Wa0004.

presentation
on
solar cell
Contents
• Introduction
• Principle of Solar Cell
• Construction of Solar Cell
• Working of Solar Cell
• Types of Solar Cell
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Solar Cell
• Applications of Solar Energy
Introduction
Solar cell is the photovoltaic device that convert the

light energy (which come from sun) into electrical
energy .
this device work on the principle of photovoltaic
effect.
Photovoltaic Device:- The generation of voltage
across the PN junction in a semiconductor due to the
absorption of light radiation is called photovoltaic
effect. The Devices based on this effect is called
photovoltaic device.
Principle of Solar Cell
The solar cells are based on the principles of photovoltaic effect.
The Photovoltaic Effect is the photogeneration of charge carriers
in a light absorbing materials as a result of absorption of light
radiation.
Single Solar cell
N-type
P-type
Construction of Solar Cell
Solar cell (crystalline Silicon) consists of a n-type
semiconductor (emitter) layer and p-type semiconductor
layer (base). The two layers are sandwiched and hence there
is formation of p-n junction.
The surface is coated with anti-reflection coating to

avoid the loss of incident light energy due to reflection.
A proper metal contacts are made on the n-type and
p-type side of the semiconductor for electrical
connection.
Working of solar cell
Working
When a solar panel exposed
to sunlight , the light
energies are absorbed by a
semiconductor materials.
Due to this absorbed
energy, the electrons are
liberated and produce the
external DC current.
The DC current is
converted into 240-volt AC
current using an inverter
for different applications.
Types of Solar Cell
Based on the types of crystal used, soar cells can be classified as,
1. Monocrystalline silicon cells
2. Polycrystalline silicon cells
3. Amorphous silicon cells
4. The Monocrystalline silicon cell is produced from pure silicon

(single crystal). Since the Monocrystalline silicon is pure and
defect free, the efficiency of cell will be higher.
5. In polycrystalline solar cell, liquid silicon is used as raw

material and polycrystalline silicon was obtained followed by
solidification process. The materials contain various crystalline
sizes. Hence, the efficiency of this type of cell is less than
Monocrystalline cell.
3. Amorphous silicon was obtained by depositing silicon film
on the substrate like glass plate.
The layer thickness amounts to less than 1µm – the

thickness of a human hair for comparison is 50-100 µm.
The efficiency of amorphous cells is much lower than that of

the other two cell types.
As a result, they are used mainly in low power equipment,

such as watches and pocket calculators, or as facade
elements.
Comparison of Types of solar cell
Material Efficiency (%)
Monocrystalline silicon 14-17
Polycrystalline silicon 13-15
Amorphous silicon 5-7

connections in solar module
A bulk silicon PV module consists of multiple individual

solar cells connected, nearly always in series, to
increase the power and voltage above that from a
single solar cell. ... In a typical module, 36 cells are
connected in series to produce a voltage sufficient to
charge a 12V battery.
Advantages of solar cell
It is clean and non-polluting.
It is a renewable energy.
Solar cells do not produce noise and they are totally

silent.
They require very little maintenance.
They have long life time.
There are no fuel costs or fuel supply problems.

Disadvantages of solar cell
Soar cells (or) solar panels are very expensive.
Bulk energy has not be stored in batteries.
Air pollution and whether can affect the production of

electricity.
They need large are of land to produce more efficient power

supply.
Sun does not shine consistently.
Less efficient and costly equipment.
Reliability Depends On Location

Applications of solar energy
Domestic power supply.
Electric power generation in space.
Drying Agricultural Products.
Solar pumps are used for water supply.
Water Heating.
Generating Electrical Power.
To providing electrical power to satellites.

Done by :-
Ch.manikantha
(17131A0217)
EEE-1
K.manohar naidu
(17131A0254)
EEE-1

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presentation

Solar cell is the photovoltaic device that convert the

The surface is coated with anti-reflection coating to

4. The Monocrystalline silicon cell is produced from pure silicon

5. In polycrystalline solar cell, liquid silicon is used as raw

The layer thickness amounts to less than 1µm – the

The efficiency of amorphous cells is much lower than that of

As a result, they are used mainly in low power equipment,

Material Efficiency (%)

Monocrystalline silicon 14-17

Polycrystalline silicon 13-15

Amorphous silicon 5-7

A bulk silicon PV module consists of multiple individual

Solar cells do not produce noise and they are totally

They require very little maintenance.

They have long life time.

There are no fuel costs or fuel supply problems.

Bulk energy has not be stored in batteries.

Air pollution and whether can affect the production of

They need large are of land to produce more efficient power

Sun does not shine consistently.

Less efficient and costly equipment.

Reliability Depends On Location

Electric power generation in space.

Drying Agricultural Products.

Solar pumps are used for water supply.

Generating Electrical Power.

To providing electrical power to satellites.

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