃənz/ turystyczne

SA
be seasick /ˌbi ˈsiːˌsɪk/ cierpieć na chorobę morską
fabulous /ˈfæbjʊləs/ bajeczny, wspaniały
come out in a rash /ˌkʌm ˌaʊt ɪn ə ˈræʃ/ dostać wysypki
flea market /ˈfliː ˌmɑːkɪt/ pchli targ
coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ okoliczności objęte polisą
get one’s adrenaline /ˌɡet wʌnz əˈdrenəlɪn podnieść poziom
ubezpieczeniową
pumping ˌpʌmpɪŋ/ adrenaliny
diarrhoea /ˌdaɪəˈrɪə/ biegunka
get around on foot /ˌɡet əˌraʊnd ɒn ˈfʊt/ poruszać się pieszo
emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ nagły wypadek
go to a local theme /ˌɡəʊ tu ə ˌləʊkəl ˈθiːm iść do lokalnego parku
first aid kit /ˌfɜːst ˌeɪd ˈkɪt/ apteczka pierwszej pomocy
park pɑːk/ rozrywki
food poisoning /ˈfuːd ˌpɔɪzənɪŋ/ zatrucie pokarmowe
hunt for souvenirs /ˌhʌnt fə ˌsuːvəˈnɪəz/ polować na pamiątki
foresee /fɔːˈsiː/ przewidzieć
itinerary /aɪˈtɪnərəri/ plan podróży
insane szalony

EE
/ɪnˈseɪn/
(not) fit one’s budget /(ˌnɒt) ˌfɪt wʌnz ˈbʌdʒɪt/ (nie) mieścić się
w budżecie lean (overboard) /ˌliːn (ˈəʊvəbɔːd)/ wychylać się (za burtę)
remote destination /rɪˌməʊt ˌdestɪˈneɪʃən/ odległy cel podróży lose valuable items /ˌluːz ˌvæljʊəbəl ˈaɪtəmz/ stracić cenne przedmioty
rent a bike /ˌrent ə ˈbaɪk/ wypożyczyć rower mosquito repellent /məˈskiːtəʊ rɪˌpelənt/ środek odstraszający komary
run into /ˌrʌn ˈɪntuː/ napotkać, wpaść pandemic /pænˈdemɪk/ pandemia
na (kogoś) risk one’s safety /ˌrɪsk ˌwʌnz ˈseɪfti ryzykować swoje
snowy peaks /ˌsnəʊɪ ˈpiːks/ ośnieżone szczyty for sth fə ˌsʌmθɪŋ/ bezpieczeństwo dla czegoś
soak up the take out travel /ˌteɪk aʊt ˈtrævəl wykupić ubezpieczenie
atmosphere
spend vast sums
/ˌsəʊk ʌp ði
ˈætməsfɪə/
/ˌspend ˌvɑːst ˈsʌmz/
chłonąć
atmosferę
wydawać ogromne
kwoty
FR insurance
tick remover tool

travel mishap
ɪnˌʃʊərəns/
/ˈtɪk rɪˌmuːvə tuːl/

/ˈtrævəl ˌmɪshæp/
podróżne
narzędzie do usuwania
kleszczy
niefortunny wypadek
staycation /steɪˈkeiʃən/ wakacje spędzane
w domu lub w kraju podczas podróży
struggle with /ˈstrʌɡəl wɪð/ mieć problem z treat (one’s wounds/ /ˌtriːt (ˌwʌnz ˈwuːndz/ udzielić pomocy medycznej,
injuries/illnesses) ˈɪndʒərɪz/ˈɪlnəsɪz)/ leczyć (czyjeś rany/urazy/
stunning scenery /ˌstʌnɪŋ ˈsiːnəri/ oszałamiająca sceneria
choroby)
take forever /ˌteɪk fəˈrevə/ ciągnąć się
vaccinated /ˈvæksɪneɪtɪd/ zaszczepiony
w nieskończoność
vomit /ˈvɒmɪt/ wymiotować
travel arrangements /ˈtrævəl əˌreɪndʒmənts/ ustalenia organizacyjne
podróży yellow fever /ˌjeləʊ ˈfiːvə/ żółta febra
visit popular resorts /ˌvɪzɪt ˌpɒpjʊlə rɪˈzɔːts/ odwiedzać popularne LISTENING MP3 06
kurorty
do away with sth /ˌduː əˈweɪ wɪð ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ pozbyć się czegoś
wander around /ˌwɒndər əˈraʊnd/ spacerować
E

do sb good /ˌduː ˌsʌmbədi ˈgʊd/ mieć na kogoś dobry

winding streets /ˌwaɪndɪŋ ˈstriːts/ kręte uliczki
wpływ, dobrze na kogoś
GRAMMAR 1 MP3 02 podziałać
do up /ˌduː ˈʌp/ odnowić
city break /ˌsɪti ˈbreɪk/ krótkie wakacje
PL

w innym mieście guided tour /ˌɡaɪdɪd ˈtʊə/ wycieczka z przewodnikiem

dream spot /ˌdriːm ˈspɒt/ wymarzone miejsce make a deal /ˌmeɪk ə ˈdiːl/ zawrzeć umowę, dobić targu
ferry /ˈferi/ prom make out /ˌmeɪk ˈaʊt/ zrozumieć
make sth into /ˈmeɪk ˌsʌmθɪŋ ˌɪntə/ przekształcić coś w
SPEAKING MP3 03 make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ wymyślić, zmyślić
annoyance /əˈnɔɪəns/ irytacja, złość zip-lining /ˈzɪp laɪnɪŋ/ tyrolka, kolejka tyrolska
luggage locker /ˈlʌɡɪdʒ ˌlɒkə/ schowek na bagaż
GRAMMAR 2 MP3 07
M

notification /ˌnəʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ powiadomienie

recurring (problem) /rɪˌkɜːrɪŋ (ˈprɒbləm)/ powtarzający się currency /ˈkʌrənsi/ waluta
(problem) low-cost airline /ˌləʊˌkɒst ˈeəˌlaɪn/ tania linia lotnicza
nomadic /nəʊˈmædɪk/ koczowniczy
READING MP3 04 package tour /ˈpækɪdʒ tʊə/ wycieczka zorganizowana
SA

array of sth /əˈreɪ əv ˌsʌmθɪŋ/ szeroki wachlarz,

wybór czegoś
USE OF ENGLISH MP3 08
benefit sb/sth /ˈbenɪfɪt ˌsʌmbədi/ˌsʌmθɪŋ/ przynosić komuś/ checkpoint /ˈtʃekˌpɔɪnt/ posterunek, punkt kontrolny
czemuś korzyść commute /kəˈmjuːt/ dojeżdżać do pracy
broaden one’s /ˌbrɔːdən ˌwʌnz poszerzyć swoje guardhouse /ˈɡɑːdˌhaʊs/ strażnica, wartownia
horizons həˈraɪznz/ horyzonty power cut /ˈpaʊə kʌt/ przerwa w dostawie prądu
challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ stanowić sprawdzian reunify /riːˈjuːnɪfaɪ/ ponownie zjednoczyć
czegoś, mobilizować stream /striːm/ wchodzić tłumnie
cruise ship /ˈkruːz ʃɪp/ statek wycieczkowy turn out /ˌtɜːn ˈaʊt/ okazać się
comfort zone /ˈkʌmfət zəʊn/ strefa komfortu
EE

employment prospects /ɪmˈploɪmənt prəˌspekts/ perspektywy

WRITING MP3 09
zatrudnienia appalling /əˈpɔːlɪŋ/ przerażający, okropny
enrich /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/ wzbogacać fall short of (one’s /ˌfɔːl ˈʃɔːt əv (ˌwʌnz nie spełniać (czyichś
enrol /ɪnˈrəʊl/ zapisać się expectations) ˌekspekˈteɪʃənz)/ oczekiwań)
gain skills /ˌɡeɪn ˈskɪlz/ zdobyć umiejętności fare /feə/ opłata, taryfa
launch (a career) /ˌlɔːntʃ (ə kəˈrɪə)/ rozpoczynać (karierę) give off a smell /ˌɡɪv ˌɒf ə ˈsmel/ wydzielać zapach
make the most of sth /ˌmeɪk ðə ˈməʊst əv ˌsʌmθɪŋ/ wykorzystać coś jak inconvenience /ˌɪnkənˈviːnɪəns/ niedogodność
FR

najlepiej odour /ˈəʊdə/ fetor, nieprzyjemny zapach

memorable /ˈmemərəbəl/ niezapomniany, prompt /prɒmpt/ szybki, bezzwłoczny
pamiętny refund /ˈriːfʌnd/ zwrot

UNIT 1 21
 2

E
FUTURE SOLUTIONS

PL
M
SA
EE
1 2 3

SPEAK Look at the photos and read

the quote. Discuss the following.
FR
2 Read the text and find one piece of information
that is false.

Technology is a useful servant but a dangerous master. TECHNOLOGY: FACT OR FICTION?

Christian Lous Lange 1 Driverless cars are 2 In some countries,
(Norwegian historian and Nobel Peace Prize winner, becoming so efficient such as Sweden
1869–1938) that they don’t need any and the USA, microchip
• Give one advantage and one disadvantage of how human intervention. implants, which
technology is being used in each of the photos. In the future, humans connect to the Internet,
• Imagine you are writing a magazine article entitled may be banned from are embedded into
E

‘Future Solutions’. Which of the photos would you driving altogether. employees’ hands so
choose for the front cover? Why? they can open doors or
pay for food at the wave
• Explain the meaning of the quote, using the examples
PL

of a hand.
in the photos. What can be done to prevent technology 3 Bluetooth®, one of the
becoming a dangerous master? first wireless technologies,
was named after a king
of Norway and Denmark 4 The latest plans
who was so fond of for robots and virtual
1 Complete the questions with
M

SPEAK blueberries that his teeth assistants, such as Siri,

the correct forms of the verbs from the box. turned blue, hence his Alexa or Cortana, are to
Then answer the questions in pairs. There may nickname. Bluetooth® make them emotionally
be more than one correct answer. connects anything, from interactive, which means
SA

domestic appliances to they will detect users’

check install post scam set update earbuds, with your mobile moods and respond
devices, just like the accordingly.
1 How often do you your social media king united his warring
profiles and comments? nations.
2 Have you ever been online or 6 Instagram currently
reported something suspicious? 5 Every minute, over hosts over fifty billion
EE

3 Do you protect your online accounts by five hundred hours photos. If that’s too
strong passwords? of video material are much for you, try using
4 When did you last your phone? uploaded to YouTube. the ‘mute’ option, which
5 Who antivirus software on your PC? If you started watching it allows you to stop seeing
today, you still wouldn’t a user’s feed without
have watched all unfollowing them.
FR

the content by
the end of your life.

22 UNIT 2
 2.1

E
Vocabulary 1
Technology • Adjectives to describe technology

PL
3 KEY WORDS Match the highlighted words 6 Complete the sentences with the correct
and phrases from the text to definitions 1–9. forms of the highlighted words and phrases from
1 stores on a server so that it can be accessed over exercises 2 and 5.
the Internet 1 Bluetooth® does not need a b d n

M
2 stop seeing someone’s content on social media connection, so it doesn’t use any data.
without unfriending them 2 There are too many limitations, so none
3 no longer following someone online of the solutions is really f s l .

SA
4 fixed in something else (e.g. a surface or an object) 3 The device we bought was d e e,
5 very small pieces of silicon that contain and we were forced to return it.
the electronic connections to make a computer 4 Do you have any kitchen a p n e
work and can be inserted into the skin that are operated through Bluetooth®?
6 machines or equipment that you have in your home 5 Keep all your devices m d through
7 software agents that respond to instructions and the entire meeting, please.
do tasks to help the user 6 To be honest, I felt hurt when I learnt that Mike

EE
8 which interprets and responds to people’s had u f l d me.
emotions (about a computer) 7 I’m not complaining about the operating system –
9 cars that can drive themselves I just need a PC with a c t g-e e
design.
4 1.12 Listen to the conversation and
complete the message with the correct forms of 7 SPEAK Choose one of the predictions
the highlighted words and phrases from the text.

Guess what! I’ve spoken to Louis, and he’s not going

FR below and discuss what life will be like
if it comes true.
1 By 2040, robots will be recognised as a species.
to do the driving licence course. He says it’s pointless, 2 By 2026, ten percent of all cars in the USA will be
as by the time he can afford a car, we’ll all be using driverless.
1
. We had an interesting discussion 3 Within the next decade, all of our devices will be
about cars being equipped with a 2 emotionally interactive.
that will be 3 in the car operating system
4 In the near future, babies will have microchip
and will interact with the passengers. Louis claims such
implants embedded in their bodies when they
systems will be 4 and able to detect your
are born.
mood. It’s possible that through wireless technology
cars will be connected to our devices, or maybe we
E

8 SPEAK Look at the video still and answer

will have 5 in our hands so that nobody the questions.
will be able to operate your car but you.
PL

It got me thinking … Should we start the driving course

at all? Perhaps it makes no sense … What do you think?
Mila

5 KEY WORDS Match the highlighted adjectives

in sentences 1–7 to the adjectives a–g which have
M

a similar meaning.
1 My smartphone is outdated – it can’t support
the latest software.
SA

2 The new system is really user-friendly.

3 The most feasible explanation is that your licence
has run out. 1 Which of the following do you think inventors have
4 The current system is defective due to faulty used to make a bionic hand?
programming.
5 The developments in artificial intelligence are 3D printer drone remote control electrical tubes
fishing line Lego® blocks titan implants
intriguing.
EE

6 Wired is an online magazine about cutting-edge 2 How might a person with a bionic hand feel?
technology.
7 The authorities discussed the availability of FAST FINISHERS
broadband technologies in underprivileged areas.
Imagine you could get a bionic hand to help you
a possible e old-fashioned out in your everyday life, for example with chores,
b fascinating f high-speed schoolwork, etc. Name three of its functions that
FR

c up-to-date g problematic would be essential.

d intuitive
UNIT 2 23
 2.2

E
Grammar 1
The future

PL
1 SPEAK Would you like to visit a fortune-teller to 4 Choose the correct options to complete the TV guide.
learn what the future holds for you? Why/Why not? TODAY

15:00 Sports Live

2 Read the blog from the future and answer The afternoon 1 starts / is starting / is going to start

M
the questions. with football. Our presenters 2 will bring / will be
1 Which subjects are in the author’s schedule before bringing / will have brought you their live commentary
lunchtime? from Stamford Bridge, where Chelsea 3 plays / is playing

SA
2 How does the author make food? / will play Arsenal. 4 Do Chelsea beat / Will Chelsea
beat / Are Chelsea going to beat them to win the league? 5 Does Jones
recover / Will Jones have recovered / Will Jones be recovering from
22 March 2040

7:30 am The smartphone inside my injury in time for the match? Watch and see!
shoulder vibrates and I wake up. Lessons 1 start 18:00 The Future Programme
in thirty minutes. 2 It’s going to be a hard Jill Peters, who 6 will have been working / will be
session today – my virtual tutor warned me working / will work for our station for fifteen years next
yesterday. He’s a decent guy. Next month, month, 7 will be presenting / will have been presenting

EE
3
we will have been learning together for two / will have presented some new gadgets from the
years! Anyway, I feel that by lunchtime, 4 I’ll have Technology Now exhibition. She 8 interviews / ’s going
solved hundreds of maths problems and done to interview / will have interviewed top experts on their predictions for
some virtual experiments. next year. What 9 do scientists come up with / are scientists coming up
5
I’ll be feeling pretty tired with / will scientists come up with next? By the end of the programme,
after all that! we 10 are finding out / will be finding out / will have found out who has
1:00 Pm The 3D
food printer is on –
lunch 6 will be ready
FR
won the competition.

5 Read the WATCH OUT box and complete

in no time. Another the mini-dialogues with the correct future forms
vibration in my shoulder: of the verbs in brackets. There may be more than
my flatmate sends one correct answer.
a message to say 7 he’s going to 1 X: What time are you setting off in the morning?
have lunch with his girlfriend. I change Y: The bus (leave) at 7:30, so I think
the printer setting to make less food. I (go) around 7:00.
1:45 Pm 8 I’m meeting a classmate at 2 pm, 2 X: What are you doing after we’ve eaten?
but I’ve only just finished lunch. I don’t want to Y: I (meet) Laura so that we can finish
E

be late, so 9 I’ll take the flying car. our presentation.

3 X: Do you want to go to the STEM club later?
PL

Y: I can’t. I’m going home as soon as school

3 Study the grammar table and match future (finish).
forms 1–9 from exercise 2 to uses a–i. 4 X: So you just pour the liquid into a glass jar and …
Y: Watch out! You (spill) it everywhere!
Key Grammar 5 X: Do you know that by the end of the month we
The future (work) on this device for four years?
M

Y: Really? I hope we finish before it

To talk about the future, we use:
(become) useless.
a the present simple for timetabled events, e.g. ,
b the present continuous for confirmed arrangements,
SA

WATCH OUT Future time clauses

e.g. ,
c be going to for intentions or plans, e.g. , Remember that we use the present simple or present
d will for hopes, expectations and predictions, e.g. , perfect simple to talk about the future after time expressions
e be going to for predictions based on evidence, e.g. , such as when, until, after, before and as soon as.
f will for spontaneous decisions or offers, e.g. , We won’t find out what we can do until we attempt it.
g the future continuous (will + be + -ing) for actions I’ll help you when I’ve finished writing this email.
in progress at a future point in time, e.g. ,
EE

h the future perfect (will + have + past participle) for actions 6 SPEAK Make some predictions for 2040. What
completed by a future point in time, e.g. , will the world look like? How will science and
i the future perfect continuous (will + have been + -ing) technology have advanced by that time?
for actions that will continue up to a point in the future,
to underline their duration, e.g. . FAST FINISHERS
FR

Grammar Reference 36 Irregular verbs 158–159

Look through the book and find out what you will
have learnt by the end of the unit.
24 UNIT 2
 2.3

E
Speaking
Giving a presentation

PL
1 SPEAK Are you comfortable with public 4 Complete the presentation excerpts with up to
speaking? Why/Why not? three words in each gap.

1 Dear Parents! Today, I’d like to to

M
an issue that concerns all teenagers, namely the
amount of pocket money that we all receive. There
why I believe our weekly allowance
should be raised. Here are some of them.

SA
2 While there is that regular tests
make students study more and positively influence
their academic results, the this
argument is that it does not take into account
students’ emotional needs.
2 1.13 Listen to the beginning of a presentation
about the future of transport in cities. What three 3 Another point that I want is that

EE
we are not given a chance to suggest our own
topics is the speaker going to cover?
solutions. It is a students’ opinions
3 1.13 Read the WATCH OUT | SKILLS box are rarely listened to by the school authorities.
and study the Key Phrases box. Then listen again. 4 So I guess that’s . Thank you very
Which Key Phrases did you hear? much for listening, and I hope

WATCH OUT | SKILLS Signposting

When giving a presentation, help your audience
FR my presentation interesting. If you have any
questions,
to answer them now.
to ask, and I will try

to follow you by ‘signposting’. Begin by telling them

the topic of your talk. Then say what you are going 5 1.14 Read the WATCH OUT box. Then
to talk about first. Next, explain what other areas listen to the groups of words in connected speech.
you are also going to cover and finally how you are Which words are linked? Identify the type of link
going to finish. used (a or b).
1 discuss other solutions 4 what we know about
Key Phrases 2 today I’m going to 5 talking to you about
E

Giving a presentation 3 talking about transport 6 science and technology

Introducing the topic
Today, I’m going to talk about … WATCH OUT Connected speech
PL

I’m going to begin by talking about … When we are speaking, we connect words to make
Organising ideas them easier to pronounce without a break. It can be
Firstly, … / In the first place, … done in different ways:
My second point is that … a by linking the final consonant of one word with
the initial vowel or semi-consonant of the next, e.g.
I’ll go on to discuss …
M

good  evening; thank  you

Let’s turn to the topic of …
b by inserting a /j/ or /w/ sound between two vowels,
In addition to this, …
e.g. I  /j/  agree; it’s too  /w/  easy.
Another / The third point I want to make is …
SA

Giving evidence to support an opinion

For example/instance, … 6 SPEAK Go to page 156 and choose one

A good example of … is … of the topics shown in the photos. Prepare a short

presentation about the future to give to the class.
There are several reasons why I believe …
It is a fact that … FAST FINISHERS
There is strong evidence to support …
Imagine you are planning the next April Fools’
The problem with this argument is that …
EE

Day at school. Make a list of silly topics on which

Finishing your presentation students could make presentations, e.g. why there
Finally, I’d like to draw your attention to … should be a circus in your school.
And finally, I’ll mention …
My final point is that …
OK, that’s all from me. Find a TED talk on a topic that you find
FR

I hope you found the presentation interesting. interesting. Watch it and tell the class two things
you have learnt from it.
If anyone has any questions, please feel free to ask now.
UNIT 2 25
 2.4

E
Reading
An online article about future technology

PL
1 Match the words from the box to the correct 6 KEY WORDS Match the highlighted words
categories. Then add other derivatives. and phrases from the text to definitions 1–7.
1 combine to become one
communication create critic develop intelligent
2 connect

M
interact predict secret silence
3 making progress
Verb Noun Adjective 4 not natural, created by people
5 received (about a signal)

SA
6 improving
2 Read the WATCH OUT | SKILLS box. Then look 7 which can be worn on your body
at the pictures and the title of the text on page 27.
What do you think the text is about? What ideas 7 SPEAK Complete the questions with the words
might it mention? from exercise 1 and the highlighted words from
the text. The first letters are given. Then discuss
the questions in pairs.
WATCH OUT | SKILLS Predicting the content
1 Do you believe in s high-tech projects

EE
of a text
that remain unknown to the public?
Use all the information available about a text to make
2 Is technological development really e
predictions about its content: the instructions, photos
our quality of life, or does it do more harm than
or illustrations, title, design and layout, comprehension
good?
questions and your existing knowledge of the subject.
3 Do people really p signals from other

3 1.15 Read the article and check your answers

to exercise 2.
FR planets, or is it just a scam?
4 If technology and sport m
a combination be good for sportsmanship?
, will such

5 Is design or functionality more important

4 Read the article again and choose the correct in w devices?
options. 6 Will speech remain the primary way of c
1 AlterEgo will tell you the time if you in the near future?
A say the word ‘time’. 7 Which field of science will make the greatest
B think the word ‘time’. s within the next two decades?
C look at a clock.
D hear the word ‘time’.
8 SPEAK Answer the questions.
E

2 According to Musk, brain implants will 1 Would you like to be able to communicate
through telepathy? Why/Why not?
A replace headsets in the near future.
2 Imagine you have to prepare a talk about
B make people less intelligent.
PL

mind-reading technology. Would it be

C connect to the AlterEgo headset.
a presentation about opportunities or threats? Why?
D be secret devices.
3 What were the most important technological
3 Specialists claim that implants developments in the last ten years? How would you
A won’t be affordable for ordinary people. rank mind reading on this list?
B have replaced speech and writing.
M

C will become popular within ten years. FAST FINISHERS

D will change the way science-fiction films are Think of at least three ways in which you could
made. use mind-reading technology in your daily life.
SA

4 The ‘new form of communication’ is

A telepathy.
B implants.
Search online for other exciting new technologies
C multi-tasking. that are being developed. Choose one and write
D mind reading. down its potential advantages and disadvantages.
5 Answer the questions.
EE

1 Why do you think the writer uses the example

of films?
2 How would a user of AlterEgo look up information
on the Internet?
3 What kind of device is Elon Musk developing?
4 How does Elon Musk see implants working?
FR

5 How will these devices alter human

communication?

26 UNIT 2
 E
PL
MIND-READING TECHNOLOGY:

M
The Headset That ‘Hears’ Your Thoughts

SA
Until recently, mind-reading technology was which will allow users to communicate directly with
something we’d only seen in science-fiction 30 computers using only thoughts. Musk is predicting
films. The evil villain uses a mind-reading that in a few years, we will be able to implant tiny
machine to extract information directly from the electronic devices in the brain which will merge
5 hero’s brain. ‘In a few minutes,’ the villain hisses, machine and human, thus enhancing human
‘I will have all the information I need …’ intelligence.

EE
However, this technology is no longer the stuff of 35 Musk’s vision of the future is that users will be
films. A group of researchers at MIT’s Media Lab sitting at home, and they will be able to connect
40
recently presented a wearable headset called to different devices or software through interfaces,
10 AlterEgo that can interpret ‘silent speech’ inside the without typing or even speaking. An implant is
user’s head. Anything that the user ‘messages’ from going to be able to interpret what you’re thinking
the brain to the facial muscles can be picked up
by the headset, so if you want to find out what the
weather will be like tomorrow, you can mouth the
FR 40 and, for instance, send a message to a friend telling
them you’re going to show up a little later than
planned.
question ‘Weather tomorrow?’ and the headset will
Tech experts are convinced such devices
respond by giving you a weather forecast through
and implants will be in general use within the next
a small earphone. 45 decade. Some predictions even foresee everyone
Devices like AlterEgo will eventually be able to link with headsets or implants interacting by way of
up to existing artificial intelligence devices, like telepathy – you will be communicating with other
20 Apple’s Siri or Amazon’s Alexa. They will read your people only through your thoughts. Humans have
thoughts and then look up the information you exchanged information using speech and writing
E

need, download a recipe or make a purchase for 50 for millennia, and now a new form of human
you. communication is coming thanks to mind-reading
technology.
Major tech companies are now making huge
PL

25 strides in the development of wearable devices So, I guess, in a few years’ time, when we
which read your mind. Elon Musk, the man behind can all read everyone’s thoughts, heroes
Tesla cars and SpaceX, has announced that his 55 will have been forced to come up with
company, Neuralink, is developing interfaces a new way of hiding information from
evil villains.
M
SA
EE

GLOSSARY
hiss – syknąć
villain – czarny charakter
FR

UNIT 2 27
 2.5

E
Vocabulary 2
Appearance • Body parts and internal organs

PL
1 Put the names of body parts, organs and 3 1.16 KEY WORDS Complete the text
fluids from the box into two categories: internal in exercise 2 with the highlighted words below.
and external. Some words match both categories. There are five extra words. Then listen and check.
There may be more than one correct answer.

M
ankle arm back blood bones cheek
birthmarks • bladder • intestines • joint • kidney
chest ear elbow finger foot head knee
knuckle • lean • liver • lungs • moles • obese
leg muscle nose shoulder spine stomach
palm • pancreas • rib • scars • trim • veins
toe wrist

SA
4 Translate into Polish using the highlighted
2 Read the text and decide which of the medical words from exercise 3.
developments it mentions is the most important
for humanity. 1 There are fifteen (stawów, znanych
również jako knykcie) in a human hand.
2 By the time you stop sunbathing,
MERGING TECHNOLOGY WITH MEDICINE (liczba pieprzyków) on your body will have grown

EE
for sure.
There are many areas
3 Every human being needs (dwie
in which high-tech
nerki) for the body to function well.
innovations are brought
into general use – sport, 4 In diabetes, (trzustka nie produkuje)
fashion and education, enough insulin.
5 (Jelito grube) is longer than
all make use of
state-of-the-art,
cutting-edge technology. Today, we are looking
FR 6
(jelito cienkie).
(Długość dłoni) is measured from
for your personal experiences. Do you ever benefit the tip of the longest finger to the wrist.
from such developments in medicine? Share your 7 According to the World Health Organisation,
opinions below. a BMI (body mass index) of twenty-five means
that a person (jest otyła).
I admit that as well as going to the gym,
I often enjoy the benefits of aesthetic 5 1.17 SPEAK Decide if the sentences
medicine. I regularly visit a plastic surgeon in exercise 4 are true or false. Then listen and check.
who helps me keep my figure 1 . With
appropriate treatment and equipment, I’m muscular 6 SPEAK Decide which of the following areas
E

and 2 without much effort. Also, last year, of medicine should receive the most investment
I had all my skin marks removed (3 from global authorities. Explain your decision,
and 4 ), and I have no 5 . I’m pretty using at least five words from this lesson.
PL

sure that by the time I turn forty, I will have undergone

many more treatments. 1 artificial organs and transplantology

I had surgery that was conducted by a robot!

Can you imagine? The doctor diagnosed me 2 cancer treatment
with 6 and 7 stones –
M

an extremely painful condition. Instead of open 3 vaccinations against deadly diseases

surgery, I was operated on by a surgeon using
a da Vinci robot system. It was much less invasive
than a conventional operation, only a few small 4 medical engineering and robotics
SA

cuts in my abdomen. Basically, the surgeon can use

these robots to perform most surgical procedures
FAST FINISHERS
on the digestive organs, such as the 8 ,
9
and large and small 10 . Draw a picture to illustrate the topic of
It’s a real miracle! the article in exercise 2. Be prepared to describe
what it shows and why you have chosen this design.
I’m a medical student, and I benefit from
technology a lot. Thanks to VR, by the time
EE

I start working in a hospital after I graduate,

I will have practised a whole range of procedures Look online for information about the da Vinci
without inflicting pain on patients. Next week, for robot system and find out which internal organs
example, we will be looking inside a person’s chest it operates on.
to see how the 11 absorb oxygen and how
the 12 carry the blood back to the heart.
FR

I can’t wait!

28 UNIT 2
 2.6

E
Listening
A podcast about human creativity

PL
1 SPEAK How do you understand the saying 5 1.18 Listen to a podcast about human
below? Can you give examples from your own life? creativity and tick the topics that are mentioned.
Great minds think alike.
THINKING

M
2 KEY WORDS Complete the diagram with
highlighted phrases below.
1 technological
brainstorm solutions • consider alternatives advances

SA
draw conclusions • identify pros and cons
imagine possibilities 2 human comMunication
3 neuroscientific
CREATIVE THINKING CRITICAL THINKING studies
4 psychology

1 use your 4 suspend 5 predict 5 human achievements

EE
intuition judgment the effects 6 personality traits of
2 6 creative people
3 7
8

3 Choose the correct options.

FR
1 When you have a problem to solve, start by
brainstorming solutions / using your intuition.
Write down ideas as people think of them.
2 Be creative and playful and identify pros and cons / 6 1.18 Listen again and complete
imagine all of the possibilities that you can think of – the sentences.
the more, the better. 1 The examples of Mozart and Edison show that
3 Remember to suspend judgment / draw conclusions humans are able to do .
of people’s ideas – just because you don’t like 2 The speakers wonder if geniuses follow
E

something, it doesn’t mean that it’s wrong. a in their work.

4 Once you have got a list together, you can start to 3 Creativity has to do with your
use your intuition / identify the pros and cons of each
PL

intelligence level or IQ.

solution (the good points and the bad points).
4 A study on musicians showed that
5 Think about the future and try to consider
in several parts of the brain.
alternatives / predict the effects of each solution –
5 What all creative people have in common
if we choose this one, or that one, what will
is independence, tolerance of mess and the
happen?
willingness .
M

6 Finally, when you have been through all these

stages, you will be able to draw conclusions / 6 Human creativity has enabled some of the major
consider alternatives about your ideas. achievements of mankind, such as the Moon
landing or producing .
SA

4 Match the words from the box to the correct 7 Science and technology have changed the way we
categories. Then add other derivatives. and work.

consider effect identify imagine intuition 7 SPEAK Answer the questions.

judgment solution 1 Which of the skills connected with
creative thinking do you have? Which would
Verb Noun Adjective you like to have? Why?
2 Is creativity always helpful? Why/Why not?
EE

1 consider consideration considerate

2 3 What is more important, creative thinking
3 or critical thinking?
4
FAST FINISHERS
5
Make a crossword puzzle with the mystery
FR

6
word ‘CREATIVE’.
7

UNIT 2 29
 2.7

E
Grammar 2
Other futures: be about to; be due to; be + infinitive • Future in the past

PL
1 SPEAK Answer the questions. 4 Correct the mistakes in the sentences by adding
1 How will mobile phones change in the future? one missing word in each sentence.
2 Which cure will scientists have developed 1 Everyone was convinced that it be easy to scan
the brain activity.

M
by 2050?
2 Mr Stevens is to close the neurobiology conference
2 1.18 Read the summary of the podcast from with his speech at five tomorrow.
the previous lesson and choose the best ending. 3 The Prime Minister is reward young engineers
If necessary, listen to the podcast again.

SA
with scholarships.
4 Originally, they going to use laser technology
in the device, but it proved too expensive.
5 The university authorities to introduce special
courses developing critical thinking skills.
The podcast was about how scientists a were going to
6 I was to go to bed when I heard the terrifying sound
find out more about creativity. The speakers started
of an explosion.
by enumerating some famous names, for instance

EE
Thomas Edison. He was an extremely creative inventor 5 Complete the sentences with the correct
who probably did not plan his work, so he never forms of the verbs from the box. There may be
suspected that he b would revolutionise technology. more than one correct answer.
The speakers then focused on how to research
creativity. Scientists who wanted to learn more about begin help meet offer prove receive
the topic scanned the brain activity of creative thinkers,
for example jazz musicians. Neurobiologists felt they
c
were about to discover something big, but no major
FR 1 We at five o’clock to analyse the data,
but then something else came up.
conclusions were drawn. They were continuing their 2 You were so sure that you
research, however, and d are to announce their results the research grant. What a shame that you didn’t!
in two years, when their final report e is due to be 3 One of my mates said he me
published. with the project, but in the end I did it on my own.
Perhaps we will never learn more about creativity than 4 The school extra IT courses this
we already know, which makes the secretive nature of year, but unfortunately the funding for them was
creative minds even more intriguing and unique. cancelled.
We need to bear in mind, however, that mankind … 5 He hoped that the results of the experiment
E

1 wouldn’t have progressed without them. that he was right, but they didn’t.
2 would be better off without them.
6 The lecture at 9 o’clock,
3 would be replaced with technology. but the teacher was late.
PL

6 Finish the sentences about yourself.

1 Before I started secondary school, I was going to
.
2 I’m about to .
M

3 Study the grammar table. Complete the table 3 My class is to .

with examples a–e from the text in exercise 2. 4 As a child, I thought I would .
5 In my next Polish lesson, we are due to
Key Grammar
SA

.
Other ways of talking about the future
● be about to + infinitive is used to say that something is
going to happen very soon, e.g. 1
I never was, am always to be.
● be due to + infinitive is used to talk about things that are
No one ever saw me, nor ever will.
expected or planned at a certain time, e.g. 2
I am about to arrive. What am I?
● be to + infinitive is used in a formal style to talk about
official plans and arrangements, e.g. 3
EE

Future in the past FAST FINISHERS

We use the future in the past to talk about the future from Think about somewhere you would like to be
the perspective of the past. at the moment and write three sentences about
● am/is/are going to changes to was/were going to, e.g. 4 the things that are about to happen and what you
● will changes to would, e.g. 5 are going to do there.
FR

I’m on a desert island, it’s evening. I’m going to build

Grammar Reference 36 a shelter for the night. The sun is about to set.

30 UNIT 2
 2.8

E
Use of English
Grammar and vocabulary practice

PL
1 SPEAK Read the information about the basics of 4 Complete the second sentence so that it
palm reading and make some predictions about each means the same as the first one. Use the words in
other’s futures. capitals.
1 The lecture begins at seven. DUE

M
Palm Reading Heart line:
The lecture at seven.
number of
2 Martin is going to have his first driving lesson
relationships
Head line: tomorrow morning. BE

SA
intelligence Fate line: Tomorrow morning, Martin his
luck and first driving lesson.
health 3 I started the creative writing course last month,
Life line: at the beginning of October. STUDYING
Sun line:
length of life By the end of the year, I creative
talent and
writing for three months.
success
4 We have accepted the invitation to give a talk

EE
about VR in fashion at the conference next month.
ARE
2 Complete the sentences with the correct We a talk about VR in fashion
forms of the words from the box. at the conference next month.
5 Our presentation is at nine o’clock this Thursday. A
defect embed enhance follow intrigue mute
We at nine o’clock this Thursday.
1 Neuroscience merged with engineering is a(n)
subject to research in the future.
FR 6 I’m planning to change my mobile next month. WILL
By the end of next month,
mobile.
my
2 There is some sort of threat in any
kind of technological development. 7 We need to research the topic before we draw any
3 Scientists should focus on the areas of conclusions. HAVE
development that will truly our lives. We will draw conclusions after
4 Most of the unfavourable reactions to what they the topic.
proposed were immediately by
the authorities.
5 Complete the text with the correct words
formed from the words in brackets.
5 A lot of influencers aren’t bothered by the fact that
E

someone their account. Have you ever heard of SWOT analysis? It’s a way of
6 The current system is seriously brainstorming ideas and thinking 1 (careful)
and should be replaced as soon as possible. about a topic before taking any binding decisions.
PL

The analysis means suspending 2 (judge)

3 Choose the correct options.
before you consider the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities
1 This time next week, we the end of the exams.
and threats – or SWOT – involved in choosing the best
a celebrate b ’ll be celebrating c ’ll celebrate 3
(solve). With such an approach, several
2 It . Look at that beautiful blue sky! questions require answering, for instance: ‘Is the idea good
M

a doesn’t b won’t have c isn’t going enough to make everyone 4 (convince)?’,

rain rained to rain ‘Will it really result in any kind of 5 (improve)?’,
3 X: Do you know how to do this maths exercise? ‘Are there any 6 (predict) obstacles?’ The next
Y: No. I the teacher in class tomorrow. time you want to embark on a project you’re not sure about,
SA

a ask b will have asked c ’ll ask try out a SWOT analysis! It will definitely help.
4 Have you heard the news? They another rocket
into space tomorrow.
6 SPEAK Discuss the questions in pairs.
a send b ’re sending c ’ll send
1 Do you think your grandchildren’s lives will
5 Milly decided that she an electric car.
be easier or more difficult than your life? Identify
a was due b will buy c would buy as many opportunities and threats as you can.
to buy
EE

2 If you had the chance to spend the rest of your life

6 We won’t leave until you , OK? in space, would you take the opportunity?
a will have b have arrived c won’t have Why/Why not?
arrived arrived
7 Jonathan Silicon Valley next week to see FAST FINISHERS
technology production in action. Think about a problem that is bothering you
FR

a is due to b is about to visit c would visit at the moment. Do a SWOT analysis to decide how
visit to solve it.

UNIT 2 31
 2.9

E
Writing
An article

PL
DOES ‘URBAN’ ALWAYS EQUAL ‘CONGESTED’?

M
I’m on a bus, coming home from school. In fact, The size and occupancy of cars in urban areas
1 I’ve been on this bus for almost an hour, although 3 is also a matter of concern. Most private cars
the journey should take no longer than fifteen in circulation are occupied by one person.

SA
minutes. I look out of the window and see a city Nowadays, there are apps that enable people
taken over by slow-moving cars, buses, lorries to share car journeys. Experts predict that in ten
and other vehicles, crawling along the streets. or twenty years’ time, many cars will have been
All I can think of is that, unless authorities cut down replaced by independently moving electric pods.
and control the amount of traffic in urban centres, Before long, these pods will be all over our streets,
some day we won’t be able to move around at all. delivering people and goods around the city.

EE
2 Let’s face it – traffic jams have become part of
city life. Sooner or later, the traffic in many cities
4 The issue of traffic in our cities is absolutely crucial.
It’s only a matter of time until the authorities begin
will reach total gridlock. Some experts argue that to introduce technological solutions to improve
the traffic flow systems aren’t flexible enough to traffic flow and to reduce the number of vehicles
cope. In the near future, cities will be installing on the streets. And they had better hurry up …
smart traffic lights, which will analyse the amount
of traffic flowing past them and will modify how
frequently the lights change to clear traffic more
efficiently.
FR
1 SPEAK Suggest three solutions which could 4 Read the WATCH OUT | SKILLS box and match
improve public transport in your area. techniques 1–4 to examples a–d below.
1 Catchy title
2 Read the text and answer the questions.
E

2 Personal experience
1 What are the two greatest traffic-related problems 3 Rhetorical questions
in cities, according to the author?
4 Interesting facts and trivia
PL

2 What solutions does the author describe?

3 Where do you think you would find a text like this? a It’s been more than twenty years now since
Give reasons for your answers. I bought my first mobile. As you can imagine,
with its enormous size and limited usability,
3 Read the article again and match paragraphs it looked nothing like the devices we use today.
1–4 to points a–h. Some of the points match more And there seems to be no better proof of how
M

than one paragraph. much we have progressed due to technology.

Yet, progress is not always a blessing …
Paragraph 1 Paragraph 3
b In 2021, the world was stunned with the news
Paragraph 2 Paragraph 4
SA

that businessman and investor Jeff Bezos was

a Make a concluding point planning a space flight. The former Amazon CEO
b Introduce the general topic decided to take an eleven-minute trip into space,
c Refer to the future and so we all began to wonder, ‘Where is this
d Introduce and develop a further main point going to take the mankind?’
e Make a reference to expertise c Have you ever thought what your life will look
f Refer to personal experience like in twenty years’ time? Will you still have
the same friends? Will you be able to form new
EE

g Introduce and develop the first main point

relationships?
h Suggest a solution
d To follow or not to follow – is this really a question?
FR

lorry truck

32 UNIT 2
 E
PL
WATCH OUT | SKILLS Catchy beginnings 7 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
In order to attract readers and encourage them 1 Tom’s behaviour is getting worse. It’s only a matter
to read your article, use different techniques to make of time until …

M
the beginning of the article more intriguing. 2 Rainforest destruction is at an all-time high. Before
long, …
3 I have a burning ambition. Some day, …
5 Study the Key Phrases box and translate into
English. 4 Urban pollution levels are increasing. Sooner

SA
or later, …
1 (Rozumie się samo przez się)
5 The lifespan of human beings has extended.
that we have better access to knowledge than
In the near future, …
previous generations.
6 Technology in education is constantly improving.
2 (Byłoby w interesie wszystkich) In twenty years’ time, …
to introduce new regulations concerning mobile
devices on the school premises. 8 Do the writing task. Follow the steps
3 in the Writing Planner.

EE
(Eksperci przewidują) that
by the end of the decade most courses will have Poproszono Cię o napisanie artykułu do lokalnej
moved online. gazety na temat tego, jak w najbliższych dekadach
4 (To, czego naprawdę potrzeba) postęp technologiczny wpłynie na edukację. Napisz
is a solution backed by cutting-edge technology. artykuł (200 -250 słów), w którym przedstawisz
5 As (co się tyczy edukacji), there wybrane aspekty związku edukacji z technologią oraz
is an urgent need to support it with technology.

Key Phrases
FR wyrazisz opinię na podany temat.

WRITING PLANNER
An article
THINK
Providing solutions
Make a list of points to include in paragraphs 2
There is no simple solution to the problem because …
and 3 (e.g. there are more online lessons, some
One solution might/could be to (introduce) … skills are underdeveloped, new skills are expected
It would be in everyone’s interest to (move) … from students, etc.). Come up with a catchy title
What is really needed is … (e.g. ‘Are changes always for the better?’, ‘Virtual
It goes without saying that you should (limit) … school – yes, please / no, thank you,’ etc.).
If we continue in this way, … PREPARE
E

Without changes/solutions like this, … Organise your notes into four paragraphs:
Stating opinions in an impersonal way 1 choose an introductory technique,
PL

It is thought/said that …
2 introduce the first main point, quote experts, give
examples, use time expressions,
Many believe (that) …
3 introduce the second main point, quote experts,
Some people claim (that) …
give examples, use time expressions,
As far as … is/are concerned, people say … 4 draw a conclusion, refer to the future, express
Some experts argue that … your own opinion.
M

Authorities/Experts predict that … WRITE

Write your article. Use your notes and the Key
6 Complete the future time expressions from Phrases.
the article in exercise 2 with one word in each gap.
SA

CHECK
1 It’s only a of time until … Read your article and answer the questions:
2 or later, ... – Have you included and developed both parts of
3 In the future, … the instruction?
– Is your text within the word limit (200–250 words)?
4 day
– Have you checked your article for spelling mistakes?
5 before
6 in ten or twenty years’
EE

FAST FINISHERS
Design a poster promoting car-pooling.

car pool /kɑː puːl/ noun [C] a group of

people who travel together to work, using
FR

someone else’s car every day

UNIT 2 33
 2.10 Revision

E
PL
VOCABULARY 4 Correct the mistakes in the sentences.
1 Choose the correct options. 1 This weekend, I go to London to see my cousins.
1 I couldn’t do my training due to a swollen knee 2 This time next week, I am lying on a beach in Italy.
joint / intestine. 3 The postman’s about to arriving. Let’s go outside.

M
2 Identifying / Using the pros and cons of a possible 4 There are four trains a day to York on Sundays.
solution can help you make a decision. The first one will leave at 8 am.
3 If the product turns out to be cutting-edge / 5 My holiday will due to start in three days – I can’t wait!

SA
defective, customers have the right to compensation. 6 That suitcase looks heavy, Grandma. I carry it for you!
4 She was waiting for a knuckle / kidney transplant
for three years. USE OF ENGLISH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5 Diarrhoea is a common disorder of the bladder / 5 Complete the sentences with the correct
intestine. forms of the words in brackets. Add any other
6 These measures should merge / enhance necessary words.
the patient’s quality of life. 1 If you read eighteen pages an hour, how many

EE
7 The equipment is hopelessly intriguing / outdated pages (you / read) by five o’clock?
and should be replaced as soon as possible. 2 The show (about / begin) and we
were all waiting impatiently.
2 Complete the sentences with the words from
3 I really didn’t think I (use / sleep)
the box.
in the basement so easily.
brainstorm  ​draw  ​driverless  ​embedded  ​ 4 Please don’t enter until Mr Florin
interactive  ​intuition  ​judgment  ​unfollow

1 I wouldn’t like a microchip in any

FR (come) out.
5 The doctors say that the vaccinations
(due / start) early next month.
part of my body.
6 Your treatment (be / finish) next
2 I don’t think we can conclusions week, but there haven’t been any major effects yet.
from these results. They’re ambiguous.
3 A good approach to finding an answer to a problem 6 Choose the correct words to complete
is to solutions. the text.
4 Creative thinking is about using your A team of scientific researchers from the University Carlos III
to come up with ideas how to deal with problems. of Madrid 1 a major breakthrough in bioengineering
5 My ex-girlfriend posted a photo of her new recently. They 2 research into creating human skin
E

boyfriend on Instagram. I was upset and decided artificially, when they 3 the idea of using 3D bioprinters,
to her. which 4 them to go a step further and print living skin
6 Don’t laugh at other people’s ideas – suspend in the future. Using current methods, the bioprinter 5
PL

even if something seems crazy to you! produce an endless supply of real human skin, which
7 Can emotionally technology researchers 6 for testing purposes, mostly for cosmetics
really work? Will a device ever be able to truly and other pharmaceuticals. In the long term, it is possible
understand our feelings? that the printed skin will be used to help burn victims.
8 Given all the accidents involving The team 7 with the idea of creating human skin that
can grow hair, and they are currently investigating how this
M

cars, it seems they aren’t completely safe yet.

8
. In the future, they think they will be able to print
GRAMMAR entire human organs, such as kidneys.
3 Complete the sentences with the correct 1 A made B would make
SA

forms of the words in brackets. C had made D used to make

1 It’s time for a break! In ten minutes, you 2 A carried out B have carried out
(work) for ten hours non-stop. C used to carry out D were carrying out
2 As soon as they (collect) the data 3 A hit on B were hit on
next week, they (publish) the results. C used to hit on D had hit on
3 By the time Alexandra gets home, she 4 A is allowing B will have allowed
(make) a decision. C was going to allow D will allow
EE

4 Take an umbrella – it (rain). 5 A will be able to B was able to

C will have been able to D is being able to
5 Ali (do) the experiment today, but
his plans fell apart. 6 A are using B are going to use
C will have used D use
6 I promise that by the end of the class, we
(find out) the answer. 7 A used to also come up B was also coming up
C have also come up D had also come up
FR

7 At that point, Thomas knew he

(not / accept) their invitation even if he got one. 8 A achieves B will be being achieved
C will have been achieved D will be achieved
34 UNIT 2
 E
PL
LISTENING SPEAKING
7 1.19 Listen to three recordings and choose
8 Describe the photos and answer
the correct answers.
the questions.
Text 1

M
Uczeń A
1 During the drive, the boy felt
A safe.
B intrigued.

SA
C insecure.
Text 2
2 Which of the following is stated as a fact,
not as an opinion?
A The cab service lost the public trust after
the accident.
B Driverless cars do not follow safety rules.

EE
C Self-driving will become normal in two to three
years.
Text 3
3 The talk begins with a scene which
A is a description of a real crash. 1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of

C leads to the death of six people.

FR
B constitutes a part of a psychological experiment. letting children use technology?
2 What would your life look like without technology?
D is used in programming car controlling software. 3 When was the last time technology failed you?
What happened?
4 The speaker
A is generally in favour of driverless cars. Uczeń B
B quotes some arguments for driverless cars to
influence her audience.
C is not convinced that driverless cars are safe.
D finds the software trustworthy.
E

5 At the end of the talk, the speaker expresses

A hope that driverless cars will be safer.
B anger at the number of road accidents.
PL

C moral doubts connected with human-driven cars.

D the need for software that is more alert to
danger.
M

1 Could robots replace people? Why/Why not?

2 What do elderly people use technology for?
SA

3 Describe a situation in which technology helped

you a lot.

WRITING

10 Do the writing task.

Gazetka szkolna publikuje cykl artykułów
EE

o wpływie postępu technologicznego na turystykę.

Napisz artykuł o komercyjnych lotach w kosmos
(200–250 słów), w którym opiszesz, dlaczego ludzie
decydują się na takie loty, oraz przedstawisz swoją
opinię na ten temat.
FR

UNIT 2 35
 E
Grammar Reference Unit 2

PL
2.2 The future
Czas present simple stosujemy, gdy chcemy opisać wydarzenia
UWAGA!
zaplanowane w harmonogramach, rozkładach jazdy itp., np.
Za pomocą czasu future continuous można również
My plane lands at 2 pm, so I’ll have plenty of time to get to the hotel.
wyrazić uprzejmą prośbę lub zapytanie, np. Will you
Czas present continuous stosujemy, gdy mówimy o wydarzeniach be using your e-reader tonight? I’d like to borrow it.

M
zaplanowanych na najbliższą przyszłość, których szczegóły są już
znane, np. Ben and Alice are coming over for dinner tomorrow, so we Czas future perfect (will + have + past participle)
need to go shopping later today. stosujemy, gdy mówimy o czynnościach i stanach,
Konstrukcja be going to + bezokolicznik służy do opisywania: które zakończą się do określonego momentu

SA
• ogólnych planów i zamierzeń, które mogą ulec zmianie, np. w przyszłości, np.: If all goes well, we’ll have graduated
My dad says that he’s not going to buy a driverless car, no matter how from medical school by the age of twenty-five.
cheap they are. Określenia czasu typowe dla future perfect to, m.in.:
by (3 pm), by (17 March/Monday), by (2040),
• przewidywań dotyczących przyszłości popartych dowodami lub
by the end of next (week), by the time (subject + verb),
opartych na obserwacji tego, co dzieje się w chwili obecnej, np.
by the age of (forty).
I haven’t finished my essay yet, and the deadline is today. I’m going to
get an F. Czas future perfect continuous (will + have + been
Za pomocą konstrukcji will + bezokolicznik możemy wyrazić: + -ing) służy do opisywania czynności i stanów,

EE
które będą trwały w określonym momencie
• ogólne przewidywania i nadzieje na przyszłość niepoparte
w przyszłości już od jakiegoś czasu. Używamy
konkretnymi dowodami, np.: Let’s hope it won’t be too cold
go wtedy, kiedy chcemy położyć nacisk na czas
tomorrow – otherwise they’ll cancel the open-air concert.
trwania danej czynności lub po prostu o nim
• spontaniczne decyzje i propozycje, np.: Let’s work together. I’ll cook poinformować, np.: By five o’clock, I’ll have been
the pasta, and you’ll make the sauce. trying to fix your tablet for three hours.
Czas future continuous (will + be + -ing) stosujemy, gdy chcemy opisać:
• czynności, które będą trwały w określonym momencie
FR
w przyszłości, np. This time next week, we’ll be watching the new
James Bond film at the cinema.
Określenia czasu typowe dla future perfect
continuous to, m.in.: wszystkie określenia typowe
dla czasu future perfect oraz: when, for (six) (years).

• zdarzenia, co do których jesteśmy pewni, że nastąpią UWAGA!

w przyszłości, np. I’ll be going to the chemist’s after work, so let me W tzw. future time clauses, a więc po wyrażeniach:
know if you need anything. when, as soon as, until, before, after itp., zwykle
występuje czas present simple, np. Mum won’t start
• czynności, które mają miejsce regularnie i z pewnością będą miały
making dinner until we’re all back home.
miejsce w określonym momencie w przyszłości, np. I won’t be able
to meet you at twelve – I’ll be having my driving lesson then. Aby położyć nacisk na to, że dana czynność musi
zostać zakończona, zanim stanie się coś innego,
Określenia czasu typowe dla future continuous to, m.in.: at (9 am),
zamiast present simple można użyć present perfect,
on (30 November/Sunday), in (June/2025), in (five) years’ time,
np. I’ll mute the TV as soon as I’ve found the remote.
E

this (week), next (month), this time next (year).

2.7 Other futures: be about to; be due to; be + infinitive ● Future in the past
PL

Other futures Future in the past

• Konstrukcja be about to + bezokolicznik służy do opisywania Future in the past stosujemy, mówiąc o wydarzeniach,
zdarzeń, które będą miały miejsce w bardzo niedalekiej które z perspektywy przeszłości miały dopiero nastąpić.
przyszłości. W języku polskim podobne znaczenie Najczęściej korzystamy z future in the past w mowie
wyrażamy za pomocą sformułowania „zaraz/za chwilę zależnej, tzn. przytaczając czyjeś słowa dot. przyszłych
(zrobię/będę robić)…” np.: I’m about to make a cup of tea – zdarzeń, które do tej pory być może miały już miejsce.
M

do you want one too?

Future Future in the past
• Konstrukcję be due to + bezokolicznik stosujemy do opisu
present simple past simple
zdarzeń, które są z góry zaplanowane lub których się
spodziewamy, np.: The IT manager is due to submit his report The note says the conference The note said the conference
SA

by the end of the week. begins at 9 am. began at 9 am.

• Konstrukcja be to + bezokolicznik jest charakterystyczna present continuous past continuous
dla stylu formalnego i opisuje oficjalne plany, ustalenia
She’s starting a coding course She was starting a coding
i obowiązki, np.: We are to pay the rent by the 20th of June.
on Monday. course on Monday.
UWAGA! am/is/are going to + was/were going to +
Istnieje jeszcze kilka innych, podobnych form odnoszących bezokolicznik bezokolicznik
się do przyszłości, m.in.:
EE

I’m going to ask my GP for I was going to ask my GP for

• be supposed to + bezokolicznik – do opisu oczekiwań
advice about my migraines. advice about my migraines.
i wymagań względem kogoś lub czegoś, np. Students are
supposed to hand in three essays by the end of the term. will + bezokolicznik would + bezokolicznik
• be (un)likely to + bezokolicznik – do opisu zdarzeń, które Dad is sure that it won’t rain Dad was sure that it wouldn’t
są (mało) prawdopodobne, np. She hasn’t got much on the day of our wedding. rain on the day of our wedding.
experience, so she’s unlikely to get the job.
FR

Extra Grammar Practice 148

36 UNIT 2
 E
Wordlist

PL
– KEY WORDS VOCABULARY 2 MP3 13
abdomen /ˈæbdəmən/ brzuch
VOCABULARY 1 MP3 10 aesthetic medicine /iːsˌθetɪk ˈmedəsən/ medycyna estetyczna
access sth /ˈækses ˌsʌmθɪŋ/ mieć dostęp do czegoś birthmark /ˈbɜːθmɑːk/ znamię
at the wave of a hand /ət ðə ˌweɪv əv ə ˈhænd/ na machnięcie/ bladder /ˈblædə/ pęcherz
skinienie ręką bodily fluid /ˌbɒdɪli ˈfluːɪd/ płyn ustrojowy
bionic hand /baɪˈɒnɪk ˈhænd/ bioniczna proteza ręki chest /tʃest/ klatka piersiowa

M
blueberry /ˈbluːbəri/ borówka deadly disease /ˌdedli dɪˈziːz/ śmiertelna choroba
broadband /ˈbrɔːdbænd/ szerokopasmowy diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪz/ cukrzyca
cutting-edge /ˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒ/ pionierski, nowatorski digestive organs /dɪˌdʒestɪv ˈɔːɡənz/ narządy trawienne
defective /dɪˈfektɪv/ wadliwy external /ɪkˈstɜːnəl/ zewnętrzny
detect wykryć inflict pain zadawać ból

SA
/dɪˈtekt/ /ɪnˌflɪkt ˈpeɪn/
domestic appliance /dəˌmestɪk əˈplaɪəns/ urządzenie domowe insulin /ˈɪnsjʊlɪn/ insulina
driverless car /ˌdraɪvərləs ˈkɑː/ samochód intestine /ɪnˈtestɪn/ jelito
autonomiczny internal /ɪnˈtɜːnəl/ wewnętrzny
efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ wydajny invasive /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/ inwazyjny
electrical tube /ɪˌlektrɪkəl ˈtjuːb/ rurka osłonowa joint /dʒɔɪnt/ staw
na przewody kidney /ˈkɪdni/ nerka
elektryczne knuckle /ˈnʌkəl/ kostka, knykieć
embedded /ɪmˈbedɪd/ wbudowany, osadzony lean /liːn/ szczupły
emotionally /ɪˌməʊʃənəli interaktywny liver /ˈlɪvə/ wątroba

EE
interactive ˌɪntəˈræktɪv/ emocjonalnie lung /lʌŋ/ płuco
faulty /ˈfɔːlti/ uszkodzony mole /məʊl/ pieprzyk, znamię
feasible /ˈfiːzəbəl/ wykonalny, realny obese /əʊˈbiːs/ otyły
host /həʊst/ zapewniać sprzęt operate (on sb) /ˈɒpəreɪt (ɒn ˌsʌmbədi)/ operować (kogoś)
i oprogramowanie palm /pɑːm/ dłoń
pozwalające istnieć pancreas /ˈpæŋkrɪəs/ trzustka
stronie internetowej
rib /rɪb/ żebro
intriguing intrygujący
limitation
microchip implant
mute
/ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ/
/ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən/
/ˈmaɪkrəʊtʃɪp ˌɪmplɑːnt/
/mjuːt/
ograniczenie
biochip
wyciszyć
FR scar
silhouette
skin mark
state-of-the-art
/skɑː/
/ˌsɪluːˈet/
/ˈskɪn mɑːk/
/ˌsteɪt əv ði ˈɑːt/
blizna
sylwetka
znamię
najnowocześniejszy
operate sth /ˈɒpəreɪt ˌsʌmθɪŋ/ obsługiwać coś
transplantology /ˈtrænsˌplɑːntˈɒlədʒi/ transplantologia
outdated /aʊtˈdeɪtɪd/ przestarzały
trim /trɪm/ szczupły, wysportowany
underprivileged /ˌʌndəˈprɪvəlɪdʒd/ nieuprzywilejowany, (zwłaszcza o sylwetce)
pokrzywdzony
vaccination /ˌvæksɪˈneɪʃən/ szczepienie
(przez los)
vein /veɪn/ żyła
unfollow /ʌnˈfɒləʊ/ przestać obserwować
wrist /rɪst/ nadgarstek
user-friendly /ˌjuːzə ˈfrendli/ przyjazny
dla użytkownika
LISTENING MP3 14
virtual assistant /ˌvɜːtʃʊəl əˈsɪstənt/ wirtualny asystent
warring /ˈwɔːrɪŋ/ wojujący brainstorm solutions /ˌbreɪnˌstɔːm səˈluːʃənz/ szukać rozwiązania
za pomocą burzy mózgów
E

GRAMMAR 1 MP3 11 consider alternatives /kənˌsɪdər ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪvz/ rozważyć opcje

draw conclusions /ˌdrɔː kənˈkluːʒənz/ wyciągać wnioski
advance /ədˈvɑːns/ iść do przodu
identify pros and cons /aɪˌdentɪfaɪ prəʊz ən ˈkɒnz/ określić plusy i minusy
attempt /əˈtempt/ próbować, usiłować
imagine possibilities /ɪˌmædʒɪn ˌpɒsəˈbɪlətiz/ wyobrazić sobie możliwości
PL

decent /ˈdiːsənt/ porządny, sympatyczny

personality trait /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti treɪt/ cecha osobowości
fortune-teller /ˈfɔːtʃənˌtelə/ wróżka
predict the effects /prɪˌdɪkt ði ɪˈfekts/ przewidzieć skutki
STEM (Science, /stem (ˈsaɪəns, STEM (nauka,
suspend judgment /səˌspend ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ wstrzymać się z wydaniem
Technology, tekˈnɒlədʒi, technologia,
opinii
Engineering ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ inżynieria
and Mathematics) ənd ˌmæθəˈmætɪks/ i matematyka) technological /ˌteknəˌlɒdʒɪkəl postęp
advances ədˈvɑːnsɪz/ technologiczny
READING MP3 12 use your intuition /ˌjuːz jər ˌɪntjuˈɪʃən/ użyć intuicji
M

willingness /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/ chęć, gotowość

affordable /əˈfɔːdəbəl/ przystępny cenowo
artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl/ sztuczny GRAMMAR 2 MP3 15
cancer /ˈkænsə/ rak, nowotwór złośliwy
bear in mind /ˌbeər ɪn ˈmaɪnd/ mieć na uwadze
enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ zwiększyć, wzmocnić,
change one’s mind /ˌtʃeɪndʒ wʌnz ˈmaɪnd/ zmienić zdanie
SA

poprawić
facial muscles /ˌfeɪʃəl ˈmʌsəlz/ mięśnie twarzy enumerate /ɪˈnjuːməreɪt/ wymienić, wyliczyć
headset /ˈhedˌset/ zestaw słuchawkowy reward sb with /rɪˈwɔːd ˌsʌmbədi wɪð ˌ nagradzać kogoś
in (general) use /ɪn (ˌdʒenərəl) ˈjuːs/ w (powszechnym) sth ˌsʌmθɪŋ/ czymś
użyciu
link up /ˌlɪŋk ˈʌp/ łączyć, podłączać USE OF ENGLISH MP3 16
make strides /ˌmeɪk ˈstraɪdz/ robić postępy binding decision /ˌbaɪndɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒən/ wiążąca decyzja
merge /mɜːdʒ/ połączyć embark on sth /ɪmˈbɑːk ɒn ˌsʌmθɪŋ/ zabrać się do czegoś
mind reading /ˈmaɪnd ˌriːdɪŋ/ czytanie w myślach fate /feɪt/ los
mouth powiedzieć bezgłośnie palm reading /ˈpɑːm ˌriːdɪŋ/ czytanie z dłoni
EE

/maʊð/
pick up /ˌpɪk ˈʌp/ odebrać (sygnał) unfavourable /ʌnˈfeɪvərəbəl/ nieprzychylny
purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ zakup
telepathy /tɪˈlepəθi/ telepatia WRITING MP3 17
wearable /ˈweərəbəl/ nadający się car-pool /ˈkɑː puːl/ podwozić się wzajemnie
do noszenia congested /kənˈdʒestɪd/ zatłoczony
crawl /krɔːl/ wlec się
crucial /ˈkruːʃəl/ istotny
FR

gridlock /ˈɡrɪdlɒk/ zator, korek

in circulation /ɪn ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən/ w obiegu
urban pollution /ˌɜːbən pəˈluːʃən/ zanieczyszczenie miast

UNIT 2 37