2024 Exp Ecology Worksheet Answers

Sec 2 Science (Express)
Chapter 12: Interactions within Ecosystems 25

Name: ______________________________ ( ) Class: ______Date:________________
Lesson Objectives:
1. Describe the non-cyclical nature of energy flow
2. Establish the relationship of the following in food webs: producer, consumer, herbivore,
carnivore, decomposer, food chain, trophic level
Section A (Multiple Choice Questions) (10 marks)
1. Which of the following describes the study of ecology?
A It is the study of life and organisms

B It is the study of the interactions between organisms as well as the interactions
between organisms and their environment
C It is the study of the chemical substances and processes in living organisms
D It is the study of the formation, early growth, and development of living
organisms
( )
2. Which of the following is not part of the physical environment?
A light intensity C parasites

B concentration of oxygen in the soil D wind speed
( )
3. Which of the following is the best definition of an ecosystem?
A An ecosystem is formed when different populations interact with one another

and in a community.
B An ecosystem is formed when different communities interact with one another
in a habitat.
C An ecosystem is formed when different communities interact with one another
and with the abiotic environment in a habitat
D An ecosystem is formed when different organisms in a community interact
with one another and with the abiotic environment in a habitat
( )
1
4. Which of these are abiotic factors that affect an ecosystem?
I. disease
II. oxygen
III. pH
IV. salinity
A I, II and III only

B I, III and IV only
C II, III and IV only
D I, II, III and IV
(
)
5. The following shows a food chain.
grass caterpillar frog bird
Which of the above organisms represents the primary consumer?
A grass C caterpillar
B bird D frog
( )
6. The following shows a food web.
In the above food web, the fox can be described as
A a producer C a primary and secondary consumer

B a secondary consumer D a secondary and tertiary consumer
( )
7. Which of the following organism is found in the greatest number in the following food
chain?
A tree B aphids C ladybird D Bird
2
( )
8. In an ecosystem, bacteria and fungi act as ________.
A primary producers
B primary consumers
C secondary consumers
D decomposers
( )
9. Read the following paragraph which describes the interaction between a clownfish
and a sea anemone.
‘The clownfish lives within the tentacles of the sea anemone. The sea anemone
offers protection to the clownfish as potential predators will be stung by the
anemone when in contact with its tentacles. The clownfish in turns provide the
anemone nutrients in the form of waste.’
What kind of relationship exists between these two organisms?
A mutualism
B parasitism
C predator-prey
D commensalism
( )
10. Which of the following options is the best way to reduce carbon dioxide
emissions?
A taking public transport
B walking from home to school
C recycling food and organic waste into compost
D remove unwanted vegetation using the ‘slash-and-burn’ method
( )
3
Section B (Structured Questions) (15 Marks)
1. “Decomposers” is a category of living organisms that is not shown in the

ecosystem.
(i) Name two organisms that are decomposers. [2]
Bacteria, fungi, termites and earthworms. (Any 2)
(ii) Describe the role and importance of the decomposers. [1]

Decomposers break down dead plants and animals and waste matters into simpler
substances which are returned to the environment.
2. The diagram below show a food web.
(a) In the food web, name:
(i) the producer, [1]
Grass
(ii) a primary consumer, [1]
Rabbit/Grasshopper/Mouse
(iii) a tertiary consumer, [1]
4
Sparrow/Hognose snake/Hawk/Mouse/toad
(b) (i) What is the source of energy for the food web? [1]
Sun
(ii) Why is there less energy available for organisms higher up the
food chain? [1]
Energy is lost along the food chain in the form of undigested food
and passed out as faeces
OR as trapped chemical energy in uneaten body parts
OR as trapped chemical energy in excretory waste products
OR as heat energy during respiration
[any 1, 1 mark]
(c) The population of hognose snake was wiped out due to a disease
outbreak
(i) What will happen to the population of the hawk? [1]
Response 1: The population of the hawk will remain the same.
Response 2: The population of the hawk will decrease.
(ii) Explain your answer.

[1]
Reason 1: The hawk has alternative food sources like rabbits, garter
snakes and sparrows.
Reason 2: Hognose snake is one of the food sources of the hawk, a
decrease in the population of the hognose snake will result in lesser food
for the hawk and hence a decrease in the population.
3. List two ways why conserving the environment is important.

1. To maintain a balanced ecosystem: so as to prevent extinction of a particular
species.
2. Economic importance: rainforests are a source of raw materials for industries.
3 Scientific value: Studies on wildlife give us insights on human beings.
5
(Any other acceptable reasons)
[2]
4. (a) Carbon dioxide is known as a greenhouse gas because it traps heat and
warms the Earth. Besides this effect, explain one other way an increase in
carbon dioxide concentration can affect the ecosystem.
Formation of acid rain (ie. carbonic acid) which causes [1]
 ocean acidification/ corroding of the skin of marine organisms,
leading to death of marine organisms.
OR
 decrease in pH of soil, which affects the growth of plants/
vegetation.
[2]
(b) Another greenhouse gas is methane. State its source of production.

decomposing vegetations / marsh lands / agriculture (cow-farming)
[1]
Sec 2 Activity Book 2A

Page 120
Page 129-130 (optional for NA)
Page 131- 134

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Sec 2 Science (Express)

Chapter 12: Interactions within Ecosystems 25

Section A (Multiple Choice Questions) (10 marks)

1. Which of the following describes the study of ecology?

A It is the study of life and organisms

2. Which of the following is not part of the physical environment?

A light intensity C parasites

3. Which of the following is the best definition of an ecosystem?

A An ecosystem is formed when different populations interact with one another

A I, II and III only

5. The following shows a food chain.

grass caterpillar frog bird

Which of the above organisms represents the primary consumer?

6. The following shows a food web.

In the above food web, the fox can be described as

A a producer C a primary and secondary consumer

A tree B aphids C ladybird D Bird

8. In an ecosystem, bacteria and fungi act as ________.

What kind of relationship exists between these two organisms?

1. “Decomposers” is a category of living organisms that is not shown in the

(i) Name two organisms that are decomposers. [2]

Bacteria, fungi, termites and earthworms. (Any 2)

(ii) Describe the role and importance of the decomposers. [1]

2. The diagram below show a food web.

(a) In the food web, name:

(i) the producer, [1]

(ii) a primary consumer, [1]

(iii) a tertiary consumer, [1]

(ii) Explain your answer.

3. List two ways why conserving the environment is important.

2. Economic importance: rainforests are a source of raw materials for industries.

3 Scientific value: Studies on wildlife give us insights on human beings.

(b) Another greenhouse gas is methane. State its source of production.

Sec 2 Activity Book 2A

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