James Joyce
James Joyce
James Joyce
He was educated at Jesuit Schools. He studied: -French -Italian -German -English Literature He grew up a rebel /rebl / His contemporaries /kontemprri/ wanted to form a national identity by refferring to the past and to the tradition He contrasted these ideas and thought that to increase Irelands awareness he had to offer a realist portrait of his country (from a European, cosmopolitan viewpoint). 1904 He fell in love with Nora Barnacle and they had their first date on 16 June, which was to become the Bloomsday of Ulysses. They moved to Trieste where Joyce made friends with Italo Svevo. The following years were characterized by financial problems due to the troubles Joyce had with publishers and printers, on account of supposedly /spzdli/ obscene /bsi:n/ elements in his prose. -Chamber Music (1907) -Dubliners (1914) -Portrait of the artist as a young man (1916) Dubliners & A portrait of the artist as a young man established him as a writer and Ulysses (1922), regarded as pornographic, brought him an unwelcome notoriety. /ntrati/ Hitlers advance in Europe made the Joyces flee from France to Switzerland, where JJ died in 1941. Ordinary People He set all his works in Ireland and mostly in the city of Dublin. His achievement was to give a realistic portrait of the life of ordinary people living ordinary lives. Against the Church He accused the Church of being responsible for the cultural stagnation and mental paralysis which affected Dublin: Church had taken possession of Irish minds. Blindness Joyce was almost blind > the sounds of words was very important to him and, to enjoy the sound devices used, his works should be read aloud.
Modernism He was a modernits writer: > There is no omniscient narrator. The facts are confused, explored from different points of view simultaneously /s mlte nis/. (influenced by Baudlaire and Flaubert, he believed in the impersonality of the Artist his works did not have to express the Authors point of view, but to render life objetctively /bdektvli/) Thus the various elements of the narrative are presented through the meticulous collection and the analysis of the impressions and thoughts that the events cause in the inner world of the character. His novels open in medias res and the portrait of the character is based on introspection rather than description. Style main features Subjectivity - analysis of the inner world of the characters Free direct speech Epiphany Interior monologue Free punctuation Puns Symbolism