1966

THE YEAR THE DECADE

EXPLODED

JON SAVAGE
 First published in the UK in 2015
by Faber & Faber Limited
Bloomsbury House
74–77 Great Russell Street
London wc1b 3da
This paperback edition published in 2021
Typeset by Ian Bahrami
Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon cr0 4yy
All rights reserved
© Jon Savage, 2015
The right of Jon Savage to be identified as author of this work
has been asserted in accordance with Section 77 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not,by way of trade
or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the
publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in
which it is published and without a similar condition including this
condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser
Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain permission
for the use of copyright material. The publisher would be pleased to rectify any
omissions that are brought to its attention at the earlier opportunity
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
isbn 978–0–571–36855–6

2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1
 1 : JANUARY

A Quiet Explosion: CND, Protest and

the Conspiracy of Silence
 2 : FEBRUARY

19th Nervous Breakdown: British Teen Culture

and the Madness of Swinging London
 3 : MARCH

The Ballad of the Green Berets:

The Vietnam War in America
 4 : APRIL

The Third Eye: LSD and Its Discontents

 5 : MAY

Walkin’ My Cat Named Dog: The Feminine

Mystique and Female Independence
 6 : JUNE
I’ll Be Your Mirror: The Velvet Underground
and Warhol’s America
 7 : JULY

Land of 1000 Dances: Tamla, Soul and

the March Against Fear
 8 : AUGUST

Do You Come Here Often? Joe Meek,

Gay Rights and a Summer of Violence
 9 : SEPTEMBER

7 And 7 Is: Provocations, Shadows

and a New Language
 10 : OCTOBER

Winchester Cathedral: Times Past,

Present and Future
 11 : NOVEMBER

Good Vibrations: Motown and Soul in the UK,

the Beach Boys and the Sunset Strip
 12 : DECEMBER

My Mind’s Eye: Dreams of Freedom,

a Prophetic Minority and the Return to Childhood
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, thanks to the professional team: editor Lee Brackstone,

my agent Tony Peake, Ian Bahrami for copy-editing, and Dave
Watkins, Kate Ward and Luke Bird at Faber and Faber. Thanks
also to Mat Bancroft for the cover.
Thanks to the interviewees: Jeff Dexter, Steve Gibbons, Dave
Godin (RIP), Tony Hall, John Hopkins (RIP), Peter Jenner, Barry
Miles, Gene Sculatti, Norma Tanega, Pete Townshend, Robert
Whitaker (RIP) and Vicki Wickham.
Thanks to the editors who allowed me to develop some of these
ideas in print: Jenny Bulley, Steve Eriksen, Johan Kugelberg, Tim
Jonze, Caspar Llewellyn-Smith and Andrew Pulver.
For providing research items and other encouragement: Jeff
Gold for access to Ralph J. Gleason’s archive; Terence Pepper
for the loan of 1960s pop magazines and the Dusty Springfield
Bulletins; David A. Mellor for materials and thoughts relating to
Pauline Boty; for thoughts about black American dance music
and its relationship to life, thanks to Naomi Elizabeth Bragin and
Moncell ‘ill kozby’ Durden; Mark Lewisohn for taking time out
from the second volume of his Beatles biography to answer several
questions with accuracy and grace; Peter Doggett for information
on Sandy Posey; Tom Vague for material relating to the London
Free School and the Notting Hill Fayre; Ray Robinson at www.
azanorak.com for allowing me access to pirate radio show audio
from 1966; Gene Sculatti for material relating to California –
Los Angeles and San Francisco; Peter Fowler for access to the
manuscript of his autobiography; Matt Wrbican for access to the
549
 acknowledgements

Time Capsules at the Andy Warhol Museum and the prodigious

amount of photocopying all those years ago. Thanks also to Andrew
Sclanders of Beatbooks for rare material from the period, including
a run of KRLA Beat magazine and images of THE Global moon­
edition Long Hair TIMES.
For friendship and practical assistance beyond the call of
duty: Wendy Wolf, Michael Bracewell, Amanda Brown, Adair
Brouwer, Colin Fallows, Paul Fletcher, Jeff Gold and Jody Uttal,
Vivienne Hamilton-Shields, Ray Hughes, Chris Jennings and Ian
Davies, Johan Kugelberg, Maren Kugelberg, Johnny Marr, Neville
McLennan and John Mundy, Thom Oatman, Neil Spencer, Neil
Tennant, Ben Thompson, Paul Tickell, Kath Turner and John
Wardle.
To my mother, who told me she missed the sixties. Too busy with
me and my father.

Thanks to Maureen Cleave for permission to quote from ‘Bad

Joke into Social Lion?’, ‘How Does a Beatle Live?’ and ‘The
Year That Pop Went Flat’ – her work can be found at the
Rocksbackpages website (rocksbackpages.com); to Peter Fowler
for permission to quote from his autobiography Almost Grown,
the first part of which is published by Zois Books; to William
De’Ath for permission to quote from Just Me and Nobody Else;
to Thomas Edward Shaw and Anita Klemke for permission to
quote from Black Monk Time (Eddie currently works with the
Hydraulic Pigeons, whose latest album is Jass in Six Pieces);
to Richard Goldstein for permission to quote from ‘Gear’
and ‘The Soul Sound from Sheepshead Bay’, which appear in
Goldstein’s Greatest Hits (Prentice-Hall, 1970) (for more, see
Richard Goldstein, Another Little Piece of My Heart: My Life
of Rock and Revolution in the ’60s (Bloomsbury, 2015)); to Mike
Stax for permission to quote from ‘A Love Supreme: The Johnny
Echols Interview’, Ugly Things #33, spring/summer 2012 (www.
ugly-things.com). The extract from Twiggy in Black and White:
An Autobiography by Twiggy Lawson is reprinted by permission
550
 acknowledgements

of Peters, Fraser and Dunlop (www.petersfraserdunlop.com) on

behalf of Twiggy Lawson.
Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders for use
of quoted material. In the event of an inadvertent omission, please
contact Faber & Faber.

551
 SOURCES

For general information on single releases: www.45cat.com

For the Billboard Top 100 Charts (US) and the Record Retailer (UK) charts for
1966: www.old-charts.com
For the Radio Caroline Countdown of Sound: www.radiolondon.co.uk/
caroline/stonewashed/index.html

introduction
‘You see, there’s something else . . .’: Maureen Cleave, ‘How Does a Beatle
Live? John Lennon Lives Like This’, Evening Standard, 4 March 1966
Lou Reed, ‘The View from the Bandstand’, and Robert Shelton, ‘Orpheus
Plugs In’, both from Aspen, vol. 1 issue 3, the ‘Fab’ issue, December 1966
Bob Dylan in 1966: Sean Wilentz, Bob Dylan in America (Bodley Head,
2010); C. P. Lee, Like the Night (Helter Skelter, 2004); Robert Shelton, No
Direction Home: The Life and Music of Bob Dylan (New English Library,
1986); Clinton Heylin, Behind the Shades: The 20th Anniversary Edition
(Faber and Faber, 2011); Bob Dylan Live 1966, The ‘Royal Albert Hall’
Concert (Columbia, 1998); Bob Dylan, Genuine Live 1966 (Scorpio bootleg,
2000)

chapter 1
‘“THE SOUND OF SILENCE” . . .: Judith Piepe, sleeve notes for The Paul
Simon Song Book (CBS UK, August 1965)
Paul Williams, The Performing Artist: The Music of Bob Dylan Volume 1,
1960–1973 (Underwood Miller, 1990)
Adrian Henri quote from ‘It Seemed Right and Still Does’: John Minnion and
Philip Bolsover (Eds), The CND Story: The First 25 Years of CND in the
Words of the People Involved, Chapter 6 – ‘Words, Music and Marches’
(Allison and Busby, 1983)
Steve Gibbons quotes from author interview, January 2013
David Wells, sleeve notes to The Quiet Explosion: The (Complete) Ugly’s
(Sequel Records, 2004)
Norman Jopling and Peter Jones, ‘New Singles Reviewed . . .’, Record Mirror,
22 January 1966
For a general history of the atomic arms race from the early 1950s onwards:

565
 sources

Norman Moss, Men Who Play God: The Story of the Hydrogen Bomb
(Penguin, 1970)
‘In the new world, the light was harsh’ and the generations ‘divided’: Jeff
Nuttall, Bomb Culture, Part 1 – ‘Pop, II’ (MacGibbon & Kee, 1968)
Paul Boyer, By the Bomb’s Early Light: American Thought and Culture at the
Dawn of the Atomic Age (Pantheon, 1985)
For the details of Sam Hinton’s ‘Old Man Atom’ and many other Atomic
records: Bill Geerhart and Ken Sitz, sleeve notes to Atomic Platters: Cold
War Music from the Golden Age of Homeland Security (Bear Family
Records, 2005)
Peggy Duff, ‘CND: 1958–1965’, in Left, Left, Left: A Personal Account of Six
Protest Campaigns 1945–65 (Allison & Busby, 1971)
Norman Moss, Men Who Play God, op. cit., Chapter 7 – ‘Ban the Bomb’
John Minnion and Philip Bolsover (Eds), The CND Story, op. cit., Chapter
1 – ‘Aldermaston and the Early Years’ and Chapter 2 – ‘Problems of the
1960’s’
‘Members of Parliament, professors and students’: Peggy Duff, ‘The
Aldermaston Marches’, ‘CND: 1958–1965’, in Left, Left, Left, op. cit.
‘any moment to be blinded by the first dazzling bomb flash’: Pat Arrowsmith,
Jericho, Chapter 27 (Cresset Press, 1965)
John Charlton, Don’t You Hear the H­Bomb’s Thunder? North East Labour
History (Merlin Press, 2009)
John Minnion and Philip Bolsover (Eds), The CND Story, op. cit., Chapter 6 –
‘Words, Music and Marches’
For more on March to Aldermaston: www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/533592
‘A photograph from the Jeff Nuttall archive’: George McKay, ‘Trad Jazz in
1950s Britain – protest, pleasure, politics – interviews with some of those
involved’, usir.salford.ac.uk/9306/1/trad_jazz_interviews_2001-02_PDF.pdf
‘owned an extensive collection . . .’ and ‘made his magnificent hominoids . . .’:
Bomb Culture, op. cit., Part IV – ‘Sick II’
‘The Colyer fans . . .’: ibid., Part II – ‘Protest II’
Barry Miles, author interview, October 2013
‘in the square below there were many thousands . . .’: Peggy Duff, ‘The Direct
Action Committee and the Committee of 100’, ‘CND: 1958–1965’, in Left,
Left, Left, op. cit.
‘They have sacrificed a lot . . .’: Bomb Culture, op. cit., Part II – ‘Protest II’
For Cuba in general, the ‘What does it matter how we eat?’ story and the Pat
Arrowsmith quote: Men Who Play God, op. cit., Chapter 12 – ‘The Nuclear
Cool’
Mike Down quote from ‘We’re not there yet, but we’re getting there: Mike
Down, 2001’, Don’t You Hear the H­Bomb’s Thunder, op. cit., Addendum 1
Bob Dylan, sleeve notes to The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan (CBS UK, November
1963)
John Hopkins, author interview, May 2012
John Hopkins, From the Hip: Photographs by John ‘Hoppy’ Hopkins 1960–66
(Damiani Editore, 2008)
‘the line in the sand between the old order . . .’: Colin Harper, Dazzling

566
 sources

Stranger: Bert Jansch and the British Folk and Blues Revival, Chapter 6 –
‘Nineteen Sixty-Five’ (Bloomsbury, 2000)
Meeting Point: Outcasts and Outsiders featured Judith Piepe talking to Tom
Salmon about her work among young people in the clubs of Soho and was
shown at 6.15 p.m. on 20 November 1966
Judith Piepe’s voiceover and Al Stewart singing ‘Pretty Golden Hair’ can be
seen at www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4zULQipyM8
The Top of the Pops video that showed Dylan arriving at London Heathrow
was taken from the D. A. Pennebaker footage that later became Don’t Look
Back. It was aired on 22 April 1965
In late 1965, the British Ember Records label released an album of early
Barry McGuire material, Barry McGuire Sings, with an added title insert,
‘The Eve of Destruction Man’, and a graphic picture of an atomic bomb
exploding
For more on Mick Softley: psychedelicbaby.blogspot.co.uk/2015/01/mick-
softley-songs-for-swingin.html
Peter Watkins, The War Game, BFI DVD 2003 (also includes Dr John Cook’s
documentary The War Game – The Controversy)
For Peter Watkins’s quotes: pwatkins.mnsi.net/warGame.htm
George W. Brandt (Ed.), British Television Drama, Chapter 9 – ‘Peter
Watkins’ by S. M. J. Arrowsmith (Cambridge University Press, 1981)
Mary Whitehouse added her voices to those calling for the film to be banned:
Ben Thompson (Ed.), Ban This Filth! Letters from the Mary Whitehouse
Archive (Faber and Faber, 2012)
Peter Watkins, The War Game (Sphere Books, 1967)
Tony Hall on The War Game: ‘The Tony Hall Column’, Record Mirror, 14
May 1966
For the Palomares incident: David Stiles, ‘A Fusion Bomb over Andalucía:
U.S. Information Policy and the 1966 Palomares Incident’, Journal
of Cold War Studies, winter 2006 (www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/
abs/10.1162/152039706775212067#.VYl5dV5U0YU). A sanitised version of
this disaster became the plot line in the Cliff Richard film Finders Keepers,
released in December 1966
For Love’s ‘Mushroom Clouds’: Andrew Sandoval, notes to Love’s Love
reissue (Elektra/WSM, 2001)
For the Wheel-A-Ways review: ‘Top 100 Pick’, Cashbox, 29 January 1966

chapter 2
‘Today’s Princes of Pop . . .’: ‘10 Years of Pop’, Boyfriend Book 1966
Louise Criscone, ‘The Stones Speak to the Press’, KRLA Beat, 8 January 1966
Norman Jopling and Peter Jones, ‘The Singles Reviewed’, Record Mirror, 5
February 1966
Penny Valentine, ‘Stones Stay with Dylan!’, Disc Weekly, 5 February 1966
The Rave review of ‘19th Nervous Breakdown’ is in the March 1966 issue:
‘Rave’s Whether Chart Forecast for March’
Maureen Cleave, ‘Bad Joke into Social Lion?’ Evening Standard, 4 February
1966 (from the Rocksbackpages website: www.rocksbackpages.com)

567
 sources

Jennifer Harris, Sarah Hyde and Greg Smith, 1966 and All That: Design and
the Consumer in Britain 1960–1969 (Trefoil Design Library, 1986)
‘The Teen-Agers: What They’re Really Like’, Newsweek, 21 March 1966
‘Music is the pulse and flow of teenage life . . .’: Peter Laurie, The Teenage
Revolution, Chapter 5 – ‘In His Day, Shakespeare Was Almost as Pop as
Presley in His’ (Anthony Blond, 1965)
For record prices: Albert McCarthy, The Gramophone Popular Record
Catalogue, September 1966
‘discs which were most successful chart-wise throughout the year’: Richard
Green, ‘Top Stars . . . and the Top Discs’, Record Mirror, 18 December 1965
For teenage spending and saving and the youth media: The Teenage
Revolution, op. cit., Chapter 4 – ‘How Cleverly Do Adults Fleece the
Young?’
Thanks to Terence Pepper for his thoughts on 1960s magazines. See also Jon
Savage, ‘Portraits of Pop’, in Terence Pepper (Ed.), From Beatles to Bowie:
The 60s Exposed (National Portrait Gallery); and www.theguardian.com/
music/2009/sep/06/sixties-60s-pop-magazines-beatles
For details of Top of the Pops 3 February 1966 (and other episodes during
1966): www.tv.com/shows/top-of-the-pops-uk/3rd-february-1966-365592
For a general ‘1960s British Rock and Pop Chronology’: www.skidmore.
edu/~gthompso/britrock/60brchro/60brch66.html
For the British Top 50 and the American Top 100 in 1966: www.old-charts.com
Vicki Wickham, email correspondence with the author, May 2015
For details of Ready Steady Go! episodes: www.tv.com/shows/ready-steady-go/
episodes
For the Rolling Stones’ August 1965 performance of ‘(I Can’t Get
No) Satisfaction’ on Ready Steady Go!: www.youtube.com/
watch?v=VCtwAuoahoA
For the Radio London chart of 6 February 1966: www.radiolondon.co.uk/rl/
scrap60/fabforty/65fabs/feb66/060266/fab060266.html
For audio files on request, including the Jack Spector US Top 40 show: www.
azanorak.com
For a general pirate radio history: Mike Leonard, The Beat Fleet: The Story
Behind the 60’s ‘Pirate’ Radio Stations, Forest Press, 2004
Tom Lodge, ‘The Pirate’s Den’, Music Echo, 12 February 1966
For the three generations: The Teenage Revolution, op. cit., Chapter 1 – ‘Fission:
The Young Have Always Been One Pace Ahead, Now They Are Two’
Peter Whitehead, Charlie Is My Darling (DVD, ABCKO Films, 2012)
The Rolling Stones photo with Dezo Hoffman and Andrew Loog Oldham can
be seen in Robert Palmer, The Rolling Stones (Sphere, 1983)
Andrew Loog Oldham, 2Stoned (Secker and Warburg, 2002)
Mark Abrams, The Teenage Consumer (The London Press Exchange Ltd, July
1959)
Charles Hamblett and Jane Deverson, Generation X (Anthony Gibbs, 1964)
‘Over the average teenager hovers . . .’: The Teenage Revolution, op. cit.,
chapter entitled ‘How Does the Teenager See Himself in the Grown-Up
World; How Do Adults Help Him to Arrive There?’

568
 sources

‘young people are suffering from an enforced schizophrenia . . .’: Wilfrid

De’Ath, ‘A Short Sharp Shock’, in Just Me and Nobody Else (Hutchinson,
1966)
Eden, ‘DYLAN’, KRLA Beat, 22 January 1966
Christopher Gibbs, author interview, June 1995
For more images from the Franklin Canyon shoot: guywebster.com
David Griffiths, ‘Have Your Personalities Changed Much in the Three Years
You’ve Been Pop Stars? YES’, Record Mirror, 12 February 1966
Richard Green, ‘Brian Wants to Swop His Rolls for a Mini’, Record Mirror, 12
February 1966
The Record Mirror reviews of ‘19th Nervous Breakdown’, ‘Shapes of Things’,
‘Dedicated Follower of Fashion’ and ‘Substitute’ are contained in the issues
of 5, 19 and 26 February and 12 March 1966
‘We had the Rolling Stones here last week . . .’ and subsequent quotes from
Ray Davies: author interview, October 1983; published in Jon Savage, The
Kinks: The Official Biography (Faber and Faber, 1984)
‘Just Dennis: A Boy’s Angle on Boy’s Fashion’, Rave, February and March 1966
NME Kinks cover, 4 March 1966
Dawn James, ‘Putting You Straight About the Kinks’, Rave, March 1966
Eden, ‘Havin’ a Wild Rave-Up with Five Yardbirds’, KRLA Beat, 29 January
1966
Dawn James, ‘Five Square Yardbirds’, Rave, December 1965
Greg Russo, Yardbirds: The Ultimate Rave­Up (Crossfire Publications, 2001)
The Rave reviews of ‘Dedicated Follower of Fashion’ and ‘Shapes of Things’
are in the April 1966 issue
David Dalton, The Rolling Stones: The First Twenty Years (Thames and
Hudson, 1981)
Pete Townshend quotes from author interview, September 2011
‘met a rather gaudy Mod in stripes . . .’: The Teenage Revolution, op. cit.,
‘SCENES FROM TEENAGE LIFE. SUNDAY A.M.’ in Chapter 3 –
‘The Importance of Ephemeral Things’
‘only comprehensible if one sees them as . . .’: The Teenage Revolution, op. cit.,
Chapter 1 – ‘Fission’
For the Pete Townshend Whole Scene Going interview: www.youtube.com/
watch?v=oYhJ4zjYQvY
Alan Freeman, ‘The Truth About Our Generation’, Rave, February 1966
Dawn James, ‘Who Knows What the Who Are Really Like?’ Rave, March 1966
Andy Neill and Mat Kent, Anyway Anyhow Anywhere: The Complete
Chronicle of the Who 1958–1978 (Virgin Books, 2002)
Review of ‘Substitute’ in Record Mirror, 12 March 1966
John Heilpern, ‘The Who – The Prediction Business (2)’, Observer colour
magazine, 20 March 1966
For Colin Jones and the Who photograph: www.theguardian.com/media/2011/
jul/31/five-decades-of-the-observer-magazine
‘London Swings!’ Rave, April 1966
Wilfrid De’Ath, ‘Leave Me Alone’ and ‘You Take What You Want’, Just Me
and Nobody Else, op. cit.

569
 sources

For a description of how Pharaoh came to write his New Society article: ibid.,
‘Confessions for Sale’
Neale Pharaoh, ‘The Long Blunt Shock’, New Society, 26 September 1963,
cited in Stan Cohen, ‘A Note on Detention Centres’, from ‘Approved
Schools and Detention Centres’, Anarchy 101, July 1969
Neale Pharaoh, ‘He Gets Out of It’, New Society, 20 February 1964, cited
in Richard Davenport-Hines, The Pursuit of Oblivion: A Social History of
Drugs (Orion, 2001)
For Pharaoh (‘Neil’) and Eric Clapton and Eel Pie Island: John Platt, ‘Eel Pie
Memories’, Comstock Lode, no. 7. Go to: www.eelpie.org/comstock7.htm
Dan Van Ver Vat and Michele Whitby, Eel Pie Island (Francis Lincoln
Limited, 1999)
‘The “Mod” has been diverted to purely material channels . . .’: Wilfrid
De’Ath, ‘You Take What You Want’, Just Me and Nobody Else, op. cit.
‘The students, especially the art students . . .’: ibid., ‘Confessions for Sale’
Feliz Aeppli, The Ultimate Guide to the Rolling Stones 1962–2012, aeppli.ch/
tug.htm
Eden, ‘Exclusive: BEAT Attends Closed Stones’ Session’, KRLA Beat, 16
April 1966
Mike Ledgerwood, ‘JAGGER back from Paris with a gashed eye’, Disc
Weekly, 9 April 1966
Could You Walk on Water? is mentioned as the new Stones album in Record
Mirror, 29 January 1966
Richard Green, ‘The Smash LP of the Year?’ Record Mirror, 6 April 1966
Pete Fowler, excerpted from an autobiography to be published as Almost
Grown (Zois Books, 2015)
Piri Halasz, ‘You Can Walk It Across the Grass’, Time, 15 April 1966
Jackie Harlow, ‘The British Boom – Is It Over?’ Rave, February 1966
The Rolling Stones Monthly quote ‘We had just done five weeks’ hectic work’
is reprinted in David Dalton, The Rolling Stones: The First Twenty Years
(Random House, 1984)
Chris Curtis: Frank Allen, ‘The Day the Crack-Up Came for Chris’, Disc and
Music Echo, 23 April 1966. For more on Chris Curtis, see 2Stoned, op. cit.,
Chapter 12
‘It was like Morgan: A Suitable Case for Treatment’: Ray Davies, author
interview 1983/4, published in The Kinks: The Official Biography, op. cit.
Morgan: A Suitable Case for Treatment [DVD] 2011. For more, go to www.
theguardian.com/film/2011/feb/10/morgan-suitable-case-for-treatment-dvd

chapter 3
For increase in US troops in Vietnam: Christian G. Appy, Working Class War:
American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam, Chapter 5 – ‘The Terms of Battle’
(University of North Carolina Press, 1993)
Stanley Karnow, Vietnam: A History, Chapter 11 – ‘LBJ Goes to War’,
Chapter 12 – ‘Escalation’ and Chapter 13 – ‘Debate, Diplomacy, Doubt’
(Pimlico, 1994)
For LBJ’s approval rating and 43 per cent thinking he was not doing enough:

570
 sources

Robert Dallek, Lyndon B. Johnson: Portrait of a President, Chapter 10 –

‘Lyndon Johnson’s War’ (Penguin, 2005)
For generational attitudes to war: Working Class War: American Combat
Soldiers and Vietnam, op. cit., Chapter 2 – ‘Life Before the Nam’
Carol Deck, ‘Barry Sadler Sings of War Without Protest’, KRLA Beat, 26
February 1966
Uncredited writer, ‘Ballads: Of Men and Green Berets’, KRLA Beat, 26 March
1966
Uncredited writer, ‘Teen Panel Discussion: Green Berets and Barry McGuire’,
KRLA Beat, 30 April 1966
John Michaels, ‘Barry Sadler: You Don’t Have to Shake Dandruff’, KRLA
Beat, 9 July 1966
The president’s 46 per cent approval rating: Lyndon B. Johnson: Portrait of a
President, op. cit., Chapter 10 – ‘Lyndon Johnson’s War’
For a complete history of Vietnam records, for and against: the Bear Family
compilation . . . Next Stop Is Vietnam: The War on Record – 1961–2008
(13xCD, 2010)
Mario Savio’s 3 December 1964 speech is quoted in the Free Speech Movement
archives: www.fsm-a.org/stacks/mario/mario_speech.html
Robert Cohen and Reginald E. Zelnik (Eds), The Free Speech Movement:
Reflections on Berkeley in the 1960s, Part 1 – ‘Roots’, including Mario
Savio, ‘Thirty Years Later: Reflections on the FSM’, and Part 2 –
‘Experience’ (University of California Press, 2002)
Lari Blumenfeld and Fred Gardner, ‘Anti-War Pickets Vow More Troop Train
Demonstrations’, Berkeley Daily Gazette, 7 August 1965
Jerry Belcher, ‘Pickets Outrun Police, but Troop Train Passes’, San Francisco
Examiner, 13 August 1965
Paul Avery, ‘Battle Over Train – GI’s Go Through’, San Francisco Chronicle,
13 August 1965
Three clippings from August 1965 from Ralph Gleason Archive, ‘PROTESTS
– Vietnam’ file
For more details on Berkeley Vietnam protests: www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/
pacificaviet.html
For a general history of Vietnam involvement and protest in 1965: www.
historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam/index-1965.html
For the footage of the Berkeley protest on 15 October 1965: www.
lib.berkeley.edu/video/catalog/Vgb7nj_e5BGtzob-WNBn1w/
Ht2fLtEZ5RGysLXEKp5wiA/1435082192
For Country Joe McDonald and ‘Fixin’ to Die Rag’: www.countryjoe.com/
howrag.htm
‘Why We March Against the War in Vietnam’ leaflet contained in Ralph
Gleason Archive, ‘PROTESTS – Vietnam’ file
Michael Stewart Foley, Confronting the War Machine: Draft Resistance During
the Vietnam War (University of North Carolina Press, 2003)
There were also frequent attacks by infuriated citizens on anti-war activists,
see Michael Stewart Foley, ibid., ‘Pacifists’ Progress, 1957–66’ and ‘I Fought
the Law, and the Law Won’, in Chapter 1 – ‘A Little Band of Bold Pioneers’

571
 sources

For difference between the Second World War and Vietnam: Working
Class War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam, op. cit., Chapter 1 –
‘Working-Class War: The Vietnam Generation’s Military Minority – A
Statistical Profile’
For 60 per cent avoidance, 2 per cent of all draftees, graduate schools
‘besieged’ and 4,000 draft boards: Lawrence M. Baskir and William A.
Strauss, Chance and Circumstance: The Draft, the War, and the Vietnam
Generation, Chapter 1 – ‘Vietnam Generation’ (Vintage, 1978)
‘predominantly older, white middle-class men . . .’: ibid.
Jim Osterberg and the draft: Iggy Pop and Anne Wehrer, I Need More (Karz-
Cohl, 1982)
Lou Reed and the draft: Peter Doggett, Lou Reed: The Defining Years, Chapter
4 (Omnibus, 2013)
80 per cent of all those serving in Vietnam came from working-class or poor
backgrounds: Working Class War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam,
op. cit., ‘Introduction’
For black Americans in Vietnam: Working Class War: American Combat
Soldiers and Vietnam, op. cit., Chapter 1 – ‘Working-Class War: The
Vietnam Generation’s Military Minority: A Statistical Profile’; ‘African
Americans in the Vietnam War’, www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/s_z/
stevens/africanamer.htm; and Vietnam war statistics: www.shmoop.com/
vietnam-war/statistics.html
struggle for ‘the right to fight’: Working Class War: American Combat Soldiers
and Vietnam, ibid.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Statement on Vietnam, 6
January 1966: www.crmvet.org/docs/snccviet.htm
Thomas Hauser, Muhammad Ali, Chapter 6 – ‘Ain’t Got No Quarrel’ (Pan, 1997)
For more on Bobby Jameson, who died in May 2015, go to this excellent
obituary by Bryan: nightflight.com/remembering-mondo-hollywoods-bobby-
jameson/. This explains the almost total disappearance of ‘Vietnam’ when it
was originally released on 45: ‘He later found out that the reason he wasn’t
getting much airplay in his hometown of L.A. was that deejays like Reb
Foster thought he was using anti-war demonstrations (like those happening
on the Sunset Strip regularly) to further his career. He was told he was too
“political”.’
Bobby Jameson: for the recording of ‘Vietnam’: bobbyjameson.blogspot.
co.uk/2008/03/part-28-lsd-downers-and-vietnam-new.html; for the draft
story: bobbyjameson.blogspot.co.uk/2008_04_04_archive.html; Jameson and
‘Mondo Hollywood’: bobbyjameson.blogspot.co.uk/2008/03/part-29.html
Robert Cohen, Mondo Hollywood (Customflix DVD, 2006)
The Monitors, The Complete Motown Singles Volume 6: 1966, track-by-track
annotations by Bill Dahl and Keith Hughes (Motown Records, 2006)
Thomas Edward Shaw and Anita Klemke, Black Monk Time (Carsonstreet
Publishing, 1994). For the origin of ‘Monk Time’, see Chapter 23. For ‘try
looking angry . . .’, see Chapter 24. For the GI story – ‘I just got back from
Vietnam you assholes! . . .’ – see Chapter 27.
‘I believe it’s all going . . .’: ‘Six Faces of Youth’, Newsweek, 21 March 1966

572
 sources

Harold Wilson refusing President Johnson’s requests to send UK troops to

Vietnam: Ben Pimlott, Harold Wilson, Chapter 18 – ‘Super-Harold’ (Harper
Collins, 1992)
Ray Coleman, ‘New LPs’, review of Barry Sadler’s ‘The Ballad of the Green
Berets’, Disc and Music Echo, 9 July 1966
‘A terribly sick song . . .’: Melody Maker, 2 April 1966
‘nightmarish carnival’: Robert Novak and Rowland Evans, ‘The Agony
of Berkeley’, San Francisco Examiner, October 1 1965; cited in Michelle
Reeves, ‘“Obey the Rules or Get Out”: Ronald Reagan’s 1966 Gubernatorial
Campaign and the “Trouble in Berkeley”’, Southern California Quarterly,
vol. 92, no. 3 (fall 2010)
‘A Plan for Action’, Ronald Reagan’s Announcement of Candidacy, 4 January
1966

chapter 4
‘I began to turn into myself . . .’: John Cashman, The LSD Story, Chapter 1 –
‘The Third Eye’ (Fawcett Publications, 1966)
For the history of the Dovers and the group members’ quotes: Mike Markesich,
liner notes for the Dovers compilation We’re Not Just Anybody (Misty Lane
Records, 2010)
T. Lobsang Rampa, The Third Eye: The Autobiography of a Tibetan Lama,
Chapter VI – ‘Life in the Lamasery’ and Chapter VII – ‘The Opening of the
Third Eye’ (Secker and Warburg, 1956; Corgi mass market paperback, 1966)
H. P. Blavatsky, ‘Evolution of Root Races in the Fourth Round’, ‘The Secret
Doctrine: The Synthesis of Science, Religion and Philosophy’ (Theosophical
University Press, 1952)
Gary Lachman, Madame Blavatsky: The Mother of Modern Spirituality
(Penguin, 2002)
For Cyril Hoskin and T. Lobsang Rampa: hoaxes.org/archive/permalink/the_
third_eye_of_t._lobsang_rampa
For the ‘Psychedelic Rock’ business card: Paul Drummond, Eye Mind: The
Saga of Roky Erickson and the 13th Floor Elevators, see illustration in
Chapter 4 – ‘Boom (Evolutionary Not Revolutionary)’ (Process, 2007)
‘Acid can be a beautiful reaction . . .’: quoted in Richard Alpert, Sidney Cohen
and Lawrence Schiller, LSD (New American Library, June 1966)
George Andrews quoted in Andy Roberts, Albion Dreaming: A Popular History
of LSD in Britain (Marshall Cavendish, 2008)
‘Q: What is your concept . . .’: Bob Feigel: ‘“Real” Teen Revolt – Byrds’, KRLA
Beat, 27 November 1965
For info on the Gamblers’ ‘LSD-25’: diddywah.blogspot.co.uk/2009/12/lets-go-
surfing.html
For Dylan and LSD: Albion Dreaming: A Popular History of LSD in Britain,
op. cit.
John Lennon and George Harrison on LSD: ‘The Dental Experience’ and
‘LSD’, in The Beatles, Anthology (Cassell, 2000)
Dr John Riley was first mentioned by name in Steve Turner’s The Fab Four:
The Gospel According to the Beatles (WJK Press, 2006)

573
 sources

Paul Jay Robbins: quoted in Christopher Hjort, So You Want to Be a

Rock’n’Roll Star: The Byrds Day by Day 1965–1973, entry for 23 April 1965,
‘1965’ (Outline Press, 2008)
For the beginnings of LSD’s spread and its connections to the US military, see
Jay Stevens, Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream (Heinemann,
1988) and Martin A. Lee and Bruce Schlain, Acid Dreams: The CIA, LSD
and the Sixties Rebellion (Grove Press, 1985)
Juergen Suess, Gerold Dommermuth and Hans Maier, Beat in Liverpool
(Europäische Verlagsanstalt, 1966)
Michael Hollingshead, The Man Who Turned on the World, Chapter 6 –
‘London on My Mind’ (Blond Briggs, 1973)
Barry Miles: author interview, October 2013
Barry Miles, ‘101 Cromwell Road’, in In the Sixties (Jonathan Cape, 2002)
Timothy Leary, Ralph Metzner and Richard Alpert, The Psychedelic
Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead (University
Books, 1964)
‘He envisions a society in . . .’: Stephen Bello, ‘Timothy Leary: Silhouette’,
Harvard Crimson, 13 October 1965
Timothy Leary, The Politics of Ecstasy (Paladin, 1970)
The first Acid Test: ‘The Acid Test Chronicles’ at www.postertrip.com/
public/5572.cfm. For an index of all subsequent Acid Tests: www.postertrip.
com/public/department37.cfm
Barry Miles on Indica stock: interview and email communication with author,
October 2013
Titbits review of Spontaneous Underground: www.pinkfloydsound.it/1966.htm
For early Acid Tests and Rubber Soul as ‘the soundtrack of Haight-Ashbury’,
see Charles A. Perry, The Haight­Ashbury: A History, Chapter 2 – ‘The First
Flash’ (Vintage Books, 1985)
Glenn Povey, ‘Echoes: The Complete History of Pink Floyd (Omnibus Press,
2007)
Pink Floyd concerts in 1966: www.brain-damage.co.uk/concert-dates/1966-
tour-dates-concerts.html
For details of Los Angeles clubs: Dominic Priore, ‘That’s the Hollywood
Nightlife’, in Riot on Sunset Strip: Rock’n’Roll’s Last Stand in Hollywood
(Outline Press, 2007)
Tom Wolfe, The Electric Kool­Aid Acid Test (Bantam, 1969)
For more on individual Acid Tests, in particular the 12 February 1966 Watts
Acid Test, go to Postertrip: www.postertrip.com/public/5580.cfm
UK exposés: Albion Dreaming: A Popular History of LSD in Britain, op. cit.
‘The colourless, odorless, tasteless substance called LSD . . .’: ‘LSD: The Explod-
ing Threat of the Mind Drug that Got Out of Control’, Life, 25 March 1966
Johnny Rogan, The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited (Rogan House, 1997)
Tony Hall, ‘You Can Even Dig Indian Music!’ Record Mirror, 22 January 1966
Byrds reviews and interviews in So You Want to Be a Rock’n’Roll Star, op. cit.,
entries from 23 February, 14 March and 28 March, in ‘1966’ chapter
Transcript of the Byrds’ March 1966 conference in sleeve notes to the Byrds’
Another Dimension (Sundazed Records, 2005)

574
 sources

For the early 1966 layoff, see John Lennon’s comments in ‘The Lennon
Interview’ with Chris Hutchins, NME, 11 March 1966: ‘It’s an accident that
we’re not working now; we should have had just two weeks holiday after
Christmas and then started on the next film, but it isn’t ready and won’t be
for months’
All four March 1966 interviews that Maureen Cleave did with the Beatles
are online at www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Writer/maureen-cleave.
John Lennon’s was printed on 4 March, Ringo Starr’s on the 11th, George
Harrison’s on the 18th and Paul McCartney’s on the 25th
The Disc and Music Echo ‘Sound of the Stars’ 45 can be found at: www.
youtube.com/watch?v=KaF4quazrZw
The full audio of the Tom Lodge interview can be found online, if you must
Robert Whitaker: author interview, April 2011
The Psychedelic Experience, op. cit., ‘General Introduction’
‘The hedonistic cults . . .’: Sidney Cohen, answer to ‘Q: What Is Your Estimate
of the Future of Psychedelics?’, in LSD, op. cit.
‘particularly attractive to students . . .’: Alan Bestic, Turn Me on Man, Chapter
8 (Tandem paperback, 1966)
Anne Gillie, The Chemistry and Sociology of LSD (Naturalism Inc., April 1966)
John Hopkins: author interview, May 2012
Barry Miles on Christopher Gibbs’s party: ‘THE Global moon-edition Long
Hair TIMES’, in In the Sixties, op. cit.
Michael Hollingshead on WPC bust: The Man Who Turned on the World, op.
cit., Chapter 7 – ‘The New Heresy’
Timothy Leary arrest: ‘DRUGS: On and Off’, Time, 2 May 1966
Bernard Weintraub, ‘LSD: A Fascinating Drug and a Growing Problem’, New
York Times, 22 April 1966
Michael Cooper, Blinds and Shutters (Genesis Publications, 1990)
Marianne Faithfull and David Dalton, Faithfull: An Autobiography (Little
Brown, 1994)
For the groups playing at Tara Browne’s party, go to entry for 23 April 1966
at thebritishsound.blogspot.co.uk/2011/07/peter-bs-shotgun-express-family-
tree.html
For the Gavin Report and Derek Taylor’s response: So You Want to Be a
Rock’n’Roll Star, op. cit., entries for 29 April 1966 and 9 May 1966 in ‘1966’
chapter
For a detailed discussion of ‘Eight Miles High’ and the Gavin Report: Mark
Teehan, ‘The Byrds, “Eight Miles High”’, the Gavin Report, and Media
Censorship of Alleged “Drug Songs” in 1966: An Assessment’, Popular
Musicology Online: www.popular-musicology-online.com/issues/04/teehan.html
Mr Jones, ‘The Future of Psychedelics’, Daily Californian, 19 May 1966
Norman Jopling and Peter Jones, ‘New Singles Reviewed . . .’, Record Mirror,
14 May 1966
Tony Hall, ‘The Tony Hall Column’, Record Mirror, 14 May 1966
‘BEATLES: WHAT A CARVE-UP!’ Disc and Music Echo, 11 June 1966
For details of the Donovan bust: Simon Wells, Butterfly on a Wheel: The Great
Rolling Stones Drug Bust Chapter 3 – ‘Chelsea’ (Omnibus, 2011)

575
 sources

A Boy Called Donovan has not been reissued. It was viewable for a while
online but has now disappeared
Time, ‘The States: The Law and LSD’, 10 June 1966
Background Reading
Aldous Huxley, The Doors of Perception and Heaven and Hell (Penguin, 1959)
Sybille Bedford, Aldous Huxley: A Biography. Volume 2 1939–1963 (Chatto and
Windus, 1974)
Rex Boyland and Rex Lode, The Third Eye of America (Lyle Stuart, 1963)
Albert Hoffman, LSD: My Problem Child (McGraw Hill, 1980)
John Pollard, Leonard Uhr and Elizabeth Stern, Drugs and Phantasy (Little
Brown and Company, 1965)
R. E. L. Masters and Jean Houston, The Varieties of Psychedelic Experience
(Anthony Blond, 1966)
David Solomon (Ed.), LSD: The Consciousness­Expanding Drug (Putnam,
1964). The articles by Alan Harrington, Dan Wakefield and Aldous Huxley
were first published in the November 1963 issue of Playboy
Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (Macmillan and Co., 1957)
Constance A. Newland, My Self and I (Coward McCann, 1962)
Robert S. de Ropp, Drugs and the Mind (Grove Press, 1961)
Stewart Home, Tainted Love (Virgin, 2005)
Nicholas Murray, Aldous Huxley: An English Intellectual (Abacus, 2002)

chapter 5
‘A revolution is on the way . . .’: Sue Tate, Pauline Boty: Pop Artist and
Woman, Chapter 4 – ‘Pop Artist and Woman’ (Wolverhampton Art Gallery,
2013)
‘Walkin’ My Cat Named Dog’ release details from 45 cat: www.45cat.com
Radio Caroline chart for 23 April 1966 from: radiolondon.co.uk/caroline/
stonewashed/carolinecharts/034%20April%2023%201966.htm
The clip of ‘Walkin’ My Cat Named Dog’ can be found on YouTube: www.
youtube.com/watch?v=SPZVrmJ2HH8
Author interview with Norma Tanega, March 2014
‘I never thought I’d see the day’: ‘Your Page’, Record Mirror, 14 May 1966
‘Norma Wants Music for Herself and Dog’, KRLA Beat, 16 April 1966
Peter Jones, ‘Norma Just Wants to Hide and Paint’, Record Mirror, 9 July
1966
‘Charm in the Charts’, in Paul Denver (Ed.), Radio Caroline Annual (World
Distributors, 1965)
‘The freedom to lead . . .’: Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique, Chapter 14
– ‘A New Life Plan for Women’ (Penguin Classics Edition, 2010)
Richard Mabey, The Pop Process, Chapter 2 – ‘Survey’ (Hutchinson
Educational, 1969)
Susan Brownmiller, In Our Time: Memoir of a Revolution, Prologue (Delta
paperbacks, 1999)
The March 1966 BBC programme Six Sides of a Square can be viewed at:
www.bbc.co.uk/archive/70sfeminism/10401.shtml
Nell Dunn, Talking to Women, Preface (Pan Books, 1966)

576
 sources

Frances Chadwicke: ibid.

The Feminine Mystique, op. cit., Preface
Young wives: quoted in The Feminine Mystique, Chapter 1 – ‘The Problem
That Has No Name’
For Friedan’s history of feminism: ibid., Chapter 4 – ‘The Passionate Journey’
For the 1950s counter-revolution: ibid., Chapter 8 – ‘The Mistaken Choice’
Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, translated by Constance Borde and
Sheila Malovany-Chevallier (Vintage Books, 2011)
Sheila Rowbotham, Promise of a Dream: Remembering the Sixties, Chapter 1 –
‘1960–61’ (Verso, 2001)
Jenny Diski, The Sixties, Chapter 1 – ‘Consuming the Sixties’ (Profile Books,
2009)
Lynne Reid Banks, The L­Shaped Room (Vintage Classics, 2004)
For the impact of The L­Shaped Room and A Taste of Honey, see The Sixties,
op. cit., Chapter 3 – ‘Body Work’
‘without a compass between the dreaded Scylla . . .’: Promise of a Dream, op.
cit., Chapter 2 – ‘1961–4’
Helen Gurley Brown, Sex and the Single Girl: The Unmarried Woman’s Guide
to Men (Pocket Books, 1963)
Gloria Steinem, ‘I Was a Playboy Bunny’, in Outrageous Acts and Everyday
Rebellions (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1983)
For major feminist events in the US during the 1960s, including publications
and legislation: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_feminism_in_the_
United_States#1960s
For a timeline of UK feminism: www.mmu.ac.uk/equality-and-diversity/doc/
gender-equality-timeline.pdf
Margaret Mead and Frances Bagley Kaplan (Eds), American Women (Charles
Scribner’s Sons, 1965)
Casey Hayden and Mary King, ‘Sex and Caste: A Kind of Memo’. This can be
read in full at www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/memo.html
Mary King, Freedom Song: A Personal History of the 1960s Civil Rights
Movement, Chapter 12 – ‘Manifesto’ (William Morrow and Company, 1987)
‘The real dynamo . . .’: The Teenage Revolution, op. cit., Chapter 10 – ‘Where
Have All the Young Men Gone? When There Are More of Them Than
There Are Girls’
Jenny Diski, The Sixties, op. cit., ‘Introduction’
Promise of a Dream, op. cit., Chapter 3 – ‘1964–6’
‘It was agony, as though . . .’: ‘I’d Marry Anyone to Spite My Parents’, in
Generation X, op. cit.
‘the present generation is going . . .’: ibid., ‘You Can’t Enjoy Yourself in Church’
‘a fifteen-year-old girl . . .’: The Teenage Revolution, op. cit., Chapter 1 –
‘Fission’
‘Cathy was the face of the 1960s . . .’: Vicki Wickham, email correspondence
with author, May 2015
Barbara Hulanicki on Cathy McGowan: From A to BIBA: The Autobiography
of Barbara Hulanicki, Chapter 5 (V&A Publishing, 2007); subsequent quotes
re. ‘heavy boned’ and ‘postwar babies’ from same chapter

577
 sources

Michael Schofield, The Sexual Behaviour of Young People (Prentice Hall Press,
1965)
The Teenage Revolution, op. cit., Chapter 7 – ‘Things That Worry Grown-Ups:
Politics, Religion, Morality, Sex’
‘There’s a Feeling in the Air That Something Is Going to Happen’, in
Generation X, op. cit.
Richard Mabey on transvestism: The Pop Process, op. cit., Chapter 4 –
‘Sources of Fashion: The Audience’
‘from a gross inequality of sexes . . .’: The Teenage Revolution, op. cit., Chapter
7 – ‘Things That Worry Grown-Ups: Politics, Religion, Morality, Sex’
‘This Is Your Life: Leaving Home?’ Rave, May 1966
Nova details and Mary Grieve quotes: Janice Winship, Inside Women’s
Magazines (Rivers Oram Press, 1987)
Mary Grieve (Ed.), Fifteen (Collins, 1966)
‘Can You Be a Star and Human Too?’, Boyfriend Book 1966 (Pictorial Press,
1966)
‘Our own personal top girls . . .’: ‘Pick of the Popsies: Our Star Choices for
1966’, ibid.
For a general résumé of the girl groups: Charlotte Greig, Will You Still Love
Me Tomorrow? (Virago Press, 1989)
Faithfull, op. cit., Chapter 2 – ‘As Tears Go By’
Richard Goldstein, ‘The Soul Sound from Sheepshead Bay’, in Goldstein’s
Greatest Hits (Prentice-Hall, 1970). For more, see Richard Goldstein,
Another Little Piece of My Heart: My Life of Rock and Revolution in the
’60s (Bloomsbury, 2015). Also go to www.richardgoldsteinonline.com.
Mary Wilson, Dreamgirl: My Life as a Supreme (Sidgwick and Jackson, 1987).
Chaperones and Artist Development dept, Chapter 14; the Beatles story is
from Chapter 16
‘The Supremes: From Real Rags to Real Riches’, Look, 3 May 1966
Dusty Springfield, author interview, March 1989; published in the Observer, 4
April 1989
Penny Valentine and Vicki Wickham, Dancing with Demons: The Authorised
Biography of Dusty Springfield (Hodder Paperbacks, 2001)
For quotes from contemporary magazines, including the Woman’s Own series,
these were reprinted in Paul Howes, The Dusty Springfield Bulletin, issues
7–37, May 1989 on. For more info: www.cpinternet.com/~mbayly/dsb.htm and
also Paul Howes, The Complete Dusty Springfield (Reynolds and Hearn, 2009)
For more on Dusty Springfield: Lucy O’Brien, Dusty (Sidgwick and Jackson,
1989); Annie J. Randall, Dusty: Queen of the Postmods (Oxford University
Press, 2009); Penny Valentine, Dusty Springfield interview, Disc and Music
Echo, 30 April 1966
Sue Watling and David Alan Mellor, Pauline Boty: The Only Blonde in the
World (AM Publications, 1988)
For illustrations of the pictures mentioned and Boty’s biography: Pauline Boty:
Pop Artist and Woman, op. cit.
‘Pop Goes the Easel’ (BBC Monitor 1962) can be viewed on YouTube: www.
youtube.com/watch?v=3tbVTEW7wS8

578
 sources

Nell Dunn, ‘Pauline Boty’, in Talking to Women, op. cit.

Twiggy Lawson, ‘Twiggy: In Black and White’ (Simon and Schuster, 1997)
Twiggy: A Life in Photographs (National Portrait Gallery Publications, 2009)

chapter 6
For general Velvet Underground background material: Johan Kugelberg, The
Velvet Underground – New York Art (Rizzoli, 2009); Richie Unterberger,
White Light/White Heat: The Velvet Underground Day to Day (Jawbone,
2009); Victor Bockris and Gerard Malanga, Up­Tight: The Velvet
Underground Story (Omnibus Press, 1983); this excellent site has full details
of concerts, reviews and photographs from 1966: olivier.landemaine.free.fr/
vu/live/1965-66/perf6566.html
For more general Warhol material: Stephen Shore and Lynne Tillman, The Velvet
Years: Warhol’s Factory 1965–1967 (Pavilion, 1995); Wayne Koestenbaum,
Andy Warhol: A Penguin Life (Lipper/Viking, 2001); Steven Watson, Factory
Made: Warhol and the Sixties (Pantheon, 2003); Nat Finkelstein and David
Dalton, Edie Factory Girl (VH1 Press, 2006); Tony Scherman and David
Dalton, POP: The Genius of Andy Warhol (Harper Collins, 2009)
Much of the material quoted in this chapter comes from the Time Capsules
contained in the Collection of the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh.
Where relevant and possible, the Time Capsule in which the clipping is
located is mentioned at the end of the source, i.e. TC 14, TC 5, etc.
‘A Pop person is like a vacuum . . .’: John L. Wasserman, ‘Conjurer’s Dream
from Pop World,’ San Francisco Chronicle, 23 May 1966 (TC 14)
‘Let Yourself a Go Go!: POP into Channel 7’s “Pop Art Theater”’, press release
from Phyllis Doherty, WNAC-TV, 2 June 1966 (TC 14)
Ralph J. Gleason, ‘On the Town: The Sizzle that Fizzled’, San Francisco
Chronicle, 30 May 1966 (TC 14)
Joan Chatfield Taylor, ‘The Lion’s Sheep’, San Francisco Chronicle, 30 May
1966 (TC 14)
‘Wild New Flashy Bedlam of the Discotheque’, Life, 27 May 1966, p. 72ff.
Nico and Warhol interview: John L. Wasserman, ‘Conjurer’s Dream from Pop
World’, op. cit.
The brief clip of Nico hosting the ‘Pop Art Theater’ can be seen at www.
youtube.com/watch?v=r_FUijtJwr4
‘Pop Art–Las Vegas Gambol . . .’ and ‘the Peter Pan of the current art scene’:
‘Let Yourself a Go Go!: POP into Channel 7’s “Pop Art Theater”’, op. cit.
Bob Reilly, unpublished interview with Andy Warhol, spring 1966 (TC 14)
‘TV reporter: Andy . . .’: Jim Paltridge, ‘Andy Out West’, The Daily
Californian Weekly Magazine, vol. 3, no. 2, 10 October 1967 (TC 11).
Paltridge was the Arts & Entertainment Editor for the student newspaper
The Daily Californian, and Warhol thought that this ‘was one of the best
articles about him that he had ever read’. For more on Paltridge, see notes
to ‘Andy Out West’, in I’ll Be Your Mirror: The Selected Andy Warhol
Interviews, Kenneth Goldsmith (Ed.) (Carroll and Graf, 2004)
Claude Hall, ‘High-Riding MGM Sets Up Pop Artist Project Helmed by
Wilson’, Billboard, 21 May 1966

579
 sources

A copy of the MGM Records/Velvet Underground and Nico contract, dated 2

May 1966, is held in Time Capsule 11
The Nico/mirror story is contained in POP: The Genius of Andy Warhol, op.
cit., Chapter 7 – ‘1966’
For more about the Norman Dolph acetate, see David Fricke, sleeve note for
The Velvet Underground & Nico (45th Anniversary Super Deluxe Edition)
(UMC/Polydor, 2012)
John Wilcock, ‘A “High” School of Music and Art’, The East Village Other, 15
April–1 May 1966
John Richmond, ‘In View: Towards a Definition of Soft’, Saturday Night, July
1966 (TC 14)
Gretchen Berg, ‘Andy Warhol: My True Story’, The East Village Other, 1
November 1966
Jean Clay, ‘Andy’s Warhorse’, Realities, December 1967
‘Pop is trying to give people instant . . .’: Richard Goldstein, ‘Before or Beyond
the Slick?,’ New York, no. 16, February 1967 (TC 11)
Jim Paltridge, ‘Way Out West’, op. cit.
‘Three boxes in particular covered the year . . .’: these are numbered as Time
Capsules 11, 14, and 47
Warhol quotes re. Pop, end of painting and Philadelphia show: Andy Warhol
and Pat Hackett, Popism: The Warhol Sixties (Harper Collins, 1983)
Gloria Steinem, ‘The Ins and Outs of Pop Culture’, Life, 20 August 1965
A 1963 calendar with pictures of Cliff, Elvis, etc. is contained in TC 14;
Mannlich etc. are in TC 47
John Cale with Victor Bockris, What’s Welsh for Zen? (Bloomsbury Publishing,
1998)
The full clip of The Making of an Underground Film from CBS Evening News
with Walter Cronkite, broadcast on 31 December 1965, can be seen at www.
youtube.com/watch?v=DS7knWefSiQ
For more on the Piero Heliczer/Cronkite footage, including several photos and
Sterling Morrison, ‘Going Back in Time to Piero Heliczer’, in The Velvet
Underground – New York Art, op. cit.
Victor Bockris and Gerard Malanga, Up­Tight: The Velvet Underground Story,
Chapter 1 – ‘Making Andy Warhol Uptight’ (Omnibus Press, 1983)
Lou Reed, ‘The View from the Bandstand’, op. cit.
Jean Stein, Edie (Jonathan Cape, 1982)
The Leather Man catalogue, undated (TC 47)
The 3 January rehearsal can be heard, in part, on the fourth disc of The Velvet
Underground & Nico (45th Anniversary Super Deluxe Edition)
For a definitive account of the Screen Tests, see Callie Angell, Andy Warhol
Screen Tests: The Films of Andy Warhol Catalogue Raisonné, Introduction,
Chapter 2 – ‘Screen Tests A–Z’ and Chapter 5 – ‘Background Reels: EPI
Background, Screen Test Poems, and Others’ (Harry N. Abrams, 2006)
Seymour Krim, ‘Andy Warhol’s “Velvet Underground”: Shock Treatment for
Psychiatrists’, New York Herald Tribune, 14 January 1966; Grace Glueck,
‘Syndromes Pop at Delmonico’s’, New York Times, 14 January 1966. Both
are reproduced in The Velvet Underground – New York Art, op. cit.

580
 sources

Archer Winsten, ‘Andy Warhol at Cinematheque’, New York Post, 9 February

1966 (TC 49)
John Wilcock, ‘On the Road with the Exploding Plastic Inevitable’, in
The Autobiography and Sex Life of Andy Warhol (Other Scenes, 1971);
reproduced in The Velvet Underground – New York Art, op. cit.
Morrison ‘invisibility’ quote and Ingrid Superstar quote about ‘immature
punks’: Up­Tight, op. cit., Chapter 4 – ‘On the Road with “Andy Warhol:
Up-Tight”’
The interview between Ignacio Juliá and Sterling Morrison is contained in Albin
Zak III, The Velvet Underground Companion: Four Decades of Commentary,
Part 4 – ‘The Velvet Warriors’ (Schirmer Books, 1997) and in Ignacio Juliá
(Ed.), Feed­back: The Velvet Underground: Legend, Truth (Ignacio Juliá, 2011)
The advert for the Dom is contained in Village Voice, 17 March 1966;
reproduced in The Velvet Underground – New York Art, op. cit.
Bruce Pollock, ‘Lou Reed Does Not Want Anyone to Know How He Writes
His Songs’, Modern Hi­Fi and Music, 1975. The article is available on
Rocksbackpages at www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/lou-reed-does-
not-want-anyone-to-know-how-he-writes-his-songs
John Wilcock, ‘A “High” School of Music and Art’, op. cit.
The Jonas Mekas review of the Dom is contained in the Village Voice, 26 May
1966
‘The Story of POP: What It Is and How It Came to Be’, Newsweek, 25 April
1966 (TC 30)
There was a half-page ad for the Trip residency in KRLA Beat, 14 May 1966
The article about the Trip is contained in KRLA Beat, 26 May 1966;
reproduced in The Velvet Underground – New York Art, op. cit.
For more details about the Trip residency, see Andy Warhol’s Screen Tests: The
Films of Andy Warhol Catalogue Raisonné, Note 365, op. cit.
‘Strip’s Trip Hit by 3G Pay Claim as Club Shutters’, Variety, 17 May 1966;
reproduced in The Velvet Underground – New York Art, op. cit.
For more on Lisa Law, see Flashing on the Sixties (Chronicle Books, 2007).
Severn Darden was pictured in Joan Chatfield Taylor’s ‘The Lion’s Sheep’,
op. cit. For more, see www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaries-
severn-darden-1584744.html
Dominic Priore, ‘There’s Battle Lines Being Drawn’, in Riot on Sunset Strip,
op. cit.
Merla Zellerbach, ‘My Fair City: Andy Warhol, Son of Hip’, San Francisco
Chronicle, 27 May 1966
Mary Woronov, Swimming Underground: My Years in the Warhol Factory
(Journey Editions, 1995). The ‘amphetamine and acid’ quote is reproduced
in Martin Torgoff, Can’t Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned
Age, 1945–2000 (James Bennett Pty Ltd, 2004)
‘TV reporter: Andy . . .’: Jim Paltridge, ‘Andy Out West’, op. cit.
‘The Story of POP’, Newsweek, op. cit.
Bob Reilly, unpublished interview, op. cit.
Elenore Lester, ‘So He Stopped Painting Brillo Boxes and Bought a Movie
Camera’, New York Times, 11 December 1966

581
 sources

For Danny Williams, see Esther Robinson, A Walk into the Sea: Danny
Williams and the Warhol Factory (Arthouse, 2011)
Warhol cover is on the ‘Today’s Teenagers’ issue, Time, 29 January 1965
Frances Folin, Embodied Visions: Bridget Riley, Op Art and the Sixties
(Thames and Hudson, 2004)
‘Posters by Painters’, 22 June–2 August 1965, American Greetings Gallery (TC 5)
‘Children’s Village’, Newsweek, 23 May 1966 (TC 14)
Ross Wetzsteon, ‘Violence/Non-Violence: The Evil in Each’, Village Voice, 14
April 1966 (TC 47)
‘Trials: Addenda to De Sade’, Time, 6 May 1966 (TC 14)
Schmid case: ‘Arizona: Growing Up in Tucson’, Time, 11 March 1966, and
Robert Moser, ‘He Cruised in a Golden Car, Looking for the Action’, Life, 4
March 1966
A copy of the Their Town script is contained in Time Capsule 11
‘attention was nailed . . .’: www.warholstars.org/ronald_tavel.html
For Batman, see ‘Pow’ cover of TV Guide, 26 March–1 April 1966. The writers
of Batman eventually paid homage to Warhol in the 22 March 1967 episode
‘Pop Goes the Joker’
Gloria Steinem, ‘The Ins and Outs of Pop Culture’, op. cit.
‘Letters to the Editor’, Village Voice, 14 April 1966 (TC 47)
‘Selective Panel Casts in Cold Blood’, Town & Country, May 1966 (TC 14)
‘Who Is a Hero? And Why?’ Mademoiselle, July 1966 (TC 14)
Archer Winsten, ‘Andy Warhol at Cinematheque’, op. cit.
Alan Rinzler (Ed.), Andy Warhol’s Index (Random House, 1967). The book also
contains an uncredited interview, entitled ‘Yes and No’, in which Warhol
proves himself a master of null:
‘Do you think Pop art is . . .’
‘No.’
‘What?’
‘No.’
‘Do you think Pop art is . . .’
‘No . . . No I don’t.’
This interview was in fact by Joseph Freeman, and was published in Bay
Times, Sheepshead High School, Brooklyn, 1 April 1966
The handwritten Nico letter is contained in Time Capsule 11
For more on the shooting and projection of Chelsea Girls: www.warholstars.
org/chelsea_girls.html
Andy Warhol, ‘CHELSEA GIRL Instructions for Split-Screen Projection’,
typed sheet (TC 11)
Michaela Williams, ‘Warhol’s Brutal Assemblage | Non-Stop Horror Show’,
Chicago Daily News, 22 June 1966
Susan Nelson, ‘Pop Revue – Way Out? Very In?’ Chicago Tribune, 24 June
1966 (TC 47)
For details of Danny Williams, Warhol and 1966, see POP: The Genius of Andy
Warhol, op. cit., Chapter 7 – ‘1966’
John Cale quotes re. Paul Morrissey and Danny Williams fighting and

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re. amphetamine in the strobe light: Robert Greenfield, ‘Shards of Velvet

Afloat in London’, Rolling Stone, 18 February 1971
‘Warhol’s “Exploding Show” Stirs Psychosis in Chi’s Offbeat Poor Richard’s’,
Variety, 29 June 1966
Ronald Nameth’s Andy Warhol’s Exploding Plastic Inevitable can be seen at
vimeo.com/14888508. For more detail: www.n3krozoft.com/_xxbcf67373.
TMP/tv/ronald_nameth.html
The sleeve to ‘All Tomorrow’s Parties’ is pictured on page 132 of The Velvet
Underground – New York Art, op. cit.
‘a very apt description . . .’ and ‘I kept notes . . .’: David Fricke, essay for Peel
Slowly and See, Velvet Undeground box set (Polydor, 1995)
For details of Velvet Underground and Nico and Mothers of Invention singles
releases: www.45cat.com
For Verve US discography: www.globaldogproductions.info
Marshall McLuhan, The Medium Is the Massage (Penguin Books, 1967)

chapter 7
General background information: for an excellent overview of dance in
America, see Ralph G. Giordano, Social Dancing in America: A History
and Reference, Volume 2: Lindy Hop to Hip Hop, 1901–2000 (Greenwood
Press, 2007); Marshall and Jean Sterns, Jazz Dance: The Story of American
Vernacular Dance (Schirmer, 1968); Michael Haralambos, Right On: From
Blues to Soul in Black America (Causeway Press, 1994); Steven Kasher, The
Civil Rights Movement: A Photographic History, 1954–68 (Abbeville Press,
1996); also the fourteen episodes of Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights
Years 1945–1965 (PBS, 1987). Transcripts of each show are also available
online at www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eyesontheprize/about/pt.html
‘To enjoy the latest new thing . . .’: ‘Wild New Flashy Bedlam of the
Discotheque’, Life, 27 May 1966
Peter Guralnick, Sweet Soul Music, Chapter 6 – ‘Fame and Muscle Shoals’
(Virgin, 1986)
For the history of Stax, the June 1965 Billboard feature and the Wexler quote:
Rob Bowman, Soulsville U.S.A.: The Story of Stax Records, Chapter 3 –
‘You Don’t Miss Your Water: 1961–1963’, Chapter 4 – Respect: 1964–65’,
Chapter 5 – ‘Don’t Have to Shop Around: 1965’ (Schirmer Books, 1997)
‘people picking cotton . . .’: Sweet Soul Music, op. cit., Chapter 6
The Wilson Pickett/Spooner Oldham photo can be found at www.gettyimages.
co.uk/detail/news-photo/singer-wilson-pickett-and-keyboardist-spooner-
oldham-at-news-photo/159577348
For an excellent history of ‘Land of 1000 Dances’, from Chris Kenner through
Cannibal and the Headhunters to Wilson Pickett: www.tsimon.com/land.
htm. See also Rob Finnis’s sleeve notes for Various: Land of 1000 Dances
– The Ultimate Compilation of Hit Dances 1958–1965 (Ace Records, 1999)
and his sleeve notes for Various: Land of 1000 Dances – The Ultimate
Compilation of Hit Dances 1956–1966 Volume 2 (Ace Records, 2002); and
Tony Rounce’s sleeve notes for Various: Land of 1000 Dances – Special Soul
& Funk Edition (Ace Records, 2004)

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Naomi Elizabeth Bragin, email correspondence with author, March 2014

Moncell ‘ill kozby’ Durden, email correspondence with author, March 2014
For the Ertegun and Wexler quotes: Gerri Hershey, Sweet Soul Music, Chapter
7 – ‘Broadway Fricassee’ (Southbank Publishing, 2006)
‘The dance floor was swaying . . .’: Robert Alden, ‘1,000 Twisters and One
Floor Swing at Venerable Palladium’, New York Times, 4 June 1964
For the Twist and all that followed: Jim Dawson, The Story of the Song and
Dance That Changed the World (Faber and Faber, 1995)
The Hullabaloo Discotheque Dance Book (Scholastic Book Services, 1966)
For the post-Twist dances: Social Dancing in America, op. cit., Chapter 5 –
‘The Twist, Doing Your Own Thing, and A Go-Go: 1960–69’
For the Hollywood clubs and the new generation of pop shows: Riot on Sunset
Strip, op. cit.
‘It was an instant success, a venue whose time had come’: within weeks of the
Whisky a Go Go opening, Johnny Rivers recorded his set at the club. Live
at the Whisky a Go Go became one of the most popular albums of the year
and set the standard for discotheque-style recordings. The ‘live’ audience
sound would soon be found all over new dance records, including the east
LA versions of ‘Land of 1000 Dances’ by Cannibal and the Headhunters
and Thee Midnighters, as well as a wide variety of albums: Lloyd Thaxton
Presents the Land of 1000 Dances, Sandy Nelson’s Drum Discotheque
and Killer Joe’s International Discotheque, which featured veteran dance
instructor Killer Joe Piro.
For the suspension of the Billboard Rhythm and Blues charts in November
1963: Suzanne E. Smith, Dancing in the Street: Motown and the Cultural
Politics of Detroit, Chapter 2 – ‘Money (That’s What I Want): Black
Capitalism and Black Freedom in Detroit’ (Harvard University Press,
1999)
More on the Jerk: the Jerk was an extremely popular dance and was well
represented on record during the second half of 1964. Jerk songs were
recorded by the Contours, the Gypsies, Jackie Ross, the Miracles (‘Come on
Do the Jerk’) and many others, but it was the Larks’ ‘The Jerk’ that went
into the Top 10 at the end of 1964, in a chart still dominated by the Beatles
and British invaders the Searchers and the Zombies. Veteran doo-wopper
Don Julian wrote the song after watching kids dance to Martha and the
Vandellas’ ‘Dancing in the Street’
For chart details, go to old-charts.com, US charts 1964 and 1965
T.A.M.I. Show (Shout DVD, 2009)
The Supremes’ Ed Sullivan performance of ‘Come See about Me’ can be seen
at www.youtube.com/watch?v=vW0FzANIAyk
For more Supremes videos, see Reflections: The Definitive Performances 1964–
1969 (UMG, 2006)
Suzanne E. Smith, Dancing in the Street, op. cit., Chapter 3 – ‘Come See about
Me: Black Cultural Production in Detroit’
Motown as leading seller of singles in 1965: Brian Ward, ‘Just My Soul
Responding’, in Kingsley Abbott (Ed.), Callin’ Out Around the World: A
Motown Reader (Helter Skelter, 2001)

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For the Gordy concept of Motown as the auto-production line: Dancing in the
Street, op. cit., Introduction – ‘Can’t Forget the Motor City’
Bill Dahl, ‘Junior Walker: Motown’s Screaming Sax Star’, in Callin’ Out
Around the World, op. cit.
‘the ideal accompaniment for driving’: David Morse, Motown and the Arrival
of Black Music (Macmillan, 1971), quoted in Dancing in the Street, op. cit.,
Chapter 3 – ‘Come See about Me: Black Cultural Production in Detroit’
More thoughts on the use of the word ‘soul’ in the pop and R&B contexts: it
had been building for a long time, with Ray Charles’s 1959 ‘I Believe to My
Soul’ and King Curtis’s 1962 ‘Soul Twist’ and follow-up ‘Soul Serenade’.
During 1964, the term began to take on a life of its own. In March, Berry
Gordy launched a subsidiary label called Soul for the earthier, more R&B
productions from his assembly line: singles by Jimmy Ruffin, Shorty Long,
Earl van Dyke and Junior Walker, including ‘Shotgun’, the label’s first big
hit. Solomon Burke recorded ‘Rockin’ Soul’ and ‘More Rockin’ Soul’. The
pace quickened into 1965. In March, the Impressions released the #29 hit
‘Woman’s Got Soul’. Dave Godin thought that the term came ‘about ’62/’63,
and Billboard were responsible for it. The term “R&B” came to be used
because records used to be listed in the Race Chart, i.e. black records selling
to black people, and Billboard didn’t like the racist connotations of that.
But by the time the sixties came along, rhythm and blues, which was meant
to be a liberating term, had in fact taken on a racist flavour. For a record to
be classified as R&B ghettoised it, as in, “This radio station does not play
rhythm and blues.” So Billboard decided to adopt the term “soul”’ (author
interview, February 1995)
Sweet Soul Music, op. cit., Chapter 7 – ‘Papa’s Got a Brand New Bag’
Alan Leeds, sleeve notes for James Brown, The Singles Volume Three 1964–
1965 (Polydor, 2007)
Alan Leeds, sleeve notes for James Brown, The Singles Volume Four 1966–1967
(Polydor, 2007)
James Brown and Bruce Tucker, James Brown: The Godfather of Soul
(Sidgwick and Jackson, 1987)
R. J. Smith, The One: The Life and Music of James Brown (Gotham Books,
2012)
Robert Gordon, Respect Yourself: Stax Records and the Soul Explosion
(Bloomsbury, 2013)
For Stax falling behind Motown, Atlantic, etc., Otis Redding and the hiring of
Al Bell: Soulsville U.S.A., op. cit., Chapter 5 – ‘Don’t Have to Shop Around
1965’
Rob Bowman, sleeve notes for Otis Redding: Otis Blue Collector’s Edition
(Rhino, 2008)
Ashley Kahn, sleeve notes for Otis Redding and His Orchestra’s Live on the
Sunset Strip (Stax Records, 2011)
Tony Hall, ‘The Tony Hall Column: George Harrison’s Fab Forty . . .’, Record
Mirror, 25 December 1965
For the Beatles recording in Memphis: Soulsville U.S.A. , op. cit., Chapter 6 –
‘Knock on Wood: 1966’

585
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For the Rolling Stones recording ‘I’ve Been Loving You Too Long’, see entry
for 10 May at The Complete Works of the Rolling Stones 1962–2015: www.
nzentgraf.de/books/tcw/works1.htm
Stu Hackel, ‘Heart Beat’, and track-by-track rundown by Bill Dahl and Keith
Hughes, edited and augmented by Harry Weinger, from The Complete
Motown Singles Volume 6: 1966, op. cit.
‘That’s when the thought processes . . .’: Soulsville U.S.A., op. cit., Chapter 6 –
‘Knock on Wood: 1966’
Mike Boone, ‘Jerry-O (The Papa Chew of Detroit Soul)’, 2006:
chancellorofsoul.com/jerryo.html
Oliver Wang, ‘Boogaloo Nights’, The Nation, 10 January 2008
A history of the Boo-Ga-Loo can be found in Social Dancing in America, op.
cit., Chapter 5 – ‘The Twist, Doing Your Own Thing, and A Go-Go: 1960–
69’
For more on Tom and Jerrio: www.dance-forums.com/threads/origins-of-the-
boogaloo-dance.24944
Dave Godin, ‘James Brown: The Soul of Mr. Brown’, Record Mirror, 26
March 1966
Peter Jones, ‘Brown’s a Super-Spectacle: James Brown: Walthamstow
Granada, London’, Record Mirror, 9 March 1966
‘Things were just getting bigger . . .’: James Brown: The Godfather of Soul, op.
cit., Chapter 24 – ‘Sex Machine’
‘James Brown is unprecedented . . .’: The One, op. cit., Chapter 10 – ‘The Cape
Act’
‘James Brown in Manhattan’, Time, 1 April 1966
For details of James Brown on Ed Sullivan, 1 May 1966: www.tv.com/shows/
the-ed-sullivan-show/may-1-1966-james-brown-the-supremes-nancy-ames-
london-lee-ascap-salute-107879/. Part of the performance can be seen at
www.youtube.com/watch?v=t08ejaQqWjY
The generally accepted quote has Dylan saying that Smokey Robinson was
America’s greatest poet; however, that was, in fact, a PR quote made up
c.1967. It has some basis in truth. At the 3 December 1965 televised press
conference he gave at the studios of KQED TV in San Francisco, moderator
Ralph J. Gleason asked him, ‘What poets do you dig?’ Dylan answers:
‘Rimbaud, I guess; W. C. Fields; The family, you know, the trapeze family
in the circus; Smokey Robinson; Allen Ginsberg; Charlie Rich – he’s a good
poet.’ Read more at www.rollingstone.com/music/news/bob-dylan-gives-
press-conference-in-san-francisco-19671214 and njnnetwork.com/2015/02/
bob-dylan-on-tracks-of-my-tears
According to R. J. Smith, ‘It’s a Man’s Man’s Man’s World’ was co-written by
Brown with Betty Jean Newsome, who had to fight for years to get proper
accreditation. The One, op. cit., Chapter 11 – ‘Man’s World’
Look, cover of 3 May 1966 issue
Aram Goudsouzian, Down to the Crossroads: Civil Rights, Black Power, and
the Meredith March Against Fear, Chapter 1 – ‘The Bible and the Gun:
Memphis to Hernando June 5–6, 1966 (Farrar Strauss and Giroux, 2014)
‘The Impressions’ “Keep on Pushing” . . .’: LeRoi Jones, ‘The Changing Same

586
 sources

(R&B and New Black Music)’, in Black Music (William Morrow and Sons,
1967)
The Selma footage is contained in ‘Bridge to Freedom’, Episode 5 of Eyes on
the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years 1945–1965 (PBS, 1987)
The Lyndon B. Johnson quotes come from the President’s Special Message to
the Congress: The American Promise, 15 March 1965, available in full at:
www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/650315.asp
For general histories and overviews of the civil rights movement: Eyes on the
Prize, op. cit.; a timeline at www.infoplease.com/spot/civilrightstimeline1.
html; Daniel W. Wynn, The Black Protest Movement (Philosophical Library
Inc., 1974)
Steven Kasher, The Civil Rights Movement: A Photographic History 1954–68,
Chapter 7 – ‘Selma’ (Abbeville Press, 1996)
For material on Martin Luther King, go to the Online King Records Access
(OKRA) database at Stanford University: okra.stanford.edu/SearchMLKP_
JP.htm
The C. T. Vivian/Clark confrontation is contained in ‘Bridge to Freedom’,
Episode 5 of Eyes on the Prize, op. cit.
Death of Malcolm X: Manning Marable, Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention,
Chapter 15 – ‘Death Comes on Time, February 14–February 21, 1965 (Allen
Lane, 2011)
‘The Ballot or the Bullet’ speech: ibid., Chapter 11 – ‘An Epiphany in the
Hajj, March 12–May 21, 1964’. The full text can be found online at Social
Justice Speeches, EdChange Multicultural Pavilion: www.edchange.org/
multicultural/speeches/malcolm_x_ballot.html
Malcolm X’s Detroit speech is covered in detail in ‘Motown Music, Afro-
American Dignity, and Brotherhood’, Dancing in the Street, op. cit., Chapter
4 – ‘Afro-American Music, without Apology: The Motown Sound and the
Politics of Black Culture’, and Malcolm X, op. cit., Chapter 15 – ‘Death
Comes on Time’. The full text of the speech is online at www.malcolm-x.org/
speeches/spc_021465.htm
For SNCC’s non-violent strategy: Daniel Wynn, ‘The Philosophy of
Nonviolent Resistance’, in The Black Protest Movement, op. cit., Chapter 4 –
‘Nonviolent Direct Action: The Montgomery Bus Boycott’
For the full text of Martin Luther King’s Nobel acceptance speech: www.
nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king-acceptance_en.html
For an excellent history of Los Angeles: Mike Davis, City of Quartz: Excavating
the Future in Los Angeles (Verso, 2006)
For an account of Marquette Frye and his arrest: articles.latimes.com/1986-12-
25/local/me-486_1_marquette-frye
Life quotes from ‘Arson and Street War – Most Destructive Riot in U.S.
History’, Life, 27 August 1965
For more background, see Paul Bullock (Ed.), Watts: The Aftermath, An Inside
View of the Ghetto by the People of Watts, Chapter 1 – ‘Watts: Before the
Riot’ and Chapter 2 – ‘The Riot’ (Evergreen Black Cat, 1970)
Bayard Rustin, ‘The Watts Manifesto and the McCone Report’, Commentary
41, March 1966; reprinted in Bayard Rustin, Down the Line: The Collected

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Writings of Bayard Rustin (Quadrangle Books, 1971)

Martin Luther King, ‘Beyond the Los Angeles Riots’, Saturday Review, 14
November 1965
Rob Bowman, sleeve notes for Stax Revue: Live at the 5/4 Ballroom 7th and
8th August 1965 (Ace Records, 1991)
Rob Bowman on Stax musicians and Watts Riots: Soulsville U.S.A., op. cit.,
Chapter 5 – ‘Don’t Have to Shop Around: 1965’
A note on the relation of black American pop and R&B to civil rights: Neither
‘A Change Is Gonna Come’ nor ‘Keep on Pushing’ refer to specific events.
They don’t explode with rage or discuss tactics, but instead express a dignified
sense of hope and determination: as Curtis Mayfield sang, ‘What’s that I see
/ A great big stone wall / Stands there ahead of me / But I’ve got my pride /
And I’ll move on aside / And keep on pushin’’. In 1966, ESP Disk released
an album called Movement Soul that featured field recordings from the voter
registration campaigns in Mississippi – Selma, Greenwood, Jackson – during
1963 and 1964. Many of the songs are hymns or old spirituals, like ‘Go Tell It
on the Mountain’, ‘Wade in the Water’ and ‘Ain’t Scared of Your Jails’, with
lyrics adapted for the demands of the moment as part of the collective process.
Other popular songs included ‘Ain’t Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me Around’
and ‘Ninety-Nine and a Half Won’t Do’, which was turbocharged by Wilson
Pickett on his May 1966 single ‘Ninety-Nine and a Half (Won’t Do)’
The Marvin Gaye quote comes from David Ritz, Divided Soul (Da Capo Press,
2003), and is reproduced in ‘The Many Meanings of the Motown Sound’, in
Dancing in the Street, op. cit., Chapter 4 – ‘Afro-American Music, without
Apology: The Motown Sound and the Politics of Black Culture’
‘Mississippi Goddam’: when issued on 45 in July 1964, the song was retitled
‘Mississippi *%??**&%’
‘Nina Simone Reveals “Mississippi Goddam” Song “Hurt My Career”’, Jet, 24
March 1986
‘an opening gunshot crack’: for the ‘Shotgun’ discussion and the October 1965
poem by Roland Snellings, see ‘The Many Meanings of the Motown Sound’,
Dancing in the Street, op. cit., Chapter 4 – ‘Afro-American Music, without
Apology: The Motown Sound and the Politics of Black Culture’
For the 7 January 1966 Martin Luther King quote and the Chicago campaign:
kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_chicago_
campaign
Peniel E. Joseph, Stokely: A Life, Chapter 7 – ‘Lowndes County: New
Directions: April 1965–May 1966’ (Basic Civitas, 2014)
‘Well of course when the Black panther . . .’: the Black Panther symbol is
discussed in Question 29 in the 1988 Eyes on the Prize interview between
Judy Richardson and Stokely Carmichael, conducted by Blackside, Inc. on
7 November 1988 for Washington University Libraries, Film and Media
Archive, Henry Hampton Collection. The full transcript can be found at
digital.wustl.edu/e/eii/eiiweb/car5427.0967.029stokleycarmichael.html
The full substance of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Statement on Vietnam, 6 January 1966 can be found at www.crmvet.org/
docs/snccviet.htm

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For the divisions at the ‘To Fulfill These Rights’ conference: Taylor Branch,
At Canaan’s Edge: America in the King Years: 1965–68 (Simon and Schuster,
2006)
For an online account of the March Against Fear, see Richard F. Weingroff,
‘The Road to Civil Rights’, www.fhwa.dot.gov/highwayhistory/road/road.
pdf
For a televisual history of the March Against Fear and footage of Carmichael’s
16 June 1966 Black Power speech, see Eyes on the Prize, Episode 7 –
‘The Time Has Come’; see also transcript at www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/
eyesontheprize/about/pt_201.html
For Meredith ‘fear’ quotes: Down to the Crossroads, op. cit., Chapter 1 – ‘The
Bible and the Gun: Memphis to Hernando June 5–6, 1966’
Steven Kasher, The Civil Rights Movement, op. cit., Chapter 8 – ‘Black Power
and the March Against Fear’. Includes a photograph by Bob Fitch of
Carmichael delivering the Black Power speech
‘Negroes in South to Be Violent if Whites Continue’, Jet, 26 May 1966
‘SNCC Sees Best Chance for Local Political Control’, Jet, 16 June 1966
For ‘Black Power’ speech, Peniel E. Joseph, Stokely, op. cit., Chapter 8 – ‘The
Meredith March, May 8–June 29, 1966’
Daniel W. Wynn, The Black Protest Movement, op. cit., Chapter 6 – ‘The
Black Power Movement’
Judy Richardson, 1988 interview, op. cit., Questions 51 to 55
Kalen M. A. Churcher, ‘Stokely Carmichael, “Black Power”’ (29 October
1966), archive.vod.umd.edu/civil/carmichael1966int.htm
For the chance encounter with Carmichael: Lyda Phillips, ‘That Close’, from
Mr. Touchdown (Universe Star); reproduced at www.chapter16.org/content/
close
Pompano riot: www.mrpopculture.com/june-22-1966 and Susan Gillis, Fort
Lauderdale: The Venice of America (Arcadia Publishing, 2004)
‘This is a terrible town . . .’: Down to the Crossroads, op. cit., Chapter 13 –
‘Brotherly Love: Louise to Yazoo City; Philadelphia June 21 1966’
For the Canton riot, see Down to the Crossroads, op. cit., Chapter 15 – ‘The
Shadow of Death: Benton to Canton June 23 1966’, and also Stokely, op. cit.,
Chapter 8 – ‘The Meredith March, May 8–June 29, 1966’
James Brown and the Freedom Riders: James Brown, op. cit., Chapter 19 –
‘Apollo Three, Four, Five . . .’
Involvement with issues and Meredith March of Fear: James Brown, op. cit.,
Chapter 25 – ‘Getting Into It’
For a description of the Tougaloo show: The One, op. cit., Chapter 11 – ‘Man’s
World’
‘wheedled, shouted, moaned . . .’: ‘Stars Sparkle at Mississippi Benefit Show’,
Jet, 14 July 1966
Chester Higgins, ‘Divided on Tactics, Leaders Agree March a Success’, Jet, 14
July 1966
The clip from the March Against Fear that segues into ‘Land of 1000 Dances’
occurs at 39m 30s into Eyes on the Prize, Episode 7
For more on the Chicago Freedom Movement: ‘Chicago activists challenge

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segregation (Chicago Freedom Movement), USA, 1965–1967’: nvdatabase.

swarthmore.edu/content/chicago-activists-challenge-segregation-chicago-
freedom-movement-usa-1965-1967
‘We cannot wait . . .’ and for more on the West Side Riots: ‘Launching
the National Fair Housing Debate: A Closer Look at the 1966 Chicago
Freedom Movement’, Poverty and Race Action Research Council,
www.prrac.org/full_text.php?text_id=1047&item_id=9645&newsletter_
id=0&header=Current+Projects
For the weather in Chicago that July: C. A. Bridger and L. A. Helfand,
‘Mortality from Heat during July 1966 in Illinois’, link.springer.com/
article/10.1007%2FBF01552978
‘West Side Story’, Newsweek, 25 July 1966
King on Watts in Chicago speech, March 1966: kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu/
encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_watts_rebellion_los_angeles_1965
‘Black Power: Politics of Frustration’, Newsweek, 11 July 1966
‘Watts Still Seething’ front cover, Life, 15 July 1966; and Jerry Cohen and
William S. Murphy, Burn, Baby, Burn! (Avon, 1967)
Stokely Carmichael, ‘Black Power’ speech, 28 July 1966, transcript at www.
encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401804839.html
‘Stokely Carmichael Speaks on Black Power in Detroit, July 30, 1966’, Pan
African News Wire, panafricannews.blogspot.co.uk/2006/06/stokely-
carmichael-speaks-on-black.html

chapter 8
‘Johnny’s radio is on . . .’: John Rechy, ‘Seven’, Numbers (Grove Press Inc,
1967)
Weather in New York 1966: weatherspark.com/history/31081/1966/New-
York-United-States. For the August 1966 weather report for the UK: www.
metoffice.gov.uk/archive/monthly-weather-report-1960s
Uncredited writer, ‘Sixth National Jazz and Blues Festival, Windsor: Jazz on a
Summer’s Weekend’, Melody Maker, 6 August 1966
‘the ultimate in pop violence’: Richard Green, ‘MUD dominated the Windsor
Festival’, Record Mirror, 6 August 1966
Ray Davies, author interviews late 1983 and early 1984 for The Kinks, op. cit.
‘It was a strange time . . .’: Jonathan Cott, ‘Ray Davies Talks’, Rolling Stone,
10 November 1969, available online at www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/
VOLUME04/MIRROR/Ray_Davies_Rolling_Stone.html
For the wages freeze, see ‘Britain at the Brink’, Newsweek, 25 July 1966. For
more and the Sunday Times quote, see Jennifer Harris, Sarah Hyde and
Greg Smith, 1966 and All That: Design and the Consumer in Britain, 1960–
69, chapter entitled ‘1966: A Year in Focus’ (Trefoil Design Library, 1986)
‘The Lovin’ Spoonful Captures the Feel, the Flavor, the Heartbeat of Summer
in the City’, Kama Sutra advertisement, page 5, Billboard, 2 July 1966
‘Charles Whitman: The Psychotic and Society’, Time, 12 August 1966
King in Chicago: The Civil Rights Movement, op. cit., Chapter 9 – ‘The
Eclipsing of Nonviolence, 1965–68’. Also kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu/
encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_chicago_campaign

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East Lansing riot: www.historyorb.com/date/1966/august

George Rockwell: en.metapedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_George_Lincoln_
Rockwell#1966
Tornados reviews by Peter Jones and Norman Jopling in Record Mirror, Penny
Valentine in Disc and Music Echo, both 20 August 1966
Billy Fury, ‘Blind Date’, Melody Maker, 20 August 1966
Both ‘Is This a Ship I Hear’ and ‘Wishing Well’ featured in Radio Caroline’s
Countdown of Sound, Saturday 27 August 1966: radiolondon.co.uk/caroline/
stonewashed/carolinecharts/052%20August%2027%201966.htm
Robb Huxley’s recollections of the ‘Do You Come Here Often?’ session
are in ‘The New Tornados – Part 2’: www.silvertabbies.co.uk/huxley/
newtornados2.html
Richard Dyer, The Culture of Queers, Chapter 4 – ‘It’s Being So Camp as
Keeps Us Going’ (Routledge, 2002)
‘We are undergoing presently . . .’: R. E. L. Masters, The Homosexual
Revolution, ‘Foreword’ (Belmont Books, 1962)
For a detailed history of gay records: www.queermusicheritage.com
For a full CAMP records discography and a history of the label: J. D. Doyle,
‘The Most Outrageous (and Queerest) Record Label of the 1960’s’, at www.
queermusicheritage.com/camp.html
For the eight laws: Patrick Higgins, Heterosexual Dictatorship: Male
Homosexuality in Post­War Britain, Chapter 8 – ‘The Operation of the
Law’ (Fourth Estate, 1997)
‘Essay: The Homosexual in America’, Time, Friday 21 January 1966
Randolfe Wicker, ‘The Wicker Report’, Eastern Mattachine, November–
December 1965
For homophobia leading to poor self-esteem in gay men, see, for instance,
Donald Cory, The Homosexual in America, Chapter 2 – ‘Hostility and
Its Hidden Sources’ and Chapter 14 – ‘From Handicap to Strength’
(Greenberg, 1951)
John Repsch, The Legendary Joe Meek: The Telstar Man (Woodford House,
1989)
There are many compilations of Meek’s productions but a good starting point
is Joe Meek: The RGM Legacy – Potrait of a Genius (Sanctuary, 2008). Also
Joe Meek: The Alchemist of Pop – Home Made Hits and Rarities 1958–1966
(Sanctuary, 2008)
Oldham and Charles Blackwell re. Meek: Andrew Loog Oldham, Stoned,
Chapter 7 (Martin Secker and Warburg, 2000)
For more on Paul, Ritchie and the Cryin’ Shames: www.liverpoolbeat.com/
rocknroll/category/the-history-of-merseybeat/greatest-merseybeat-bands/the-
cryin-shames
Larry Parnes, author interview, November 1985
For the Epstein importuning story: Debbie Geller, The Brian Epstein Story,
Chapter 2 – ‘A Magic World’ (Faber & Faber, 2000)
‘Johnny Remember Me’ was featured in an episode of Harpers West One, a
popular ATV soap opera (1961–3) that was set in a department store. John
Leyton played Johnny St Cyr, a pop star promoting his new record in-store

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For the Epstein John Leyton story, The Brian Epstein Story, op. cit., Chapter
3 – ‘Prodigal Son’
‘would be bigger than Elvis . . .’: Mark Lewisohn, All These Years: Tune In
– Extended Special Edition, Chapter 29 – ‘A Tendency to Play Music (6
February–8 March 1962)’, ‘Year 5, 1962: Always Be True’ (Little Brown, 2013)
Brian Epstein, A Cellarful of Noise (Souvenir Press, 1964)
Derek Taylor, interview with author, August 1997
Derek Taylor, Fifty Years Adrift (Genesis Books, 1984)
For more on the Lord Montagu witch-hunt: Patrick Higgins, Heterosexual
Dictatorship: Male Homosexuality in Post­War Britain (Fourth Estate,
1996), as well as Peter Wildblood’s classic campaigning book Against the
Law (Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1956)
Nat Weiss quotes from The Brian Epstein Story, op. cit., Chapter 8 – ‘Private
Lives’. The original interview was conducted by the author for the 1998
BBC Arena documentary ‘The Brian Epstein Story’.
Le Duce: jackthatcatwasclean.blogspot.co.uk/2008/02/gay-london-at-le-duce.
html
‘I never worried . . .’: Peter Burton, Parallel Lives, Chapter 1 – ‘Setting the
Scene’ (Gay Men’s Press, 1985)
‘FACE IT! Revolution in Male Clothes’, Life, 13 May 1966
Jeremy Reed, The King of Carnaby Street: The Life of John Stephen (Haus
Publishing, 2010)
Le Duce: Parallel Lives, op. cit., Chapter 2 – ‘Clubland’, and also an
excellent blog by Haydon Bridge at the Online Mod/ern/ist Archive:
jackthatcatwasclean.blogspot.co.uk/2008/02/gay-london-at-le-duce.html
‘Ten years in the community . . .’: Dick Leitsch, ‘We Are Ten’, Eastern
Mattachine, November–December 1965
For a general history of gay politics in the post-war period: Jeffrey Weeks,
Coming Out: Homosexual Politics in Britain, from the Nineteenth Century
to the Present (Quartet, 1977); Patrick Higgins, Heterosexual Dictatorship,
op. cit.; Stephen Jeffery-Poulter, Peers, Queers and Commons: The Struggle
for Gay Law Reform from 1950 to the Present (Routledge, 1991); Anthony
Grey, Quest for Justice: Towards Homosexual Emancipation (Sinclair-
Stevenson, 1992)
For the 63 per cent statistic and the ‘irrationality’ of the debates: Peers, Queers
and Commons, op. cit., Chapter 4: ‘Burbling On About Buggery: 1964–
1967’, ‘Peers, Queers and Commons: The Struggle for Gay Law Reform
from 1950 to the Present’
For a timeline of the Arran bill: Coming Out, op. cit., Part Four, Chapter 15
– ‘Law Reform’, ‘Coming Out: Homosexual Politics in Britain, from the
Nineteenth Century to the Present’
For Arena Three and Allan Horsfall: Quest for Justice, op. cit., Chapter X –
‘Meanwhile, Back at the Ranch . . .’
For the HLRS’s lack of influence on the legislation: ibid., Chapter VIII –
‘Lords’ Marathon’
For the mask as a concept, see for instance the front cover of ONE, February
1959: ‘the tragedy of MASKS’

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‘Until we are willing to speak out . . .’: The Homosexual in America, op. cit.,
Chapter 1 – ‘The Unrecognized Minority’. See also ‘From the First to the
Second Cory Report by Donald Webster Cory’, One, October 1963
James T. Sears, ‘Section Three: MATTACHINE (1950–1953)’, Behind the
Mask of the Mattachine, The Hal Call Chronicles (Routledge, 2012)
John D’Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a
Homosexual Minority in the United States (University of Chicago, 1998)
Stuart Timmons, The Trouble with Harry Hay: Founder of the Modern Gay
Movement (Alyson Books, 1990)
‘Let’s Push Homophile Marriage’, One, June 1963
For the relation of the homophile movement to civil rights, see, for example,
‘We’re on the Move Now’ (quoting Martin Luther King’s talk to the Selma–
Montgomery marchers), Eastern Mattachine, June 1965
Erika Hastings, ‘ECHO 1965: The Homosexual Citizen in the Great Society’,
The Ladder, January 1966
For a history of physique magazines: Thomas Waugh, Hard to Imagine:
Gay Male Eroticism in Photography from Their Beginnings to Stonewall
(Columbia University Press, 1996). The sales figures, the MANual v. Day
information and the ‘most significant gay cultural achievement . . .’ quote
also come from Hard to Imagine, ‘The Kinsey Generation: The Golden Age
of Magazines and Mail Order’ (1945–1963).
For a full history of the Guild Press (the publisher of MANual, the magazine
in the 1962 test case), DSI (Directory Services Inc) et al. and their legal
problems, see David K. Johnson, ‘Physique Pioneers: The Politics of 1960’s
Gay Consumer Culture’, Journal of Social History, summer 2010 (University
of South Florida)
For more DSI history: tim1965.livejournal.com/2019638.html
Rupert Smith, PHYSIQUE: The life of John S. Barrington (Serpents Tail, 1997)
Rick Stokes interviewed by Paul Gabriel, San Francisco 1961–1966 (from video
tape, 19 September 1996)
GLBT Historical Society: www.glbthistory.org
A sample of gay exploitation books from the period: D. Royal, I, Homosexual
(Fleur de Lis, 1965); Don Holliday, The Man from C.A.M.P. (Corinth
Publications, 1966); Robert Saunders, The Gay Lords (Unique, 1966); Carl
Corley, A Chosen World (Pad Library, 1966); Don Holliday, The Gay Trap
(Corinth Publications, 1966); Ed Culver, Gay Three­Way (PEC, 1966); Dean
Hudson, The Lavender Elves (Corinth Publications, 1966); Lee Dorian,
The Other Men (Viceroy, 1966); Anthony James, America’s Homosexual
Underworld (L. S. Publications, 1966); Norm Winski, The Homosexual
Explosion (Challenge Publications, 1966)
DSI: Tiger no. 2 (1966); Butch no. 1 (1965); Butch no. 2 (1966); Butch no. 5 (1966)
By 1965/6 there were other, more explicit magazines like Leather! (Guild Press,
1965), beach adonis (YP Publications, 1966) and Big Boys (Guild 1966)
For a contemporary discussion of this peculiar mix of exploitation and
consciousness-raising, see Warren Adkins, review of Carlson Wade, ‘The
Twilight Sex’, Eastern Mattachine, March 1965
For the April ‘sip-in’, see David Carter, Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked the

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Gay Revolution, Chapter 2 – Oppression, Resistance, and Everyday Life (St

Martin’s Press, 2004)
For Don Slater’s report on the gay motorcade from Tangent, May 1966: www.
tangentgroup.org/history/articles/motorcade.html
For Vanguard’s 1966 handbill ‘WE PROTEST’: ‘A (Brief) History of
Vanguard’, 2011, www.glbthistory.org/Vanguard/images%20vanguard/
vanguard-lowres.pdf
Jean Paul Marat: quoted in Laurence Tate, ‘Exiles of Sin, Incorporated’,
Berkeley Barb, 11 November 1966
Adrian Ravarour, interview with Joey Plaster, San Francisco GLBT Historical
Society, 2010
Joey Plaster, ‘A (Brief) History of Vanguard’, op. cit.
‘VANGUARD is an organisation . . .’: ‘YOUNG Rejects Form Organization,’
Cruise News, July 1966
Mark Forrester, ‘Central City: Profile of Despair’, Vanguard, issue 1, summer
1966
For a detailed description of hair fairies, see Adrian Ravarour: ‘Billy Garrison
described himself as a hair fairy – which meant that the clothing he wore
was heterosexual, you know, guys clothes – jeans and a shirt – but then
he had his hair ratted up and hair sprayed so it was stacked like a beehive
almost. And he then had on make-up eye, brow pencil [sic], rouge, some
lipstick, foundation, he did his nails.’ www.glbthistory.org/Vanguard/
images%20vanguard/vanguard-lowres.pdf
For a general history of gay San Francisco: Nan Alamilla Boyd, Wide Open
Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965 (University of California
Press, 2003)
For Comptons: Mack Friedman, Strapped for Cash: A History of American
Hustler Culture, Chapter 5 – ‘City Slickers: Metropolitan Hustlers, 1950–
1970’ (Alyson Books, 2003)
David Carter, Stonewall, op. cit., Chapter 6 – ‘Dawn Is Just Breaking’
Martin Duberman, Stonewall, Part Four – ‘The Mid-Sixties’ (Plume/Penguin,
1994)
John D’Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a
Homosexual Minority in the United States (University of Chicago, 1998)
The principal researcher of this extraordinary event is Dr Susan Stryker: see
‘The Compton’s Cafeteria Riot of 1966’, in Susan Stryker and Stephen
Whittle (Eds), The Transgender Studies Reader (Routledge, 2006), and Victor
Silverman and Susan Stryker, Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton’s
Cafeteria (Frameline DVD, 2010)
‘Young Homos Picket Compton’s Restaurant’, Cruise News and World
Report, August 1966. Vanguard distributed a broadside demanding that
management ‘changes its policies of harassment and discrimination of
the homosexuals, hustlers, etc., of the Tenderloin Area’. For more, see
vanguardrevisited.blogspot.co.uk/2011_02_01_archive.html:
VANGUARD, the organization whose membership is drawn from ‘kids on
the street,’ tested out its muscle on one of the worst offenders against human
dignity in the Tenderloin area of San Francisco.

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Compton’s at Turk and Taylor has long treated the younger residents as if
they were not at all human.
On various occasions, according to spokesmen of VANGUARD, the Rent-A-
Cop (Pinkerton Men) have manhandled innocent customers because they did
not drink their coffee fast enough to suit the Rent-A-Cop.
On the 18th of July VANGUARD had bout 25 persons carrying picket signs
from 10 pm til 12 pm. The action was televised by ABC and a fair presenta-
tion of the cause of VANGUARD was telecast.
Specifically VANGUARD was protesting:
We of the Tenderloin are picketing and boycotting this Gene Compton Res-
taurant for the following reasons:
1. We of the Tenderloin are continuously subjected to physical and verbal
abuse by both the management and the Pinkerton Special Officers assigned
there.
2. We feel that the 25 cent ‘Service’ charge was put into effect to keep out
those of us who have little or no money.
THEREFORE:
Until the management of this restaurant changes its policies of harassment
and discrimination of the homosexuals, hustlers, etc., of the Tenderloin Area,
we will boycott and picket this restaurant.
For the contemporary description of the riot, beginning with ‘With that cups,
saucers . . .’: Guy Strait, Cruise News and World Report, August 1966; cited
in Strapped for Cash, op. cit., Chapter 5 – ‘City Slickers: Metropolitan
Hustlers, 1950–1970’
The picture of the hair fairies cleaning up the Tenderloin can be found on page
14 of www.glbthistory.org/Vanguard/images%20vanguard/vanguard-lowres.
pdf
Vanguard press release re. ‘WHITE POWER’ and ‘BLACK POWER’ is
from Vanguard, vol. 1, issue 2, October 1966; reproduced in www.glbthistory.
org/Vanguard/images%20vanguard/vanguard-lowres.pdf
‘America is not too settled . . .’: Derek Taylor, ‘But They Shouldn’t Be Here
. . .’, Disc and Music Echo, 20 August 1966
John Rechy, author interview, November 1990
Rupert Smith, ‘Midnight Cowboy: John Rechy Recalls 40 Years of Hustle’,
Independent, 27 April 2008 – www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/
books/features/midnight-cowboy-john-rechy-recalls-40-yeas-of-
hustle-815124.html
For ‘number’ in gay slang: Dr Albert Ellis, introduction to The Guild
Dictionary of Homosexual Terms (Guild Press, 1965)
Charles Casillo, Outlaw: John Rechy (Advocate Books, 2002)
‘hopped up dirges’: Numbers, op. cit., ‘Thirteen’
‘Suddenly, with a blast . . ..’ and ‘a roster . . .’: ibid., ‘One’
‘by an enormous craving . . .’, ibid., ‘Fifteen’

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‘RACES: Simmering Symptoms’, Time, 12 August 1966

‘CRIME: The Madman in the Tower’, ibid.
‘A Gun-Toting Nation’, ibid.
‘The Symptoms of Mass Murder’, ibid.
‘Under the Clock, A Sniper with 31 Minutes to Live’, Life, 12 August 1966
David Nevin, ‘Charlie Whitman: The Eagle Scout Who Grew Up with a
Tortured Mind’, ibid.
‘A Town’s Troubled Mood as . . . A War Comes Home’, ibid.
Pamela Hansford Johnson, ‘Who’s to Blame When a Murderer Strikes?’ ibid.
Shepherd’s Bush murders, anonymous scrapbook with clippings, August 1966.
Harry Roberts was eventually captured in November 1966 and sentenced to
life in prison. He was eventually released in late 2014, forty-eight years after
his conviction
‘Our image was only a teeny part of us . . .’: Hunter Davies, The Beatles,
Chapter 22 – ‘Beatlemania’ (Heinemann, 1968)
‘Beatles: What a Carve-Up!’, Disc and Music Echo, 11 June 1966
Ray Coleman, ‘Paul: Exclusive’, ibid.
‘Beatles’ New Single – YOUR Verdict’, Disc and Music Echo, 4 June 1966
Penny Valentine, ‘Last Word by Singles Reviewer’, ibid.
‘was as relevant as Vietnam’: Alan Walsh, ‘George: More to Life than Being a
Beatle’, Melody Maker, 25 June 1966
Robert Whitaker, author interview, April 2011
Ron Tepper, ‘Dear reviewer . . .’, Capitol-headed letter, 14 June 1966
Ron Tepper, undated addition with ‘“pop art” satire’ quote, Capitol-headed
letter
Jo Sobeck, ‘DESTRUCTION OF OLD BEATLE JACKETS (S)T2553’,
memo to R. L. Howe, Capitol notepaper, 28 June 1966. Capitol memos
thanks to Jeff Gold
Alan Livingstone quoted in The Brian Epstein Story, op. cit., Chapter 11 –
‘The Fire This Time’
Earl Caldwell, ‘Mop Heads – or Lop Heads? Beatles Had the Wrong Groove’,
New York Post, 21 June 1966
The figure of $200,000 is from ‘Cap Takes 200G Loss on Beatles Cover
Experiment’, Variety, 22 June 1966
‘Beatle L.P. Cover Banned’, KRLA Beat, 2 July 1966
‘Beatles Change Erases Profit’, KRLA Beat, 16 July 1966
‘Letters to the Editor’, ibid.
For the ‘Paperback Writer’/‘Rain’ videos and for footage of the 1966 World
tour, I referred to The Beatles Film & TV Chronicle, Discs 11–12 (bootleg
DVD, 2005)
‘Japanese xenophobia’: see Shibly Nabhan, ‘Showdown at Budokan’, Japan
Times, July 2006; online at www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2006/07/02/to-be-
sorted/showdown-at-budokan/#.VZ6fkV5U0YU
For the Philippines: www.beatlesbible.com/1966/07/03/beatles-arrive-in-
manila-philippines and the following pages.
The Philippines quotes cited come from Tony Barrow, John, Paul, George,
Ringo & Me (Andrew Deutsch, 2005)

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The ITN news item is contained in The Beatles Film & TV Chronicle, op. cit.
Brian Epstein’s 25 July 1966 letter is reproduced in Fifty Years Adrift, op. cit.
Datebook ‘Shout-Out’ issue, September 1966
‘I Don’t Know Which Will Go First – Rock ’n’ roll or Christianity!’, Datebook,
September 1966
For material on Tommy Charles, including a picture of Charles and Doug
Layton ripping and breaking Beatles records: flashbak.com/god-forever-the-
beatles-never-when-lennon-compared-the-beatles-to-jesus-in-1966-30043
Jonathan Gould, Can’t Buy Me Love: The Beatles, Britain and America,
Chapter 32 (Portrait, 2007)
Bob Spitz, The Beatles: The Biography (Little Brown and Company, 2005)
Tony Barrow, John, Paul, George, Ringo & Me, op. cit.
For the 6 August Brian Epstein press conference: www.beatlesbible.
com/1966/08/06/brian-epstein-press-conference
For transcripts of the 11 and 12 August interviews: www.beatlesinterviews.org/
db1966.0812.beatles.html
‘We’re just trying to move forwards . . .’: www.beatlesinterviews.org/
db1966.0811.beatles.html
James Morris, ‘The Monarchs of the Beatle Empire’, Saturday Evening Post,
27 August 1966
For the Tommy Charles ‘Beatle bonfire’, see unattributed clipping from
Gleason archive, dated 4 August 1966: ‘Rock’n’Roll Disc Jockeys Ban
Beatles’
For a day-to-day account of the American tour: www.beatlesbible.
com/1966/08/12/live-international-amphitheatre-chicago-2 and the following
twenty days. A day-to-day account is also given in Barry Tashian, Ticket to
Ride – The Extraordinary Story of the Beatles’ Last Tour (Dowling {Press
1997). Also see the accounts by Jerry Leighton in Disc and Music Echo, 20
August 1966 on, and Ren Grevatt in the Melody Maker
ITN, Reporting 66: The Beatles Across America, transmitted 24 August 1966.
It can be viewed at www.itnsource.com/shotlist//BHC_ITN/1966/08/24/
X24086601
A full transcript of the Beatles interview can be seen at www.beatlesinterviews.
org/db1966.0819.beatles.html
‘It was that bad’: The Beatles, Anthology, op. cit.
‘It felt like . . .’: ibid.
For the audience reaction at Shea Stadium: Myles Jackson, ‘Beatles’ Blast at
Shea Stadium Described by Erupting Fans’, bootleg LP, 1966
Paul McCartney to Judith Sims, quoted in Ticket to Ride, op. cit.
‘Well, that’s it . . .’: Tony Barrow, John, Paul, George, Ringo & Me, op. cit.
Mark Lewisohn in email correspondence with author, September 2014:
‘George’s comment on the post-Candlestick Park flight has always been
reported by Tony Barrow. He was saying it in interviews as early as 1972,
so I believe it’s true. In his book, Tony says George said it to him, though
the impression I’ve always had is that he merely said it out loud, to anyone
who might be listening, or even just to himself. Interpretation is the key – it
really hinges on George’s perception of the part of himself that was “George

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Beatle”. The line didn’t mean he was leaving the group, or that the group
had no future, just that one part of his persona, his public persona, was
being put away.’
‘It yet remains to be seen . . .’: Rev. Ralph Blair, ‘“Op-Op”: Open Panel on
Problems’, Drum, nos 18–19, September 1966
John Repsch, The Legendary Joe Meek, op. cit.
‘a witches’ stew . . .’: Peter Brown and Steven Gaines, The Love You Make, p.
215 (McGraw-Hill, 1983)
Nat Weiss’s account of the Dizz Gillespie robbery and aftermath is in The
Brian Epstein Story, op. cit., Chapter 11 – ‘The Fire This Time’
‘I suddenly realised . . .’: ibid., Chapter 13 – ‘All You Need Is Love’

chapter 9
‘One of the basic factors . . .’: Orlando Patterson, ‘The Dance Invasion’, New
Society, 15 September 1966; reprinted in full in The Pop Process, op. cit.,
Chapter 4 – ‘Sources of Fashion: The Audience’
‘Home Safe and Sound’, NME, 2 September 1966
June Harris, ‘Beatle Bravery Worth More Than Money’, NME, 2 September
1966
There was another factor in the comparative decline of British pop in autumn
1966: the question of cost, which was affected by the freeze. In the spring,
the price of a 45 rpm single had increased from a basic 5/9 – 5 shillings and
9 pence – to 6/3. At the same time, tax on each purchase increased from 11
pence to 1s/11/4d, with the total price amounting to 7s/41/2d by the autumn.
At a time when a factory apprentice’s wage could be as low as £2.10s, even
this small increase was enough to affect teenage spending and to tip the
weight towards adults.
Dawn James on Brian Jones: ‘The Case of the Disappearing Image’, Rave,
August 1966
Chas Chandler quote from Chris Welch: ‘Group 67: Whither the Groups? Are
We Seeing the End of an Era?’ Melody Maker, 15 October 1966
Thom Keyes, All Night Stand (W. H. Allen, 1966)
David Griffiths, ‘British Rockers Slipping in US?’ Record Mirror, 30 July 1966
‘America the Brave’, Record Mirror, 6 August 1966
Derek Johnson, ‘Is the Big British Boom Over?’ NME, 2 September 1966
Tony Hall on West Coast groups: ‘Now It’s the White Groups that Are “Where
It’s At”’, The Tony Hall Column, Record Mirror, 7 May 1966
The Monkees ad is in Billboard, 27 August 1966, page 2
Andrew Sandoval, note for ‘Last Train to Clarksville’, The Monkees Music
Box (Rhino Records, 2008)
Readers polled in ‘Monkees to Be TV’s Beatles?’ KRLA Beat, 8 October 1966
‘A 20-year-old told me . . .’: Robert de Roos, ‘The Lacy Trousered Kids Are in
Revolt’, San Francisco Sunday Examiner and Chronicle, 25 September 1966
For recording information of ‘7 And 7 Is’: Andrew Sandoval, sleeve notes to
Da Capo (Elektra/Rhino, 2002)
The American Bandstand clip of ‘My Little Red Book’ can be seen at www.
youtube.com/watch?v=ftO9ClIhFAo

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The Castle: Bob Dylan and the Velvet Underground and Nico stayed there in
the first few months of 1966. The Castle was owned at that point by Jack
Simons and Lisa and Tom Law – see note on Lisa Law and Severn Darden
in Chapter 7.
For details of Arthur Lee’s life and Lee quotes: John Einarson, Forever
Changes: Arthur Lee and the Book of Love – The Authorized Biography of
Arthur Lee (Jawbone, 2010)
Anonymous, sleeve notes to issue of the American Four’s ‘Luci Baines’
(Monster Records)
All Johnny Echols quotes from Mike Stax, ‘A Love Supreme: The Johnny
Echols Interview’, Ugly Things #33, spring/summer 2012
‘We were at ground zero . . .’: sleeve notes to Da Capo, op. cit.
Rochelle Reed, ‘Love: Is Love Lost?’ KRLA Beat, 9 July 1966
‘7 And 7 Is’ review in ‘Top 60’, Billboard, 17 July 1966
Penny Valentine on ? and the Mysterians: ‘Quick Spins’, Disc and Music Echo,
1 October 1966
For the ‘Where the Action Is’ clip from October 1966: www.youtube.com/
watch?v=wFZX_vzvvwI
For Mike Metrovitch and ‘Hanky Panky’: Miriam Linna, sleeve notes to Mad
Mike Monsters Volume 2 (Norton Records, 2008)
For the 13th Floor Elevators’ ‘You’re Gonna Miss Me’ and the definitive
group histories, see Paul Drummond, sleeve notes for box set 13th Floor
Elevators: Sign of the Three Eyed Men (Charly, 2009), and Drummond, Eye
Mind: Roky Erikson and the 13th Floor Elevators (Process, 2007)
For material about teen beat/garage bands: Lenny Kaye, Nuggets: Original
Artyfacts from the First Psychedelic Era, 1965–1968 (Elektra double LP,
1972, and the 4 CD version, Elektra/Rhino, 1998)
For the pure, unsullied teen beat aesthetic – no psychedelia, no folk rock – Tim
Warren’s Back from the Grave series is the direct source: ten LPs (vols 1–10)
and six CDs on Crypt Records
Also for Greg Shaw and Who Put the Bomp! magazine, see Mick Farren and
Suzy Shaw, Bomp! Saving the World One Record at a Time (AMMO books,
2007)
For the connection between the Trashmen through to the 1966 teen groups: Jon
Savage, ‘Introduction’, in Suzy Shaw and Mike Stax (Eds), Bomp! 2: Born in
the Garage (BOMP/UT Publishing, 2009)
For an examination of a truly American 1960s aesthetic: Miriam Linna, sleeve
notes to Mad Mike Monsters Volumes 1–3 (Norton Records, 2008)
Greg Shaw talking about his formative musical taste: ‘One of my favorite
phases of 60s garage was 1963, when nobody had ever heard of England,
and songs like “Louie Louie” and “Surfin’ Bird” were drawing on 50s R&B
to create something really new. That influence was joined by the British
one, but always in America there were many streams of influence, from
rockabilly, rock and roll, surf, r&b, soul, British, folk, blues, and regional
styles too.’ Interview by Roberto Calabro, published in Italian magazine
Fun House, issue 3
Also see issues of Ugly Things, Ed. Mike Stax, passim. The influence of the

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drive-in horror movie on sixties American teen beat was suggested by Greg
Provost
See also Mike Markesich’s definitive survey Teenbeat Mayhem! (Priceless Info
Press, 2012)
Richard Goldstein, ‘Gear’, originally published in the Village Voice, summer
1966; collected in Goldstein’s Greatest Hits, op. cit.
Carnival of Souls is at www.youtube.com/watch?v=exUFpSFblaw
Uncredited sleeve notes to The Roosters: All Of Our Days (Break-A-Way
Records, 2011)
‘a window into the future’: ‘California’, Look, 25 September 1962; see also
‘California’, Look, 28 June 1966
Robert Cohen, Mondo Hollywood (Radical Films DVD, 2005)
Mike Fessier quoted in Riot on Sunset Strip, op. cit., ‘Progenitors of the
Broader Social Consciousness’
For the Strip as incubator of pop culture: ibid., ‘TV a Go Go and the Battle of
the Bands’
Also see So You Want to Be a Rock’n’Roll Star, op. cit., ‘1965’ and ‘1966’,
in particular the entries for ‘Friday 16–Sunday 25 1965, Ciro’s Le Disc,
Hollywood, CA’ and Saturday 4 June 1966, which reproduces a Derek Taylor
column from Disc and Music Echo from that date: ‘The teenage rebellion is
complete on the Strip. Here is total deadlock between matriarchal, middle-
aged American youth and uniformed authority. There is no meeting place
between young and old.’
For the Seeds: Alec Palao, sleeve notes for The Seeds and A Web of Sound (Ace
Records, 2012 and 2013)
The Mothers of Invention, Freak Out (Verve Records double LP, June 1966)
(early copies included the ‘Freak Out Hot Spots’ map)
Robert de Roos, ‘The Lacy Trousered Kids Are in Revolt’, op. cit.
‘We foresee as the next logical step . . .’: Jane Heil, ‘A Loud and Quiet Look at
the Pop Scene’, Hit Parader, August 1966
Andrew Loog Oldham, sleeve note for Out of Our Heads (Decca, 1965) and
December’s Children (London Records, 1965)
Charles Radcliffe, ‘Rebel Worker: 1966’, in Two Fiery Flying Rolls: The
Heatwave Story 1966–1970 (Charles H. Kerr Publishing Company, 2005)
‘As Jim McGuinn Sees Himself’, TeenSet, October 1966
‘California is the centre . . .’: Editorial, San Francisco Oracle, issue 1, 20
September 1966
Nat Hentoff, ‘Something’s Happening and You Don’t Know What It Is, Do
You, Mr. Jones?’ Evergreen, June 1966
‘Albums in Review’, TeenSet, October 1966
Richard Goldstein, ‘Shango Mick Arrives’, summer 1966; reprinted in
Goldstein’s Greatest Hits, op. cit.
Paul Williams, editorial, Crawdaddy! no. 1, 7 February 1966. The front simply
contained a quote from the Fortunes in Music Echo, 29 January 1966: ‘There
is no musical paper scene out there like there is in England. The trades are
strictly for the business side of the business and the only things left are the fan
magazines that do mostly the “what colour socks my idol wears” bit.’

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 sources

Paul Williams, ‘Understanding Dylan’, Crawdaddy! no. 4, August 1966

Paul Williams, ‘Along Comes Maybe’, ibid.
Paul Williams, ‘The New Sounds’, ibid.
Richard Farina, ‘Your Own True Name’, Crawdaddy! no. 3, March 1966
Greg Shaw and Richard Harris, ‘Editorial’, Mojo Navigator, vol. 1, no. 1, 8
August 1966
‘to do things that nobody has done before’: Greg Shaw and Richard Harris,
‘The Straight Theater’, Mojo Navigator, vol. 1, no. 2, 16 August 1966
Greg Shaw and Richard Harris, ‘The Grateful Dead’, Mojo Navigator, vol. 1,
no. 4, 30 August 1966
Greg Shaw and Richard Harris, Velvet Underground review, ‘News, Rumors,
Gossip’, Mojo Navigator, vol. 1 no. 6, 18 September 1966
Gene Sculatti, author interview, October 2014
For more on Tom Donohue’s Autumn Records: Autumn Records Story (Edsel
Records, 1999)
For more on the SF garage bands: Good Things Are Happening (Big Beat
Records, 1995) and Love Is the Song We Sing: San Francisco Nuggets 1965–
1970 (Rhino 4 CD set, 2007)
Ralph J. Gleason, ‘On the Town’, undated columns March and May 1966, San
Francisco Chronicle, from scrapbook provided by Gene Sculatti
The Haight­Ashbury, op. cit.
For Haight-Ashbury under threat of highway development: foundsf.org/index.
php?title=The_Freeway_Revolt
San Francisco Oracle, issue 1, op. cit.
‘a long and dismissive discussion . . .’: ‘Indo Rock’, ibid.
I.D. 1966 Band Book, September 1966
Gene Sculatti, ‘San Franciscan Bay Rock’, Crawdaddy! no. 6, November 1966
‘Three Berkeley VDC Members Subpoenaed by Un-American Activities
Committee’, Berkeley Daily Gazette, 5 August 1966
Associated Press, ‘House Probe of Viet Dissent Opens in Furor’, San Francisco
Chronicle, 17 August 1966
‘A Noisy Windup to House Probe’, San Francisco Chronicle, 20 August 1966
‘We denounce capitalism . . .’: Roel van Duyn, ‘This Is Provo’, translated by
Hugo le Comte, Anarchy, issue 66, ‘Provo’, August 1966
Bill C. Haigwood, ‘Telly’s Teen-Age “Hiplings” Talk of Rebellion – But Their
Real “Scene” Is One of Boredom’, Berkeley Daily Gazette, 16 August 1966
Michael Wall, ‘Another Kind of Dutchman’, San Francisco Sunday Examiner
and Chronicle, 14 August 1966
Joseph Lelyveld, ‘Dadaists in Politics’, New York Times Magazine, 2 October
1966
Richard Kempton, PROVO: Amsterdam’s Anarchist Revolt (Autonomedia,
2007)
For more on Provo, including illustrations of pamphlets and magazines, see Jan
Pen, Provo Images, provo-images.info
‘Appeal to the International Provotariat’, PROVO, issue 8, April 1966;
reprinted in Anarchy, issue 66, op. cit.
For the origins of Provo, see PROVO, op. cit., Chapter 1 – ‘amsterdam, the

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magic centre (1961–1965)’, Chapter 2 – ‘the prophet of magic amsterdam:

robert jasper grootveld’ and Chapter 3 – ‘the birth of provo (may–july 1965)’
For the protests against the royal wedding, see Kempton, ibid., Chapter 4 –
‘the state is provoked! (july 1965–march 1966)’, Chapter 5 – ‘the finest hour
of the dutch republic (march 10, 1966)’
For the demonstrations of 13 June on, see Kempton, ibid., Chapter 6 – ‘the two
dimensions of police brutality: amsterdam under siege (march 19 – june 13,
1966)’ and Chapter 7 – ‘the monster of amsterdam (june 14, 1966)’
Charles Radcliffe, ‘Day Trip to Amsterdam’, Anarchy, issue 66, op. cit.,
reprinted from Heatwave, no. 1, July 1966
For more on Dutch youth during that spring/summer and the leading Dutch
group, Q65, see Pim Scheelings, Q65 (Ugly Things Books, 2010)
Charles Radcliffe as Ben Covington, ‘Only Lovers Left Alive’, Heatwave, no.
1, July 1966
Charles Radcliffe, ‘The Seeds of Social Destruction’, ibid.
‘one of the few things in this society . . .’: ibid.
Charles Radcliffe, ‘Pop Goes the Beatle’, ‘Mods, Rockers and the Revolution’,
Rebel Worker, no. 1, 1965
For dissolution of Provo: PROVO, op. cit., Chapter 8 – ‘aftermath of the battle:
the gradual decline and death of provo (june 15, 1966–may 14, 1967)’
Kenneth Coutts-Smith, ‘Violence in Art’, art and artists, vol. 1, no. 5, August
1966
Gustav Metzger, untitled statement, ibid.
Charles Radcliffe, ‘The Who – Crime Against the Bourgeoisie’, Rebel Worker,
no. 6, May 1966
Pete Townshend, author interview, 2011
For the Who nearly breaking up in May: entries for ‘Tuesday, 3 May’ and
‘Friday, 20 May’, in Anyway Anyhow Anywhere, op. cit., and entry for ‘May
20 1966’ in Johnny Black, Eyewitness: The Who: The Day­by­Day Story
(Carlton Books, 2001). Keith Moon: ‘It was incredibly violent for a time.
It was common knowledge in England because there were a lot of people
coming to see our shows and we came on with sticking plasters, bleeding.
There were even fistfights on stage. Every five minutes, someone was
quitting the group.’
If you can find it, there is excellent Canadian TV footage from the 9 July
1966 show at Westminster Technical College in London, which features
Townshend and Moon smashing their respective instruments.
‘I don’t think the rebellion line . . .’: Nick Jones, ‘Whither the Groups?’
Melody Maker, 15 October 1966
Norman Jopling, ‘The Who: Anti Love’, Record Mirror, 15 October 1966
‘an obvious hit . . .’: Norman Jopling and Peter Jones, ‘New Singles Reviewed’,
Record Mirror, 2 September 1966
For an excellent history of DIAS, including Metzger quote, Ortiz story, etc.:
Kristine Styles, ‘The Story of the Destruction in Art Symposium and the
“DIAS Effect”,’ in Sabina Breitweiser (Ed.), Gustav Metzger, Geschichte
Geschichte (Generali Foundation and Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2005)
‘Destruction IN art did not mean the destruction OF art’: Dario Gamboni,

602
 sources

‘Modern Art and Iconoclash: The Destruction of Art as Art’, in The

Destruction of Art: Iconoclasm and Vandalism Since the French Revolution
(Reaktion Books, 1997)
For ‘anal’ and ‘sadomasochistic’ quotes: poster for the Theater of Orgies and
Mysteries March 1968 performance in New York, www.vasulka.org/archive/
Artists4/Nitsch/NitschPoster.pdf
Gustav Metzger, ‘Excerpts from Selected Papers Presented at the 1966
Destruction in Art Symposium’, Studio International, December 1966
Barry Farrell, ‘The Other Culture’, cover story, Life, 17 February 1967
Allan Kaprow, How to Make a Happening (Mass Art LP, 1966)
‘Psychedelic Art’, Life, 9 September 1966
‘Greetings and welcome Rolling Stones . . .’: ‘Manifesto’, a single-page leaflet
handed out at the Rolling Stones concert at the Hollywood Bowl, 25 July 1966
2Stoned, op. cit.
‘some songs I write . . .’: in Rochelle Reed, ‘That’s Tough, Mom’, KRLA Beat,
22 October 1966
‘A Great Face Job’, Melody Maker, 24 September 1966
‘the Shadow is the . . .’: The Rolling Stones: The First Twenty Years, op. cit.
‘Can you imagine . . .’: Bill Harry, ‘Mick the Fighter’, Record Mirror, 10
September 1966
For Rolling Stones 1966 timeline: www.timeisonourside.com/chron1966.html
and www.nzentgraf.de/books/tcw/works1.htm
Keith Richards and Mick Jagger quotes: ‘A Great Face Job!’, Melody Maker,
24 September 1966
The two separate videos for ‘Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing in
the Shadow?’ were up on YouTube but seem to have disappeared
‘came over the top . . .’: Mike Ledgerwood, ‘Stones Stampede’, Disc and Music
Echo, 1 October 1966
‘It should be nestling . . .’: ‘At Home’, Record Mirror, 24 September 1966
‘Stones Slipped Disc’, Melody Maker, 15 October 1966
‘the most astounding shock . . .’ and Bobby Elliot and Mike d’Abo quotes from
Penny Valentine, ‘Stones – What Went Wrong?’ Disc and Music Echo, 5
November 1966

chapter 10
‘Reeves Tops Pop 50’, Melody Maker, 24 September 1966
For more on Jim Reeves’s life: Larry Jordan, Jim Reeves: His Untold Story
(Page Turner Books, 2011)
Dick Tatham, sleeve notes for Finchley Central LP (Fontana Records, 1967)
‘The Junk Shop Vaudeville Sound’, Melody Maker, 15 October 1966
Mark Frumento, sleeve notes to the New Vaudeville Band’s Winchester
Cathedral (RPM CD, 2007)
Neil Innes interview: transatlanticmodern.com/2013/06/24/interview-neil-innes
Bonzos interview: Jeff Penczak, ‘Three Bonzos and a Piano’, www.terrascope.
co.uk/Features/Three_Bonzos_Feature.htm
Richard Allen, sleeve notes to Songs the Bonzo Dog Band Taught Us (Freak
Emporium CD, 2007)

603
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Bob Kerr info: tradjazzradio.blogspot.co.uk/2007/08/making-whoopee.html

Kieron Tyler, sleeve notes to Alan Klein’s Well at Least It’s British (RPM, 2008)
Spencer Leigh interview with Alan Klein: sweetwordsofpismotality.blogspot.
co.uk/2010/10/gnome-thoughts-13.html
‘What a drag . . .’: ‘Zooming Up the Chart!: Hit Talk by Mindbender Bob’,
Disc and Music Echo, 1 October 1966
Chris Welch, ‘Let the Good Times Roll!’, Melody Maker, 22 October 1966
For details of ‘Tell Me that You Love Me’: Alan Leeds, sleeve notes to James
Brown’s The Singles Volume 4: 1966–67 (Polydor, 2007)
For Pathé Yoko Ono footage: www.britishpathe.com/video/concept-art-on-
show-in-london/query/Ono
Allan Kaprow, How to Make a Happening, op. cit.; a full transcript is available
at primaryinformation.org/files/allan-kaprow-how-to-make-a-happening.pdf
‘The Electronic Front Page’, Time, 14 October 1966; also ‘Television: The
Most Intimate Medium’, ibid.
Marshall McLuhan, ‘The Invisible Environment: The Future of
Consciousness’, Perspecta (Yale Architectural Journal), no. 11, fall 1966
Irwin Allen’s The Time Tunnel: The Complete Series (20th Century Fox DVD,
2011)
Adam Adamant Lives! The Complete Collection (BBC DVD, 2006)
Pauline Boty in Scene, November 1962: quoted in Pauline Boty: Pop Artist
and Woman, op. cit., Chapter 4 – ‘Pop Artist and Woman’
‘Aubrey Beardsley: An Exhibition of Original Drawings, Manuscripts, Books,
Paintings, Posters Etc.’ was held at the Victoria and Albert Museum
between 19 May and 19 September 1966. It was the first major museum
exhibition I ever went to. The catalogue was written by Brian Reade: Aubrey
Beardsley (Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1966)
Paul Flora, Vivat Vamp! (Dobson Books, 1965)
For I Was Lord Kitchener’s Valet and the Jagger jacket: interview with Robert
Orbach on the Victoria and Albert Museum’s website – www.vam.ac.uk/
content/articles/i/robert-orbach. ‘I’m sitting there one morning and in
walked John Lennon, Mick Jagger and Cynthia Lennon. And I didn’t know
whether I was hallucinating . . . but it was real. And Mick Jagger bought a
red Grenadier guardsman drummer’s jacket, probably for about £4–5. They
all came from Moss Bros and British Army Surplus. In 1966 it was only fifty
or so years from Victorian times, when we had an empire. We used to buy
fur coats by the bale . . . we had to throw quite a lot away. So Mick Jagger
bought this tunic and wore it on Ready Steady Go! when the Stones closed
the show by performing “Paint It Black”. The next morning there was a line
of about 100 people wanting to buy this tunic . . . and we sold everything in
the shop by lunchtime.’
For more: dandyinaspic.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/i-was-lord-kitcheners-valet.
html
The site dandyinaspic also has an excellent blog on the various incarnations of
Granny Takes a Trip: dandyinaspic.blogspot.co.uk/2011/07/granny-takes-
trip.html
‘We started making clothes for men and women . . .’: Sophia Satchell-

604
 sources

Baeza, ‘Welcome Cosmic Visions: An Interview with Nigel Waymouth’,

sophiasbfilm.wordpress.com/2014/04/16/welcome-cosmic-visions-an-
interview-with-nigel-waymouth
Max Decharne, Kings Road: The Rise and Fall of the Hippest Street in the
World (Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 2005)
Maureen O’Grady, ‘The Imperfect Pop Star’, Rave, October 1966
Peter Watkins, Privilege (BFI Flipside, 2011)
The Beat Fleet, op. cit., Chapter 6 – ‘Expansion and Tragedy’ and Chapter 7 –
‘Outlawed’
For ‘We Love the Pirates’ in Radio Caroline countdown: radiolondon.co.uk/
caroline/stonewashed/carolinecharts/054%20September%2010%201966.htm
‘They’re Coming to Take Us Away’, Disc and Music Echo, 1 October 1966
‘The government makes me sick . . .’: interview with Ray Coleman, Disc and
Music Echo, 6 August 1966
‘Nationalised Pop to Replace Pirates?’ Melody Maker, 1 October 1966
For Blow­Up filming and Yardbirds timeline: ‘Jimmy Page’s Psychedelic Era’
and ‘Yardbirds Concert Dates’ in Yardbirds: The Ultimate Rave­Up, op. cit.
‘Antonioni and “The Blow Up”’, Continental Film Review, September 1966
Christopher Gibbs, author interview, June 1995: ‘There’s this bend in the river,
so you get a mile of water, and you get these amazing light effects, opposite
Cheyne Walk, by the boats, what they call Turner’s Reach. I was staying up
all night taking acid, and entertaining quite expansively, having twenty-five
people I’d never seen before, and there were piles of Moroccan things and
ancient Persian carpets and tapestries hanging on the wall, and more or less
no furniture. I had this backdrop place and Antonioni was brought there by
Claire Peploe, who lived with Antonioni and then married Bertolucci. A lot
of the people who came to the party were my friends. If I looked at it I could
probably point out twenty of them, and half of them might still be alive.’
Penny Valentine, ‘Penny Spins the Discs’, Disc and Music Echo, 22 October
1966
‘Mod Britain ’67: Bob Farmer Reporting from Newcastle’, Disc and Music
Echo, 5 November 1966
‘The new factor in U.S. race relations . . .’: ‘What the Negro Has – And Has
Not – Gained’, Time editorial, 28 October 1966
For the Billboard chart of 1 October, go to Google Books and search for the
issue of that date. Almost all the issues of Billboard from 1966 are viewable
at Google Books. For more, go to old-charts.com
Rochelle Reed, ‘James Brown Says “I’m a Dynamo!”’, KRLA Beat, 8 October
1966; also at rocksbackpages.com
James Brown and Bruce Tucker, ‘Getting Into It’, in James Brown: The
Godfather of Soul, op. cit.
For the history of the Hunter’s Point disturbances: Arthur E. Hippler, Hunter’s
Point – A Black Ghetto (Basic Books, 1974)
‘several huddled, cowering children of preteen age’: ibid., Chapter 10 – ‘The
“Riot”’
For ‘white power’ images: The Civil Rights Movement, op. cit., Chapter 9 –
‘The Eclipsing of Nonviolence, 1965–68’

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Cicero March, by Film Group Inc., can be seen at www.

movingimagearchivenews.org/the-1966-march-on-cicero-a-step-towards-
equity
Mick Rogers, Freakout on Sunset Strip, Chapter 5 – ‘Skinheads, Greasers and
Surfers’ (Greenleaf Classics, 1967)
Lerone Bennett, ‘Stokely Carmichael: Architect of Black Power’, Ebony,
September 1966
For anti-war speeches and Atlanta disturbance: Stokely: A Life, op. cit.,
Chapter 9 – ‘The Magnificent Barbarian: July–September 1966’
Defeat of 1966 Civil Rights Bill: ‘Civil Rights – Ahead of Its Time’, Time, 30
September 1966
‘resistance of whites . . .’ and ‘52% of them think . . .’: ‘Politics: The Turning
Point’, Time, 7 October 1966
For Reagan and Berkeley, and black Republicans: Robert Dallek, The Right
Moment, Chapter 9 – ‘The Search for Order’ (Oxford University Press, 2009)
‘beatniks, radicals and filthy speech advocates’: ‘The Morality Gap at
Berkeley’, speech at Cow Palace, 12 May 1966
Michelle Reeves, ‘“Obey the Rules or Get Out”’, op. cit.
Huey P. Newton, Revolutionary Suicide, Chapters 14–17 (Penguin Classics,
2009)
Joshua Bloom and Waldo E. Martin, Jr, Black Against Empire: The History
and Politics of the Black Panther Party (University of California Press, 2014)
The full Black Panther manifesto is reprinted in Revolutionary Suicide, op.
cit., Chapter 16 – ‘The Founding of the Black Panther Party’
‘Amsterdam, London, San Francisco . . .’: Dave Rothlop, letter to The
Psychedelic Oracle, issue 2, October 1966
‘the surrounding neighbourhood . . .’: Dark Stars and Anti­Matter: 40 Years of
Loving, Leaving and Making Up with the Music of the Grateful Dead (Rhino
ebook, 2012)
Ralph J. Gleason, ‘On the Town: Dance Concert Isle of Sanity’, San Francisco
Chronicle, 2 October 1966
Stephen Schneck, ‘The Action’, San Francisco Oracle, issue 2, October 1966
Diggers material from www.diggers.org – an excellent site, including www.
diggers.org/ring_compilation/ring_compilation_209_263.htm; www.diggers.
org/Outrageous_Pamphleteers-A_History_Of_The_Communication_
Company.pdf
For the early leaflets, including ‘A-Political Or, Criminal Or Victim Or Or Or
. . .’: www.diggers.org/digger_sheets.htm
Emmett Grogan, Ringolevio: A Life Played for Keeps (Little Brown, 1972)
List of 1966 SF rock shows: www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/rock.html
SF State Acid Test: www.postertrip.com/public/5587.cfm
Erik Bluhm, ‘The Story of the Wildflower, San Francisco’s Lost Band’, Ugly
Things, issue 29
For the nuclear attack simulation at the Awareness Festival and the Love
Pageant Rally: The Haight­Ashbury, op. cit., Chapter 4 – ‘Big Plans’
‘THE TRULY INSANE ARE HELPLESS!’: Schneck, ‘Flex, Re-Flex’, San
Francisco Oracle, issue 2, October 1966

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Digger Free Food leaflet: Dominic Cavallo, ‘It’s Free Because It’s Yours’,
www.diggers.org/cavallo_pt__1.htm, and The Haight­Ashbury, op. cit.,
Chapter 4 – ‘Big Plans’
Mojo Navigator reviews: issue 9, 17 October 1966
Hendrik Herzberg material: deadsources.blogspot.co.uk/2014/08/october-1966-
san-francisco-sound.html. The article was finally printed in Newsweek, 19
December 1966
Peter Jenner, author interview, December 2014
For a full history of the Portobello Road area and Carnival: Ishmahil Blagrove,
Jr (Ed.), Carnival (RICENPEAS, 2014)
Grove magazine, 23 June 1966 is quoted in Carnival, ibid., ‘Introduction’
Julian Mash, ‘Pageant, Fireworks, Music, Plays and Poetry: The London
Free School and the 1966 Carnival’, in Portobello Road: Lives of a
Neighbourhood (Frances Lincoln, 2014)
John Hopkins, author interview, May 2012
The Joe Gannon and Dave Tomlin pictures are in ‘Rhuane Laslett, the Notting
Hill Festival’, in Carnival, op. cit.
Pink Floyd concerts in 1966: www.brain-damage.co.uk/concert-dates/1966-
tour-dates-concerts.html
AMM Keith Rowe interview: www.paristransatlantic.com/magazine/
interviews/rowe.html
Mark Blake, Pigs Might Fly: The Inside Story of the Pink Floyd (Aurum, 2007)
Julian Palacios, Lost in the Woods: Syd Barrett and the Pink Floyd (Boxtree,
1998)
Barry Miles, Pink Floyd: The Early Years (Omnibus, 2006)
Pink Floyd 14 October set list: Rob Chapman, Syd Barrett, A Very Irregular
Head, Chapter 3 – ‘Flicker Flicker Blam Blam Pow’ (Faber & Faber, 2010)
‘a spark that was magnetic . . .’: ‘Pink Floyd Go into Interstellar Overdrive’ in
Portobello Road, op. cit.
‘bring your own poison . . .’: Syd Barrett, A Very Irregular Head, op. cit.,
Chapter 3 – ‘Flicker Flicker Blam Blam Pow’
‘2500 Ball at IT-Launch’, International Times, 31 October–13 November 1966
Barry Miles, ‘THE Global moon-edition Long Hair Times’, ‘The Pink Floyd’,
‘International Times’, ‘IT Launch at the Roundhouse’, all from In the
Sixties, op. cit.
‘resisted any whole-hearted move . . .’: ‘Surrogate Americans’, ibid.
‘You’, editorial, International Times, 14–27 October 1966
‘There seem to be many . . .’: Casey Hayden and Mary King, ‘Sex and Caste: A
Kind of Memo’, Liberation, April 1966
Jacqueline Susann, Valley of the Dolls (Grove Press, 1966)
For details of That Girl: www.imdb.com/title/tt0060034/
episodes?year=1966&ref_=tt_eps_yr_1966
Peter Doggett, sleeve notes to Sandy Posey’s A Single Girl (MGM/RPM
Records, 2002)
Craig Fenton, sleeve notes to Jefferson Airplane’s Live at the Fillmore
Auditorium 10/16/66 Grace’s Debut (Collector’s Choice, 2010)
Big Brother interview from Mojo Navigator News, vol. 1, no. 8, 5 October 1966

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‘You Keep Me Hangin’ On’ was intended as a ‘one–two punch’ and ‘the
sound of a telegraph that you’d hear in an old movie’: see track-by-track
annotations by Bill Dahl and Keith Hughes, op. cit.
‘the actions needed . . .’, ‘not just talk’ and ‘I knew in my gut . . .’: Betty
Friedan, Life So Far, Chapter 7 – ‘Starting the Women’s Movement’ (Simon
& Schuster, 2000)
Text of National Organisation of Women founding statement: www.feminist.
org/research/chronicles/early1.html
For Stokely Carmichael 27 October pre-induction facility and partying in the
Haight after the 29 October speech: Stokely: A Life, op. cit., Chapter 10 – ‘A
New Society Must Be Born’
Michelle Reeves, ‘“Obey the Rules or Get Out”’, op. cit.
Full text of Stokely Carmichael’s ‘Black Power’ address at
Berkeley, 29 October 1966: www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/
stokelycarmichaelblackpower.html
For the context and implications: Kalen M. A. Churcher, ‘Stokely
Carmichael, “Black Power”’ (29 October 1966): archive.vod.umd.edu/civil/
carmichael1966int.htm
‘to get to the bottom of the Berkeley mess’: see description of 11 September
1966 Meet the Press appearance in The Right Moment, op. cit., Chapter 10 –
‘Prairie Fire’

chapter 11
‘It is way off beam . . .’: Dave Godin, ‘SOUL The Reasons Why Are
Explained’, letter to Record Mirror, 26 November 1966
Penny Valentine, ‘If You’ve Any Soul, Buy This!’ Disc singles review, 8
October 1966
Marc Weingarten quote and disagreements: see note for Four Tops’ ‘Reach
Out I’ll Be There’, Bill Dahl and Keith Hughes, op. cit.
Marc Weingarten, interview with Lamont Dozier, Mojo, no. 45, August 1997
‘we will release nothing less . . .’: in note for The Supremes’ ‘You Can’t Hurry
Love’, Bill Dahl and Keith Hughes, op. cit.
‘1966 will undoubtedly be recorded as . . .’: DISCussion by Eden, KRLA Beat,
5 November 1966
Tony Hall, ‘The Tony Hall Column’, Record Mirror, 8 October 1966
Bob Farmer, ‘FOUR TOPS Spin Up to the Top!’ Disc and Music Echo, 22
October 1966
Norman Jopling, ‘Here’s How a Sophisticated Nightclub Act . . .’, Record
Mirror, 29 October 1966
‘This is the most important record of our career . . .’: Norman Jopling, ‘The
Tops Talk about the Songwriting Set . . .’, Record Mirror, 19 November 1966
‘Tony Hall introduced the Four Tops . . .’: Penny Valentine, ‘Blowing their
TOPS!’ Disc and Music Echo, 19 November 1966
Tony Hall, ‘My Scene by Tony Hall’, Record Mirror, 26 November 1966
Dusty Springfield, ‘Watch Out! – The Yanks Are Winning’, Disc and Music
Echo, 26 November 1966
‘a divergent culture . . .’: Dave Godin, author interview, July 1997

608
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‘fabulous, neurotic sound’: Penny Valentine, ‘Stones Stay with Dylan!’ Disc
Weekly, 5 February 1966
‘The “in” crowd always said . . .’: Maureen O’Grady, ‘The Soul Parade’, Rave,
November 1966
For more on the impact of black American music in the UK in autumn 1966,
see K. L. Yershon, ‘The R&B Phenomenon’, Record Mirror, 29 October
1966: ‘Sales of R/B records have risen so much that the appearance of
several of them at a time in the National Pop Charts is now quite a regular
occurrence.’ A chronological list of R&B records that made the national
charts between 7 May and 17 October is tabulated: ‘It’s a Man’s World’
[sic], ‘Confusion’, ‘When a Man Loves a Woman’, ‘River Deep – Mountain
High’, ‘Ain’t Too Proud to Beg’, ‘Loving You Is Sweeter Than Ever’,
‘My Lover’s Prayer’, ‘Tell Her I’m Not Home’, ‘Barefootin’’, ‘Warm and
Tender Love’, ‘Headline News’, ‘Working in the Coalmine’, ‘Summertime’,
‘Blowin’ in the Wind’, ‘How Sweet It Is’, ‘I Can’t Turn You Loose’, ‘I
Guess I’ll Always Love You’, ‘Land of 1000 Dances’, ‘You Can’t Hurry
Love’, ‘Little Darlin’ (I Need You)’, ‘Sunny’, ‘Beauty Is Only Skin Deep’,
‘Reach Out I’ll Be There’
‘like orphans in a storm’ and ‘I actually sat down . . .’: Dave Godin, author
interview, February 1995
For UK Stateside label details: 45cat – www.45cat.com/label/stateside
‘How can kids . . .’: Dave Godin, author interview, February 1995
For Count Suckle, see obituary at www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jun/04/
count-suckle
Material about sixties Soul Clubs from Forum on www.soul-source.co.uk/
soulforum/topic/265981-60s-soho-soul-clubs-southern-soul-era. Also
sixtiescity.net/Culture/Soho1.htm
Supplemental information about clubs thanks to Ady Croasdell, email
correspondence with author, 2015
Jeff Dexter, author interview, January 2014
Bill Brewster, interview with Jeff Dexter, February 1999: www.djhistory.com/
interviews/jeff-dexter
‘turned instantly to night . . .’: Rob Finnis, sleeve notes for The UK Sue Label
Story: The World of Guy Stevens (Ace Records, 2004)
Mike Atherton and Tony Rounce, sleeve notes for The UK Sue Label Story
Volume 2: Sue’s Rock’N’Blues (Ace Records, 2004)
‘seemed incredible . . .’: Geoff Green, ‘LONDON: THE SCENE CLUB and
SOHO’, 2 September 2007, jackthatcatwasclean.blogspot.co.uk/2007/09/
london-scene-club-and-soho-thanx-to.html
‘The first night I did . . .’ and ‘I had to keep people dancing’: Bill Sykes, Listen
to This: The Roger Eagle Story, Chapter 3 – ‘The Brazennose Street Twisted
Wheel club (Empire Publications, 2012)
Joe Boy, sleeve notes to Twisted Wheel: Brazennose and Whitworth Street,
Manchester 1963–71 (Charly, 2013)
Island Records details: 45cat – www.45cat.com/label/island
Malcolm Imrie, ‘The Secret Ska History of Stamford Hill’, www.uncarved.org/
blog/2011/08/the-secret-ska-history-of-stamford-hill

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‘a time when genres and pigeonholes . . .’: Ady Croasdell, sleeve notes for The
UK Sue Label Story Volume 3: The Soul of Sue (Ace Records, 2004)
‘Out of the blue I got a five-page telegram . . .’: Dave Godin, author interview,
February 1995
Vicki Wickham, email correspondence, March 2015
Ready Steady Go! programme listings from www.tv.com/shows/ready-steady-
go/episodes
Kingsley Abbott, ‘Launching the Tamla Motown Label: Reminiscences with
Derek Everett’, from Kingsley Abbott (Ed.), Calling Out All Around the
World: A Motown Reader (Helter Skelter, 2001)
‘I went to Manchester Square to meet them . . .’: Jeff Dexter, author interview,
January 2014
Richard Williams, ‘Are You Ready for a Brand New Beat? www.theguardian.
com/music/2005/mar/18/popandrock
Jim Stewart, ‘The UK Concerts’, from Calling Out All Around the World, op.
cit.
‘I was in charge . . .’: Tony Hall on ‘In the Midnight Hour’ and ‘My Girl’,
author interview, March 2015
‘First, the coloured artist . . .’: Rob Finnis, sleeve notes, op. cit.
For John Abbey and blues and soul: www.soulmusic.com/index.
asp?S=1&T=38&ART=2423
David Griffiths, ‘James Brown Live’, Record Mirror, 5 March 1966
Dave Godin, ‘James Brown: The Soul of Mr. Brown’, Record Mirror, 26
March 1966
Tom Wolfe, ‘The Noonday Underground’, in The Pump House Gang (Bantam,
1969)
‘It became boring quite frankly . . .’: Bill Sykes, Listen to This, op. cit., Chapter
4 – ‘The Whitworth Street Twisted Wheel Club’
Re. this accelerated style: it’s possible to fix 1966 as Ground Zero for Northern
Soul. Dave Godin cited the following records as examples of the style that
was in his mind when he coined the term: Billy Butler’s ‘The Right Track’
(March 1966), Darrell Banks’s ‘Open the Door to Your Heart’ (June 1966),
the Velvelettes’ ‘These Things Will Keep Me Loving You 1966’ (August
1966) and the Elgins’ ‘Heaven Must Have Sent You’ (August 1966) (all US
release dates)
‘It was like finding freedom, really . . .’: Jeff Dexter, author interview, January
2014
Orlando Patterson, ‘The Dance Invasion’, New Society, 15 September 1966:
reprinted in The Pop Process, op. cit.
‘Atlantic Making UK Take Notice with Five Hot-Selling Records’, Billboard,
17 September 1966
Uncredited writer, ‘Otis Redding: Mr Cool and the Clique from Memphis’,
Melody Maker, 17 September 1966 – sourced from rocksbackpages.com
Bill Miller, ‘Otis Redding at Tiles’, Soul Music Monthly, October 1966 –
sourced from rocksbackpages.com
Tony Hall, ‘Tony’s Comments on TAMLA SUCCESS’, Record Mirror, 17
October 1966

610
 sources

For data on EMI’s Soul Supply series (on Verve, Liberty, Stateside, etc.):
www.45cat.com/45_search.php?sq=soul+supply+series&sm=se
David Griffiths, ‘Rhythm & Roll’ (Lee Dorsey and Marshall Seehorn talk
about their definition of soul), Record Mirror, 29 October 1966
Dave Godin, ‘SOUL the Reason Why Explained’, letter to Record Mirror, 26
November 1966
Bob Farmer, ‘Why TAMLA’S tops with BRUM, MOD Britain ’67’, Disc and
Music Echo, 26 November 1966
‘Paul Jones in Colour Bar Clash’, Disc and Music Echo, 17 December 1966
‘It was incredible. It hit . . .’: Jeff Dexter, author interview, January 2014
‘Aberfan was no longer a disaster . . .’: Tony Austin, Aberfan: The Story of a
Disaster, Chapter 3 – ‘Friday Afternoon’ (Hutchinson and Co., 1967)
For a description of the disaster: ibid., Chapter 2 – ‘Friday Morning’
‘heard a noise like thunder . . .’: ibid., Chapter – ‘Friday Afternoon’
‘Everyone just froze in their seats . . .’: www.hiraeth.wales/aberfan/the-story-
of-the-disaster
For background of Aberfan: Aberfan: The Story of a Disaster, op. cit., Chapter
1 – ‘A Village in Wales’
Details of The Heart of Show Business (‘All-star concert and tribute to support
“The Aberfan Fund”. Which followed a Welsh mining disaster in 1966 in
which both adults and children were killed’): www.imdb.com/title/tt1169937
‘I wanted to write a modern-day depression song’ and ‘It’s all about people
who weren’t chic enough . . .’: Ray Davies, author interviews 1983/4, from
The Kinks: The Official Biography, op. cit.
Ray Davies, X­Ray, Chapter 16 – ‘Powerman’ (Viking, 1994)
Doug Hinman, entry for October ‘Friday 21st – Saturday 22nd’ 1966, The
Kinks: All Day and All of the Night – Day­by­Day Concerts, Recordings and
Broadcasts, 1961–1996 (Backbeat Books, 2004)
‘It’s a very London song . . .’: Ray Davies, author interviews 1983/4, op. cit.
The ‘Dead End Street’ video can be seen at www.youtube.com/
watch?v=i0WPC-N3UYE
Penny Valentine, ‘Kinks: A Hit, But What About Love?’ Disc and Music
Echo, 19 November 1966
‘There’s nothing funny about old people dying . . .’: ‘“Sick” Kink Film Banned
by “Top of the Pops”’, Disc and Music Echo, 3 December 1966
Jeremy Sandford quotes: www.jeremysandford.org.uk. The following links
are particularly relevant: for Sandford and Nell Dunn’s reverse migration:
www.jeremysandford.org.uk/jsarchive/warp-king-s-road.html. For the
origins of Cathy Come Home: www.jeremysandford.org.uk/jsarchive/warp-
cathy-storyline.html; www.jeremysandford.org.uk/jsarchive/warp-cathy.
html; www.jeremysandford.org.uk/jsarchive/warp-essential-tony-garnett.
html. For its political impact and press coverage: www.jeremysandford.org.
uk/jsarchive/warp-petition-to-parliament.html; www.jeremysandford.org.
uk/jsarchive/warp-press-comment-on-cathy.html; www.jeremysandford.org.
uk/jsarchive/warp-tvs-kleptocracy-1.html; www.jeremysandford.org.uk/
jsarchive/cathy-30today.html; www.jeremysandford.org.uk/jsarchive/warp-
cathy-come-home.html

611
 sources

Derek Paget, ‘“Cathy Come Home” and “Accuracy” in British Television

Drama’, www.reading.ac.uk/web/FILES/ftt/PagetPublications.pdf
George W. Brandt (Ed.), British Television Drama, Chapter 8 – ‘Jeremy
Sandford’ by Martin Banham (Cambridge University Press, 1981)
Statement of Minister for Housing Anthony Greenwood in House of Commons,
15 December 1966: hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1966/dec/15/
housing-subsidies-bill#S5CV0738P0_19661215_HOC_243
Ken Loach, Cathy Come Home (BFI Archive Television DVD, 1996)
Jeremy Sandford, Cathy Come Home (Pan Paperbacks, 1967)
‘People are part of my music . . .’: Brian Wilson, ‘This Is Brian Wilson. He
Is a Beach Boy. Some Say He Is More. Some Say He Is a Beach Boy and
a Genius’, Go!, July 1966; republished in Dominic Priore, Look! Listen!
Vibrate! Smile! (Surfin’ Colours Production, 1988)
Mike Love on ‘Good Vibrations’ in the style of James Brown: Rob Hughes,
‘The Making of . . . The Beach Boys’ “Good Vibrations”’, Uncut, June 2007
For details of the ‘Good Vibrations’ sessions: Craig Slowinski and Alan Boyd,
notes for Disc 5, ‘The Beach Boys – SMiLE Sessionography’, The Beach
Boys SMiLE Sessions (Capitol 5 CD set, 2011)
Jim Delehant, ‘Dennis Wilson: We Just Want to Be a Good Group’, Hit
Parader, June 1967
Derek Taylor, ‘LOST: Beach Boys’ Tape for Their Next Single’, Disc and
Music Echo, 1 October 1966
‘Beach Boys have a giant . . .’: Derek Taylor, ‘Our Man in America’, Disc and
Music Echo, 22 October 1966
‘The Beach Boys are lucky . . .’: undated interview republished in Look!
Listen! Vibrate! Smile!, op. cit.
‘I know that in some circles . . .’: ibid.
‘hard work . . .’: Derek Taylor, As Time Goes By, Chapter 4 – ‘About 1965–8 –
Written 1970. Leonard’ (Davis-Poynter, 1973)
Tony Asher quotes re. uncontrollable anger and Wilson paranoia: Steven
Gaines, Heroes and Villains: The True Story of the Beach Boys, Chapters 7
and 8 (New American Library, 1986)
‘Brian was forever staring into the mirror . . .’: Derek Taylor, Fifty Years
Adrift, op. cit., p. 266
‘The idea is simple and spiritual . . .’: Dennis Wilson interview, Rave, January
1967
Tony Asher re. childhood memory: Dominic Priore, SMiLE: The Story of
Brian Wilson’s Lost Masterpiece, Chapter 5 – ‘Good, Good, Good, Good
Vibrations’ (Sanctuary, 2005)
Tom Nolan, ‘The Frenzied Frontier of Pop Music’, Los Angeles Times WEST
magazine, 27 November 1966
For Beach Boys cover: Disc and Music Echo, 5 November 1966; Record
Mirror put them on the cover of their 19 November issue
For poll result: ‘Beatles Beaten!’, Record Mirror, 29 October 1966
‘World Winners & Losers’, Record Mirror, 5 November 1966
Derek Taylor, ‘Beach Boys – Maverick Millionaires!’ Disc and Music Echo, 22
October 1966

612
 sources

Ray Coleman, ‘Beach Boys Blitz Britain!’ Disc and Music Echo, 12 November
1966
Nick Jones and David Griffiths, ‘On Stage? Carl Wilson Talks about the Sound
Problems that Face the Beach Boys’, Record Mirror, 12 November 1966
‘a glorious, naive and spontaneous coming together . . .’: Fifty Years Adrift, op.
cit., p. 277
‘They’re calling out the sheriff . . .’: Tandyn Almer, ‘Sunset Strip Soliloquy’,
KRLA Beat, 22 October 1966
‘Republican Resurgence’, Time, 18 November 1966
‘Now the President’s popularity . . .’: ‘G.O.P ’66: Back on the Map’,
Newsweek, 21 November 1966
Clay Carson, ‘Election Reveals Democrats’ Weakness’, Los Angeles Free Press,
18 November 1966
Andrew E. Busch, ‘1966 Midterm Foreshadows Republican Era’, ashbrook.
org/publications/oped-busch-06-1966
‘sexual misconduct’: Ronald Reagan’s ‘The Morality Gap at Berkeley’ speech at
Cow Palace, 12 May 1966 – see The Right Moment, op. cit., Chapter 9 – ‘The
Search for Order’, and Michelle Reeves, ‘“Obey the Rules or Get Out”’, op. cit.
Robert Cohen, ‘Mario Savio and Berkeley’s “Little Free Speech Movement”
of 1966’, in Robert Cohen and Reginald E. Zelnik (Eds), The Free Speech
Movement, op. cit., Part IV – ‘Aftermath’
‘The button had been pushed . . .’: Art Kunkin, ‘Daily Newspapers Distort
Meaning of Youth Protest Against Police Acts’, Los Angeles Free Press, 18
November 1966
‘formed into groups and began . . .’: ibid.
Terry W. Bales, ‘Angry Owners of Plush Sunset Strip Clubs Hope to Prevent
More Riots’, unattributed clipping dated 14 November 1966 from Ralph
Gleason files
‘A Riot on Sunset Strip’, San Francisco Chronicle, 14 November 1966
‘In People Are Talking About . . .’, KRLA Beat, 6 November 1966
Jules Siegel, ‘Surf, Wheels & Free Souls’, Saturday Evening Post, 19
November 1966. The ‘Superlungs’ reference is to a song recorded by
Donovan that year; it would not be released, in a different version, until 1969
‘to get them out, their parents must sign for them’: Roger Vaughan, ‘The Mad
New Scene on Sunset Strip’, Life, 26 August 1966
For Victory Girls: www.faqs.org/childhood/Th-W/Victory-Girls.html
For the 3 November interview: ‘There’s Battle Lines Bein’ Drawn’, in Riot on
Sunset Strip, op. cit.
‘Hollywood Division Police Commander States Views’, Los Angeles Free Press,
18 November 1966
‘two groups of businessmen fighting each other’: Kunkin, op. cit.
‘Gestapo Gestapo’: Mike Davis, ‘Riot Nights on Sunset Strip’, journals.hil.
unb.ca/index.php/LLT/article/viewFile/5848/6853
‘seemed to be in a state of panic’, ‘used shocking language’ and ‘that it takes
intelligence . . .’: Kunkin, op. cit.
Jules Siegel, ‘The New Sound: Tune In, Turn On, and Take Over’, Village
Voice, 17 November 1966

613
 sources

‘Ken Kesey and the Great Pumpkin’, San Francisco Oracle, issue 3, November
1966
‘Book Raid: “Obscene Poetry” and a Big Fuss’, San Francisco Chronicle, 16
November 1966
Donovan Bess, ‘“Love Book” Arrest at City Lights’, San Francisco Chronicle,
18 November 1966
K-RON TV, ‘The Psychedelic Shop Gets Raided’, diva.sfsu.edu/collections/
sfbatv/bundles/210733
Lenore Kandel, The Love Book (Stolen Paper Review Editions, San Francisco,
1966)
Ken Hunt, ‘Lenore Kandel: Beat Poet Whose “The Love Book” Fell Victim to
One of San Francisco’s Longest Ever Court Cases’, www.independent.co.uk/
news/obituaries/lenore-kandel-beat-poet-whose-the-love-book-fell-victim-to-
one-of-san-franciscos-longest-ever-court-cases-1837947.html
Julian Guthrie, ‘Lenore Kandel – “The Love Book” Author – Dies’, www.
sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Lenore-Kandel-The-Love-Book-author-
dies-3212680.php
Lenore Kandel, ‘With Love’, San Francisco Oracle, issue 4, 12 December 1966
Lee Meyerzone, ‘Kandel and McClure: Oracles of Love’, ibid.
For the CLEAN campaign: Josh A. Sides, ‘Sexual Propositions: The Bedroom
and the Ballot’, Boom: A Journal of California, vol. 1, pp. 30–43, fall 2011
Brian Carr, ‘Police Mobilize as Teen Unrest Continues on Strip’, Los Angeles
Free Press, 25 November 1966
‘Some of the demonstrators . . .’: uncredited front-page article, ibid.
‘The missing element of excitement . . .’: Brian Carr, op. cit.
Derek Taylor on CAFF: As Time Goes By, op. cit., Chapter 5 – About 1965–68
– Written 1970. New Chapter’
‘New Teen Rioting on Sunset Strip’, San Francisco Sunday Examiner and
Chronicle, 20 November 1966
‘there was no plan or purpose . . .’ and ‘Man, the kids have had it’: Mike
Davis, ‘Riot Nights on Sunset Strip’, op. cit.
For details of ‘Fire’ recording: Craig Slowinski and Alan Boyd,
‘Sessionography, Disc 1’, The SMiLE Sessions – The Beach Boys, op. cit.
Jules Siegel, ‘Goodbye Surfing, Hello God’, Cheetah, vol 1, no. 1, October 1967
Brian Wilson, ‘Pop Think In’, Melody Maker, 8 October 1966
‘The mirrors into which Brian Wilson looks . . .’: Derek Taylor, ‘Paul Drops
in at a BEACH BOYS Recording Session’, Disc and Music Echo, 22 April
1967; reproduced in Look! Listen! Vibrate! Smile! op. cit.
‘dwarf Watts to a tea party’: Lawrence Lipton, ‘Radio Free America’, Los
Angeles Free Press, 25 November 1966
‘If this powder keg is ignored . . .’: Brian Carr, op. cit.

chapter 12
‘It’s pretty obvious . . .’: Tony Hall, ‘My Scene’, Record Mirror, 3 December
1966
‘happy to be photographed raiding the Carnaby Street boutiques’: this
continued until late 1966; see, for instance, ‘Faces in Air Drama’, front cover

614
 sources

of Disc and Music Echo, 3 December 1966

Richard Green, ‘Steve Admits What the Group REALLY Thought of ‘“Sha La
La La Lee”’, Record Mirror, 10 September 1966
Chris Welch on Small Faces: Melody Maker, 10 September 1966; reproduced
in Small Faces & Faces: The Ultimate Music Guide (Uncut Ultimate Guide
Series, issue 9, October 2013)
Dawn James, ‘Little Stevie Wonders . . .’, Rave, November 1966
Penny Valentine, ‘Small Faces: Their Biggest Hit Yet’, Disc and Music Echo,
12 November 1966
For the controversy about the 150-year-old hymn: ‘Cheek of the Small Faces’,
Disc and Music Echo, 3 December 1966
For Don Arden and the premature release of ‘My Mind’s Eye’: Paolo Hewitt
and John Hellier, Steve Marriott: All Too Beautiful . . . (Helter Skelter, 2009)
For change of management etc.: ‘Small Faces Bid’, Disc and Music Echo, 10
December 1966
Nick Jones, ‘Small Faces in a Tight Green Circle’, Melody Maker, 17
December 1966
Keith Altham on Small Faces: NME, 16 September 1966; reproduced in Small
Faces & Faces, op. cit.
Dawn James, ‘In My Mind’s Eye . . . The Pop Scene Seen by Steve Marriott’,
Rave, December 1966
‘Very few people are ahead . . .’: Nick Jones, ‘The Folk Flavour of Today’,
Melody Maker, 3 December 1966
‘Tamla – Tom Jones too Switch?’, ibid.
Richard Green, ‘When Rock Went Country’, Record Mirror, 3 December 1966
‘How Miner’s Son Tom Struck Gold’, Disc and Music Echo, 7 January 1967;
for more info: www.tomjones.com
‘It’s a Square Whirl: Where Have All the Hippies Gone? Asks Pete
Townshend’, Disc and Music Echo, 3 December 1966
‘Doonican – Square Route to the Top!’ Disc and Music Echo, 26 November
1966
Nick Jones, ‘The Folk Flavour of Today’, op. cit.
Chris Welch, ‘Progressive Pop’, ibid.
‘Too Old at 25’, Melody Maker, 3 December 1966
Unemployment figures: ‘Britain: Still Freezing’, Time, 9 December 1966
Gene Farmer, ‘Shrinking Pains of Mini-England’, Life (international edition),
26 December 1966
‘We hate the Swinging London scene’: Dawn James, ‘The Little Drummer
Boy’, Rave, December 1966
‘Antonioni’s Hypnotic Eye on a Frantic World’, interview with Nadine Laber,
Life, 27 January 1967
‘Move Threatened’, Disc and Music Echo, 24 December 1966
Picture of Brian Jones in SS uniform: ‘Raving Reports’, Rave, January 1967
Bob Farmer, ‘Pirate Ships Shake-Up: Deejays Overboard’, Disc and Music
Echo, 10 December 1966
Ready Steady Go!: ‘Another Pop Show Bites the Dust’, Disc and Music Echo,
19 November 1966

615
 sources

Tony Hall, ‘The Era Is Over’, Record Mirror, 19 November 1966

For R. W. Lightup letter and responses: ‘My Scene by Tony Hall’, Record
Mirror, 3, 17 and 24 December 1966
Bob Farmer, ‘Mod Britain 67?: Swinging London?’ Disc and Music Echo, 24
December 1966
Bowie review in Penny Valentine, ‘Penny Spins the Singles’, Record Mirror, 3
December 1966
Dawn James, ‘A Bird’s Eye View of Stevie Winwood’, Rave, January 1967
Keith Altham, ‘Ronnie Lane Interview’, NME, 16 September 1966; reproduced
in Small Faces & Faces, op. cit.
Zoot Money, ‘This Music Is Valid’, letters to Melody Maker, 3 December 1966
Chris Welch and Bob Dawbarn, ‘Psychedelic the New In Word . . . And What
It Really Adds Up to Is the Great American Comeback’, Melody Maker, 22
October 1966
David Griffiths’s review of the Misunderstood: ‘Psychedelic – 15 Years Ago &
Now’, Record Mirror, 24 December 1966
Gene Sculatti on ‘San Francisco Bay Rock’ in Crawdaddy! issue 6, November
1966, and Tim Jurgens, review of Jefferson Airplane Takes Off, Crawdaddy!
issue 7, January 1967
‘more than the ridiculous 20 minutes . . .: ‘What Goes On?’ Crawdaddy! issue
7, January 1967
Tony Hall on Hendrix, ‘Striking Visual Performer’, Record Mirror, 10
December 1966
Peter Jones, ‘Mr. Phenomenon’, ibid.
For Hendrix’s launch at Blaise’s: jasobrecht.com/jimi-hendrix-in-london
‘Superman Donovan Strikes Again!’ Disc and Music Echo, 17 December 1966
‘Rave-Elations’, Rave, January 1967
‘a long word to keep masses . . .’: Letters, Melody Maker, 3 December 1966
Ray Davies, interview with Jon Savage, 1984
‘it needs the Beatles . . . to sort things out’: Penny Valentine, ‘WHO Boss
Attacks Beach Boys’, Disc and Music Echo, 24 December 1966
‘Young people are measuring . . .’: ‘Not Respectable Now Say Stones’, KRLA
Beat, 5 November 1966
David Riesman quote in ‘Man of the Year’, Time, 6 January 1967
John Wilcock, ‘John Wilcock’s Other Seens’, International Times, no. 5, 12–25
December 1966
‘Turned-on Way of Life’, Newsweek, 28 November 1966
‘help your professors . . .’: ‘Timothy Leary’s Press Conference at the Fairmont
Hotel, San Francisco, December 12, 1966’, San Francisco Oracle, issue 4, 16
December 1966
Kenneth Allsop, ‘Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out’, The Spectator, 9 December
1966; reprinted in The Pop Process, op. cit., Chapter 4 – ‘Sources of Fashion:
the Audience’
For the Velvet Underground Midwest dates: olivier.landemaine.free.fr/vu/
live/1965-66/perf6566.html
For the Cashbox review: olivier.landemaine.free.fr/vu/discog/singles/singles.html
The 4 November Valley Dale Ballroom show is on Discs 5 and 6 of The Velvet

616
 sources

Underground & Nico (45th Anniversary Super Deluxe Edition), op. cit.
‘Lovin’ Spoonful Scandal’, Mojo Navigator, no. 14, April 1967
Steve Boone with Tony Moss, Hotter Than a Match Head: Life on the Run
with the Lovin’ Spoonful, Chapter 6 – ‘Pow!’ (ECW Press, 2014)
Paul Drummond, Eye Mind, op. cit., Chapter 10 – ‘Psychedelic Sounds Of’,
and sleeve notes to Sign of the Three Eyed Men, op. cit.
Mick Rogers, Freakout on Sunset Strip, op. cit., Chapter 16 – ‘Turning On’
Richard Alpert, ‘Leary Press Conference’, San Francisco Oracle, issue 4,
December 1966
Bob Chamberlain, ‘. . . it’s-the-on-ly-ra-dio-sta-tion-that’s-ne-ver-off-the-air
. . .’, Aspen Fab issue, vol. 1, no. 3, December 1966
‘Country Joe and the Fish Interview’, Mojo Navigator, no. 11, 22 November
1966
‘San Francisco’s contribution to the music scene . . .’: Letters, ibid.
Michael McCausland, ‘Fillmore Billy Rides Again’, San Francisco Oracle,
issue 4, December 1966
Singles reviews in Mojo Navigator, no. 12, 22 December 1966
Gleason column reprinted in ‘Report from San Francisco’, Crawdaddy! no. 8,
March 1967
Chet Helms/Bill Graham letters in Mojo Navigator, no. 11, 22 November 1966
‘Mojo Banned from Fillmore’, Mojo Navigator, no. 10, 8 November 1966
Joel Fort, ‘Methedrine Use and Abuse in San Francisco’, San Francisco
Oracle, issue 4, December 1966
‘an old cunt rag of misinformation . . .’; Letters, San Francisco Oracle, issue 3,
8 November 1966
George Metesky, ‘The Ideology of Failure’ (Berkeley Barb, 18 November 1966),
and Zapata, ‘In Search of a Frame’ (Berkeley Barb, 25 November 1966),
both at www.diggers.org/chrono_diggers.asp
‘A visitor to the Diggers’ Page Street garage . . .’: Steve Leiper, ‘At the Handle
of the Kettle’, San Francisco Oracle, issue 4, December 1966
For the 10 December Sunset Strip demonstration, the placards and the Paul
Jay Robbins quote: Mike Davis, ‘Riot Nights on Sunset Strip’, collected in
In Praise of Barbarians (Haymarket Books, 2007)
Sonny and Cher pictured in ‘16 Jailed in New Protest on “Strip”’, San
Francisco Chronicle, 12 December 1966
For Teddy and Darrel: historysdumpster.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/teddy-darrel.
html and ukjarry.blogspot.co.uk/2010/01/356-camp-comedy-cash-in-records.
html
Jeff Jarema, A Trip Down the Sunset Trip, sleeve notes to Sundazed reissue
(2006); originally released on Viva Records US/Fontana Records UK (1967)
Stephen Stills quote: Riot on Sunset Strip, op. cit.
‘Dear Editor’ letter by Mrs Grethe Hansen, The Royal’s World Countdown,
vol. 2, no. 1, December 1966
‘the whole rotten issue of the Old v. the Young’: As Time Goes By, op. cit.,
Chapter 5: About 1965–68 – Written 1970. New Chapter’
‘The fact remains that there are two factions . . .’: Jerry Hopkins, untitled
column, The Royal’s World Countdown, op. cit.

617
 sources

‘A prophetic minority creates . . .’: Jack Newfield, A Prophetic Minority

(Anthony Blond, 1967)
For demographic bulge: ‘Youth ’66: The Open Generation’, Look, 20
September 1966
The Dirksen record: ‘People’, Time, 30 December 1966
‘cruel and chaotic’: ‘The American Way of War’, Newsweek, 5 December 1966
‘Defense: Refilling the Pool’, Time, 11 November 1966
‘They shouldn’t accelerate and accelerate’: Jack Shephard, ‘“Are You a Teen-
Ager?” “Yeah I’m Afraid So”’, Look, 20 September 1966
‘Teen Panel: War: Anti-American or Anti-Hypocrisy’, KRLA Beat, 8 October
1966
‘Youth Questions the War’, reprinted in ‘Man of the Year’, Time, 6 January
1967
‘dimming’: ‘The Dimming of the Dream’, Time, 9 December 1966
Jack Newfield, A Prophetic Minority, reviewed in Newsweek, 14 December
1966
‘the first products of liberal affluence’: A Prophetic Minority, op. cit., Chapter
1 – ‘The Movement’
‘the impulse to rebel will continue . . .’: ibid., Chapter 9 – ‘The Future’
‘The best of the SDS organisers are asking . . .’: ibid., Chapter 8 – ‘The
Generation Gap’
Robert Cohen and Reginald E. Zelnik, The Free Speech Movement, op. cit.,
Part IV – ‘Aftermath’, chapter entitled ‘Mario Savio and Berkeley’s “Little
Free Speech” Movement of 1966’
‘No one is compelled to attend the university . . .’: ‘Education: Universities:
Sad Scenes at Berkeley’, Time, 9 December 1966
‘Guidelines to Berkeley’, letters to Time magazine, 30 December 1966, by
N. Donald Diebel and Henri Temianka respectively
Michelle Reeves, ‘“Obey the Rules or Get Out”’, op. cit.
‘Berkeley Explodes Again: This Time It’s War’, International Times, no. 5,
12–25 December 1966
For more student unrest: ‘Aberrations at Harvard’, Time, 18 November 1966;
‘Bad Days at Berkeley’, Newsweek, 12 December 1966; and ‘Uneasy Truce
at Berkeley’, Newsweek, 19 December 1966
LSE protest: ‘Berkeley-on-Thames’, Newsweek, 5 December 1966
Jonathan Leake, ‘Teen Revolt’, Resurgence Youth Movement magazine,
undated, late 1966
Benn Morea, ‘The Total Revolution’, Black Mask, no. 2, December 1966
Raoul Vaneigem, The Totality for Kids, translated by Christopher Gray and
Philippe Vissac (Christopher Gray, July 1966)
Christopher Gray and Charles Radcliffe, ‘Editorial: All or Not at All’,
Heatwave, no. 2, October 1966
For more on the Situationists and the events at Strasbourg University
in November and December 1966, see Charles Radcliffe, ‘Two Fiery
Flying Rolls: The Heatwave Story, 1966–1970’, in Charles Radcliffe
and Franklin Rosemont, Dancing in the Streets: Anarchists, IWWs,
Surrealists, Situationists & Provos in the 1960s (Charles H. Kerr, 2005);

618
 sources

Raoul Vaneigem, The Revolution of Everyday Life (Rebel Press, 1983); Guy
Debord, Society of the Spectacle (Black and Red, 1970); Michele Bernstein’s
‘The Situationist International’, originally published in the Times
Literary Supplement, 2 September 1964, reproduced at www.notbored.
org/the-SI.html; Stephen Canfield and Robert Peterson, ‘The Return of
the Durutti Column by Andre Bertrand’, Eastern Illinois University,
at detournementexhibition.org/durutti.php; Jean-Michel Mension, The
Tribe (City Lights, 2001); ‘De La Misere En Milieu Etudiant’, A.F.G.E.S.,
November 1966, translated by Christopher Gray as Ten Days That Shook the
University (Situationist International, 1967) – with ‘Postscript: if you make a
social revolution, do it for fun’
‘Everybody can go around . . .’: Leonard Gross, ‘John Lennon: Beatle on His
Own’, Look, 23 December 1966
For Beatles ‘door-stop’ interviews and ‘Are the Beatles on the Way Out Now?’
headline: ‘Reporting ’66’, ITN, transmitted 28 December 1966; footage at
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZtDwFJ8ps0I
Beatles interviews transcribed on www.beatlesinterviews.org
‘everything we’ve done so far has been rubbish . . .’: 11 November 1966 Don
Short interview, collected in Keith Badman, The Beatles: Off the Record
(Omnibus Press, 2000)
Derek Taylor, ‘The Beatles Are Dead? Long Live the Beatles!’ Melody Maker,
26 November 1966
Geoff Emerick and Howard Massey, Here, There and Everywhere: My Life
Recording the Music of the Beatles, Chapter 8 – ‘It’s Wonderful to Be Here,
It’s Certainly a Thrill: Sgt. Pepper Begins’ (Gotham Books, 2007)
For the evolution of ‘Strawberry Fields Forever’: www.beatlesebooks.com/
strawberry-fields-forever; for day-to-day entries regarding Beatles activities:
www.beatlesbible.com (for 24 November 1966 onwards); and bootlegs like
Nothing Is Real (Op8 Music)
‘psychoanalysis set to music’: Lennon interview from 1970, collected in Brian
Roylance, ‘How I Won the War’, The Beatles Anthology (Weidenfeld &
Nicholson, 2001)
Kenneth Allsop, ‘Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out’, The Spectator, 9 December
1966; reprinted in The Pop Process, op. cit., Chapter 4 – ‘Sources of Fashion:
The Audience’
‘I found that I couldn’t cut the tape . . .’: Here, There and Everywhere, op. cit.,
Chapter 8 – ‘It’s Wonderful to Be Here, It’s Certainly a Thrill: Sgt. Pepper
Begins’
Keith Altham, ‘Who’s For A Merry Xmas!’, NME, 24 December 1966
UFO: Barry Miles, ‘UFO’, in In the Sixties, op. cit.
Julian Palacios, Lost in the Woods, op. cit., Stage Two – ‘The Wild Wood (1966)’
Rob Chapman, Syd Barrett, op. cit., Chapter 3 – ‘Flicker Flicker Blam Blam
Pow’
‘You’d drop acid and arrive blotto . . .’: Pigs Might Fly, op. cit., Chapter 3 – ‘A
Strange Hobby’
Jeff Dexter quote: DJ History interview at www.djhistory.com/interviews/jeff-
dexter

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 sources

Author interviews with John Hopkins, May 2012, and Peter Jenner, January
2015
Time quote re. most prosperous year in US history: ‘The Economy: The Year
of Tight Money and Where It Will Lead’, 30 December 1966
‘Santa ’66: Fattest of All’, Newsweek, 5 December 1966
‘Road Toll Is Mounting’, Evening Standard, 24 December 1966
‘225 Hurt on Roads at Week-End’, Scotsman, 27 December 1966
Tom Jones clip: www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p012gfg4
‘Xmas Pop Guide to Viewing & Listening’, NME, 24 December 1966
‘BBC’s “Alice” for Adults Only’, Life (international edition), 26 December 1966
Horace Judson, ‘A Study of “Classic Textbook Psychoses”’, interview with
Jonathan Miller, Life (international edition), 26 December 1966
Hitchcock quote from nofilmschool.com/2014/03/breaking-down-the-crop-
duster-scene-from-hitchcocks-north-by-northwest
Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland, Kindle edition
For both the Association and Tim Hardin reviews: Penny Valentine, ‘Penny
Spins the Discs’, Record Mirror, 10 December 1966
Tony Hall on Tim Hardin: ‘My Scene’, Record Mirror, 31 December 1966
‘1966 Singles to Remember’, Melody Maker, 3 December 1966
Penny Valentine, ‘Vintage Year for New Sounds’, Disc and Music Echo, 24
December 1966
Richard Green, ‘The Ups and Downs of the U.S. Charts’, Record Mirror, 31
December 1966
Richard Green on the UK charts: ‘Giants of ’66’, Record Mirror, 31 December
1966
Maureen Cleave, ‘The Year Pop Went Flat’, Evening Standard, 29 December
1966; reproduced in The Pop Process, op. cit., Chapter 6 – ‘A Case History:
Protest Music’
For details of Beatles activities on 29 and 30 December: www.beatlesbible.com
Peter Jenner, author interview January 2015
The UK launch of the Monkees: monkeestv.tripod.com/Monkees_UKTV.html
For accounts of Psychedelicamania: Julian Palacios, Lost in the Woods, op.
cit., Stage Two – ‘The Wild Wood (1966)’; www.sydbarrettpinkfloyd.
com/2009/12/roundhouse-psychedelicamania-december.html; www.
rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/the-who-the-move-pink-floyd-the-
roundhouse-chalk-farm-london
For ‘Dark Magic’: David Fricke, sleeve notes to Moby Grape Live (Sundazed,
2010)

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