Model Answer Ee5i

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject Name: Illumination and Electrification of Buildings Subject Code: 22530

Important Instructions to examiners: XXXXX
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance. (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills).
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent
figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may
vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based
on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual
(English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year
2021-2022. Hence if the students write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English +Marathi), the
Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model
answer.
Q. Sub Answer Marking

N. Q. N. Scheme
1. Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 Marks
a) State any two types of transformer available as a dimmer for illumination 01 Mark
control. each (any
Ans: Transformer used for illumination control are: two)
- i) Magnetic Transformers
ii) Electronic Transformers
b) Enlist the two types of arc lamps. 01 Mark
Types of Arc Lamp: each (any
Ans: i) Carbon Arc Lamp two)
- ii) Mercury Arc Lamp
iii) Xenon Arc Lamp
iv) Metal Halide Lamp
v) Sodium Vapor Lamp
vi) Ceramic Metal Halide Lamp
vii) Plasma Lamp
viii) Carbon Arc Searchlight
c) State any two advantages of LED lamp. 01 Mark
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Ans: Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps offer numerous advantages over traditional each (any
- lighting technologies. Here are some of the key advantages of LED lamps: two)
i. Energy Efficiency:
LEDs are highly energy-efficient and convert a significant portion of the electrical
energy into visible light. They consume much less power compared to traditional
incandescent and fluorescent lamps, leading to energy savings.
ii) Long Lifespan:
LED lamps have a much longer lifespan than traditional lighting sources. They can
last tens of thousands of hours, reducing the frequency of replacements and
maintenance. This longevity contributes to cost savings over time.
iii) Durability:
LEDs are solid-state lighting devices, which makes them more robust and durable
than fragile bulbs or tubes. They are less prone to breakage and damage, making
them suitable for various applications, including outdoor and rugged environments.
iv) Instantaneous Lighting:
LEDs light up instantly without the warm-up time required by some other lighting
technologies. This is especially beneficial in applications where immediate
illumination is essential.
v) Dimming Capabilities:
Many LED lamps are dimmable, allowing for flexible control of light levels. This
not only enhances ambiance but also contributes to additional energy savings when
full brightness is not required.
vi) Color Range and Quality:
LEDs are available in a wide range of colors, and their color temperature can be
easily adjusted. This flexibility allows for customizable lighting solutions, and
LEDs often provide better color rendering compared to some traditional lighting
sources.
vii) Directional Light Emission:
LEDs emit light in a specific direction, reducing the need for reflectors and diffusers
to redirect the light. This makes them more efficient for applications where focused
or directional lighting is required.
viii) Cooler Operation:
LEDs emit very little heat in the form of infrared radiation. Traditional lighting
sources, such as incandescent bulbs, release a significant portion of their energy as
heat. LEDs are, therefore, cooler to the touch and contribute to a more comfortable
environment.
ix) Environmentally Friendly:
LEDs do not contain hazardous materials like mercury, which is found in some
fluorescent lamps. Additionally, their long lifespan and energy efficiency contribute
to lower carbon emissions, making them more environmentally friendly.
x) Remote and Smart Control:
LEDs can be easily integrated into smart lighting systems, allowing for remote
control, automation, and programmable lighting scenarios. This enhances
convenience and efficiency in managing lighting.
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d) State any two methods used for light control. 01 Mark

Ans: Light control involves regulating the intensity, direction, color, and distribution of each (any
- light to meet specific needs in different environments. Various methods are used for two)
light control, and these can be broadly categorized into the following:
i) Switching:
Description: The most basic method involves turning the light source on or off using
a switch. This can be manual, motion-activated, or controlled by timers.
ii) Dimming:
Description: Dimmers are devices that allow users to adjust the brightness of a light
source. They can be used to create different moods, save energy, and extend the
lifespan of bulbs. Common dimming methods include:
Phase-Cut Dimming: Common in residential settings for incandescent and halogen
lamps.
0-10V Dimming: Common in commercial and industrial settings.
Digital Dimming: Used with digital lighting control systems.
iii) Color Control:
Description: This method involves adjusting the color output of light sources, often
associated with LED lighting. Color control methods include:
Tunable White: Adjusting the color temperature of white light.
RGB Color Mixing: Combining red, green, and blue LEDs to create a wide
iv) Shading and Blinds:
Description: Window treatments, such as shades and blinds, are used to control
natural light entering a space. Automated systems can adjust these elements based
on time of day, weather conditions, or user preferences.
v) Light Diffusion and Reflection:
Description: Reflectors, diffusers, and lenses are used to control the direction and
distribution of light. These elements can be employed to reduce glare, increase
uniformity, and direct light to specific areas.
vi) Occupancy Sensors:
Description: Sensors detect the presence or absence of people in a space and control
lighting accordingly. This is a common method for energy conservation in areas that
are not always occupied.
vi) Daylight Harvesting:
Description: Daylight sensors adjust artificial lighting levels based on the amount of
natural light available. This helps optimize energy usage by reducing artificial
lighting when sufficient daylight is present.
vii) Lighting Control Systems:
Description: Comprehensive systems that integrate various control methods,
allowing centralized management of lighting in a space. These systems often include
sensors, timers, and programmable controllers. Examples include:
Centralized Lighting Control: Control through a centralized panel or software.
Smart Lighting Systems: Integration with smart home or building automation
systems.
viii) Task Lighting:
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Description: Providing focused light on specific tasks using adjustable fixtures. This
allows users to control the lighting in their immediate work area.
ix) Emergency Lighting Control:
Description: Systems that control emergency lighting to ensure proper illumination
during power outages or emergencies. This may include backup power sources and
automatic activation.
e) State the units used for measurement of luminous flux and illumination. 01 Mark
Ans: Luminous Flux: each
- Unit: Lumen (lm)
Illuminance:
Unit: Lux (lx)
f) State the recommended illumination level for i) Class Room ii) College Library. 01 Mark
Ans: i) Class Room each
General Classrooms:
Recommended Illuminance: 300 - 500 lux
Computer Labs or Detailed Work Areas:
Visual Display Board Areas:
Recommended Illuminance: 500 - 750 lux or more
ii) Library
College Libraries:
General Reading Areas:
Reference Areas and Study Tables:
Computer Workstations:
Recommended Illuminance: 500 - 750 lux or more
g) Name any two types of lamp used in decorative lighting. 01 Mark
Lamps used for decorative lightning are: each (Any
Ans: i) Fluorescent Lamp Two)
- ii) LED Lamp
iii) Incandescent Lamp
2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12-Marks
a) State any four desirable characteristics required in Aquarium. 01 Mark
Ans: Creating a healthy and thriving aquarium involves careful consideration of various each (any
- factors. Here are some desirable characteristics and elements to ensure a successful four)
and sustainable aquarium:
Appropriate Size:
Description: Choose an aquarium size that accommodates the needs of the species
you plan to keep.
Importance: Larger aquariums provide more stability in terms of water parameters
and allow for a more diverse and interesting environment.
Water Quality:
Description: Maintain optimal water parameters, including temperature, pH,
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ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels.

Importance: Proper water quality is essential for the health and well-being of aquatic
life. Regular water testing and appropriate adjustments are crucial.
Filtration System:
Description: Use a reliable filtration system to remove debris and maintain water
quality.
Importance: Filtration helps remove impurities and provides a stable environment
for fish and other inhabitants.
Aeration and Oxygenation:
Description: Ensure proper aeration and oxygenation through the use of air pumps,
airstones, or surface agitation.
Importance: Adequate oxygen levels are vital for the health of fish and other
aquatic organisms.
Temperature Control:
Description: Use a reliable aquarium heater to maintain a stable water temperature
appropriate for the species.
Importance: Many tropical fish require specific temperature ranges, and maintaining
consistency is crucial for their well-being.
Lighting:
Description: Provide appropriate lighting for the type of aquarium (freshwater,
saltwater, planted, etc.).
Importance: Lighting not only enhances the visual appeal of the aquarium but also
supports the health of plants and the overall ecosystem.
Aquascaping and Substrate:
Description: Create a natural and aesthetically pleasing environment with suitable
substrate, rocks, driftwood, and plants.
Importance: Aquascaping provides hiding places, shelter, and a more natural habitat
for aquatic life. Live plants contribute to water quality and aesthetics.
Compatibility of Species:
Description: Choose fish and invertebrate species that are compatible in terms of
behavior, size, and water parameter requirements.
Importance: Avoiding aggressive or incompatible species helps maintain a
harmonious and stress-free environment.
Regular Maintenance:
Description: Perform routine water changes, substrate cleaning, and equipment
maintenance.
Importance: Regular maintenance helps prevent the buildup of waste, ensures water
quality, and promotes a healthy ecosystem.
Quarantine Protocol:
Description: Implement a quarantine system for new additions to the aquarium.
Importance: Quarantine helps prevent the introduction of diseases and parasites into
the main aquarium.
Monitoring and Observation:
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Description: Regularly observe the behavior and health of aquarium inhabitants.

Importance: Early detection of issues allows for prompt intervention and can
prevent more significant problems.
b) Explain operation of Auto transformer dimmer with the help of diagram.
02 Marks
Ans: for
- diagram,
02 Marks
for
explainatio
n
Operation of Auto transformer dimmer:
A.C. supply connected to the single winding of a transformer. Varying the knob a
variable voltage is obtained from the other side to which lamps L1, L2 , L3 , L4 etc.
are connected. The lamps get the variable voltage for changing the brightness of
lamps.
Advantages of Auto transformer dimmer:
iii) Simple operation
iv) Reliable operation
v) Equipment cost low (single device)
vi) No maintenance
vii) Many lamps can be controlled simultaneously.
viii) Disadvantages of Auto transformer dimmer
ix) Due to manual operation the electrician is engaged all the while.
Application of Auto transformer dimmer:
i) Stage lighting
ii) Drama theaters
iii) Recreation halls
iv) Exhibition-to attract visitors.
c) State any four factors to be considered while selecting a lamp for a particular 01 Mark
application. each (any
Ans: Selecting the right lamp for a particular application involves considering various four)
- factors to ensure optimal performance and efficiency. Here are key factors to
consider when choosing a lamp:
Type of Lighting Fixture:
Different fixtures require specific types of lamps. For example, table lamps,
chandeliers, recessed lighting, and track lighting may have different lamp
requirements.
Brightness (Luminous Flux):
Determine the required brightness for the application. Consider the size of the space,
the tasks performed, and the desired ambiance. Luminous flux is measured in
lumens (lm).
Color Temperature:
Choose a color temperature that suits the application. Warmer temperatures (e.g.,
2700K) are often used for residential and hospitality settings, while cooler
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temperatures (e.g., 5000K) are common in commercial and task lighting.

Color Rendering Index (CRI):
CRI measures how accurately a light source renders colors compared to natural
light. Higher CRI values (e.g., 80 or above) are preferable for applications where
color accuracy is crucial, such as in retail or art displays.
Energy Efficiency:
Consider the energy efficiency of the lamp. LED lamps are known for their high
efficiency and longevity, making them a popular choice for many applications.
Dimming Compatibility:
Determine whether dimming capability is required for the application. Not all lamps
are compatible with dimmer switches, so choose lamps specifically designed for
dimming if needed.
Lamp Life and Longevity:
Evaluate the expected lifespan of the lamp. LED lamps, for example, often have
longer lifespans compared to traditional incandescent or halogen lamps.
Environmental Considerations:
Consider the environmental impact of the lamp, including factors such as
recyclability and the presence of hazardous materials. LED lamps are generally
more environmentally friendly.
Cost:
Compare the initial cost of the lamp and its operational cost over its lifespan. LED
lamps may have a higher upfront cost but can result in long-term savings due to
energy efficiency and longevity.
Fitting and Base Type:
Ensure that the lamp's fitting and base type are compatible with the lighting fixture.
Common base types include E26, E27, GU10, etc.
Application Specifics:
Consider the specific requirements of the application. For example, reading or task
lighting may benefit from a focused and directional light source, while ambient
lighting may require a diffused and broader light distribution.
Regulatory Compliance:
Ensure that the selected lamp complies with relevant safety and regulatory standards
in your region. Look for certification marks such as UL (Underwriters Laboratories)
or CE (Conformité Européene).
Aesthetics and Design:
Consider the visual appearance of the lamp, especially if it is visible in the space.
The design and style should complement the overall aesthetics of the environment.
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d) Compare LED lamp with fluorescent lamp with reference to i) Life ii) Running 01 Mark
Cost iii) Luminous efficiency iv) C. R. I. each
Ans:
- Parameter LED Lamp Fluorescent Lamp
Life 50,000hours 4000hours
Running cost Zero running cost Require frequent
maintenance
Luminous efficiency 85% 60%
C. R. I. LED lamps are Fluorescent lamps
available with a wide typically have a CRI
range of CRI values. between 80 and 90.
3 Attempt any three of the following 12-Marks

a) Meaning of flood lighting. State the purpose of flood lighting 2-Marks
Ans: Flood Lighting: for
Flood lighting means flooding of large surface area with light from powerful meaning of
sources using projector flood
lighting
Various purpose of flood lighting: and 2-
Aesthetic flood Lighting : It is used for buildings at night, ancient building and Marks for
monuments, churches & gardens etc purpose
1) Industrial & Commercial Flood lighting: It is used for illuminating
railway yards, stadiums, car parking area etc.
2) Advertising flood lighting: It is used for illuminating advertisements,
boarding’s etc
floodlight is a broad-beamed, high-intensity artificial light.
3) They are often used to illuminate outdoor playing fields while an outdoor sports
event is being held during low-light conditions.
4) More focused kinds are often used as a stage lighting instrument in live
performances such as concerts and plays.
b) Draw neat circuit diagram of HPMV and label the following components:
1. Main Electrode
2. Starting electrode
3. Outer glass tube
4. Discharge tube
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Ans: 2 marks for

- diagram ½
mark for
each name
OR
Note:-Inner tube or Discharge tube
c) State any four design consideration for interior location of residential unit ( Any
Following factors while considering the designing the illumination for four
interior location of commercial. point
Ans: 1. Comfortable: The energy illumination scheme should be comfortable to expected:
- everybody. 1 Mark
2. Pleasant surrounding: By the electrical lighting or the electrical each)
illumination scheme the surrounding area of that location should be pleasant.
3. Long life: The life of the designed illumination should be large
4. Economy: The cost of the designed illumination scheme be low.
5. Less Maintenance: For only type of illumination scheme the
maintenance andrepairing should be less.
6. Appearance: The appearance of illumination scheme should be good.
7. Fewer flickers: The flicker is change in light intensity. This flicker should
be always less for any type of illumination scheme. In the flicker there are
changes of stroboscopic effect at the time of workshop lighting it is very
imp.
8. To avoid hard shadows: The whole illumination scheme is designed for
minimum shadows. At the time of flood light the hard shadows are avoided.
9. Sufficient lux level: The lux level is decided by the type of applications,
type of location & their countries standard
10. Cleanliness: The illumination scheme should be free from any type of ash,
smoke or any other air pollution it should be clean.
11. Simple control: The illumination scheme designed by the electrical
lighting is very simple. The control, multicolor light intensity control is
also possible in electrical illumination.
d) 1-Mark
Draw and explain single lamp control by three point and four point method.
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Ans: Single lamp control by three point method: for fig.

and 1-
Mark for
explainati
on
Explanation:
 It consists of two way switches & intermediate switch (the lamp is controlled
by threedifferent positions) the circuit diagram is as shown in figure above.
Single lamp control by Four point method:
1-Mark
for fig.
and 1-
Mark for
Explanati
on
Explanation:
It consists of two way switches & intermediate switch (the lamp is controlled
by fourdifferent positions) the circuit diagram is as shown in figure above.
4 Attempt any three of the following 12-Marks
a) Select the illumination level required as per ISI for following
working plane inresidential building.
(i) Kitchen
(ii) Living Room
(iii) Dining room
(iv) Study room
Ans: Sr.No Area Recommended illumination level 1-Mark
- 1 Kitchen 200 Lux for each
2 Living Room 200 to 300 Lux
3 Dining Room 150 Lux
4 Study Room 300 Lux
b) State the importance of light house based on navigation and safety in the 2-Marks
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shipyards and state any two types of lamps used for light house for
Ans: The importance of light house: importan
- A lighthouse is a tower, building, or other type of structure designed to emit ce of light
light from a system of lamps and lenses and to serve as a navigational aid for and 2-
maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways. Marks
Lighthouses mark dangerous coastlines, hazardous shoals, reefs, and safe for any
entries to harbors; they also assist in aerial navigation. Once widely used, the two
number of operational lighthouses has declined due to the expense of lamps
maintenance and use of electronic navigational systems.
The following types of lights are provided by light house.
1. Arc lamp
2. Metal halide Lamp
3. Focus Lamp
4. High wattages neon lamps
5. Flashers
c) LED lamps are becoming more popular, now-a-days. Discuss it based on the 1-Mark
each
1) Life 2) Cost 3) Maintenance 4) Luminous efficiency
1)Life
Ans: The life of LED is High as compare to other kind of lamps. It has about 50000 in
- hours, so considering life of LED lamp it is becoming more popular.
2)Cost
The cost of LED is little bit more but comparing other benefits are fine
3)Maintenance:
Maintenance of LED lamp is negligible
4)Luminous efficiency
Luminous efficiency LED lamp is very good compare to other kind of lamps
Because of these reason LED lamps are becoming more popular, now-a-days
d) Suggest the suitable lighting scheme and lamp for following locations in 1-Mark
hospital: each
1) Reception
2) Corridors
3) Patient wards
4) Operation theatre
Ans: Reception
For Reception in hospital we can prefer direct lighting scheme with pendant
luminaries
Lamps used for Reception: incandescent lamp, LED lamp CFL lamp etc
Corridors
For corridors generally we can prefer indirect lighting scheme.
Lamps used for Corridors: LED lamp, fluorescent lamp, CFL
Patient wards
For patient wards generally we can prefer semi-direct lighting scheme.
Lamps used for patient wards: fluorescent tube, CFL, Incandescent lamp etc
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Operation Theater
In operation Theater direct lighting scheme is used.
Lamps used in operation Theater are Ultra violet lamp, halogen lamp, small capacity
metal halide lamp, bunched filament lamp etc.
e) State any two lighting schemes with reasons used for agricultural and 2-Marks
horticultural applications. for any
Ans: In lighting scheme lighting calculation is very important point which depends two
upon type of applications for agricultural and horticultural purpose. lighting
List the various indoor lighting: scheme
1. Direct Lighting Scheme and 2-
2. Indirect lighting scheme Marks
3. Semi direct Lighting Scheme for
4. Semi indirect lighting Scheme applicati
5. General Lighting Scheme on
Direct lighting :
In this method, the reflector is used on the lighting source. The

100% light is reflected by this reflector on the working plane. So efficiency
of direct lighting scheme is very high and it is economical also. But
limitation of direct lighting scheme is that glare & shadows are more. The
direct lighting scheme is widely used in drawing room, workshop etc.
i) Indirect lighting scheme :-
In this method the 100% light is reflected on ceiling and walls by the
reflector and this reflected light will be available on working plane. It is
less efficient and uneconomical scheme but glare and shadows are very
less. i.e. why surrounding may be pleasant and widely used in hotels, guest
room etc.
iii) Semi direct lighting scheme :-
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In this lighting scheme, 70 to 80% light is reflected on ceiling

& walls and 20 to 30% light will be available on the working plane
directly. It is economical and efficiency as compared to indirect lighting
scheme
General lighting scheme:-
In this lighting scheme, the reflector is not used on the light source,
so the lumens emitted by the light source will be reflected on ceiling wall
and can be available directly on working plane also.
Lighting schemes used for agricultural and horticultural applications:
 Direct Lighting Scheme is preferred for agricultural and horticultural
applications.
 Because for the growth of plants, flowers etc the rays of light
from the source (Lamps) should reach them directly.
 The warm and light effect is provided as a natural sun light whenever it
required.
 The wind pressure is also provided by maintaining the exhaust fan/
regular fan.
Room temperature and humidity is also controlled.
5 Attempt any two of the following 12 Marks
a) State the meaning of Polar curve with suitable diagram. Also give its 2-Marks
applications for designing lamps. for
Ans: Meaning of Polar Curves definitio
Polar curves are graphical representation of light intensity with respect to angular n and 4-
position in horizontal or vertical plane passing through the light source. Marks
or for
The polar curves represent the distribution of light or luminous intensity of a light diagram
source in all directions or over the surrounding surface. The polar curves are drawn and
by taking luminous intensities in all directions at an equal angular displacement. applicati
on
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Applications of polar curve:

1. It indicates coverage of lights which helps lighting scheme.
2. To know the intensity of light emitted by the source in different direction.
b) A minimum illumination of 80 lux is required in the room of 50 m x 12 m.
Calculate the number, location and wattage of the lamps to be used. Assume
that depreciation factor is 1.2, utilization factor is 0.4 and efficiency of lamp is
14 lumens/watt
Ans Given Data.
Illumination= 80 lux Room area =50 m x 12 m =600 m2
depreciation factor is 1.2 utilization factor is 0.4
efficiency of lamp is 14 lumens/watt Wattage of Lamps Assumed = 100 watt
/200/500 Watt
Total lumens required considering different factor
Φ= ( Area × Average illumination required )

___________________________________----------------------1-Mark
( Depreciation factor × Coeff. Of utilization)
= (50 × 12 × 80)
(1.2× 0.4 )
= 100000 lumens
Total wattage required = (Gross lumens )
(Luminous efficiency )
= 100000
14
=7142.85
=7143 Watts-----------------------------------------------------------1-Mark
The wattage of lamps is assumed – 100 watt
No.of lamps = Total Wattage
Wattage of each lamp
= (7143 ) / (100 )
=71.43 =72 Nos
 Numbers of lamps  72 Nos
OR
Student Assume Wattage of Lamp = 200 watt
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= (7143 ) / (200 )
=35.71 =36 Nos
 Numbers of lamps  36 Nos-------------------------------------------1-Mark
OR
Student Assume Wattage of Lamp = 500 watt
= (7143 ) / (500 )
=14.28 = 14 Nos
OR Student Assume Space to height ratio = 1 , H = 4 Mtr , Space = 4 mtr
Total lumens required on working plane = 100000 lumens
Total wattage required = 7143 Watts
No. of lamps length wise = Length / Space
= 50/4
= 12.5 = 12 Nos------------------1-Mark
No. of lamps width wise= Width/ Space
= 12 /4
= 3 Nos
Total No. of lamps = Length wise  width wise  12 3  36 Nos
Wattage of each Lamps = Total Wattage / No of lamps
= 7143 / 36
= 198.41 = 200W
 Lamps wattage  200 watt
Location of lamps:
2-Mark
c) Which type of lamps should be selected for following applications? 1-Mark
(i) Aquariums (ii) Stage lighting for each
(iii) Flood lighting (iv) Advertisement
(v) Factory lighting (vi) Street lighting
Ans : 1) Aquariums :
1) Small size and low power halogen lamps.
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2) Ultraviolet lamps and tubes.

3) Compact fluorescent lamps
(2) Stage lighting:
1) High intensity discharge lamp.
2) Multi-colour LED Lamp.
(3) Flood lighting:
1) High intensity discharge lamp. Like
2) High pressure mercury vapour lamp.
3) High pressure Sodium vapour lamp.
4) Metal Halide Lamp
(4) Advertisement:
1) Metal Halide Lamp
2) Neon sign tubes
(5) Factory lighting:
(6) Street lighting:
3) Fluorescent tube
4) LED Lamp
6 Attempt any TWO of the following 12-Mark

a) Enlist the luminaries used and lux level required in factory lighting for 1-Mark
following area: each
(i) Office Building (ii) Workshop (iii) Testing Centre (iv) Quality
control department
Ans: v) Store Room without sunlight (vi) Outdoor Parking Area
Sr. Area Luminaries Lux level
No
1. Office Fluorescent tube, LED, CFL 500 lux
Building
2. Workshop Halogen lamp, mercury vapour lamp, 5000 lux
sodium vapour lamp Above
3. Testing Centre Fluorescent tube, LED, CFL 500 to 600 lux
4. Quality control Fluorescent tube, LED, CFL 600 to 700 lux

department
5. Store Room Fluorescent tube, LED, CFL, Projector 200-300 Lux
without lamp, filament lamp, Halogen Lamp,
sunlight Metal Halide lamp etc
6. Outdoor Mercury or sodium vapour lamp 1000 to 2000 lux
Parking Area
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b) Illustrate with neat diagram a Staircase wiring and draw the truth table 2-Marks
according to position of switch and lamp condition. for
Explaina
Ans:  This system is commonly used for stair case wiring. tion 2-
 It consists of two way switches (the switch operates always in one of the two Marks
possible positions) the circuit diagram is as shown in figure above. for
 Assume that the lamp is in between ground floor and first floor with switch diagram
S1 is on ground floor and S2 is on first floor. When the position of the and 2-
switches S1 & S2 is as shown in figure then the lamps is ‘ON’. When a Marks
person reaches on first floor the lamp is required to be switched ‘OFF’ so the for truth
person will change the position of switch S2 such that the lamp will be table
switched ‘OFF’
Truth table for the required response is as show:
Switch A Switch B Output (Y)
0(OFF) 0(OFF) 0(OFF)
0(OFF) 1(ON) 1(ON)
1(ON) 0(OFF) 1(ON)
1(ON) 1(ON) 0(OFF)
c) Estimate the number and wattage of lamps which is required to illuminate

workshop space 80 m x 30m by means of lamps mounted 8.5 m above wording
plane. The average illumination is 90 lux, co-efficient of utilization is 0.48,
luminous efficiency 20 lumens per watt. Assume a space height ratio of unity
maintenance factor 0.9.
Ans: Gross lumens required =Φ
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑× 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
= 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛×𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
80 × 30 ×90
= 0.48 × 0.9
Page 17 of 19
(Autonomous)
Gross lumens required = 500000 Lumen--------------------------1-Mark

Total Wattage required:
Φ
W = 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠/𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡
500000
= 20
Total Wattage required : =25000 watts--------------------------1-Marks
The wattage of lamps is assumed – 100 watt
= (25000 ) / (100 )
=250 Nos
OR Student Assume Wattage of Lamp = 200 watt
= (25000 ) / (200 )
=125 Nos
OR Student Assume Wattage of Lamp = 500 watt
= (25000 ) / (500 )
= 50 Nos
 Numbers of lamps  50 Nos-----------------------------------------1-Mark
OR Student Assume Space to height ratio = 1
Total lumens required on working plane = 500000 lumens
Total wattage required = 25000 watts
No. of lamps length wise = Length / Space
= 80/ 10
= 10Nos
No. of lamps width wise= Width/ Space
= 30 / 6
= 5 Nos
Total No. of lamps = Length wise  width wise  10  5  50 Nos
Wattage of each Lamps = Total Wattage / No of lamps
= 25000 / 50
= 500W-------------------------1-Mark
 Lamps wattage  500 watt
Location of lamps:
Page 18 of 19
(Autonomous)
2-Mark
Page 19 of 19

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

WINTER – 2023 EXAMINATION

Subject Name: Illumination and Electrification of Buildings Subject Code: 22530

Q. Sub Answer Marking

d) State any two methods used for light control. 01 Mark

ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels.

Description: Regularly observe the behavior and health of aquarium inhabitants.

temperatures (e.g., 5000K) are common in commercial and task lighting.

3 Attempt any three of the following 12-Marks

Ans: 2 marks for

Note:-Inner tube or Discharge tube

Ans: Single lamp control by three point method: for fig.

In this method, the reflector is used on the lighting source. The

In this lighting scheme, 70 to 80% light is reflected on ceiling

Applications of polar curve:

Φ= ( Area × Average illumination required )

No.of lamps = Total Wattage

2) Ultraviolet lamps and tubes.

6 Attempt any TWO of the following 12-Mark

4. Quality control Fluorescent tube, LED, CFL 600 to 700 lux

Truth table for the required response is as show:

Switch A Switch B Output (Y)

0(OFF) 0(OFF) 0(OFF)

0(OFF) 1(ON) 1(ON)

1(ON) 0(OFF) 1(ON)

1(ON) 1(ON) 0(OFF)

c) Estimate the number and wattage of lamps which is required to illuminate

Gross lumens required = 500000 Lumen--------------------------1-Mark

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