Different Types of Pattern

Different Types of Pattern
→ In casting process, Pattern is the replica of the device which is the output of casting process.
This when molded in sand forms mold. After filling mold with the molten metal there is a
formation of casting. Patterns play a very important role in casting as they decide the quality as
well as perfection in a particular casting process. Gates and runners are the most important
components in several types of pattern. Pattern is the basic requirement for creation of mold
and it is always bigger than the size of casting. There should be a proper selection of pattern so
it must be able to sustain rough handling. It forms mold cavity for casting processes. The
patterns may be made of metals like aluminium, brass, plaster and wax.
There are some of the features of best pattern material used for designing:
• Water resistant.
• Cheap in cost and have very less weight.
• Long lasting and hard.
• Industry oriented patterns are mostly designed simple and they are repairable.
During patterning processes, to handle any structural problems different allowances are made.
These allowances include shrinkage allowances, Machining Allowance, shake allowances, Draft
allowances and finally distortion allowances.
Following are some of the key factors that decide the types of patterns of casting you must
choose:
• Features of the particular casting process,

• Number of castings that are to be created and
• Physical specifications, means size of casting.
Types of Patterns
The various kinds of patterns that we use in casting process are
1) Single piece pattern

2) Two piece pattern
3) Gated pattern
4) Multi piece pattern
5) Match plate pattern
6) Skeleton pattern
7) Sweep pattern
8) Lose piece pattern
9) Follow board pattern
10) Cope and drag pattern
11) Segmental pattern and
12) Shell pattern
1) Solid or Single Piece Pattern

Single piece pattern is the cheapest pattern among all other types of pattern. This pattern
generally used in simple processes. It is applied in small scale production. It is often used for the
generation of large castings such as stuffing box of steam engine and for creating simple
shapes, flat surfaces like simple rectangular blocks. The important characteristic of this pattern
is that there is no need of joint in the mold area. In this pattern one surface is considered as flat
portion. This flat surface is used for parting plane. Sand tools are used to cut the sand which
ultimately make gating system. The molding becomes a difficult task if there is absence of this
flat surface. It is expected to lie in cope or drag.
2) Two- Piece Pattern

Two- piece pattern is also called as split piece pattern. It is the popularly used for intricate
castings. The shape of casting decides the exact place of parting plane. This parting plane may
be flat or irregular surface. In two- piece pattern half part is always molded in drag and other
half part is molded in cope. The cope part of the pattern has dowel pins. These dowel pins are
used to align the two halves of split piece pattern. Holes in the drag half of the two- piece
pattern match exactly with dowel pins. It is used in applications where it is very difficult to
withdraw casting from the mold. Two- piece patterns are used where the depth of casting is
very high.
3) Multi Piece Pattern

Sometimes castings have very difficult and complicated designs. In such difficult situations multi
piece types of patterns are used. 3 or more patterns are included in multi piece pattern.
For instance, if we consider three- piece pattern which comes under multi piece pattern. This
three- piece pattern consists of top, bottom and middle parts. The bottom part is drag, top part
is cope where the middle part is termed as check box.
4) Match Plate Pattern
Basically Match plate pattern is a split pattern. Cope and drag areas are on the opposite faces of
metallic plate. This metallic plate is termed as Match Plate. This type of pattern requires very
less hard work and gives very high output. Because the gates and runners are also on the match
plate. This is used in various manufacturing industries. This is very expensive and gives accuracy
as well as high yield. This pattern is widely used for casting metals like aluminium.
5) Gated Pattern
Gated types of patterns are used to make multiple components inside the single mold. Gated
pattern is nothing but the pattern consisting one or more patterns. For joining different
patterns gates are used. These are loose patterns where gates and runners have already
attached. These patterns are very expensive. Due to their high cost they are used for creating
small castings. These small castings further are used in molding machines as well as in mass
producing processes.
6) Skeleton Pattern
Skeleton pattern is used for castings which have simple size and shape. These castings are
usually large in size. The only disadvantages of skeleton types of patterns are – it is applicable
for small number of components and it is not cheap. Economically, it is not the best pattern.
Stickler is used to remove extra sand. These are nothing but frames of wood that highlight the
area which is to be cast. These patterns also help molder. They are widely used in process of pit
or floor welding.
7) Sweep Pattern
In sweep pattern we make use of wooden board. This wooden board of proper size is to be
rotated about one edge to shape the cavity as circular or rotational symmetry. Sweep pattern is
often used when we have to create casting in very short interval of time. Molds of extensive
symmetrical casting can be made easily with the help of sweep pattern. Sweep pattern consists
of three parts spindle, base and sweep which is wooden board. Spindle is directed in vertical
direction and base is attached with sand.
8) Loose Piece Pattern

It is very difficult to remove one piece of solid pattern which is above or below the parting plane
having projections from the mold. With the help of loose piece types of patterns projections
can be made by loose pieces. It requires skilled labor work as well as it is very expensive. There
is one disadvantage of this loose piece pattern is that their shifting can be done due to ramming
process.
9) Cope and Drag Pattern

Cope and drag pattern is a split pattern. This pattern has cope and drag on separate plate. Cope
and drag pattern has two parts which are separately molded on molding box. After molding
parts, these two separate parts are combined to form the entire cavity. Cope and drag pattern
is almost like two-piece pattern. This pattern types are used in the production of large castings
where the molds are very heavy and unhandy for a user.
10) Follow Board Pattern

Follow board pattern consists of tool that is a simple wooden board which is used for several
reasons. The wooden board is used as a base in follow board pattern for molding process. This
pattern is used in processes where casting structures are weak and they may break after the
application of force.
11) Segmental Pattern

It is just a similar to that of sweep pattern. The working structure of segmental pattern and
sweep pattern is almost similar. For designing require shape or structure of mold they both
employ a part of pattern. As the name suggest segmental pattern is in the form of segments
and used for molding circular or round structures. In sweep pattern there is complete rotation
but in segmental pattern there is no complete rotation. For creating mold, we can rotate partly
to get required output.
12) Shell Pattern

Shell pattern is specially used for obtaining hollow shaped structure. Along the center the
parting process is done. The resultant halves produced after parting are both doweled.

Different Types of Pattern

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Different Types of Pattern

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Different Types of Pattern

• Features of the particular casting process,

1) Single piece pattern

1) Solid or Single Piece Pattern

2) Two- Piece Pattern

3) Multi Piece Pattern

8) Loose Piece Pattern

9) Cope and Drag Pattern

10) Follow Board Pattern

11) Segmental Pattern

12) Shell Pattern

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