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    Math Notes

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    Math Notes

    Uploaded by

    maks.tkachenko12212121
    5 views2 pages
    math

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    math notes

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    5 views2 pages

    Math Notes

    Uploaded by

    maks.tkachenko12212121
    math

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Real Numbers

     Rational Numbers: Numbers that can be expressed as fractions


    (e.g., ½, 0.75, -2).

     Irrational Numbers: Numbers that cannot be written as fractions


    (e.g., √2, π).

     Decimal Expansion: Rational numbers either terminate (e.g., 0.5)


    or repeat (e.g., 0.666...).

    2. Exponents and Powers

     Laws of Exponents:

    o Product of Powers: am×an=am+na^m \times a^n =


    a^{m+n}am×an=am+n

    o Power of a Power: (am)n=amn(a^m)^n = a^{mn}


    (am)n=amn

    o Power of a Product: (ab)m=am×bm(ab)^m = a^m \times


    b^m(ab)m=am×bm

    o Negative Exponent Rule: a−n=1ana^{-n} = \frac{1}


    {a^n}a−n=an1

    o Zero Exponent Rule: a0=1a^0 = 1a0=1 (where a≠0a \neq


    0a=0).

    3. Scientific Notation

     Numbers expressed as a×10na \times 10^na×10n, where 1≤a<101


    \leq a < 101≤a<10 and nnn is an integer.

     Useful for very large or very small numbers, like 3.0×1083.0 \times
    10^83.0×108 for the speed of light.

    4. Linear Equations

     Slope-Intercept Form: y=mx+by = mx + by=mx+b, where mmm


    is the slope and bbb is the y-intercept.

     Solving Linear Equations: Combine like terms, isolate variables,


    and solve step by step.

    5. Systems of Equations

     Graphing Method: Plot both lines and find the intersection point.

     Substitution Method: Solve one equation for a variable and


    substitute it into the other.
     Elimination Method: Add or subtract equations to eliminate one
    variable and solve.

    6. Functions

     A relation between a set of inputs (domain) and a set of outputs


    (range) where each input has exactly one output.

     Function Notation: f(x)f(x)f(x) represents the output of a function


    for input xxx.

     Linear Functions: f(x)=mx+bf(x) = mx + bf(x)=mx+b, where the


    graph is a straight line.

    7. Pythagorean Theorem

     In a right triangle: a2+b2=c2a^2 + b^2 = c^2a2+b2=c2, where


    aaa and bbb are the legs and ccc is the hypotenuse.

     Useful for finding missing sides of right triangles.

    8. Volume and Surface Area

     Volume of a Cylinder: V=πr2hV = \pi r^2 hV=πr2h, where rrr is


    the radius and hhh is the height.

     Surface Area of a Cylinder: SA=2πr2+2πrhSA = 2\pi r^2 + 2\pi


    rhSA=2πr2+2πrh.

     Volume of a Sphere: V=43πr3V = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3V=34πr3.

     Surface Area of a Sphere: SA=4πr2SA = 4\pi r^2SA=4πr2.

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