ATTRITION FORESIGHT

SYSTEM

A PROJECT REPORT

HASTI DHOLAKIA
KIRTI UPADHYAY

In fulfilment for the award of the degree

of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in

LDRP Institute of Technology and Research, Gandhinagar

 Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya
July, 2024
LDRP INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH
GANDHINAGAR

CE-IT Department

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Work entitled “Attrition Foresight System” has been carried out
by
Ayesha Arab (21BEIT30002) under my guidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Information Technology Semester-7 of Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya University.

Brahmbhatt Akash Dr. Mehul Barot

Internal Guide Head of the
LDRP ITR Department LDRP ITR
 Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya
July, 2024

LDRP INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH

GANDHINAGAR

CE-IT Department

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Work entitled “Attrition Foresight System” has been carried out
by Hasti Dholakiya (21BEIT30020) under my guidance in fulfilment of the degree ofBachelor of
degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology Semester-7 of Kadi Sarva
Vishwavidyalaya University

Brahmbhatt Akash Dr. Mehul Barot

Internal Guide Head of the Department
LDRP ITR LDRP ITR
 Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya
July, 2024

LDRP INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH

GANDHINAGAR

CE-IT Department

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Work entitled “Attrition Foresight System” has been carried out
by Kirti Upadhyay (21BEIT30135)under my guidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of
degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology Semester-7 of Kadi Sarva
Vishwavidyalaya University

Brahmbhatt Akash Dr. Mehul Barot

Internal Guide Head of the Department

LDRP ITR LDRP ITR

Presentation-I for Project-II

1. Name & Signature of Internal

Guide

2. Comments from Panel Members

3. Name & Signature of Panel

Members
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere gratitude towards our guide Prof. Akash Brahmbhatt for his constant help,
encouragement, suggestions and inspiration throughout the project work. Without his invaluable
advice, suggestions and assistance it would not have been possible for us to complete this project
work.
We wish to thank the Information technology Department of a LDRP-ITR for their sympathetic co-
operation. Our sincere thanks to all the authors whose literature we have used as a reference of our
work. We are very thankful to faculties, team mates, Family and Friends who supported me
throughout the semester.

i
 ABSTRACT
In the highly competitive business landscape, maintaining a loyal customer base is essential for
success. The Attrition Foresight System leverages advanced machine learning to forecast customer
attrition, enabling businesses to identify potential churn risks proactively. This foresight allows
business to take steps to retain their workforce, maintain stability, and boost overall productivity and
customer satisfaction.

By uploading CSV files containing customer data, which the system analyzes using sophisticated
algorithms to forecast the likelihood of customer attrition. This predictive capability empowers
businesses to take preemptive actions, ultimately enhancing customer retention and improving
overall business performance. The system’s user-friendly interface and robust analytical tools make
it an essential asset for any organization aiming to maintain a loyal customer base.

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGE NO

Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
Table of Content iii
List of Figures v
List of Tables vi
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Scope 1
1.2 Project Summary and Purpose 1
1.3 Overview of the Project 2
1.4 Problem Definition 2
2. Technology and Literature Review 4
2.1 About Tools and Technology 4
2.2 Brief History of Work Done 5
3. System Requirements Study 6
3.1 User Characteristics 6
3.2 Hardware and Software Requirements
7
3.3 Constraints
7
3.3.1 Regulatory Policies
8
3.3.2 Hardware Limitations
3.3.3 Interfaces to Other Applications 8
3.3.4 Parallel Operations 8
3.3.5 Higher Order Language Requirements 8
3.3.6 Reliability Requirements 9
3.3.7 Criticality of the Application 9
3.3.8 Safety and Security Consideration 9
3.4 Assumptions and Dependencies 9
4. System Analysis 10
4.1 Study of Current System 10
4.2 Poblems and Weakness of current System 10
4.3 Requirements of New System 11
4.4 Fesibility Study 11
4.5 Requirements Validations 12
4.6 Activity in New System 12
4.7 Features Of New System 12
4.8 Class Diagram 13
4.9 System Activity 14
4.10 Object Interaction 15
4.11 Sequence and Collaboration Diagram 16
5. System Design 18
5.1 System Application Design 18
5.1.1 Method Pseudo Code 18
5.2 Database Design/Data Structure Design 19
5.2.1 Table and Relationship 19
5.2.2 Logical Description of Data 20
5.3 Input/Output and Interface Design 20
5.3.1 State Transition/UML Diagram 20
5.3.2 Samples of forms, Reports and Interface 21
6. System Testing 23
Test Cases 23
7. Conclusion 24
8. Bibliography 25
 LIST OF FIGURES
NO NAME PAGE

1 System E-R Diagram 13

2 System Activity Flowchart 14
3 Sequence Diagram 16
4 Collaboration Diagram 17
5 User E-R Diagram 19
6 Input/Output Interface Design 20
7 System Test Cases 23

v
 LIST OF TABLES
NO NAME PAGE
1 User Event table 12
2 Table Representation Of Class Diagram 13

vi
1. Introduction
The rapid growth of e-commerce has revolutionized the way businesses operate and engage
with customers. With this growth, however, comes the challenge of customer retention.
Customer churn—the phenomenon where customers stop doing business with a company—
poses a significant threat to the sustainability and profitability of e-commerce businesses.
Understanding and mitigating customer churn is crucial for maintaining a loyal customer base
and ensuring long-term success. Our project, the Attrition Foresight System, aims to address
this challenge by providing an advanced, user-friendly platform for analyzing and predicting
customer churn.

The Attrition Foresight System leverages modern data analysis, visualization, and machine
learning techniques to offer a comprehensive solution for e-commerce companies. By
integrating various technologies, including Streamlit, Plotly, Pandas, NumPy, HTML, CSS,
JavaScript, Flask, and SQLite, we have developed a robust system that not only predicts
customer churn but also provides valuable insights into the factors influencing it. This system
empowers companies to make informed decisions and implement strategies to improve
customer retention.

1.1 Scope
The scope of the Attrition Foresight System encompasses the development and deployment of
a robust web application that integrates data visualization, user authentication, and machine
learning prediction functionalities. This system caters specifically to e-commerce businesses,
providing them with tools to monitor churn rates based on various factors such as customer
demographics, purchasing behaviors, and satisfaction scores. The application ensures data
privacy and security by allowing each company to manage its data independently, with
unique authentication credentials for users. The project aims to deliver a user-friendly
interface, detailed analytics, and predictive capabilities that can be utilized by companies of
varying sizes and data complexities.

1.2 Project Summary and Purpose

The primary purpose of the Attrition Foresight System is to provide e-commerce businesses
with a tool to analyze and predict customer churn. By identifying the key factors that
contribute to churn and providing actionable insights, companies can develop targeted
strategies to retain customers and enhance their overall business performance. The project
aims to bridge the gap between data analysis and actionable business intelligence, offering a
seamless integration of advanced analytics into everyday business operations.

Key objectives of the project include:

1. Developing a User-Friendly Platform: Creating an intuitive and easy-to-navigate interface

that allows users to interact with data and gain insights without requiring extensive technical
knowledge.
2. Providing Accurate Predictions: Utilizing machine learning algorithms to deliver precise
churn predictions based on historical data and current customer behavior.
3. Ensuring Data Security: Implementing robust security measures to protect sensitive customer

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 data and ensure compliance with data protection regulations.
4. Enhancing Decision-Making: Enabling companies to make informed decisions by providing
clear and concise visualizations of churn-related metrics and trends.
The project also aims to demonstrate the potential of data-driven approaches in addressing
business challenges and driving growth in the e-commerce sector.

1.3 Overview of the Project

The Attrition Foresight System is a comprehensive web application that combines multiple
technologies to deliver a powerful tool for churn analysis and prediction. The project is
structured into three main services:

User Authentication:
 Users can sign up, log in, and log out securely.
 Each company's data is protected by unique credentials, ensuring that only authorized
personnel can access sensitive information.
 The authentication system is designed to be robust and user-friendly, providing a
seamless experience for users.

Data Visualization Dashboard:

 The dashboard is built using Streamlit and Plotly, offering interactive and dynamic
visualizations.
 Key metrics related to customer churn are displayed in an easily digestible format,
allowing users to quickly identify trends and patterns.
 The dashboard includes various charts and graphs that illustrate churn rates,
satisfaction scores, and other relevant metrics based on multiple factors.

Machine Learning Model:

 A machine learning model is integrated into the system to predict customer churn
based on user-provided feature values.
 The model is trained on a fixed set of features, ensuring consistency and reliability in
predictions.
 Users can input data through a user-friendly interface and receive immediate feedback
on churn likelihood.

The backend of the system is developed using Flask and SQLite, ensuring efficient data
management and seamless integration with the frontend components. The use of HTML,
CSS, and JavaScript enhances the user experience, providing a visually appealing and
responsive interface.

1.4 Problem Definition

Customer churn is a critical issue faced by e-commerce businesses. High churn rates can
significantly impact a company's revenue, growth, and overall sustainability. Despite the
availability of vast amounts of customer data, many businesses struggle to effectively analyze
and utilize this data to address churn. The key challenges include:
1. Data Overload: E-commerce companies generate large volumes of data, making it
difficult to identify the most relevant factors influencing churn.
2. Lack of Analytical Tools: Many businesses lack the necessary tools and expertise to

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 3. Inconsistent Data: Variability in data quality and formats can hinder accurate analysis
and prediction of customer behavior.
4. Time-Consuming Processes: Traditional methods of churn analysis are often time-
consuming and require significant manual effort.
5. Security Concerns: Ensuring the privacy and security of customer data is paramount,
particularly when dealing with sensitive information.

The Attrition Foresight System addresses these challenges by providing a streamlined and
integrated solution. The system leverages advanced data analysis and machine learning
techniques to deliver precise churn predictions and insights, enabling businesses to take
proactive measures to retain customers and improve their overall performance.

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 2. Technology and Literature Review:

2.1 About Tools and Technology:

In developing the Attrition Foresight System, a wide array of tools and technologies have been
utilized, each contributing to the robustness and functionality of the platform. Here, we provide
an overview of the key technologies and tools used in the project.

1. Streamlit: Streamlit is an open-source framework designed for creating interactive and

dynamic web applications for data science and machine learning projects. It allows developers
to turn data scripts into shareable web apps in minutes. Streamlit is particularly useful for
building custom web-based dashboards, enabling users to interact with their data in real-time. Its
simplicity and ease of use make it an ideal choice for rapid prototyping and deployment of data-
driven applications.

2. Plotly: Plotly is a graphing library that makes interactive, publication-quality graphs online.
It integrates seamlessly with Python and offers a wide range of chart types, from simple line
graphs to complex 3D plots. Plotly Express, a high-level interface for Plotly, is particularly
useful for creating quick and interactive visualizations. In the Attrition Foresight System, Plotly
is used to create dynamic charts and graphs for the dashboard, providing users with intuitive
visual insights into their data.

3. Pandas: Pandas is a powerful data manipulation and analysis library for Python. It provides
data structures and functions needed to manipulate structured data seamlessly. Pandas is highly
efficient for handling large datasets, performing data cleaning, transformation, and analysis
tasks. In our project, Pandas is used extensively for data preprocessing, analysis, and
preparation for visualization and machine learning.

4. NumPy: NumPy is the foundational package for numerical computation in Python. It

provides support for large multidimensional arrays and matrices, along with a collection of
mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. NumPy’s efficiency in numerical
computation makes it an essential tool for data analysis tasks, particularly those involving
statistical calculations and machine learning algorithms.

5. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: These are the core technologies for web development.
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to structure content on the web, CSS (Cascading
Style Sheets) is used for styling, and JavaScript adds interactivity to web pages. In the Attrition
Foresight System, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are used to create the user authentication pages,
including sign-in and login forms, and to integrate the frontend with the backend dashboard.

6. Flask: Flask is a lightweight web framework for Python that allows developers to build web
applications quickly and with a high degree of customization. It provides essential tools and
libraries for building a web server. Flask is used in our project to manage backend logic, handle
user requests, and integrate the frontend interface with the data processing and machine
learning components.

7. SQLite: SQLite is a self-contained, serverless, and zero-configuration database engine. It is

an ideal choice for applications that require a lightweight database management system. In the
Attrition Foresight System, SQLite is used to store user credentials and uploaded data, ensuring
data integrity and easy access management.

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 2.2 Brief History of Work Done
The problem of customer churn has been a significant area of research and application within
various industries, particularly in e-commerce. Understanding customer behavior and predicting
churn has been approached using different methodologies and technologies over the years.

Early Approaches: In the early stages, customer churn analysis was largely a manual process.
Companies relied on simple statistical methods and historical data to identify trends and
patterns in customer behavior. Techniques such as cohort analysis, RFM (Recency, Frequency,
Monetary) analysis, and basic logistic regression were commonly used. These methods, while
useful, were limited in their ability to handle large datasets and complex relationships between
variables.

Advent of Machine Learning: The rise of machine learning and data science brought
significant advancements in churn prediction. Machine learning algorithms, such as decision
trees, random forests, support vector machines, and neural networks, began to be employed to
analyze customer data and predict churn with greater accuracy. These methods allowed for the
processing of larger datasets and the modeling of more complex interactions between features.

Integration of Data Visualization: As the importance of data visualization in decision-making

became evident, tools like Tableau, Power BI, and Plotly emerged, enabling businesses to
create interactive dashboards. These dashboards provided intuitive insights into customer
behavior, allowing companies to identify and address churn factors more effectively. The
integration of visualization tools with machine learning models further enhanced the ability to
communicate findings and drive actionable strategies.

Development of Comprehensive Platforms: In recent years, there has been a shift towards
developing comprehensive platforms that combine data analysis, machine learning, and
visualization into a single, user-friendly interface. These platforms, such as Streamlit and Dash,
have made it easier for businesses to implement and benefit from advanced analytics without
requiring extensive technical expertise. They provide end-to-end solutions for data ingestion,
processing, analysis, and visualization.

Current Trends and Innovations: Today, the focus is on leveraging advanced machine
learning techniques, such as ensemble methods, deep learning, and natural language processing,
to improve churn prediction models. Additionally, the use of cloud computing and big data
technologies allows for the handling of vast amounts of data and real-time analysis. The
emphasis is also on ensuring data privacy and security, particularly with the advent of
regulations such as GDPR and CCPA.

The Attrition Foresight System represents the culmination of these advancements. By

integrating modern technologies and methodologies, it offers a powerful tool for e-commerce
businesses to analyze and predict customer churn. The system not only provides accurate
predictions but also presents the data in an accessible and actionable format, empowering
companies to make informed decisions and enhance their customer retention strategies.

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3 Constraints

3.1 User Characteristics

The Attrition Foresight System is designed for use by e-commerce businesses and their employees
who are responsible for customer retention and data analysis. Understanding the user
characteristics is essential for tailoring the system to meet their needs effectively.

1. Business Analysts and Data Scientists:

 Technical Proficiency: These users typically have a background in data analysis, statistics,
and machine learning. They are familiar with tools and techniques for analyzing and
visualizing data but may not be experts in web development.
 Needs: They require advanced analytical features, interactive dashboards, and accurate churn
prediction models to derive actionable insights and make data-driven decisions.
 Tasks: Their tasks include analyzing customer data, generating reports, and interpreting the
results to recommend strategies for improving customer retention.

2. Marketing and Sales Teams:

 Technical Proficiency: These users may have limited technical knowledge but possess a
strong understanding of customer behavior and marketing strategies.
 Needs: They need user-friendly interfaces that provide clear visualizations and summaries of
churn-related metrics to develop targeted marketing campaigns and retention strategies.
 Tasks: Their tasks involve using the dashboard to monitor churn rates, satisfaction scores, and
other key metrics to inform their marketing and sales strategies.

3. IT and System Administrators:

 Technical Proficiency: These users are responsible for managing the system infrastructure,
including deployment, maintenance, and security.
 Needs: They require detailed information on system requirements, configuration, and security
protocols to ensure smooth operation and data protection.
 Tasks: Their tasks include setting up the system, managing user access, ensuring data
security, and troubleshooting any technical issues.

4. End Users (Company Employees):

 Technical Proficiency: Varies from minimal to moderate, depending on their role within the
company.
 Needs: They need an intuitive and straightforward interface for accessing the dashboard,
uploading data, and interpreting results.
 Tasks: Their tasks involve interacting with the system to view and analyze churn data, upload
datasets, and use the ML model for predictions.

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3.2 Hardware and Software Requirements

Hardware Requirements:

 Server:
o CPU: Multi-core processor (e.g., Intel Xeon or AMD Ryzen) for handling concurrent
requests and data processing.
o RAM: Minimum of 8 GB of RAM, with 16 GB recommended for optimal
performance, especially when handling large datasets.
o Storage: SSD with at least 100 GB of free space for storing the application, data files,
and logs. Additional storage may be required based on the volume of data processed.
o Network: Reliable high-speed internet connection for accessing the web application
and ensuring smooth communication between frontend and backend components.

 Client:
o CPU: Modern processor (e.g., Intel Core i3/i5 or AMD Ryzen) for running web
browsers and interacting with the application.
o RAM: Minimum of 4 GB of RAM to ensure smooth performance when accessing the
application.
o Browser: Latest versions of major web browsers (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, Safari) for
optimal compatibility and performance.

Software Requirements:

 Operating System:
o Server: Compatible with Linux distributions (e.g., Ubuntu, CentOS) or Windows
Server for deploying the application.
o Client: Compatible with Windows, macOS, or Linux for accessing the web
application through a web browser.

 Backend:
o Flask: Python web framework for handling backend logic and integrating frontend
with data processing.
o SQLite: Lightweight database for storing user credentials and data.
o Python Libraries: Pandas, NumPy, Plotly for data analysis and visualization; scikit-
learn or TensorFlow for machine learning.

 Frontend:
o HTML/CSS/JavaScript: For building user interfaces and integrating with backend
services.

3.3 Constraints

3.3.1 Regulatory Policies

Compliance with data protection regulations is crucial for handling customer data. Key
regulatory policies include:

 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): Applicable to companies operating in

the European Union or dealing with EU customers. It mandates strict guidelines for data
collection, processing, and storage, ensuring that users' personal data is handled securely

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 and with consent.
 California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA): Applies to businesses operating in
California, USA. It grants California residents rights related to their personal data,
including access, deletion, and opt-out options.

 Data Breach Notification Laws: Vary by region but generally require organizations to
notify affected individuals and authorities in the event of a data breach.

Ensuring compliance with these regulations involves implementing robust data security
measures, providing clear privacy notices, and establishing procedures for handling data access
and breach notifications.

3.3.2 Hardware Limitations

Scalability: The system must be designed to handle varying loads and scale according to user
demand. Hardware limitations may affect performance during peak usage times, necessitating
load balancing and optimization strategies.
Storage Capacity: As data volume grows, additional storage may be required. Regular
monitoring and management of storage resources are necessary to prevent performance issues.

3.3.3 Interfaces to Other Applications

Data Integration: The system may need to interface with other applications or data sources for
importing and exporting data. Ensuring compatibility with various data formats and APIs is
essential for seamless integration.
APIs: Providing APIs for integrating with external systems or allowing third-party applications
to interact with the Attrition Foresight System may require additional development and testing.

3.3.4 Parallel Operations

Concurrency: The system must support concurrent operations, allowing multiple users to
access and interact with the application simultaneously. This requires efficient resource
management and synchronization to prevent data conflicts and ensure smooth performance.
Data Processing: Parallel data processing and analysis may be required to handle large datasets
and provide real-time insights. Optimizing algorithms and leveraging multi- threading or
distributed computing can help achieve this.

3.3.5 Higher Order Language Requirements

Python: The primary language used for backend development, data analysis, and machine
learning. Python’s extensive libraries and frameworks support the development and integration
of various components.
JavaScript: Used for frontend development, including interactive elements and client- side
logic. Ensuring compatibility with modern JavaScript frameworks and libraries is important for
delivering a responsive user experience.

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3.3.6 Reliability Requirements

System Uptime: The application should be designed for high availability and minimal
downtime. Implementing redundancy, failover mechanisms, and regular maintenance can help
achieve this.
Data Integrity: Ensuring the accuracy and consistency of data is critical. Regular backups, data
validation checks, and error handling mechanisms are necessary to maintain data reliability.

3.3.7 Criticality of the Application

Business Impact: The Attrition Foresight System is critical for e-commerce companies as it
provides valuable insights and predictions related to customer churn. Downtime or errors in the
system could impact business operations and decision-making.
Disaster Recovery: A robust disaster recovery plan should be in place to quickly restore
functionality in the event of a major failure or data loss.

3.3.8 Safety and Security Considerations

Data Protection: Implementing strong encryption for data at rest and in transit, secure
authentication methods, and access controls to protect sensitive customer information.
Vulnerability Management: Regularly updating and patching software components to address
security vulnerabilities and prevent potential attacks.
User Access Control: Ensuring that only authorized users have access to specific features and
data based on their roles and permissions.

3.4 Assumptions and Dependencies

Assumptions:

 Stable Data Sources: The system assumes that data sources will provide accurate and
consistent data for analysis and prediction. Any significant changes in data formats or
quality may impact system performance.
 User Proficiency: It is assumed that users have a basic understanding of how to interact
with web applications and interpret data visualizations. Additional training or
documentation may be required for users with limited technical expertise.
 Infrastructure Availability: The system assumes that the necessary hardware and
network infrastructure will be available and properly configured for deployment and
operation.

Dependencies:

3.4.4 Third-Party Libraries and Tools: The system relies on third-party libraries and tools,
such as Flask, Plotly, and machine learning frameworks, which must be compatible and
up-to- date.
3.4.5 Web Browsers: The application depends on modern web browsers for user access,
requiring compatibility with major browsers and their latest versions.
3.4.6 Regulatory Compliance: The system’s functionality and data handling practices depend
on adherence to relevant data protection regulations, requiring ongoing monitoring and
updates to ensure compliance.

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10
4. System Analysis

4.1 Study of Current System

The existing systems for customer churn analysis in e-commerce businesses typically involve a
combination of manual data analysis, basic statistical methods, and isolated machine learning
models. These systems are often fragmented, lacking integration and scalability, and may not
provide real-time insights or interactive visualizations.

Manual Data Analysis: Many e-commerce businesses rely on manual methods to analyze
customer behavior and churn. This involves using spreadsheets and basic statistical tools to
identify trends and patterns. However, manual analysis is time-consuming, prone to errors, and
limited in handling large datasets.

Statistical Methods: Basic statistical methods, such as logistic regression and cohort analysis,
are commonly used to predict churn. While these methods can provide some insights, they may
not capture complex relationships between variables and often lack predictive accuracy
compared to advanced machine learning models.

Isolated Machine Learning Models: Some businesses have adopted machine learning models
to predict churn. However, these models are often isolated and not integrated into a
comprehensive system. This isolation leads to challenges in data management, model
deployment, and interpreting results.

Lack of Real-Time Insights: Current systems may not offer real-time insights or dynamic
visualizations. This limitation hinders businesses from making timely decisions and
implementing effective retention strategies.

4.2 Problems and Weaknesses of Current System

The current systems for customer churn analysis exhibit several problems and weaknesses:

Data Fragmentation: Data is often scattered across different platforms and formats, making it
difficult to consolidate and analyze comprehensively.

Limited Predictive Accuracy: Basic statistical methods and isolated machine learning models
may not provide accurate predictions, leading to suboptimal retention strategies.

Manual Processes: Manual data analysis is time-consuming and prone to human error,
affecting the reliability of insights.

Lack of Integration: The absence of integration between different tools and systems
complicates data management and hinders seamless workflow.

Inadequate Visualization: Current systems may lack interactive and dynamic visualizations,
limiting the ability to communicate insights effectively.

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4.3 Requirements of New System

4.3.1 User Requirements:

 Intuitive Interface: The system should provide a user-friendly interface that allows
users with varying technical expertise to navigate and utilize the features effectively.
 Interactive Dashboard: Users require an interactive dashboard with dynamic
visualizations to explore data and derive insights in real-time.
 Accurate Predictions: The system must offer accurate churn predictions using
advanced machine learning models.
 Data Security: Robust security measures should be implemented to protect sensitive
customer data and ensure compliance with data protection regulations.
 User Authentication: Secure user authentication mechanisms are necessary to manage
access and ensure data integrity.
 Customizable Reports: Users should be able to generate and customize reports based
on their specific needs.

4.3.2 System Requirements:

 Scalability: The system should be scalable to handle varying loads and large datasets.
 Integration: Seamless integration with existing systems and data sources is essential.
 Real-Time Processing: The system should support real-time data processing and
analysis.
 Reliability: High reliability and uptime are critical for continuous operation.
 Support for Advanced Analytics: The system should support advanced analytics and
machine learning capabilities.

4.4 Feasibility Study

4.4.1 Contribution to Organizational Objectives:

The Attrition Foresight System contributes significantly to the overall objectives of e-commerce
businesses by providing actionable insights and accurate predictions to improve customer
retention. By reducing churn rates, businesses can enhance customer loyalty, increase revenue,
and sustain long-term growth.

4.4.2 Implementation Feasibility:

Current Technology: The system can be implemented using current technology, including
Python, Flask, Streamlit, Plotly, Pandas, NumPy, SQLite, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. These
technologies are mature, widely adopted, and well-supported.

Cost and Schedule Constraints: The project can be executed within a reasonable budget and
timeframe, considering the availability of open-source tools and frameworks, as well as the
modular nature of the system's components.

4.4.3 Integration with Existing Systems:

The Attrition Foresight System is designed for easy integration with existing systems.
Using APIs and standardized data formats, the system can interact with other applications
and data sources already in place, ensuring seamless data flow and compatibility.

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4.5 Requirements Validation

Requirements validation involves ensuring that the defined requirements accurately reflect the
system's goals and user needs. Validation activities include:

 Stakeholder Reviews: Engaging stakeholders in reviews and feedback sessions to

ensure their needs and expectations are met.
 Prototyping: Developing prototypes and mockups to visualize the system's
functionality and gather user feedback.
 Testing: Conducting thorough testing to verify that the system meets the specified
requirements and performs as expected.

4.6 Activity/Process in New System (Use Event Table)

Event Trigger Source Activity Response Destination

User Sign- User Validate input, create Confirmation
User User
Up submits user account message
sign-up form
User submits Validate credentials, Dashboard access
User Login User User
login form establish session granted
User uploads data Data uploaded System
Data Upload User Validate and process data
file successfully database
Churn User requests Run ML model, generate Display analysis User
User
Analysis analysis predictions results dashboard
Generate User requests Compile and format Provide
User User
Report report report downloadable report
End session, clear
Logout User logs out User Logout confirmation User
credentials

4.7 Features of New System

 Secure User Authentication: Ensures only authorized users can access the system.
 Interactive Dashboard: Provides real-time visualizations of churn-related metrics.
 Advanced Churn Predictions: Uses machine learning models to predict customer
churn accurately.
 Customizable Reports: Allows users to generate tailored reports based on their specific
needs.
 Data Upload and Processing: Supports uploading and processing of data files from
different sources.
 Scalability: Can handle large datasets and scale according to user demand.
 Data Security: Implements robust security measures to protect sensitive customer data.

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4.8 Class Diagram

The class diagram represents the static structure of the system, showing the system's classes,
attributes, methods, and the relationships between them.

Fig. 4(a)

Table representation of the class diagram:

Class Attributes Methods

User userId, username, password, role signUp(), login(), logout()

DataFile fileId, fileName, uploadDate, data upload(), process()

Dashboard dashboardId, metrics, visualizations display(), update()

PredictionModel modelId, modelType, accuracy train(), predict()

Report reportId, reportType, content generate(), download()

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4.9 System Activity

(Flowchart) Flowchart

Diagram:

Fig. 4(b)

Key Use Cases:

 User Sign-Up and Login

 Data Upload
 Churn Analysis
 Report Generation
 Dashboard Interaction
 User Logout

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4.10 Object Interaction

Object interaction diagrams, also known as interaction diagrams or communication diagrams,

focus on how objects interact within a system to achieve a particular goal or process. They
provide a detailed view of the dynamic behavior of the system by illustrating the flow of
messages between objects and the sequence in which these messages are exchanged.

In the context of the Attrition Foresight System, the object interaction diagram will help
visualize how different objects collaborate to perform key functionalities. This includes the
interactions between users, data files, dashboards, prediction models, and reports. The main
goal of the object interaction diagram is to outline how objects work together to accomplish
specific tasks, such as data upload, processing, prediction, and report generation.

1. Sign-Up and Login Process

When a User initiates a sign-up or login process, the interaction sequence involves several
objects:

 User interacts with the System to provide credentials or sign-up information.

 The System communicates with the Database to verify or store the user information.
 Upon successful verification, the System provides feedback to the User, allowing them
to access the dashboard and other features.

2. Data File Upload and Processing

The process of uploading and processing a DataFile involves multiple interactions:

 The User uploads the DataFile through the System.

 The System stores the file and then invokes data processing routines.
 The System processes the DataFile and updates the Dashboard with new metrics.

3. Dashboard Interaction

When the Dashboard is updated based on processed data:

 The Dashboard requests updated metrics from the System.

 The System retrieves and sends the metrics to the Dashboard.
 The Dashboard displays the updated metrics to the User.

4. Report Generation and Download

The interaction for generating and downloading a Report involves:

 The User requests a Report through the System.

 The System generates the Report using data from the Dashboard and PredictionMode

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 4.11 Sequence and Collaboration

Diagram

Sequence Diagram:

The sequence diagram shows the interaction between different objects in a specific sequence

Fig. 4(c)

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Collaboration Diagram:

The collaboration diagram focuses on the relationships and interactions between objects.

Fig. 4(d)

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 5. System Design
System design is a crucial phase in the development lifecycle that involves creating a blueprint
for how the system will be constructed. It encompasses designing the application, database, and
interfaces, ensuring that all components work together seamlessly to meet the project’s
requirements.

5.1 System Application Design

5.1.1 Method Pseudo Code

Pseudo code is used to outline the logic and flow of a method in a way that is easy to
understand without focusing on syntax. For the Attrition Foresight System, pseudo code can be
provided for key methods to illustrate their functionality.

 Method Pseudo Code for User Login

METHOD login(username, password):

IF username AND password ARE NOT EMPTY:
user = DATABASE.get_user(username)
IF user EXISTS:
IF password MATCHES
user.password: RETURN "Login
Successful"
ELSE:
RETURN "Incorrect Password"
ELSE:
RETURN "User Not Found"
ELSE:
RETURN "Username and Password Required"

 Method Pseudo Code for Data File Processing

METHOD process_data_file(file):
IF file IS VALID:
data = PARSE(file)
metrics = ANALYZE(data)
DASHBOARD.update(metrics)
RETURN "Processing Complete"
ELSE:
RETURN "Invalid File"

 Method Pseudo Code for Generating Report

METHOD generate_report(user, report_type):

metrics = DASHBOARD.get_metrics()
IF report_type IS "PDF":
report =
CREATE_PDF(metrics) ELSE IF
report_type IS "Excel":
report = CREATE_EXCEL(metrics)
ELSE:
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 RETURN "Unsupported Report Type"
RETURN report

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5.2 Database Design/Data Structure Design

5.2.1 Table and Relationship

The database design involves defining the tables and their relationships. For the Attrition
Foresight System, the database is structured to support user management, data file storage, and
reporting.

1. User Table
o Attributes: userId (PK), username, password, role
o Relationships:
 One-to-Many with DataFile (a user can upload multiple data files)
 One-to-Many with Report (a user can generate multiple reports)
2. DataFile Table
o Attributes: fileId (PK), fileName, uploadDate, data, userId (FK)
o Relationships:
 Many-to-One with User (each data file is associated with one user)
3. Dashboard Table
o Attributes: dashboardId (PK), metrics, visualizations
o Relationships:
 None directly but updated based on DataFile and PredictionModel
4. PredictionModel Table
o Attributes: modelId (PK), modelType, accuracy
o Relationships:
 Used by Dashboard for metrics display
5. Report Table
o Attributes: reportId (PK), reportType, content, userId (FK)
o Relationships:
 Many-to-One with User (each report is associated with one user)

ER Diagram: An Entity-Relationship diagram can illustrate these tables and their relationships.

Fig 5(a)

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5.2.2 Logical Description Of Data

The logical description of data focuses on the organization and structure of data

 User Data: Contains personal and authentication details of users. Critical for managing
access and personalization.
 DataFile: Stores the files uploaded by users. Includes metadata like file name and
upload date.
 Dashboard Metrics: Captures various metrics and visualizations derived from
processed data.
 PredictionModel: Stores information about different prediction models used for churn
analysis.
 Report: Contains generated reports, including type and content, specific to each user’s
request.

5.3 Input/Output and

InterfaceDesign

5.3.1 State Transition/UML Diagram

Fig 5(b)

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5.3.2 Samples Of Forms, Reports and Interface

Fig. 5(c)

Fig. 5(d)

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Fig. 5(e)

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6. System Testing

System testing is crucial to ensure that the Attrition Foresight System functions correctly and
meets all specified requirements. This phase involves executing test cases to validate various
aspects of the system, including functionality, performance, and security.

Test Cases:

Fig. 6(a)

Fig. 6(b)
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7. Conclusion
The Attrition Foresight System represents a significant advancement in managing and
analyzing e-commerce churn. By integrating various technologies such as Streamlit, Plotly,
Flask, and SQLite, the system provides a comprehensive solution for understanding
customer behavior and predicting churn.

Key Outcomes:

1. Enhanced User Experience: The system offers a user-friendly interface for

authentication, data management, and report generation, ensuring ease of use
and accessibility.
2. Effective Churn Analysis: Through advanced metrics and visualizations, the
dashboard effectively displays key factors influencing churn, such as purchasing
behavior and customer satisfaction.
3. Predictive Analytics: The inclusion of a machine learning model allows for
accurate churn predictions based on historical data, enabling proactive retention
strategies.

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8. Bibliography
1. Books and Articles:
o Introduction to Machine Learning by E. Alpaydin. A comprehensive guide on
machine learning techniques and applications used for predictive modeling in
churn analysis.
o Data Science for Business by F. Provost and T. Fawcett. This book provides
foundational knowledge on data analysis and its impact on business decision-
making, including customer retention strategies.

2. Web Resources:
o Streamlit Documentation: https://docs.streamlit.io. Official documentation
for building interactive web applications.
o Plotly Documentation: https://plotly.com/python/. Resource for
creating interactive charts and visualizations.
o Flask Documentation: https://flask.palletsprojects.com/. Guide for
developing web applications using Flask.
o SQLite Documentation: https://www.sqlite.org/. Information on using
SQLite for database management.

3. Research Papers:
o "Customer Churn Prediction in Telecom Industry: A Case Study" by R.
Kumar et al. (Journal of Data Science, 2021). This paper provides insights into
churn prediction methodologies and their application in various industries.
o "A Survey of Machine Learning Techniques for Customer Churn Prediction" by
S. Zhang and X. Huang (IEEE Transactions, 2020). Discusses various machine
learning approaches used for predicting customer churn.

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