Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/33
Paper 3 Theory (Core) October/November 2023
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 80

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2023 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level components, and some Cambridge O Level
components.

This document consists of 11 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond
the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for
any correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other
syllabus terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme
where necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

• The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
• Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
• Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
• Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this
should be treated as a single incorrect response.
• Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

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6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded
by the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a  10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1
and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

Mark scheme abbreviations

• ; separates marking points

• / alternative responses for the same marking point
• R reject the response
• A accept the response
• I ignore the response
• ecf error carried forward
• AVP any valid point
• ora or reverse argument
• AW alternative wording
• underline actual word given must be used by candidate (grammatical variants excepted)
• () the word / phrase in brackets is not required but sets the context

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(a) any two from: 2

narrow lumen ;
thick wall ;
(wall contains) muscle layer ;
contains elastic fibres ;
AVP ;

1(b) transfer of (named) materials between blood and tissues 1

/ transport materials, to / from, cells
/ transport materials, to / from, blood / AW ;

1(c) valves ; 1

1(d)(i) arrows drawn from the pulmonary artery to the lungs and arrow from 1
the lungs to the left atrium ;

1(d)(ii) X: aorta ; 2
Y: heart ;

1(e) renal artery ; 1

Question Answer Marks Guidance

2(a) cell wall ; 2 either order

cell membrane ;

2(b)(i) (–)3.91(%) ;;; 3 MP1 correct selection of numbers (0.09 and 2.30)
MP2 correct answer unrounded (–)3.913
MP3 answer given to two decimal places
ecf from the previous step

2(b)(ii) smaller / shorter / shrunken / AW ; 1

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

2(b)(iii) any two from: 2

as the concentration (of sucrose solution) increases the percentage
change in mass decreases / the lower the concentration, the more
percentage change in mass ;
0.0-0.4 mol per dm3 the percentage change in mass is positive ;
0.6-0.8 mol per dm3 the percentage change in mass is negative ;
data quote ;

Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(a) more light can be absorbed (for photosynthesis) ; 1

3(b) carbon dioxide + water ; 2

→ oxygen + glucose ;

3(c)(i) R; 1

3(c)(ii) xylem ; 2 either order

phloem ;

3(c)(iii) V; 2
guard cell ;

3(c)(iv) cuticle ; 2
prevents water loss (from the leaf) / makes the leaf waterproof /AVP ;

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

4(a) 3 all correct = three marks

E D F B C A E before D or E at the start and A at the end = one
;;; mark
B before C = one mark

4(b) ref. to oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour ; 4

inspired air contains more oxygen (than expired air) ;
inspired air contains less carbon dioxide (than expired air) ;
water content is variable / inspired air contains less water (vapour than
expired air) ;
water content (of inspired air) depends on humidity / AW ;
quote of correct percentage for a gas ;

4(c)(i) carbon dioxide ; 1

4(c)(ii) A: no change / stays clear / no reaction / AW ; 2

B: turns cloudy / milky / white precipitate (forms) ;

4(d) (rate of) breathing increases ; 2

depth of breathing increases ;

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(a)(i) (a process resulting in the production of) genetically identical 2

offspring ;
from one parent ;

5(a)(ii) bulbs / corms / cuttings / tubers / runners / meristems / AVP ; 1

5(b) label line to a flower labelled S ; 1

5(c)(i) 1300 ; 2 either order

2000 ;

5(c)(ii) 8(%) 1

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(d)(i) any two from: 2

space for housing / urban development / roads ;
space for agriculture / AW ;
for extraction of natural resources / mining ;
for timber / wood products ;
AVP ; e.g. (wild) fires

5(d)(ii) any three from: 3

habitat loss / AW ;
reduced biodiversity / migration ;
disruption to food chains / webs ;
extinction / species endangerment ;
loss of soil ;
flooding ;
increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ;
AVP ;;

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(a) difference(s) ; 6
continuous ;
intermediates ;
genes ;
61 ;
3:1 ;

6(b) 2 R each additional line

blood group in humans

body length in reptiles

discontinuous variation height in humans

mass of pea seeds

pea seed shape

;;

6(c)(i) mutation ; 1

6(c)(ii) any one from: 1

ionising radiation ;
(some) chemicals ;
AVP ;

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(d)(i) so that they are not eaten / to increase yield / so that insecticides do 1
not have to be used / AW ;

6(d)(ii) any two from: 2

make crops resistant to herbicides ;
improve nutritional qualities of crops / AW ;
AVP ;; A named examples e.g. improve taste / more
attractive crop / larger size / ripening / drought
resistance

Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(a) Pterois ; 1

7(b) 3 one mark per correct row

features birds fish insects

compound eyes ✓

feathers ✓

internal skeleton ✓ ✓
;;;

7(c) any three from: 3

disruption to food chains / webs / predation ;
competition for food ;
competition for space / mating sites / habitat ;
introduction of disease ;
AVP ; e.g. decreasing biodiversity / extinction
/ endangering species

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(d) any three from: 3

monitoring / protecting habitats ;
zoos / nature reserves / wildlife parks / AW ;
monitoring / protecting species ;
education ;
captive breeding ;
seed banks ;
ban, hunting / poaching ;
AVP ;; e.g. fishing quotas

Question Answer Marks Guidance

8(a) W: photosynthesis ; 4
X: death / egestion / excretion ;
Y: combustion ;
Z: respiration ;

8(b) any two from: 2

(named) proteins ;
(named) carbohydrates ;
(named) fats ;
DNA ;
AVP ;; e.g. named molecules / hormones / enzymes

8(c) methane / AVP ; 1

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