Lecture 1
Lecture 1
Lecture 1
Lecture-1: Introduction
Yello color jacket -> single mode fiber
Optical Fiber:
Flexible glass/plastic structure that can carry light over long distance.
Endoscopy: Fiber is used to image the human body by entering light into human body.
Laparoscopy: Fiber is used to carry out minimum invasive surgery. Invasive surgery means
We can use Optical Fiber to monitor the strength of a structure. It can be used as real time
monitoring. It can be used to monitor health of flyover, railway bridge and building.
Optical Cables are used to monitor 24H monitoring of the bridge. If any abnormality is detected
Cold Lighting:
This lighting is used to illuminate precious artwork. Old artworks are very sensitive to light. So it
is good to use illuminated light by optical fiber as the artworks a very sensitive to thermal
radiation.
Improving Ambience:
We can use optical fiber for ambient light for decorating room, hotels or any other things by
using optical fiber.
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Telecommunication:
Optical fiber is very important in telecommunication system. Optical fiber is used for
high-speed communication for example 5G. We can now communicate with someone at a very
long distance. For example:
distance. Then the signal needs to be sent over large distance e.g. Roorkee to New York. To then
this data we use Optical fiber cables. It gives us very high speed and long-distance
communication service (10-100Gb/s).
Submarine cable is used to send signals under the sea surface for a long distance. For short
distance we can use underground optical fiber networks.
He was able to transmit signals over a meter. The fiber was very lossy. He used a bundle of fiber
to transmit signals over a meter.
At that time people was unable to transfer signals over kilometers by optical fibers. Also laser
was not available at that time.
People tried to use this laser in telecommunication. People used fiber for communication in the
open atmosphere. But it was very lossy signal due to various kinds of environmental problems.
At that time the fiber had a loss of 1000 dB/km (Only 1% light remains after 20m long fiber).
In 1966 Kao and Hockham made a daring conclusion in a historic paper that
A fiber with 20dB/km loss can realize the dream of optical communication.
That means fiber loss should to reduce from 10100 to 102 .
In 1970 Corning Glass Work produced a fiber with 16 dB/km loss at 633nm wavelength.
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Kao in widely regarded as Father of Optical Fiber Communication and has been awarded 2009
Nobel Prize in Physics.