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    How The Extremophiles Survive

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    How The Extremophiles Survive

    Uploaded by

    Nguyễn Tấn Viễn
    5 views6 pages

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    How the Extremophiles Survive

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    5 views6 pages

    How The Extremophiles Survive

    Uploaded by

    Nguyễn Tấn Viễn

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    How The Extremophiles Survive IELTS Listening

    Answers With Audio, Transcript, And Explanation


    Luyện tập đề IELTS Listening Practice với How The Extremophiles Survive được lấy
    từ cuốn sách IELTS Practice Test Plus 2 - Test 1 - Section 4 kèm Answer key, list từ
    vựng IELTS cần học trong bài đọc và Free PDF & Audio Transcript Download với trải
    nghiệm thi IELTS trên máy và giải thích đáp án chi tiết bằng Linearthinking

    DOL IELTS Đình Lực 25/02/2022

    Làm Bài

    Xem giải thích

    Từ vựng
    Audio and questions
    https://tuhocielts.dolenglish.vn/luyen-thi-ielts/ielts-listening-practice-how-the-extremophiles-survive-pract
    Click để nghe audio

    Question 1 - 3
    Choose the correct answer A, B or C.

    1 ’Extremophiles' are life forms that can live in

    A isolated areas.

    B hostile conditions.

    C new habitats.

    2 The researchers think that some of the organisms they found in Antarctica are

    A new species.

    B ancient colonies.

    C types of insects.

    3 The researchers were the first people to find life forms in Antarctica

    A in the soil.

    B under the rock surface.

    C on the rocks.

    Question 4 - 10
    Complete the sentences below.

    Write ONE WORD for each answer.

    How the extremophiles survive

    Access to the sun's heat can create a 4 for some organisms.

    The deeper the soil, the higher the 5 of salt.


    Salt can protect organisms against the effects of 6 even at very low temperatures.

    All living things must have access to 7 water.

    Salt plays a part in the process of 8 which prevents freezing.

    The environment of 9 is similar to the dry valleys of Antarctica.

    This research may provide evidence of the existence of extraterrestrial life forms and their possible
    10 on other planets.
    Transcript
    How The Extremophiles Survive

    https://tuhocielts.dolenglish.vn/luyen-thi-ielts/ielts-listening-practice-how-the-extremophiles-survive-pract
    Click để nghe audio

    Hello, everybody, and welcome to the sixth of our Ecology evening classes. Nice to see you all again. As
    you know from the programme, today I want to talk to you about some research that is pushing back the
    frontiers of the whole field ol ecology. And this research is being carried out in the remoter regions of our
    planet .. places where the environment is harsh and until recently it was thought that the conditions
    couldn't sustain life of any kind.

    But, life forms are being found and these have been grouped into what is now known as extremophiles
    that is, organisms that can survive in the most extreme environments. And these discoveries may be
    setting a huge challenge for the scientists of the future, as you'll see in a minute.

    Now, the particular research I want to tell you about was carried out in Antarctica one of the coldest and
    driest places on Earth. But a multinational team of researchers - from the US, Canada and New Zealand -
    recently discovered colonies of microbes in the soil there, where no one thought it was possible.
    Interestingly enough, some of the colonies were identified as a type of fungus called Beauvena Bassiana a
    fungus that lives on insects.

    But where are the insects in these utterly empty regions of Antarctica? The researchers concluded that
    this was clear evidence that these colonies were certainly not new arrivals they might've been there for
    centuries, or even millennia possibly even since the last Ice Age'. Can you imagine their excitement?

    Now, some types of microbes had previously been found living just a few millimetres under the surface of
    rocks porous, Antarctic rocks, but this was the first time that living colonies had been found surviving -
    erm relatively deeply in the soil itself, several centimetres down in fact.

    So, the big question is: how can these colonies survive there? Well, we know that the organisms living
    very near the rock surface can still be warmed by the sun, so they can survive in their own microclimate ...
    and this keeps them from freezing during the day But this isn't the case for the colonies that are hidden
    under the soil.

    In their research paper, this team suggested that the very high amounts of salt in the soil might be the
    clue because this is what is preventing essential water from freezing. The team found that the salt
    concentration increased the deeper down they went in the soil But while they had expected the number
    of organisms to be fewer down there, they actually found the opposite.

    In soil that had as much as 3000 parts of salt per million, relatively high numbers ol microbes were
    present - which seems incredible! But the point is that at those levels of salt, the temperature could drop
    to minus 56 degrees before frost would cause any damage to the organisms.
    This relationship between microbes and salt at temperatures way below the normal freezing point of
    water - is a really significant breakthrough As you all know, life is dependent on the availability of water in
    liquid form, and the role of salt al very low temperatures could be the key to survival in these kinds of
    conditions.

    Now the process at work here is called supercooling - and that's usually written as one word but it isn’t
    really understood as yet, so, there's a lot more for researchers to work on However, the fact that this
    process occurs naturally in Antarctica, may suggest that it might occur in other places with similar
    conditions, including on our neighbouring planet, Mars. So, you can start to see the wider implications of
    this kind of research.

    In short, it appears to support the growing belief that extraterrestrial life might be able to survive the dry,
    cold conditions on other planets alter all. Not only does this research produce evidence that life is
    possible there, it’s also informing scientists of the locations where it might be found. So all of this might
    have great significance for future unmanned space missions. One specialist on Mars confirms the
    importance …
    Answer key (đáp án và giải thích )

    1 B Xem full giải thích

    2 B Xem full giải thích

    3 A Xem full giải thích

    4 microclimate Xem full giải thích

    5 concentration Xem full giải thích

    6 frost Xem full giải thích

    7 liquid Xem full giải thích

    8 supercooling Xem full giải thích

    9 Mars Xem full giải thích

    10 locations Xem full giải thích

    Hãy cùng DOL khám phá kho đề thi IELTS Listening Practice với lời giải thích
    chi tiết ở đây ->

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