2023

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT

WILMAR AGRO LIMITED,

P.O. BOX 1682-01000,
THIKA.
KIAMBU COUNTY.
PREPARED BY:
WILSON BARU WACHIRA
SAFETY AND HEALTH ADVISER
OSH/ADV 109 & OSH/FSA 092
27TH SEPTEMBER 2023
 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

CERTIFICATION

I the Occupier submits this occupational safety and health Risk Assessment report for Wilmar
Agro Limited operations and further agree to abide by the recommendations of the report. The
report was prepared with diligence in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act
(OSHA), 2007, the Factories and Other Places of Work (Safety and Health Committee) Rules,
2004 and within the best practices and literature review considerations.

1. Occupier
Wilmar Agro Limited,
P.O. Box 1682 - 01000,
Thika.
Name …………………………………………...…Signature: ………...……………….…….

Date: …………………………….………………Official Stamp

This report has been done with reasonable skills, care and diligence in accordance with OSHA,
2007 and Subsidiary Legislations. I the undersigned, certify that the particulars given in this
report are correct to the best of my knowledge.

2. Prepared by:
Wilson Baru Wachira
Health and safety Adviser – OSH/ADV 109
Email: [email protected]
Mobile: 0720 312257

Signature: …………………………………………… Date: ………………………………

3. Acknowledgement:
Directorate of Occupational Safety & Health Services,
Kiambu County.

Signature/ Official Stamp: ……………………………… Date: ……………...………………

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATION..........................................................................................................................2

TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................................................3

GLOSSARY...................................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................5

1.1. OVERVIEW OF RISK ASSESSMENT...................................................................................5

1.2. OBJECTIVES OF RISK ASSESSMENT.................................................................................7
1.3. LEGAL REQUIREMENT.....................................................................................................7
1.4. SCOPE OF RISK ASSESSMENT.........................................................................................7
1.5. RISK ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE.......................................................................................7
WORKPLACE INFORMATION..................................................................................................8

AUDIT METHODOLOGY...........................................................................................................9

3.1 RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH..............................................................................................9

3.1.1 Qualitative risk assessment......................................................................................9
3.1.1.1 Risk Estimation........................................................................................................9
3.1.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment................................................................................10
3.2 LIMITATIONS OF RISK ASSESSMENT.................................................................................13
3.3 HIERARCHY OF RISK CONTROL MANAGEMENT...............................................................13
RISK ASSESSMENT FINDINGS TABLE.................................................................................15

GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT.....................................15

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS......................................................................37

REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................38

PHOTOGRAPHIC REPORT.......................................................................................................39

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

GLOSSARY

Hazard means anything that has the potential to cause harm (e.g. chemicals, electricity,
working while on ladders, etc.).

Accident is an unexpected (unplanned / unwanted) workplace event that causes injury or illness
to an employee. An accident will disrupt the orderly flow of work process

Risk is the likelihood of an injury or illness occurring from exposure to the hazard

Probability is the likelihood that the particular hazard will cause harm

Severity is an estimation of how serious the potential problem might be in terms of harm to
people and /or damage to property

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Overview of risk assessment

Risk Assessment involves a deliberate and thorough evaluation of facility’s machines,
equipment, tools and processes, with the aim of identifying, analyzing and quantifying the
hazards in areas, processes, parts or components of mechanical set ups that are likely to cause
harm to the surroundings. Risk assessment helps curb unexpected accidents and ill health which
can ruin lives and affect business. The Occupational Health and Safety Act, 2007 requires every
Occupier to assess the risks in his/her workplace and put plans in place to control them.

Risk assessment aims at determining the level of precaution an Occupier has taken to prevent
harm to people and is important as it helps the Occupier protect staff from harm and protects the
organization from unanticipated losses.

Risk assessment is a systematic examination of all aspects of work that considers:

 what could cause injury or harm,
 what people could be harmed
 whether the hazards could be eliminated and, if not,
 what preventive or protective measures are, or should be, in place to control the risks

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

Risk assessment is undertaken in five major steps as shown in the figure below.

IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS DECIDE WHO MAY BE HARMED

identify what hazards exist and in what Consider employees, visitors, members of the
circumstances, i.e routine or during public, contractors and special risk
maintanance

EVALUATE THE RISKS AND DECIDE ON AN RECORD SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS

ACTION PLAN Keep it simple record significant findings
Consider: degree of harm and likelihood as and develop the action plan
well as the numbers exposed and the duration
of exposure.

Review
Review findings periodically, when there are
significant changes, after an incident or where
you are concerned about the validity of the
assessment

Figure 1: Risk Assessment Process

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

1.2. Objectives of Risk assessment

The reason for performing risk assessment is to:
1. Identify hazards, assess the risks and control measures in place at the workplace;
2. Propose additional precautions or control measures, to remove, prevent or minimize the
hazards as necessary;
3. To fulfill OSHA, 2007 Act statutory requirements;
4. To submit a report to DOSHS as stipulated in section 6 of Occupational Safety and
Health Act 2007

1.3. Legal requirement

Issues of risk assessment are stipulated in section 6 subsections 3, 4 and 5 of Occupational
Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 2007.

(3) Every Occupier shall carry out appropriate risk assessments in relation to the safety and
health of persons employed and, on the basis of these results, adopt preventive and protective
measures to ensure that under all conditions of their intended use, all chemicals, machinery,
equipment, tools and process under the control of the Occupier are safe and without risk to
health and comply with the requirements of safety and health provisions in this Act.

(4) Every Occupier shall send a copy of a report of risk assessment carried out under this
section to the area occupational safety and health officer;

(5) Every Occupier shall take immediate steps to stop any operation or activity where there is
an imminent and serious danger to safety and health and to evacuate all persons employed as
appropriate.

1.4. Scope of Risk Assessment

The scope of the assessment was to:
 Identify potential health and safety hazards;
 Evaluate/quantify the hazards;
 Verify compliance with legal framework;
 Propose and recommend corrective measures/action plans required and their priorities.

1.5. Risk assessment technique

The risk assessment technique involved the use of a customized self-assessment questionnaire,
walk through survey, review of documentation and interviews with staff.

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

WORKPLACE INFORMATION

Name of Occupier Wilmar Agro Limited

Physical Location of Along Lodwar Street, in Thika town, Kiambu County

Workplace
Contact details P.O. Box 1682-01000 Thika
Tel: + 2547 342 73133
Email: [email protected]

Type of Industry Receiving, Packaging and Export of Fresh Cut Flowers

Workers Data Total Employees: Number of Female Number of Male

49 Employees: Employees:
18 31

Number of persons in attachment or internship None

Number of persons with physical challenges None
Person in charge of safety and health Human Resource Manager
Date of previous safety and health audit 22nd February 2022

Name of person who performed Current audit Mr. Wilson Baru Wachira

Date of current audit 27th September 2023

Certificate of Registration Number 0004596-01-22-R

Expiry date 6th November 2022 (Expired)

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

AUDIT METHODOLOGY

3.1 Risk assessment approach

There are different approaches that include:
 Quantitative risk assessment
 Qualitative risk assessment

3.1.1 Qualitative risk assessment

Qualitative risk assessment is based on personal judgment backed by generalized data on risk.
Except in cases of especially high risk, public concern, or where the severity of consequences
arising from an accident is felt to be great and widespread, qualitative risk assessments are
adequate for the purpose, and much simpler to make. The approach applied usually depends on:
 The nature of the workplace
 The type of process carried out
 The task performed
 The technical complexity of the workplace.

3.1.1.1 Risk Estimation

Risk estimation was carried out for each hazardous situation by determining elements of risks:
a) Severity of harm: can be estimated by taking into account:
i. Severity of injuries which can either be slight, serious or fatal; and
ii. Extent of harm (one person or several persons)
b) The probability of occurrence of the harm, which is a function of:
 The exposure of persons to the hazard.
Factors to take into account when estimating the exposures are;
 Need for access to hazard zone e.g. normal operation, correction of
malfunction, maintenance or repair;
 Nature of access e.g. manual feeding;
 Time spent in the hazard zone;
 Number of persons requiring access;
 Frequency of access.
 The technical and human possibilities of avoiding or limiting the harm.
Factors to put into account include:
 The different persons who can be exposed to the hazard e.g. skilled or
unskilled.

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

 How quickly the hazardous situation could lead to harm e.g. suddenly,
quickly, or slowly.
 Any awareness of the risk e.g. by general information, direct observation
or through warning signs and indicative devices
 Human ability of avoiding or limiting harm e.g. reflex, agility or
possibility of escape.
 Practical experience and knowledge.
 Occurrence of a hazardous event.
Factors to take into account when estimating the occurrence of a hazardous event
are:
 Reliability and statistical data
 Accident history
 History of damage to health
 Risk comparison.
Aspects considered during risk estimation include:
 Persons exposed
 Type, frequency and duration of exposure
 Relationship between exposure and effects
 Human factors
 Suitability of protective measures
 Possibility of defeating or circumventing protective measures.
 Ability to maintain protective measures.

3.1.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment

Quantitative risk assessment is a formalized, specialist method for calculating numerical
individual, environmental, employee and public risk level values for comparison with
regulatory risk criteria. This method provides a degree of objectivity, and a facility for ranking
risks and priorities. It however involves some level of subjectivity as they rely to a certain
extent on past events and/ or experience.

3.1.2.1 Risk evaluation

A risk evaluation is carried out to determine if risk reduction is required.

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

3.1.2.2 Risk Rating

Risk is usually defined as “The combination of the likelihood of a hazardous event occurring
combined with the severity of the harm that could result”.

[ ][
RISK= LIKELIHOOD∨PROBABILITY × SEVERITY OF THE LOSS
OF THE HAZARD ¿ CONSEQUENCES ]
Risk estimation and evaluation will be done based on the below 5x5 matrix:

Table 1: Likelihood and severity of risks

Likelihood (L) Severity (S)

1-Extremely unlikely 1-Very minor injury
2-Unlikely 2-First Aid Injury
3-Possible 3-Lost Time Injury requiring 3 or more days off
duty
4-Likely 4-Hospital treatment or major property damage
5-Very possible 5-Disabling Injury or major property damage

After risk estimation and evaluation, the risk rating and corrective action is guided by the matrix
below:

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Table 2: 5x5 Risk Significance and presentation

LIKELIHOOD Very likely 5 10 15 20 25

Likely 4 8 12 16 20

Possible 3 6 9 12 15

Unlikely 2 4 6 8 10

Very unlikely 1 2 3 4 5

Insignificant Low medium high Very high

CONSEQUENCE
Table 3: Corrective Action and Implication of the risk ratings

Risk Level Risk Corrective action Implication

rating
Low ≤4 Acceptable – If  Not reportable to regulator
simple action can  No injuries to employees or third parties,
reduce further, then such as visitors or vendors
must be done within  Isolated staff dissatisfaction
one week.
Medium 5-8 Tolerable – must be  National short-term negative media
reduced to below 5 coverage
within 7 days  Report of breach to regulator with
immediate correction to be implemented
 Out-patient medical treatment required for
employees or third parties, such as visitors
or vendors
 Widespread staff morale problems and
high turnover
High 9-12 Tolerable-  Considerable Financial loss
Additional controls  National long-term negative media
must be introduced coverage; significant loss of market share

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

Risk Level Risk Corrective action Implication

rating
as soon as possible  Report to regulator requiring
and not later than  Limited in-patient care required
24hours after for employees or third parties,
assessment such as visitors or vendors
 Some senior managers leave,
 High turnover of experienced staff,
 not perceived as employer of choice
Very high 15-25 Unacceptable- Work  Financial loss of considerable amount.
may not start or Kshs. 1 million or more
proceed. Additional  International long-term negative media
controls must be coverage; game-changing loss of market
introduced to reduce share, Significant prosecution and fines,
risk level to below 9 litigation including class actions,
incarceration of leadership;
 Significant injuries or fatalities to
employees or third parties, such as visitors
or vendors
 Multiple senior leaders leave

For this risk assessment, Quantitative risk assessment approach was adopted.

3.2 Limitations of Risk Assessment

Limitations of risk assessment include:
 Risk assessment will not guarantee the absence of all risks.
 Risk assessment is dynamic. It should be updated every time when a new process,
employee and equipment is introduced

3.3 Hierarchy of Risk Control Management

In cases where risk assessment has identified hazards that require control, there are some
considerations that can be addressed before proceeding to setting priorities for their control.

The following are common hazard control strategies, in order of preference:

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

1) Eliminate the hazard: If the hazard is removed, all the other management controls, such as
assessment, record-keeping, training and auditing are no longer needed. This brings
subsequent savings of time and cost. For instance, using material handling equipment rather
than having staff lift lower, carry materials manually; Substitute the hazard with less
hazardous or non-hazardous options: If the hazard cannot be removed, introduce a lower
hazard in its place. For instance, water-based paint can be used in place of a spirit based
paint.
2) Minimise the risk due to the hazard: Use whatever it is that poses risk in small quantities,
infrequently. For instance, duplicate the task in batches rather than carrying it out in large
concentrated quantities; use an electrical appliance of low voltage, providing non-slip
working surfaces, installing guard rails around elevated work areas etc.
3) Adapt: Where possible, adapt the work to the individual, taking account of the individual’s
mental and physical capabilities. Reduce the exposure.
4) Isolate the hazards
5) Multiple controls: Multiple methods of controls, such as technical and procedural controls,
can be applied.
6) Planned maintenance: Introduce planned maintenance and inspection of the plant and
equipment to ensure the usability of components and elements, such as cables and
emergency switches.
7) Provide personal protective equipment and clothing: This should be used only as a last
resort: after all other control measures have been considered, as a short-term contingency
during maintenance or repair work, or as an additional protective measure.
8) Implement administrative controls.
9) Have an emergency plan in place Examples include alarm systems and back-up controls.

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RISK ASSESSMENT FINDINGS TABLE

The Auditor started with a general tour of the facility to familiarize themselves with the activities and equipment on site. The auditor
was then taken through all the workplace operations, processes and facilities. As part of the Risk Assessment, the team evaluated the
likelihood of particular hazards and estimated the severity of such occurrences. The methodology discussed in Section 3 was then
followed in rating the risks and proposing ways to control the risks to lesser or acceptable levels.

General Occupational Safety and Health Risk Assessment

Location/Area The Hazards Risk Involved & People at Controls already P/L S RR Additional controls
Risk. in place

Offices Electrical Employees working in the  Properly  Conduct

hazards offices visitors and cleaners installed and electrical
-Faulty wiring are at the risk of: grounded inspections once
-Overloaded o Electric Shock: Faulty electrical 3 3 9 in every 6
circuits electrical wiring or equipment. months to assess
-Damaged equipment can lead to  Prompt repair any possible
power cords electric shocks when a and faulty wiring,
-Improper use person comes into maintenance of phase balancing
of electrical contact with live electrical and poor
equipment. electrical parts. equipment. earthing.
o Electrical Burns: Faulty  Properly  Encourage
electric equipment e.g. insulated employees to

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

electric cords can electrical cords. disconnect

overheat and cause burns  Electrical electrical
on contact. equipment equipment from
o Equipment Damage: areas were kept power sources
Improper grounding can dry. when not in use.
result in electrical surges,
which may damage
sensitive office
equipment such as
computers, printers, or
servers.
Ergonomic Employees working on  Flexible and  Encourage
Hazards office desks face the well positioned employees to
-Repetitive following risks; workstations 2 3 6 maintain good
movements. o Back pain: prolonged have been set posture, sit
-Awkward sitting or poor up, allowing properly and
sitting posture. workstation ergonomics employees to avoid prolonged
-Prolonged can lead to back pain or position their static positions.
sitting lower back injuries. monitors and  Provide
-Screen glare o Neck and shoulder pain: documents employees with
-Poorly Poor posture, repetitive properly to un-adjustable
designed work movements, or incorrect chairs in the

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

stations. monitor height can cause minimize glare. offices with

-Glare neck and shoulder strain,  Computer in ergonomic chairs.
leading to pain and the offices have
discomfort. adequate screen
o Tendinitis: Repeated display settings
motions, such as typing enabling
or using a mouse, can employees to
cause inflammation and adjust the
irritation of tendons, brightness,
leading to tendinitis in contrast, and
areas like the wrist, colour
elbow, or shoulder. temperature of
o Office tasks such as computer
retrieving items from monitor to
shelves can require comfortable
bending, twisting or levels.
awkward reaching that
can put stress on
musculoskeletal system.
o Glare can create
difficulties in perceiving
visual information

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

accurately. It can lead to

blurred vision, reduced
contrast sensitivity and
impaired depth
perception.
Fire. Electrical equipment and  Good 3 3 9  Conduct the
systems, such as overloaded housekeeping annual fire drill.
circuits, faulty wiring, or measures are in  Conduct statutory
malfunctioning appliances, place. fire safety
can generate heat and sparks,  Proper refresher training
leading to electrical fires. maintenance of by an approved
The following are the risks electrical training
associated with fire: appliances to institution.
o Potential for Injury or prevent ignition
Loss of Life: Fires can from electrical
result in injuries or faults.
fatalities if employees  Fire
are unable to evacuate extinguishers
the building in a timely provided.
and organized manner.  Fire exits
Smoke inhalation, burns, provided and
and other fire-related

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

injuries can have severe marked.

consequences.  Fire action
o Property Damage: Fires plans have
can cause ext`ensive been displayed.
damage to office  Smoke
buildings, including detectors and
structural damage, fire alarms
destruction of equipment, have been
and loss of important installed.
records and data  Floor
o Environmental Impact: evacuation
Fires in office buildings maps had been
can result in the release displayed.
of hazardous materials
and pollutants into the
environment, which can
have long-lasting effects
on ecosystems and
surrounding
communities.
Slippery floor. o Tripping, slipping and  Floors kept dry  Conduct
Slips, trips and falling can result in and clean. continuous

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

falls. various injuries, ranging  Cleaning is monitoring and

from minor bruises and done early in evaluation to
sprains to more severe the morning make sure the
fractures, head injuries, before staff can 2 2 4 existing safety
and even concussions. access their measures are
These injuries can cause workstations. effective and do
pain, reduce mobility,  Walkways in improvements
and require medical the offices where necessary.
attention or time off were kept free
work to recover. from clutter,
Visitors, cleaners, and office cables and
workers are at risk. obstructions.

Poor lighting. Poor lighting in the offices  A combination 2 3 6  Maintain the

can pose the following risks of natural and safety measures
to employees: artificial in place.
o Eye Strain and Fatigue: lighting sources
Insufficient lighting can is utilized to
strain the eyes, leading to provide
symptoms such as eye sufficient
fatigue, eyestrain, illumination
headaches, and difficulty throughout the
focusing.

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

o Dim or uneven lighting workspace.

conditions can make it  Lighting
difficult to navigate the fixtures are
office, resulting in regularly
tripping, slipping, or maintained to
bumping into objects. prevent
Employees may also flickering,
have difficulty dimming, or
identifying potential malfunctioning
hazards or obstacles in bulbs.
their path.

Trips, slips and o Workers may trip over  Adequate 3 3 9  Mark the
Grading Hall falls items lying on the floor lighting gangways and
and fall. This can result provided. keep them free
in various injuries, such  Good from obstruction.
as sprains, strains, housekeeping  Repair the
fractures, bruises, and practices. broken sections
head injuries. The of the floor in the
severity of injuries can grading area.
vary, ranging from minor
discomfort to more
serious harm requiring

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

medical attention or even

leading to long-term
disability.
o Slips and falls may result
from wet floors during
cleaning spilled liquids.
o Dents and holes on the
floor can also result to
fall.

Electrical o Exposed electrical wiring  Electrical cords 2 3 6  Conduct electrical

hazards or cords can lead to and appliances inspections at least
electrical shock were in good bi-annually and
o Overloading circuits with condition. document them.
too many appliances,
lighting, or equipment
can lead to overheating,
tripped breakers, and
potential fires.

Manual lifting. Staff may develop the  A hydraulic 2 3 6  Conduct annual

following disorders due pallet and a physical medical
lifting heavy items in the trolley have examinations.

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

grading area: been provided  Display safe

o Carpal tunnel syndrome: to offer lifting techniques
Repetitive tasks, forceful mechanical aid in the
gripping, or awkward when moving grading/receiving
wrist positions can heavy items. area.
contribute to the
compression of the
median nerve in the
wrist, resulting in pain,
numbness, and weakness
in the hand and fingers.
o Employees may
experience decreased
focus, slower work pace,
and reduced efficiency
when their work
environment or tasks
place excessive demands
on their bodies.
o Strains and sprains:
Awkward postures,
excessive force, or

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improper lifting
techniques can lead to
strains, sprains, or acute
injuries.
Fire. o The combustible  Fire 3 3 9  Maintain
materials stored in the extinguishers measures in place.
grading area could catch have provided.
fire resulting into  Good
property damage, injury housekeeping
or loss of life and conditions have
environmental pollution. been
maintained.
 Smoke
detectors and a
fire alarm
systems have
been installed.

Extreme The cold room at the grading  Employees 2 3 6  Conduct

area poses the following have been statutory plant

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

temperatures risks: provided with examination on

o Prolonged exposure to eskimo jackets. the cold room by
extremely cold an approved
temperatures can lead to plant examiner.
cold stress-related
conditions, such as
hypothermia, frostbite,
and chilblains.
o Cold temperatures can
cause muscle fatigue and
reduce dexterity,
increasing the risk of
accidents and ergonomic
strain injuries.
Cuts and o The sharp blade of a  The pangas had 2 2 4  Provide proper
Lacerations pangas used for chopping been mounted training in the
flower stems, can cause on the tables to safe use of
severe cuts and minimize pangas, including
lacerations if mishandled mishandling. techniques for
or if the user loses cutting and
control. handling.

Chemical Store Chemical o Exposure to pesticides,  Employees in 2 4 8  Conduct refresher

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Exposure herbicides, fertilizers, the chemical training on proper

and other agrochemicals store have been handling, storage,
can lead to acute and provided with and disposal of
chronic health issues, appropriate chemicals.
such as skin irritations, PPEs.
respiratory problems, or  An emergency
long-term illnesses. shower and eye
wash point
have been
provided
outside the
chemicals
store.
 Employees
have been
trained on safe
handling and
use of
chemicals.
 Hazard
signages and
SOPs have

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

been displayed
in the
chemicals
store.

Eye Injuries o Chemical splashes or  Employees 3 3 9  Train employees

exposure to dust and assist each in proper lifting
fumes can cause eye other when techniques,
injuries or vision lifting heavy posture, and
problems if proper eye loads. ergonomics.
protection is not used.  Invest in
equipment like
trolleys, and
lifting devices to
reduce the need
for manual lifting.
 Schedule regular
breaks to allow
employees to rest
and recover during
manual handling
tasks.
Chemical Spills o Accidental spills or leaks  Fire 3 3 9  Ensure a spill kit

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

and Leaks can contaminate the extinguishers is always

environment and harm are provided available at the
employees through and are chemicals store.
exposure to hazardous serviced bi-
substances. annually
 There are
trained fire
marshals at the
facility

Manual o Lifting, carrying, or  The chemicals 2 3 6  Provide training

Handling moving heavy chemical are delivered on proper lifting
Injuries containers can lead to and stored in techniques.
musculoskeletal injuries light containers
if proper lifting which are easy
techniques are not to handle.
followed

Generator Electrical & fire The presence of fuel,  Generator is 2 3 6  Avoid storing
hazards. ignition sources, and serviced wastes inside the
electrical equipment in the regularly. generator room.
generator room increases the  Keep the electrical
risk of fires. Fire incidents panel in the

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

can lead to: generator room

o Property damage. closed.
o Smoke inhalation, burns,
and other injuries can
occur, potentially leading
to severe harm or loss of
life.

Health Hazards o Generators produce  The generator 2 2 4  Conduct regular

exhaust gases, including section is inspections and
maintenance of
carbon monoxide (CO), properly
equipment to
nitrogen oxides, and ventilated to minimize health
particulate matter. prevent the risks.

Prolonged exposure to buildup of

high levels of these gases exhaust gases,
can lead to respiratory such as carbon
issues, dizziness, nausea, monoxide.
and even death.

Kitchenette Fire o Using LPG (liquefied  Fire blanket 3 3 9  Move the LPG in
petroleum gas) cylinders and CO2 fire the kitchen
in a kitchen introduces extinguisher outdoors ( a well
potential fire risks and has been ventilated area)

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

hazards due to the provided and pipe the gas

flammable nature of the into the kitchen,
gas. Inadequate alternatively, opt
ventilation can cause a for a safer source
buildup of gas in the air, of energy.
increasing the risk of an
explosive mixture
o Clutter and items stored
too close to heat sources
can catch fire quickly
and spread rapidly.

o Dirty surfaces, utensils,  Staff have been 2 3 6  Provide regular

Food and equipment can subjected to training to staff
Contamination
harbor bacteria and food handlers members on
contaminants that can be test. proper food
transferred to food.  Proper hygiene handling practices,
o Food handlers with is maintained including hand
illnesses or poor personal in the kitchen. hygiene, cross-
hygiene practices can contamination
introduce pathogens into prevention
food.

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

Covid-19 o Staff and customers are  Hand washing 2 3 6  Maintain the

Entire Workplace. exposure. at risk of contracting measures in
stations are
Covid-19 disease. place.
provided in the
workplace.

Entire facility. Noncompliance Persons at risk.  The workplace 3 3 9  Renew the

with OSH o Employer is registered workplace
Procedures/ o Employee with DOSHS. registration with
Policies and o Contractors  OSH policy has DOSHs
Programs; o Customers been  Display the OSH
formulated. and fire safety
Risks  Firefighting policy statement
o Lack of compliance can equipment, at strategic
lead to penalties from the including locations in the
government portable fire workplace
o Lack of procedures and extinguishers  Develop and
programs can lead to have been communicate an
unsafe work practices provided. ERP in case of
and conditions leading to  Provision of fire, terror attack,
injuries, occupational welfare security threat,
illness, death and facilities collapse of
property damage. including first structure and

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

aid box, medical

sanitary emergency.
conveniences,  Conduct
drinking water statutory safety
and PPE. and health
 Smoke refresher
detection and trainings.
fire alarm  Conduct the
systems have annual fire drill.
been installed.  Conduct annual
 The OSH physical medical
abstract has examinations.
been displayed  Conduct
in the electrical
workplace. inspections once
in every 6
months to assess
any possible
faulty wiring,
phase balancing
and poor
earthing.

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

Welfare facilities. Sanitary o Inadequate or poorly  Adequate 3 2 6  Ensure soap is

Conveniences; maintained sanitary toilets and always available
facilities can lead to clean have at the
health and hygiene been provided. handwashing
issues, increasing the risk  A routine stations.
of infections, diseases, cleaning  Display
and the spread of germs schedule for educational
among employees. restrooms, posters about
o Lost Productivity: including proper
Unhygienic or thorough handwashing and
uncomfortable restroom cleaning of hygiene practices
facilities might lead to fixtures, floors, to encourage
employees avoiding and surfaces employees to
using them, potentially has been follow best
causing them to leave the established. practices.
premises or spend  Handwashing
excessive time away stations with
from their workstations. soap and water
have been
provided near
restrooms.

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

o Contaminated drinking  Clean and safe 3 2 6  Maintain the

Drinking water water can lead to drinking water measures in place.
waterborne diseases such sources are
as gastroenteritis, readily
cholera, and accessible to all
Legionnaires' disease, employees in
resulting in illness the workplace.
among employees.

First aid o Delayed Medical  A adequately 3 3 9  Conduct statutory

facilities; Attention: Without stocked first first aid training
proper first aid facilities, aid kit had been on at least two
employees who provided at the employees in the

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

experience injuries or workplace. workplace.

medical emergencies
might not receive
immediate attention. This
delay could worsen the
severity of the injury or
medical condition.
o Without proper first aid
supplies and facilities,
wounds may not be
cleaned and dressed
promptly, increasing the
risk of infection.
o Workplaces are required
by law to have adequate
first aid facilities. Failure
to comply with these
regulations can lead to
legal consequences and
penalties.

Accommodation o The lack of changing  Designated 2 2 4  Maintain the

for clothing. facilities can compromise changing measures in place.

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

employees' privacy and rooms have

dignity, especially if they been provided.
have to change in open
or shared spaces.
o Inadequate storage
measures can make
personal belongings,
such as wallets, phones,
and personal documents,
susceptible to theft or
loss.

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Risk assessment is the key to prevention policy. Prevention means anticipating and
analyzing the various aspects of work in order to identify short-term and long-term risks.
Most long-term risks are underestimated. Sometimes their presence is denied. Risk
assessment is essentially an exercise in deconstructing this invisibility. Without a
systematic assessment of the risks involved, it would only be possible to apply a reactive,
after-the-event policy to correct particular aspects of how the work is organized.

We believe that the facility through implementation of the proposed recommendations

will be in a position to secure the safety, health and welfare of all her employees and
protect them and others affected by her activities from the risks to safety and health
arising out of, or in connection with, the activities of persons at work. This will also
enable the workplace to comply with the provisions under OSHA 2007 that requires the
Occupier to ensure the safety, health and welfare at work of all persons working in his
workplace.

The risk assessment should be reviewed on a regular basis to ensure any new operations
and consequent hazards are assessed, evaluated and controlled. It will also review the
implementation of the corrective actions proposed.

The Occupier is hereby advised to implement the outlined recommendations and any
other best practices mitigation plans for the risks rated high and medium to
acceptable/low levels within the shortest time possible.

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

REFERENCES

 The Occupational Safety and Health act (2007) Laws of Kenya

 Health and Safety Risk assessment score table.
 Health and Safety risk assessment Code of Practice.
 Fire risk reduction rules, 2007
 Noise prevention and control rules, 2005
 Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and safety Vol. II, Geneva 1983

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

PHOTOGRAPHIC REPORT

PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF GOOD SAFETY PRACTICES IN THE

WORKPLACE
Photo NO. Date: 27/09/2023
1
Description:
A view of trolley and a hydraulic
pallet provided to offer
mechanical aid in the grading
area.

Photo NO. Date: 27/09/2023

2
Description:
A view of a handwashing point
in the workplace.

Photo NO. Date: 27/09/2023

3
Description:
A view of a hazards signage in
the chemical store

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 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT 2023

PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION AREAS THAT NEED IMPROVEMENT IN

THE WORKPLACE
Photo No. 1 Date: 27/09/2023

Description:
A view of waste accumulated in the
workplace.
Action required:
Promptly dispose off waste and
obsolete from the workplace.

Photo No. 2 Date: 27/09/2023

Description:
A view of an un-adjustable chair in the
offices.
Action required:
Provide ergonomic chairs to employees
without them in the kitchen.

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