1.

Creating numpy arrays

a)Python program to demonstrate basic ndarray

import numpy as np

1.Creating array object

arr = np.array( [[ 1, 2, 3],

[ 4, 2, 5]] )

print(arr) ;

2.Printing type of arr object

print("Array is of type: ", type(arr))

3.Printing array dimensions (axes)

print("No. of dimensions: ", arr.ndim)

4.Printing shape of array

print("Shape of array: ", arr.shape)

5.Printing size (total number of elements) of array

print("Size of array: ", arr.size)

6.Printing type of elements in array

print("Array stores elements of type: ", arr.dtype)

Output :

[[ 1, 2, 3],

[ 4, 2, 5]]

Array is of type: <class 'numpy.ndarray'>

No. of dimensions: 2

Shape of array: (2, 3)

Size of array: 6

Array stores elements of type: int64

b)python program to demonstrate array of zeros

1.creating single dimensional array

import numpy as np

array_1d = np.zeros(3)

print(array_1d)

Output:

[0. 0. 0.]

Notice that the elements are having the default data type as the float. That’s why the zeros are 0.

2. Creating Multi-dimensional array

import numpy as np

array_2d = np.zeros((2, 3))

print(array_2d)

Output:

[[0. 0. 0.]

[0. 0. 0.]]

3. NumPy zeros array with int data type

import numpy as np

array_2d_int = np.zeros((2, 3), dtype=int)

print(array_2d_int)

Output:

[[0 0 0]

[0 0 0]]
4. NumPy Array with Tuple Data Type and Zeroes

We can specify the array elements as a tuple and specify their data types too.

import numpy as np

array_mix_type = np.zeros((2, 2), dtype=[('x', 'int'), ('y', 'float')])

print(array_mix_type)

print(array_mix_type.dtype)

Output:

[[(0, 0.) (0, 0.)]

[(0, 0.) (0, 0.)]]

[('x', '<i8'), ('y', '<f8')]

c) python program to demonstrate array of ones

1. Creating one-dimensional array with ones

import numpy as np

array_1d = np.ones(3)

print(array_1d)

Output:

[1. 1. 1.]

Notice that the elements are having the default data type as the float. That’s why the ones are 1. in the
array.

2. Creating Multi-dimensional array

import numpy as np

array_2d = np.ones((2, 3))

print(array_2d)

Output:
[[1. 1. 1.]

[1. 1. 1.]]

3. NumPy ones array with int data type

import numpy as np

array_2d_int = np.ones((2, 3), dtype=int)

print(array_2d_int)

Output:

[[1 1 1]

[1 1 1]]

4. NumPy Array with Tuple Data Type and Ones

We can specify the array elements as a tuple and specify their data types too.

import numpy as np

array_mix_type = np.ones((2, 2), dtype=[('x', 'int'), ('y', 'float')])

print(array_mix_type)

print(array_mix_type.dtype)

Output:

[[(1, 1.) (1, 1.)]

[(1, 1.) (1, 1.)]]

[('x', '<i8'), ('y', '<f8')]

d) python program to demonstrate random numbers in ndarray

1.using randint

import numpy as np

# if the shape is not mentioned the output will just be a random integer in the given range

rand_int = np.random.randint(5,10)
print("First array", rand_int)

rand_int2 = np.random.randint(10,90,(4,5)) # random numpy array of shape (4,5)

print("Second array", rand_int2)

rand_int3 = np.random.randint(50,75,(2,2), dtype='int64')

print("Third array", rand_int3)

Output:

First array 7

Second array [[86 10 37 84 40]

[66 49 29 73 37]

[39 87 36 20 87]

[76 86 89 69 50]]

Third array [[74 73]

[71 50]]

2.using randn

import numpy as np

rand_n = np.random.randn() # outputs a single floating point number

print("First array", rand_n)

rand_n2 = np.random.randn(4,5) # outputs an 4x5 array filled with random floating point numbers

print("Second array", rand_n2)

Output:

First array -0.16000824895754412

Second array [[ 1.50870984 -0.30902038 -0.93408267 2.85782319 1.28046521]

[-0.42138647 -0.0910151 -2.24334255 0.06135505 -0.11190143]

[-0.45479495 -0.80909493 -0.46962061 0.21875305 0.45955272]

[ 0.31418762 0.66268862 -0.27700588 -0.5103291 -0.68195657]]

3.using rand

import numpy as np

rand = np.random.rand() # outputs single floating-point value .

print("First array", rand)

rand2 = np.random.rand(3,2) # outputs an 3x2 array filled with random floating point values.

print("Second array", rand2)

Output:

First array 0.7578858928993336

Second array [[0.15647101 0.13870584]

[0.89344256 0.68226333]

[0.46247578 0.09658549]]

e)python program to demonstrate array of your choice

import numpy as np

# create an array of integers from 1 to 5

array1 = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

# choose a random number from array1

random_choice = np.random.choice(array1)

print(random_choice)

# Output: 3

Code:

f)python program to demonstrate matrix in numpy

import numpy as np

#creating matrix from string

A = np.matrix('1 2 3; 4 5 6')
print("Array created using string is :\n", A)

Output:

1.

import numpy as np

arr = np.arange(0,10,2,float)

print(arr)

Output:

[0. 2. 4. 6. 8.]

2.

import numpy as np

arr = np.arange(10,100,5,int)

print("The array over the given range is ",arr

Output:

The array over the given range is [10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95]

2.The shape and Reshaping of numpy array

a) python program to demonstrate dimensions, shape and size of numpy array

import numpy as np

1.Creating array object

arr = np.array( [[ 1, 2, 3],

[ 4, 2, 5]] )

print(arr) ;
2.Printing type of arr object

print("Array is of type: ", type(arr))

3.Printing array dimensions (axes)

print("No. of dimensions: ", arr.ndim)

4.Printing shape of array

print("Shape of array: ", arr.shape)

5.Printing size (total number of elements) of array

print("Size of array: ", arr.size)

6.Printing type of elements in array

print("Array stores elements of type: ", arr.dtype)

Output :

[[ 1, 2, 3],

[ 4, 2, 5]]

Array is of type: <class 'numpy.ndarray'>

No. of dimensions: 2

Shape of array: (2, 3)

Size of array: 6

Array stores elements of type: int64

b) reshaping numpy array

import numpy as np

a_1d = np.arange(3)

print(a_1d)

Output

# [0 1 2]
a_2d = np.arange(12).reshape((3, 4))

print(a_2d)

Output

# [[ 0 1 2 3]

# [ 4 5 6 7]

# [ 8 9 10 11]]

a_3d = np.arange(24).reshape((2, 3, 4))

print(a_3d)

Output

# [[[ 0 1 2 3]

# [ 4 5 6 7]

# [ 8 9 10 11]]

# [[12 13 14 15]

# [16 17 18 19]

# [20 21 22 23]]]

c) flattening numpy array

1.Using flatten() method example with a multidimensional array

import numpy as np

a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])

b = a.flatten()

print(b)

Output:

[1 2 3 4]
2.Using numpy flatten() method to flatten an array using column-major order

import numpy as np

a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])

b = a.flatten(order='F')

print(b)

Output:

[1 3 2 4]

d) transposing numpy array

import numpy as np

arr1 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])

print(f'Original Array:\n{arr1}')

arr1_transpose = arr1.transpose()

print(f'Transposed Array:\n{arr1_transpose}')

Output:

Original Array:

[[1 2 3]

[4 5 6]]

Transposed Array:

[[1 4]

[2 5]

[3 6]]
3.Expanding and squeezing numpy array

a)Expanding numpy array

# import numpy

import numpy as np

# using Numpy.expand_dims() method

gfg = np.array([1, 2])

print(gfg.shape)

gfg = np.expand_dims(gfg, axis = 0)

print(gfg.shape)

Output :

(2, )

(1, 2)

# import numpy

import numpy as np

# using Numpy.expand_dims() method

gfg = np.array([[1, 2], [7, 8]])

print(gfg.shape)

gfg = np.expand_dims(gfg, axis = 0)

print(gfg.shape)

Output :

(2, 2)

(1, 2, 2)
b) squeezing numpy array

import numpy as np

x = np.arange(9).reshape(1,3,3)

print 'Array X:'

print x

print '\n'

y = np.squeeze(x)

print 'Array Y:'

print y

print '\n'

print 'The shapes of X and Y array:'

print x.shape, y.shape

Array X:

[[[0 1 2]

[3 4 5]

[6 7 8]]]

Array Y:

[[0 1 2]

[3 4 5]

[6 7 8]]

The shapes of X and Y array:

(1, 3, 3) (3, 3)
c) sorting numpy array

# importing libraries

import numpy as np

# sort along the first axis

a = np.array([[12, 15], [10, 1]])

arr1 = np.sort(a, axis = 0)

print ("Along first axis : \n", arr1)

# sort along the last axis

a = np.array([[10, 15], [12, 1]])

arr2 = np.sort(a, axis = -1)

print ("\nAlong first axis : \n", arr2)

a = np.array([[12, 15], [10, 1]])

arr1 = np.sort(a, axis = None)

print ("\nAlong none axis : \n", arr1)

Output :

Along first axis :

[[10 1]

[12 15]]

Along first axis :

[[10 15]

[ 1 12]]

Along none axis :

[ 1 10 12 15]
4.Indexing and slicing numpy array

a) slicing ID arrays

# import numpy module

import numpy as np

# Create NumPy arrays

arr = np.array([3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 18, 22])

# Use slicing to get 1-D arrays elements

arr2 = arr[1:6]

print(arr2)

# OutPut

# [ 5 7 9 11 15]

# Starting position from 3 to the end

arr2 = arr[3:]

print(arr2)

# Output

# [ 9 11 15 18 22]

# Returns first 5 values (0 to 4 index)

arr2 = arr[:5]

print(arr2)

# Output

# [ 3 5 7 9 11]

# Use step value to get elements

arr2 = arr[::3]

print(arr2)

# Output
#[ 3 9 18]

# Use negative slicing to get elements

arr2 = arr[-4:-2]

print(arr2)

# Output

# [11 15]

# Use slicing with interval

arr2 = arr[3::4]

print(arr2)

# Output

# [ 9 22]

# Create NumPy arrays

arr = np.array([[3, 5, 7, 9, 11],

[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]])

b) Use slicing a 2-D arrays

arr2 = arr[1:,1:3]

print(arr2)

# Output

#[[4 6]]

c) Slicing 3-D arrays

arr = np.array([[[3, 5, 7, 9, 11],

[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]],

[[5, 7, 8, 9, 2],

[7, 2, 3, 6, 7]]])
arr2 = arr[0,1,0:2]

print(arr2)

# Output:

# [2 4]

5.Stacking and Concatenating numpy array

a) stacking ndarrays

import numpy as np

a = np.array([1, 2, 3])

b = np.array([5,6,7])

np.vstack((a,b))

Output

array([[1, 2, 3],

[5, 6, 7]])

a = np.array([[1, 2],[3,4]])

b = np.array([[5,6],[7,8]])

np.hstack((a,b))

Output

array([[1, 2, 5, 6],

[3, 4, 7, 8]])

a = np.array([[1, 2],[3,4]])

b = np.array([[5,6],[7,8]])

np.dstack((a,b))

Output
array([[[1, 5],

[2, 6]],[[3, 7],

[4, 8]]])

b) Concatenating numpy array

import numpy as np

arr1 = np.array([[1, 2], [5, 6]])

arr2 = np.array([[7, 8], [3,4]])

a = np.concatenate((arr1, arr2))

print(a)

Output

[[1 2]

[5 6]

[7 8]

[3 4]]

import numpy as np

arr1 = np.array([[1, 2], [5, 6]])

arr2 = np.array([[7, 8], [3,4]])

a = np.append(arr1,arr2, axis=1)

print(a)

Output

[[1 2 7 8]

[5 6 3 4]]
c) broadcasting numpy array

import numpy as np

a = np.array([1,2,3,4])

b = np.array([10,20,30,40])

c=a*b

print c

Its output is as follows −

[10 40 90 160]

import numpy as np

a = np.array([[0.0,0.0,0.0],[10.0,10.0,10.0],[20.0,20.0,20.0],[30.0,30.0,30.0]])

b = np.array([1.0,2.0,3.0])

print 'First array:'

print a

print '\n'

print 'Second array:'

print b

print '\n'

print 'First Array + Second Array'

print a + b

First array:

[[ 0. 0. 0.]

[ 10. 10. 10.]

[ 20. 20. 20.]

[ 30. 30. 30.]]

Second array:

[ 1. 2. 3.]

First Array + Second Array

[[ 1. 2. 3.]

[ 11. 12. 13.]

[ 21. 22. 23.]

[ 31. 32. 33.]]

6.operations using pandas

a) creating dataframe

# import pandas as pd

import pandas as pd

# list of strings

lst = ['Geeks', 'For', 'Geeks', 'is',

'portal', 'for', 'Geeks']

# Calling DataFrame constructor on list

df = pd.DataFrame(lst)

print(df)

Output:

# Python code demonstrate creating

# DataFrame from dict narray / lists

# By default addresses.

import pandas as pd

# intialise data of lists.

data = {'Name':['Tom', 'nick', 'krish', 'jack'],

'Age':[20, 21, 19, 18]}

# Create DataFrame

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# Print the output.

print(df)

Output:

# Import pandas package

import pandas as pd

# Define a dictionary containing employee data

data = {'Name':['Jai', 'Princi', 'Gaurav', 'Anuj'],

'Age':[27, 24, 22, 32],

'Address':['Delhi', 'Kanpur', 'Allahabad', 'Kannauj'],

'Qualification':['Msc', 'MA', 'MCA', 'Phd']}

# Convert the dictionary into DataFrame

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# select two columns

print(df[['Name', 'Qualification']])

Output

b)concate

# importing the module

import pandas as pd

# creating the Series

series1 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])

display('series1:', series1)

series2 = pd.Series(['A', 'B', 'C'])

display('series2:', series2)

# concatenating

display('After concatenating:')

display(pd.concat([series1, series2]))

Output:

# importing the module

import pandas as pd

# creating the Series

series1 = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])

display('series1:', series1)

series2 = pd.Series(['A', 'B', 'C'])

display('series2:', series2)

# concatenating

display('After concatenating:')

display(pd.concat([series1, series2],

axis = 1))

Output:

# importing the module

import pandas as pd

# creating the DataFrames

df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],

'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})

display('df1:', df1)

df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A4', 'A5', 'A6', 'A7'],

'B': ['B4', 'B5', 'B6', 'B7']})

display('df2:', df2)

# concatenating

display('After concatenating:')

display(pd.concat([df1, df2],

keys = ['key1', 'key2']))

# importing the module

import pandas as pd

# creating the DataFrames

df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],

'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})

display('df1:', df1)

df2 = pd.DataFrame({'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],

'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']})

display('df2:', df2)

# concatenating

display('After concatenating:')

display(pd.concat([df1, df2],

axis = 1))

Output:
d) adding new column

# Import pandas package

import pandas as pd

# Define a dictionary containing Students data

data = {'Name': ['Jai', 'Princi', 'Gaurav', 'Anuj'],

'Height': [5.1, 6.2, 5.1, 5.2],

'Qualification': ['Msc', 'MA', 'Msc', 'Msc']}

# Convert the dictionary into DataFrame

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# Declare a list that is to be converted into a column

address = ['Delhi', 'Bangalore', 'Chennai', 'Patna']

# Using 'Address' as the column name

# and equating it to the list

df['Address'] = address

# Observe the result

print(df)

Output:

7.operations using pandas

a)filling nan with string

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

#create DataFrame with some NaN values

df = pd.DataFrame({'team': ['A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'B'],

'points': [np.nan, 11, 7, 7, 8, 6, 14, 15],