HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Welcome to the module in Heavy Equipment Operation (Forklift) NC II. This

module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Prepare Construction Materials and Tools “
contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a trainers course. It is one
of the specialized modules at Heavy Equipment Operation (Forklift) NC II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome are
Information Sheets and Resources Sheets (Reference Materials for further
reading to help you better understand the required activities). Follow these
activities on your own and answer the self-check at the end of each learning
outcome. You may remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each module (or
get one from your facilitator/trainer) to write your answers for each self-check.
If you have questions, don‟t hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered
in this learner's guide because you have:
 been working for some time
 already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a
particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized
so you don't have to do the same training again. If you have a qualification or
Certificate of Competency from previous trainings, show it to your trainer. If
the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the unit/s of
competency they may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. If
you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss this with your
trainer.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency,
in Utilize Electronic Media in Facilitating Training. This will be the source of
information for you to acquire knowledge and skills in this particular trade
independently and at your own pace, with minimum supervision or help from
your instructor.
 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the
Training of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is
divided into sections, which cover all the skills, and knowledge you
need to successfully complete this module.
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in
each section. Read information sheets and complete the self-check.
 Suggested references are included to supplement the materials
provided in this module.
 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or
manager. He/she is there to support you and show you the correct
way to do things.
 Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important
that you listen and take notes.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and
practice on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during
regular work shifts. This way you will improve both your speed and
memory and also your confidence.
 Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.
 Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your
own progress. When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you
perform the activities outlined in this module.
 As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on
your progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment
reports for this reason. When you have successfully completed
each element, ask your trainer to mark on the reports that you are
ready for assessment.
 When you have completed this module (or several modules), and
feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer
will arrange an appointment with registered assessor to assess
you. The results of your assessment will be recorded in your
competency Achievement Record.
 Heavy Equipment Operation (Forklift) NC II

LIST COMPETENCIES

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1 Prepare Construction Preparing CON 931201

materials and tools Construction
Materials and
Tools

2 Observe Procedures, Observing CON311201

Specifications and Procedures,
Manuals of Instruction Specifications
and Manuals of
Instruction

3 Interpret Technical Interpreting CON311204

Drawings and Plans Technical
Drawings and
Plans

3 Perform Mensurations Performing CON 311203

. and Calculations Mensurations
and calculations

Maintain Tools and Maintaining CON311204

4 Equipments Tools and
equipments
 Program Course : Heavy Equipment Operation (Forklift) NC II
Unit of Competency : Prepare Construction Materials and Tools
Module : Preparing construction Materials and Tools
INTRODUCTION:
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes on identifying
requesting and receiving construction materials and tools based on the
required performance standards.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this module you should be able to:
LO1. Identify Materials and Tools applicable to a Specific Job Requirements
LO2. Request Materials and Tools
LO3. Receive and Inspect Materials.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
1. Tools and materials are identified as per job requirements.
2. Tools are classified according to its function as per job requirements.
3. Materials are classified according to its uses to a specific construction project.
4. Tools and materials are selected as per job requirements.
5. Needed materials and tools listed as per job requirements .
6. Materials and tools are requested according to the list prepared.
7. Requests are done as per company standard operating procedures ( SOP )
8. Materials and tools are substituted and provided unavailable without sacrificing
cost and quality of work
9. Received and inspected materials and tools as per quantity And specification based on
requisition
10. Tools and materials are checked for damages and manufacturing Defects
11. Materials and tools received are handled with appropriate safety devices.

12. Materials and tools are set aside to appropriate location nearest to the
workplace
 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome # 1
Identify materials and tools
applicable to a specific
construction job

Contents:
1. Types and uses of construction materials and
tools
2. Description of materials and tools
3. listing of materials as per company standards

Assessment Criteria:

1. Tools and materials are identified as per job requirements

2. Tools are classified according to its function as per job requirements
3. Materials are classified according to its uses to a specific
construction project
4. tools and materials are selected as per job requirement.

Conditions:
Trainees must be provided with following:

 Workplace location
 Materials relevant to the unit of competency
 Materials and
Tools 1.Electrical
2.Structural
3.welding
4.Masonry
5.Carpentry
6.plumbing
7.Pipefitting
Materials and tools different brand names,size,capacity
band kind of application
Handouts/Instructional materials

METHODOLOGIES:
1. Lecture-demonstration
2. Self-paced instruction
3. Group discussion
 4. Powerpoint presentation

Assessment Method:
Oral questioning
WrittenTest
Direct observation
Learning Outcome #1:
Identify materials and tools applicable to a specific construction job
Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read Information Sheet 1.1-1” Tools Try to read, and analyze and
used for Construction“ understand the module by yourself
Answer Self-Check 1.1-1
Check your answer using the Answer
Key 1.1-1
Read Information Sheet 1.1-2 Variety Consult your trainer if you have a
of Building materials problems about the module
Answer Self-Check 1.1-2
Check your answer using the Answer
Key 1.1-2
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1

Types of Construction Tools and Equipments

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet YOU should be able
to identify the different types of tools used in construction.

Tools Used In Carpentry

I. STRIKING TOOLS.
1. Tools that are used for
striking only, as Hammers
and Mallets.

2. Tools that are used for striking and

cutting, as Hatchets, Axes, Adzes,
etc.

II. RASPING TOOLS, OR TOOLS THAT ACT BY ABRASION.

1. 2. Rasps and Files, for smoothing, shaping, cutting, etc.
 Saws of all kinds, for cutting wood.

PARING TOOLS OF ALL KINDS.

1. Planes of various kinds, for smoothing, moulding, etc.

2. Spokeshaves and Drawing-knives.

3. Chisels and Gouges.

III. BORING TOOLS.

Gimlets

Bradawls

Auger Brace and Bit

IV. HOLDING OR GRASPING TOOLS.

Pincers. and Pliers

 Nippers

Wrenches

Bench Vise Hand-vise

V. TOOLS FOR GUIDANCE AND DIRECTION

Carpenter's Rule

Chalk Line

A chalk line comes in a metal or

plastic case, with a cotton line
coming out of one end. As the
line is pulled out, it passes
through a fine chalk powder,
usually blue or red. When this
line is stretched between two
points and snapped, it will leave
an imprint on the surface being snapped. A chalk line is used for
laying out a block wall on a concrete foundation to get the alignment
correct.

Square, Bevel Gauge

 Mortising Gauge,

Mitre-Box

Spirit Level
 Plumb Bob

Compasses

VI. MISCELLANEOUS TOOLS NOT SUBJECT TO CLASSIFICATION

Screwdriver Nail-Punch ,

Scriber, Rymer or Reamer

MASONRY TOOLS AND EQUIPMENNT

Triangular trowel

There are different kinds and sizes of trowels. The blade should be made of
forged steel to last longer. Handles are generally made of plastic or wood.
Blades vary from 9 to 12 inches in length and 4 to 7 inches in width. The
larger trowels are used for spreading mortar. A variety of smaller trowels are
used repairing old mortar joints and scraping off excess mortar. A trowel that
you feel comfortable with can be used to do all of the above, however, you will
need a separate tool to finish the mortar joints.

Mason’s hammer

This tool is used for hammering nails and for splitting block or brick with the
other end. One end is square and flat and is used like a hammer. The other
end is sharp, like a small chisel. The sharp chisel-end is used to make a
cutting line around the masonry to be split.

Blocking chisel
If there are more than just a few blocks or bricks that need to be split, and
very clean cuts are required, then a blocking chisel should be used. This is a
heavier, wider chisel, up to 8 inches wide. It comes in a variety of sizes and
shapes. These chisels are made of steel and are used by holding the small
end and striking the end with a heavy mashing hammer, mallet or sledge
hammer. This will give a clean cut with usually just one blow.

Mashing hammer

A mashing hammer is used to strike the chisel

when cutting block. It is not recommended to
use a mason's hammer to strike the chisel
since the tempered steel might split and a
piece fly off. A mashing hammer has two
striking ends and will weigh from two to four
pounds.

If you are cutting large quantities of block or

brick, you may want to use a masonry power saw.
The two basic types of saws are either hand-held
or table saws. The hand-held saws usually have a
silicon blade about 6 or 7" high and, therefore, will
not give a clean cut all the way through an 8"
block. But a hand-held saw is much quicker and
gives a cleaner cut rather than working with a
chisel and hammer

Level

The purpose of the level is to keep the work you are be straight or level. If you
lay more than one block at a time, you might want to get a level that is at least
36" long. Some levels are available up to 48", although mostly used by
 professional masons. Since most block
is 16" long, you'll want a level between
18" and 24".doing plumb (even up and
down, or vertically) and even straight
across, or horizontally. A good level
usually has 6 vials, two in the center,
two at each end. The bubble must line
up between the two red or black lines in
order to

Steel square
When laying your wall, you'll want to
make sure your corners are at a 90 degree
angle, assuming you're building a square or
rectangle wall. A large steel square, usually
24" long, should be used for marking off
corners when laying out the job, and for
checking corners as the wall is being built. If
you are building a room, garage, etc., you'll
also want to use a 12" square for checking
window and door openings. If these openings are not square, the windows and
door may not fit.

Jointer

A jointer is used to finish a mortar joint after it becomes hard enough so that
a finger print will show in the mortar upon being pressed. Jointers come in
many sizes and shapes, but typically, for blocks, you'll use a sled jointer to
create a 3/8th inch joint for long horizontal joints. Vertical or head joints,
which are only 8" high, use a
smaller jointer. Jointers are
shaped to give a variety of
indentations, depending on
your preference. The most
popular are the V joint and
the half-rounded joint
(concave joint). These two
kinds of joints help shed water
better than any other kind of
joint.
If you are using clay brick, or other brick products, you will want to use a
jointer made specifically for brick.

Brushes
After a wall is built, there may be some
mortar stains or powder residue on the
wall. Before cleaning solutions are used,
these marks can often be brushed off the
surface. A variety of brushes are
available. Powder residue can usually be
brushed off with a medium soft bristle
brush. A light accumulation of mortar could be brushed with a stiff bristle
brush. If not, an abrasive stone or piece of same block or brick after testing in
an obscure area may do the job.

PLUMBING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

1. 1/2 X 75 Ft Cable For Ridgid Drain Cleaner

- 96080 A 1/2 x 75 ft replacement cable for
your Ridgid Drain Cleaner - # 96080.
Features: Solid Core Replacement Drain
Cleaning Cable...

2. Ridgid Constant Swing Tubing Cutter 1/8 to

1-1/8 The Ridgid Constant Swing Tubing Cutter
is specially designed to enable you to make cuts
in tight or hard to reach areas. Cut a variety of materials with minimal
effort, including copper, brass.

3. Ridgid Mini Tubing Cutter was specifically designed

for use in restricted spaces on small diameter, hard
and soft copper, aluminum, brass and plastic tubing.
Its rollers include grooves for close-to-flare...
 4. Ridgid Pipe Cutter is designed with and extra-large
handle for improved comfort and easy adjustment. Cut
pipes and tubing with minimal effort either by hand or by
power.

5. Ridgid® Pipe Threading Machine, Model 300 Power

Drive - 1/8 in. to 2 in. Pipe Capacity

6. Ridgid® Rapidgrip™ Pipe

Wrench, Heavy-Duty - 10 in.

Ridgid® Straight Pipe Wrench, Heavy-Duty

- Cast-Iron - 8 in.

This 8" Ridgid Pipe Wrench features sturdy, cast-iron housing and an I-beam
handle with a floating forged hook jaw. It also has self-cleaning threads with
replaceable hook and heel jaws. This heavy-duty pipe wrench complies with
federal specifications GGG-N65IE, Type ll, Class A.
Ridgid Micro CA-100 Inspection Camera w/ 17mm Camera Head

Features & Applications:

The Ridgid Micro CA-100 Inspection Camera is designed

for ease of use and comfort. A pistol-grip design enables
you to easily use the inspection camera with one hand and
perform visual inspections in hard to reach areas. A more
advanced version of the SeeSnake® Micro Inspection
Camera, the Ridgid Micro CA-100 Inspection Camera
makes inspection easier than ever, and features a 3/4
inch, 17mm anodized aluminum camera head with 4 super bright LEDs. The
unit allows for rotation of the image for better viewing, and the addition of a
6mm camera accessory will enable you to perform inspections in a wide
range of applications and areas.

Specifications:

Display (234 x 160 Resolution): 3.5˝ Color LCD

Camera Head: Aluminum 17mm

Lighting: 4 Adjustable LEDs

Cable Reach: 3'

Video Output: 3´ RCA Cable

Power Source: Batteries (4 x “AA”)

Attachements: Mirror, Hook & Magnet

Weight 5.5 lbs (2.5 kg)

Electrical tools
 Long Nose Plier

Diagonal Cutter

Side Cutting Plier

Multitester (VOM)

Multipurpose tools

Screw Drivers Wire Stripper

 Portable electric drills Hacksaw

Gimlets
Claw Hammer

Tile cutting tool Stone tile setting tools

Tile setting trowel

Common Tile Setting Tools

 Self-Check 1.1-1

Fill in the blanks: Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct word or
group of words to complete the meaning of the sentence. So wood wont split

1. This is an example of striking tool.

a. Hammer
b. Saw
c. Screw driver
d. Gimlet
 Answer Key # 1.1-1

1.Hammer
2.Drill bits
3.Circular saw
4.Crowbar
5.Tool belt
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2
Variety of Building Materials and Their Uses

Learning Objective: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST

be able to identify the different types and uses of
Construction materials

Variety of Building Materials and Their Uses

Materials used for the construction of houses, offices and commercial
Buildings are classified as building materials. The most commonly use
materials for construction purposes include cement, stones, rocks, tiles
and bricks. Different materials are used according to specific requirements,
availability of space and type of structure to be built

Building Materials Used Before and Now

Building materials used during early years were stone, mud and other
materials. Instead of concrete, mud was used to fill the gaps between bricks
and stones. Construction was done using crude methods and techniques. Clay,
leaves, twigs and so forth were also used by people in the olden days to build
houses.

Some of the most frequently used building materials include:

Clay and mud: During the earlier days, clay and mud was the most commonly
used material though it was not as strong as the concrete constructions.
However, it helped to keep houses cool during summers.

Wood: Another most frequently used material is wood. Down the ages, wood
has been used by people to build homes, furniture like tables, desks, chairs
and so forth. Wooden homes and cabins are found in many places even today.
Depending on the type of wood used, these houses are affected by varying
climatic conditions.

Metal: Metals are also among the commonly used building materials. Huge
mansions and offices built of metals are strong and last for a life time. Today
most of the constructions are done in metal to retain its elegance and strength.

Concrete: Concrete is another material which is used for construction

purposes. It is a combination of sand, cement, water and gravel. Most of the
constructions are done in concrete today. It has become an indispensable part
of construction process. It is long lasting and strong compared to mud and
wood houses.

Granite: Being one of the hardest materials available for constructing walls,
floors and kitchen accessories, this stone has been in use since ancient times.
granite countertops are among the most preferred material for kitchen
countertop. Its durability and opulence are the main reasons why it is chosen
by most of the people to decorate their homes.

The other advantages of this stone are that it is highly heat resistant and can
be cleaned easily. It does not retain any stains and bacteria. Though it is a bit
expensive, it is indeed an investment which last for a life time.

Apart from these there are many more building materials used in the modern
times like non shrink grouts, multi wall panel, steel roof drain, crushed stones,
wall putty, insulation products and so forth. Brass materials are also used for
construction purposes.

Today the business of building materials has flourished with the increase in
constructions of houses, factories, industries and offices. New products are
available in the online stores at affordable rates. In addition to construction
materials you can even find flooring materials which are quite versatile.
Marbles, tiles, granite in unimaginable sizes and designs are obtained from the
online markets. By logging on to a good website, you can find materials for
your new home and office.
 Self-Check # 1.1-1

Multiple choice:Direction: Choose the best answer by copying the letter of the
correct answer

1. Frequently used material during earlier days for

construction a.Clay c.granite
b.Stone d.Concrete

2. Another material which is used for construction

purposes a.Stone c. Clay

b.Concrete d.Granite

3. Use to built huge mansions and offices

a.Concrete c.Granite
b.Stone d.Metal
4. Highly heat resistant and can be cleaned easily
a.Stone c.metal
b.Concrete d.Clay
5. One of hardest material available for constructing floors kitchen
accessories a.granite c.stone
b.Clay d.concrete
 Answer Key

1. a
2. b
3. d
4. c
5. a
 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome # 2
Request Appropriate Materials
and Tools

Contents:
1. Different forms
 JOB order slip
 Tools and Materials requisition slip
 Borrowers slip
2.Requisition Procedures

Assessment Criteria:

1.Needed materials and tools listed as per job requirement

2.Materials and tools are requested according to the list
prepared
3. Requests are done as per company standard operating
procedures
4. Materials and tools are substituted and provided
unavailable without sacrificing cost and quality of work
Conditions:
Trainees must be provided with following:
1. Sample of company standard in tools and materials
requisition
2. Job order form
3.Requisition
slip 4.Borrowers
slip
5.Handouts/instructional materials

METHODOLOGIES:
Lecture-demonstration
Self-paced instruction
Group discussion

Assessment Method:
Oral questioning
Written Test
Direct observation
 Learning Experiences

Learning Activities Special Instruction

Read information sheet #1.2-1Sample Read module to be able to answer self-
Job Order form check
Answer Self-Check 1.1-2
Check your answer using the Answer
Key 1.1-2
Read information sheet #1.2-
1SampleRequisition slip

INFORMATION SHEET 1.2-1

Learning Objective: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST
be able to identify the different forms used in construction

Job order forms are important to a job seeker as the form is the first point of contact that has one
with a potential employer. Making a good impression is vital as it determines whether you get
the job or not. Job order forms vary according to the needs of various companies.

Sample Job Order Form

Job Summary:

Job title:

Date of Hire: Closure Date:

How many openings

Company Information:

Company/ employer:

Type of business:

Address: City:

State: Zip:

Contact person:

Title:

Phone:

Email:

Client Information:

Name:

Address: City:

State: Zip code:

Phone: Fax:
Email: Web:

Position to be filled:

Qualifications required:

Experience:

Responsibilities:

Salary:

Per Hour: Month: Year:

Other:

Benefits:

Medical: Dental: Vacations:

Shifts:

Day: Hours:

Night: Hours:
 Self-check #1.2-1

Answer the following called for:

1. What is meant by job sheet and what is its importance ?
2. What are the contents of job sheet ?
 Answer key #1.2-1

1. Job order forms are important to a job seeker as the form is the first point of contact that has
one with a potential employer. Making a good impression is vital as it determines whether you
get the job or not. Job order forms vary according to the needs of various companies.

2. Job Summary:

Job title:

Date of Hire: Closure Date:

How many openings

Company Information:

Company/ employer:

Type of business:

Address: City:

State: Zip:

Contact person:

Title:

Phone:

Email:

Client Information:

Name:

Address: City:

State: Zip code:

Phone: Fax:

Email: Web:

Position to be filled:
Qualifications required:

Experience:

Responsibilities:

Salary:

Per Hour: Month: Year:

Other:

Benefits:

Medical: Dental: Vacations:

Shifts:

Day: Hours:

Night: Hours:
 Information Sheet 1.2-1
Learning Objective: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST
be able to identify the different forms used in construction
LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Learning Outcome # 3
Receive and Inspect materials

Contents:
 1.Procedures in receiving tools and Materials Procedures
in receiving tools and materials
 Proper inspection of tools and materials received.
 Proper handling of tools and materials.

Assessment Criteria:

1. Received and inspected materials and tools as per quantity and

specification based on requisition.
2. Tools and materials are checked for damages and manufacturing
defects.
3. Materials and tools received are handled with appropriate safety
devices.
4. Materials and tools are set aside to appropriate location nearest to the
workplace

Conditions:
Trainees must be provided with following:
1. Sample of company standard in tools and materials
requisition
2. Job order form
3.Requisition
slip 4.Borrowers
slip
5.Handouts/instructional materials

METHODOLOGIES:
Lecture-demonstration
Self-paced instruction
Group discussion

Assessment Method:
Oral questioning
Written Test
Direct observation
 Information Sheet 1.3-1
Inspection

INSPECTION

An inspection determines if the material or item is in proper

quantity and condition, and if it conforms to the applicable or
specified requirements.
Inspection is generally divided into three categories:
(1) Receiving inspection
(2) In-process inspection
(3) Final inspection.

In quality control (which is guided by the principle that "Quality cannot

be inspected into a product") the role of inspection is to verify
and validate the variance data; it does not involve separating the good
from the bad.
Quality control is a process employed to ensure a certain level
of quality in a product or service. It may include whatever actions a business
deems necessary to provide for thecontrol and verification of certain
characteristics of a product or service. The basic goal ofquality control is to
ensure that the products, services, or processes provided meet specific
requirements and are dependable, satisfactory, and fiscally sound.

Important aspects of receipt, inspection, handling, storage, retrieval, and

issuance include the following:
a.
When material is received at the facility it should be inspected and verified
to meet the specifications of the original purchase documentation. Critical
material should be segregated from non-critical, and any nonconforming
material should be tagged and set aside to prevent inadvertent use.
Additionally, a method should be developed to accept site repaired
material.

Material Handling is the movement, storage, control and protection of

materials, goods and products throughout the process of manufacturing,
distribution, consumption and disposal. The focus is on the methods,
mechanical equipment, systems and related controls used to achieve these
functions. The material handling industry manufactures and distributes the
equipment and services required to implement material handling systems.
Material handling systems range from simple pallet rack and shelving projects,
to complex conveyor belt and Automated Storage and Retrieval
Systems (AS/RS). Material handling can also consist of sorting and picking as
well as automatic guided

Handling Hand Tools Safely

An estimated 8% of industrial accidents are caused by hand tolls. These

accidents are caused by using the wrong tool for the job, using the right tool
incorrectly, failing to wear personal protective equipment, or failing to follow
safety guidelines. Take a moment to review these safety tips for handling
common hand tools.

Screwdrivers:

 Always match the size and type of screwdriver blade to fit the
screw.

 Don’t hold the work piece against your body while using the
screwdriver.

 Don’t put your fingers near the blade of the screwdriver

when tightening a screw.

 Don’t force a screwdriver by using a hammer or pliers on it.

 Don’t use a screwdriver as a hammer or as a chisel.

 Don’t use a screwdriver if your hands are wet or oily.

 Discard and replace your screwdriver if it has a broken

handle, bent blade, etc

 Use an insulated screwdriver when performing any electrical

work.

Hammer:

 Use the correct hammer for the type of work to be done.

 Have an unobstructed swing area when using a hammer and

watch for overhead interference.
  Don’t strike nails or other objects with the ‘’cheek’’ (side) of
the hammer.

 Don’t use a hammer as a wedge or a pry bar, or for pulling

large spikes.

 Don’t use a hammer if your hands are oily or greasy.

Pliers:

 Don’t use pliers as a wrench or hammer.

 Don’t use pliers that are cracked, broken, or ‘’sprung’’

 Don’t attempt to force pliers by using a hammer on them.

 Use insulated pliers when doing electrical work.

 Keep pliers grips free of grease or oil, which could cause

them to slip.

Wrenches:

 Select the correct size wrench for the job.

 Never use a pipe as a wrench handle extension.

 Stand in a balanced position to avoid sudden slips

 When using an adjustable wrench, pull on the wrench

instead of pushing against the fixed jaw.

 Don’t use a wrench if your hands are oily or greasy.

Chisels:

 Always wear safety goggles or a face shield when using a

chisel.

 Drive a wood chisel outward and away from your body.

 Do not use chisels or pry.

 Keep edges sharp for the most effective work

 Keep sharp edges protected when not in use.

Make sure that you use hand tools correctly. Remember to inspect them
regularly band regularly them immediately if they’re damaged.

 Old Tools Can Be Dangerous

Instead of buying new, good-quality tools, many of us fill our
toolboxes with family hand-me-downs or cheap (poorly-
made) finds from discount stores. Although secondhand
tools might be easier on the budget, they can be hard on
safety.
Damaged, worn, or improperly repaired tools can cause
serious injuries. Examine all hand or power tools prior to
use. Don’t perform makeshift repairs. If the tool is defective,
discard it so you or another person won’t be tempted to use
it, and perhaps be injured

These are some problems to look for when using old tools:

 Flattened or chipped heads on striking tools.

 Loose or cracked handles.

 Damaged insulation or wiring

 Missing guards on power tools

Old tools may not be safe to use if they lack up-to-date safety features, such as
a switch that stops the operation when pressure on the switch is released.
Read and follow your power tool operator’s manual for tips on proper use,
maintenance, and general safety precautions. Don’t forget to use safety
eyewear, gloves, and other recommended personal protective equipment for the
specific tool.
Never attempt to use an ax with the handle taped on, or a power drill with
exposed wires in the cord. Remember that your safety is worth much more
than the money you would save by using defective tools.
Think twice before giving away defective tools. The next person who tries to use
them may not realize they are unsafe. Don’t pass on a problem that might
make you feel partly responsible for an injury or death.

Manual material handling is the largest single cause

of lost workday injuries in construction. One out of
every four work injuries happens because someone
lifted, carried, pushed, or pulled something the

wrong way, or lifted beyond his or her capacity.

Workers should be trained on proper and safe
material handling techniques either manually or by
using mechanical means. The use of correct
handling techniques is one of the ways to help
reduce injuries.

Safe material handling practices can prevent much needless suffering and also
save contractors in medical and disability benefit costs. These practices
involve three distinct areas: Safe handling, safe storage and disposal.

Safe handling of construction materials involves several measures, including:

 Properly securing all materials that are stored in tiers. Pipes, steel
beams, poles and other heavy materials can slide or tilt if they are not stacked
and blocked adequately, allowing them to potentially fall on workers.

 Keeping combustible and flammable materials in fire-

resistant containers.

 Determining and prominently posting the maximum safe load limits of

floors where materials are stored, and taking care not to exceed those limits.

 Maintaining clear and sound aisles and passageways for moving

materials.

 Constructing ramps or graded walkways between work areas on

different levels to make accidents and spills less likely.
Improperly stored material can shift or topple over, causing potentially serious
injuries. Sound storage practices required by OSHA include:
 Stacking bricks in piles no more than seven feet high, with every layer
above four feet tapered back two inches for every foot. While masonry blocks
can be stacked in taller piles, but contractors should also taper the piles above
the six foot mark.

 Limiting stacks of lumber to 20 feet high (16 feet if workers will handle
lumber without machines) in stable piles on level sills that provide good
support. Prior to stacking, remove all used nails.

 Keeping materials more than six feet from hoistways.

 Not storing materials in floor openings.

 Storing materials more than 10 feet from an exterior wall that is shorter
than the top of the pile.

 Not storing materials on scaffolds or runways unless the contractor is

about to use them.

In the hurry to get the job done, workers often dispose of construction debris in
unsafe ways, such as tossing pieces of lumber off the side of the building. This
risks injury to anyone standing below. Contractors should follow these
guidelines for proper waste disposal:
 Remove all scrap, especially combustible materials, as it accumulates
instead of letting it pile up. However, do not remove it until workers are certain
that the people working over their heads are finished tossing it to the ground.

 Use an enclosed chute to drop debris from the higher points of the
building.

 Barricade areas where workers will drop debris without using a chute.

 Use separate containers for materials covered with oil or

flammable liquids.