Chemistry project Preparation of ink

Vikram anand singh Xi a3 Roll no. 60 Rani laxmi bai memorial senior secondary school

contents
Certificate Acknowledgement Introduction What is Ink? How it was prepared in the ancient times Types of Ink Aniline Ink Method of preparing Aniline Ink Gallo-tannic Ink

Method of preparation of Gallo-tannic ink

Bibliography

Certificate
This is to certify that Vikram Anand Singh of class XI has successfully completed the project work on chemistry on the topic Preparation of Ink It is further certified that this project is original and individual work of the Candidate.

Yours Truly Vikram

Acknowledgement
I would like to express my greatest gratitude to the people who have helped & supported me throughout my project. I am grateful to my subject teacher Mrs. Neena Mishra maam for her continuous support for the project, from inception & through ongoing advice & encouragement to this day. A special thank of mine goes to my colleague who helped me ideas, thoughts & made this project easy and accurate. I wish to thank my parents for their undivided support and interest who inspired me and encouraged me to go my own way, without whom I would be unable to complete my project. At last but not the least I want to thank my friends finally to God who made all the things possible... who appreciated me for my work and motivated me and initial advice & contacts in the early stages of conceptual

in completing the project & he exchanged his interesting

Introduction
Many say that pen is mightier than sword, but ever thought that what makes the pen mightier? Yes it is the wonder liquid INK. You might have used ink many times for writing but have you ever bothered that from where it comes? How it is prepared? What materials are used in its preparation? Etc. Im sure your answer would be NO! But dont worry this project includes answer of all your questions. This project throws a light on types of inks from manufacturing point of view and includes method for preparing them either in chemistry laboratory or at home.

Ink
What is Ink? Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigments and / or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing and / or writing with a pen, brush, or quill. Thicker inks, in paste form, are used extensively Ink is an in letterpress and lithographic printing.

essential item for students, teachers, authors and others. Ink was first, used by the Egyptians around 4000 years ago. Ink formulas vary, but commonly involve four components: 1)Colorants 2)Vehicles (binders) 3)Additives 4)Carrier substances

How it was
prepared in the ancient times.
The history of Chinese inks can be traced back to the 12th century BC, with the utilization of natural plant (plant dyes), animal (squid ink), and mineral offset ink based on such materials as graphite that were ground with water and applied with ink brushes. Evidence for the earliest Chinese inks, similar to modern ink sticks, is around 256 BC in the end of the Warring States Period and produced using manual labour from soot and animal glue. About 1,600 years ago, a popular ink recipe was created. The recipe was used for centuries. Iron salts, such as ferrous sulfate (made by treating iron with sulfuric acid), were mixed with tannin from gallnuts (they grow on trees) and a thickener. When first put to paper, this ink is bluish-black. Over time it fades to a dull brown.

Types of ink
On the basis of use On the basis of Manufacturing
(a) Blue ink, (b) Black ink, (c) Blue-black ink, (d) Green ink, (e) Red ink, (f) Stamp pad ink. In this project you will learn about preparation of Aniline and Gallo-tannic ink with respect to particular colors (I) Aniline ink,

(II) Gallo-tannic ink.

Aniline Ink
Following substances are mixed for preparing this type of ink: (1) Main Materials Blue-black color Blue color Red color Black color Green color Naphtha blue-black Acid blue, Methylene blue Scarlet red, Eosin Aniline black Malachite green

Some aniline colors are also used in preparing ink which is dissolved directly in water. (2) Other materials (i) Glue: Gum Arabic (or gum acacia) is dissolved in hot water and this results in a sticky solution. Mixing of this in an ink solution, helps in many ways : (a) The ink turns bright. (b) The color of ink does not fade with time. (c) The flow of ink is maintained smooth.

(ii)

Glycerine: Sometimes, glycerine is also used in preparing ink. The mixing of glycerine checks the early drying of ink. This is mainly used in preparing the stamp pad inks.

(iii)

Alcohol : Spirit or alcohol is mixed in ink because it helps in : (a) Quick drying of ink, and (b) The ink does not diffuse on papers after writing.

(iv)

Boric or carbolic acids: The principal constituents of ink are organic in nature. The breakdown of these materials spoils the ink and this causes deposition of constituents in fountain pen of in the ink pot. Incorporation of boric or carbolic acid to the ink preparation checks this problem.

(v)

Scented materials: The organic decay of ink gives it sometimes, foul smell. To avoid this, scented materials are incorporated at the time of ink preparation.

Method of
preparing Aniline Ink
For preparing a particular colored ink, first of all a 2.5% solution of that color in distilled water is made. To this, is added a suitable amount of glue solution. Now the solution is mixed well and heated for 5 minutes. During heating, the contents are constantly agitated. On cooling, the solution is filtered. The process of filtration is a very important step and is carefully repeated several times. To this is now, mixed a little amount, each of boric acid or carbolic acid, alcohol or spirit and scented material. This preparation is filtered again and bottled. If one desires to get a stamp-pad ink then glycerine should be used in place of alcohol during preparation.

Gallo-tannic Ink
The following substances are used in its preparations: (1) Chief constituents : Following substances are the chief constituents : (i) (ii) Tannic and Gallic acids are used as chief constituents to get blue-black ink. Ferrous sulphate and hydrochloric acid also helps in providing blue-black color to the ink and check the growth of fungus. Other materials: The other materials used are carbolic acid or boric acid, gum Arabic or gum acacia, spirit or alcohol, glycerine and scented material etc. These substances play the same role in this case as in aniline ink. Basically, it is a mixture of ferrous sulphate, tannic acid and Gallic acid; it is, therefore, also called Iron-gall ink.

Method of
preparation of Gallo-tannic ink
Dissolve 250 gm of tannic acid and 80 gm of Gallic acid in about 5 liters of distilled water. To this solution 250 ml dilute HCl is added. Dissolve in a separate container 300 gm ferrous sulphate, 20 gm carbolic acid about 4 liters of water. In a third container, the desired color is dissolved in a little water. All the three solutions are mixed together. Also add a little of glue solution, alcohol, scented material, mix well, filter and keep the filtrate for a few days.
Filter once again and store in bottles. The ink is ready

for use.

How to prepare
ink at home
One drop at a time, add hot distilled water to the bowl of lampblack (you can make your own by completely burning paper or wood) - stop adding water before you think you should and if you, accidentally, get too much water, add more lampblack. Mix until the water is an inky black (lampblack floats and is difficult to dissolve). Once the water is inky black, add a small amount of gum Arabic and mix until the gum has been dissolved in the warm liquid (this homemade ink should be the same consistency as commercially prepared ink). Store the ink in a small glass bottle for future use. A variant of this recipe is: mix together one egg yolk, one tablespoon gum Arabic and 1/2 cup honey; then stir in 1/2 tablespoon lampblack: this will produce a thick paste which you can store in a sealed container. To use the ink, mix this paste with a small amount of water to achieve the desired consistency.

Bibliography
This project would not have been a reality without the help of my teachers, my friends and class mates and especially BookWebsitesChemistry for class x (U.P.board) www.google.com www.wikipedia.org www.kingswoodinks.com TV Channel- Discovery