Devi et al., IJPSR, 2017; Vol. 8(7): 1000-07.

E-ISSN: 0975-8232; P-ISSN: 2320-5148

IJPSR (2017), Volume 8, Issue 7 (Research Article)

Received on 25 December, 2016; received in revised form, 07 February, 2017; accepted, 17 February, 2017; published 01 July, 2017

AN IN VITRO COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL AND

NUTRACEUTICAL PROPERTIES OF THREE DIFFERENT COLOURED SCENTED RICE
VARIETIES OF NORTH- EASTERN REGION
R. Devi 1, B. Devi 2, B.G. Unni 3 and M. Garg * 1
Department of Biotechnology *1, Department of Biochemistry 2, Research Cell 3, Assam downtown
University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati - 781026, Assam, India.
Keywords: ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant,
antibacterial and nutraceutical properties of three coloured scented rice varieties
Antioxidant, Black rice,
Staphylococcus strain, Nutraceutical grown in North Eastern region. The study for the analysis of Nutraceutical
content, Methanol extract content involved more than five contents to find a significant correlation of the
Correspondence to Author: all the rice varieties. Antioxidant activity was measured using hydrogen peroxide
Ms. M. Garg and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays. The
antioxidant activities of the studied samples were expressed as percentage (%) of
Assistant Professor DPPH and H2O2 radicals inhibition and IC50 value. Among different extracts of
Department of Biotechnology crude rice, methanolic extract of the black rice showed highest antioxidant
Assam downtown University, activity compared to the aqueous extract of the other two varieties each for
Panikhaiti, Guwahati 781026, DPPH (89.29±0.139) as well H2O2 (80.97±0.091) with an IC50 value of 40 µg/ml
Assam, India.
and 42.6µg/ml respectively. Also the result of MIC against the tested
E-mail: [email protected] staphylococcus strain was notably found to be effective with a significant value
of 119 µg/ml for black rice taken DMSO as the positive control.

INTRODUCTION: North-East India particularly Equally interesting is this food for the elimination
Assam, is rich in production of coloured and of a series of other problems including obesity,
scented rice, a hulled grain with a distinctive red or edema, hypertension, diseases of kidneys and
purple colour in addition to light grey on its bran. diabetes by releasing glucose in a fairly moderate
Of all the coloured rice, especially black rice has way and constant way, which allow to stabilize the
long been consumed and is considered as a healthy sugar level in the blood (www.medicinal properties
food in Korea 11. Although, the coloured rice are of rice.com). The presence of oryzanol in the whole
hard in its cooking texture, they possess a rice also ensures its affectivity in reducing
beneficial effects of coloured pigment, the naturally cholesterol level (LDL) in blood.
occurring coloured substances like anthocyanin that
belongs to flavonoid family which is reported to In external use, it serves as a good anti-
combat against the damaging effect of toxic free inflammatory as well as astringent in its crushed
radicals 32 and has great pharmacological property and dried form. With its potent bio-active
27
. compounds such as phenolic compounds, tannins,
lignin, oryzanol, tocotrienols, tocopherols, phenyl
QUICK RESPONSE CODE
DOI: propanoids, and flavonoids 29, the coloured rice(s)
10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.8(7).1000-07 are responsible for counteracting wide range of
illness. Rice with its active components is often
Article can be accessed online on: determined as a rich source of nutraceuticals which
www.ijpsr.com commonly means “Nutrition” and
“Pharmaceutical” and coloured rice profoundly
20
DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.8 (7).1000-07
rich in iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and minerals, Vitamin

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 1000

Devi et al., IJPSR, 2017; Vol. 8(7): 1000-07. E-ISSN: 0975-8232; P-ISSN: 2320-5148

A, Vitamin B, and Vitamin E which are beneficial minutes at 100 ºC in a hot water bath, cooled and
for special prevention of heart disease and overall filtered using Whatman’s filter paper. The filtrate
considered to be more nutritious. The reported thus obtained was used for the analysis.
nutraceutical content in Chakhao, the Manipuri
aromatic black glutinous rice of North east India Nutraceutical content Analysis:
has been reported with great value for human Estimation of moisture and dry matter content:
health benefit and the huge demand for market Approximately 25 gram of grinded rice sample(s)
also. The paper also reports the antimicrobial were weighed (W1) on an electronic balance and
activity of rice origin which has been claimed with was kept in the electronic oven for 12 hours at 105
enormous therapeutic potential and effective in ºC 12. Then after the samples were cooled in
alleviating many of the side effects that are often desiccators and weighed (W2). The loss of
associated with synthetic antimicrobials. percentage in weight was expressed as a percentage
of total moisture contents.
These preparations hailed the effectual remedy of
phenolic compound and flavonoids as active The percentage of moisture content was calculated
constituents for the treatment of human diseases by using the formula:
and in anti-infective research Indian Ayurveda.
Rice powder and pollutice were the externally % of moisture content = W1 – W2 / W1 X 100
applied talc before the production of modern Estimation of ash content: The determination of
talcum powder and various cream in case of the ash content from different grinded rice
measles, smallpox, prickly heat, and other skin sample(s) was done following the method of
infection or skin inflammatory infection such as AACC 12 with slight modifications. The clean and
scalds, and burns 16. The reported good and dried china dishes containing 2 grams of the
powerful antibacterial activity of colored rice crude grinded samples were pre weighed (W1). All the
extract is against causing skin and soft tissue dishes were placed in an electronic oven at 150 ºC
infection bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus 33. for 33 hours. After 33 hours of heating and cooling,
Rice bran oil which have great medicinal and the removed china dishes were weighed again as
pharmaceutical properties are widely used have (W3). Weight of the empty dish was taken as (W2).
been also indulged in the antibacterial activity
against human pathogens 23. The percentage loss in weight were expressed as
the ash content and calculated by the formula:
MATERIALS AND METHODS: DPPH (2, 2-
diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) and hydrogen peroxide % of ash content = W2-W3 / W1 X 100
(30%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA).
Estimation of crude fibre: Estimation of crude
The bacterial strains were identified and collected
fibre of the grinded rice sample(s) was done by
from Downtown hospital (Assam, India). All other
following acid-base digestion method of
chemicals and solvents were of HPLC grade. De-
Aberoumand 13 and AACC 12 with few
ionized water was used throughout all the
modifications. 2gm of the grinded sample(s) were
experiments. The rice samples were collected from
treated with 200ml of 1.25% Sulphuric acid for 30
different areas of North-East India in the month of
min using bumping chips. After treating with acid,
November and December, 2015. The species were
the solutions were filtered using muslin cloth and
authenticated with the standard herbarium
the residues were washed for three times using 50
specimen in the Department of Botany, Gauhati
ml aliquots of boiling water followed by treatment
University. The collected samples were air dried
with 200 ml of 1.25% NaOH and boiling for 30
and powdered. The extraction process was
min. The obtained solution were again filtered and
performed by Soxhlet method with methanol as a
washed by aliquots solution. The final washes were
solvent. 20gm of power was weighed and placed in
given using 25ml of alcohol. The obtained residues
the thimble holder of the apparatus for 5-6 hours.
were put in pre-weighed (W1) china dishes and
The aqueous extract was prepared by dissolving the
placed in electronic oven at 130 ºC for 2 hour.
dried grinded rice sample (30g) in 1000ml of
distilled water. The mixture was boiled for 15

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 1001

Devi et al., IJPSR, 2017; Vol. 8(7): 1000-07. E-ISSN: 0975-8232; P-ISSN: 2320-5148

After two hours of heating and cooling, china following the method of Effiong and Udo 24 and
dishes were weighed as W2. AOAC1 8. Nutritive value in kilocalorie per gram
(kcal/g) was determined by multiplying the total
For ignition, the china dishes were treated at 300 ºC value of percentage of fats, carbohydrates, and
for 1 hour and reweighed as W3 after proper proteins by the recommended factors of 9, 4, and 4
cooling. The percentage of loss in weight on respectively. The values obtained after multiplying
ignition, which expresses the crude fibre content, were then added to get the sum which was then
was calculated as: multiplied by 4.2 to change the unit to kilojoules.
% CFb = W2-W3 / W1 X 100 Antioxidant Activities:
Estimation of fats: Crude fats extraction from DPPH scavenging activity: The DPPH scavenging
grinded rice sample(s) was determined using activity of methanol and aqueous extract of the
soxhlet method recognized by AACC 12. Grinded sample(s) were assayed with slight modifications
sample (20 grams) in filter paper was placed in the according to the method of Kaur et al., 1. The test
thimble holder of the apparatus and extracted with sample of different concentration (10 µg/ml-160
petroleum ether for 5-6 hours. Then after, weight of µg/ml) was prepared and the final volume was
the empty round bottom flask was taken as W1 and made 3ml with DPPH and distilled water. The
weight of flask with the extract was taken as W2. absorbance was determined at 517 nm after
The percentage of extracted fats was calculated as: incubation of 30min at room temperature against an
appropriate blank. Ascorbic acid was taken as
Weight of empty round bottle: W1 standard.
Weight of oil (after extraction) round bottle: W2
Weight of oil: (W1-W2) = W3 The DPPH radical scavenging assay of the different
rice sample was calculated by the formula:
Oil in ground sample% = W3 / 20 x 100
% inhibition = A blank – A sample / A blank x 100
Estimation of protein: The total protein content in
the sample(s) was estimated by following the IC50 is defined as the concentration of substrate that
method of Lowry. To 0.5 ml of the extracts, 5ml of causes 50% loss of the DPPH activity (colour) 13.
copper reagent, mixture of solution A (2% Na2CO3
in 0.1N NaOH) and solution B (0.5% CuSO4 Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity: The
solution in 1% Sodium Potassium Tartarate) was Hydrogen peroxide Scavenging Activity of
added. The contents of the tubes were mixed by methanol and aqueous extract of the sample(s)
shaking the tubes and were allowed to stand for 10 were assayed according to the method of Ruchet et
min at room temperature. 0.5ml of diluted Folin- al., 34 considering slight modifications. The sample
Ciocalteau reagent was added to all the contents extracts of concentration (10 µg/ml-160 µg/ml)
and mixed thoroughly. Absorbance was read at were made upto a total volume of 3ml by mixing
660nm against an appropriate blank. Bovine serum with 600 µl of H2O2 solution and distilled water.
albumin was taken as a standard. After an incubation of 10 minutes at room
temperature, absorbance was taken at 230 nm using
Estimation of Carbohydrate: The carbohydrate phosphate buffer as a blank.
estimation of the rice samples were done following
Anthrone’s method. To 1ml of the extracts, 4ml of The percentage of hydrogen peroxide scavenging is
Anthrone reagent (0.2% Anthrone reagent in 95% calculated as follows:
chilled H2SO4) was added carefully. The tubes
% scavenging = A blank – A sample / A blank x 100
were boiled in water bath for 10 min and were
cooled at room temperature and the absorbance was Antibacterial activity test:
read at 630 nm against an appropriate blank. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration: Minimum
was added. A positive control with 1% inhibitory
Nutritive value/energy value: The nutritive/
concentrations of all the extracts were determined
energy value of the samples were calculated by
using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 1002

Devi et al., IJPSR, 2017; Vol. 8(7): 1000-07. E-ISSN: 0975-8232; P-ISSN: 2320-5148

broth micro dilution method (CLSI) with suitable RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
modifications. Two fold serial dilutions were Nutraceutical Content Analysis: In the present
proposed for the extracts to obtain the work, the nutraceutical content of three rice
concentration of 10mg/ml in five different test varieties of North Eastern region was revealed. The
tubes. To these, 5ml of overnight culture broth of study involved more than five contents to find a
Staphylococcus aureus species DMSO and a significant correlation of the all the rice varieties.
negative control without an added inoculum were Results are in consonance with the findings of
taken. Handique et al., 28 who worked with 14 indigenous
scented rice for their nutritive values. However, the
The test tubes were incubated at 37 ºC for 18 hours. work done by Borthakur et al. ,33 showed the crude
After the incubation period was over, the MIC fibre content for Joha rice varied from 1.29% to
values were determined considering the lowest 2.32% which is considerably lower than our finding
concentration of rice extract that causes complete shown in Table 1 i.e. 14.5%. Nutritive value or
inhibition of the bacterial growth. Energy value were found to be impressive in Black
rice with a value of 300 Kcal/gm. The protein
Statistical analysis: All the assays were performed
content was found to be higher in Black rice
in triplicates. The data obtained were expressed as
compared to a value of 5.2% in both brown and
mean ± Standard deviation and analysis were done
white rice as reported by Souci and his co-workers
by calculating applied Student’s t- test and one – 35
. This is in contrast to the carbohydrate content
way ANOVE at 95% confident level. The P-values
which was observed significantly higher in the Joha
≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The
rice variety.
results were presented as the mean ± S.D.

TABLE 1: NUTRACEUTICAL CONTENTS OF THE RICE VARIETIES

Samples Moisture Fibre Ash Fat Protein Carbohydrate Nutritive/Energy
content% content% content% content% Content (µg/ml) Content (µg/ml) value (Kcal/gm)
Black 11.84±0.80 35±0.81 7.5±0.73 1.4±0.24 31±1.63 41±0.72 300.6±0.24
Joha 13.28±1.62 14.5±0.32 10±0.77 0.5±0.03 13±1.26 45±0.84 236.5±1.14
Bora 14.6±0.40 3.5±0.18 4±0.23 0.7±0.13 11±0.89 35±0.57 190.3±1.11

Antioxidant Activity Analysis: The antioxidant presence of anthocyanin pigment. Zhang et al., 36
activity for each of the crude methanol and aqueous also reported a related study of total phenolic
extract was determined with DPPH free radical content and antioxidant activity associated with rice
scavenging and H2O2 radical scavenging. The data pericarp. It is also remarkably noted that
shown in Table 2 and Table 3 revealed that the antioxidant activity may vary according the type of
highest percentage of radical scavenging inhibition the rice variety Gaydou et al., 26. Although the
were shown by the methanol extract of black rice experiments done for this study includes three rice
variety each for DPPH (89.29±0.139) as well H2O2 genotypes of different types. The confirmation of
(80.97±0.091) respectively in a concentration the antioxidant activity of both the extracts can
dependent manner with an IC50 value of 40 µg/ml therefore be confirmed for the presence of different
(DPPH) compared to the 59.6µg/ml (aq. extract) chemical constituents present in the extracts which
and 53.1µg/ml (methanol extract) of Joha variety has also been reported to be concomitant with the
and 49.0 µg/ml (aq. extract) and 45.3 µg/ml development of the reducing power 17.
(methanol extract) of Bora rice variety. Significant
value of 42.6 µg/ml was also obtained for H2O2 as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration: The
compared to its 60.1 µg/ml (aq. extract) and 57.4 evaluation of potential minimum inhibitory
µg/ml (methanol extract) of Joha rice and 58.7 concentration of the crude rice extracts was done
µg/ml and 55.2 µg/ml of Bora rice. The studied and the MIC of the black rice extract exhibited a
results were positively correlated with the work value of 119 µg/ml followed by the values of
done by Zhang MW and co-workers 37 on black rice 220µg/ml and 251 µg/ml for Bora and Joha rice
bran which was considered to be higher due to the varieties.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 1003

Devi et al., IJPSR, 2017; Vol. 8(7): 1000-07. E-ISSN: 0975-8232; P-ISSN: 2320-5148

These values were in accordance to the work of suppressing damage to the gastric mucosa by
Pornpan et al., 9 on the antibacterial and minimum Helicobater pyroli in infected Mongolian gerbils 31.
inhibitory concentration of coloured rice against S. The rice hull smoke extract has been shown to
aureus. The reported values of the work were inhibit S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in vitro in
however found to be higher than the values a study reported by Kim et al., 39 that protected an
obtained in our study. Moreover, the other reported infected mice from death. Presently our study
studies on rice have significantly shown an strongly suggested the antibacterial activity of the
effective activity of its varieties against other tested rice varieties with an increased activity of black
organism. It has also been shown effective in rice and anti-staphylococcal activity.
combating the problem associated with gastritis by
TABLE 2: % INHIBITION OF DPPH BY DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF EXTRACT AND STANDARD
Sl. Concentration %inhibition (water extract)* %inhibition (methanol extract)* %inhibition
No. (µg/ml) (Standard)*
Black Joha Bora Black Joha Bora
1 10 35.78±0.098 47.16±0.095 28.42±0.121 25.41±0.139 37.12±.108 44.40±.092 93.48±0.007
2 20 54.51±0.098 51.33±0.095 43.81±0.121 41.63±0.139 48.82±.108 51.01±.092 94.48±0.007
3 40 64.54±0.098 58.70±0.095 62.54±0.121 63.33±0.139 61.88±.108 65.38±.092 94.68±0.007
4 80 68.39±0.098 62.78±0.095 71.40±0.121 77.59±0.139 75.41±.108 72.57±.092 96.15±0.007
5 160 86.28±0.098 84.29±0.095 85.95±0.121 89.29±0.139 87.95±.108 88.13±.092 96.65±0.007

TABLE 3: SHOWING THE % INHIBITION OF H2O2 BY DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF EXTRACTS AND

STANDARD
Sl. Concentration %inhibition (water extract)* %inhibition (methanol extract)* %inhibition
No (µg/ml) (Standard)*
Black Joha Bora Black Joha Bora
1 10 25.54±0.133 9.06±0.185 6.51±0.195 48.78±0.091 15.83±0.162 49.93±0.091 35.75±0.163
2 20 49.55±0.133 44.31±0.185 44.69±0.195 70.11±0.091 48.27±0.162 65.26±0.091 60.40±0.163
3 40 65.24±0.133 63.21±0.185 63.22±0.195 75.35±0.091 59.00±0.162 76.88±0.091 75.99±0.163
4 80 70.02±0.133 68.45±0.185 69.85±0.195 79.44±0.091 62.32±0.162 78.92±0.091 86.84±0.163
5 160 75.73±0.133 74.59±0.185 75.48±0.195 80.97±0.091 78.28±0.162 80.46±0.091 94.39±0.163

CONCLUSION: The findings exhibited a stronger Baruah (Professor and Head, Department of
basis of future application of coloured and scented Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam for
varieties including other rice varieties of North his invaluable help in the identification of the rice
Eastern region which may protect by combating the varieties.
out coming chronicity associated with the
antioxidant stress as well as the infection caused by CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors
harmful human pathogens. This way they can also declared no conflict of interest.
be used as a better supplement for the diseases by
REFERENCES:
bringing them with a newer form of treatment.
Also, in addition to developing more nutritious 1. Meng R.G, Tiang Y.C, Yang Y and Shi J: Evaluation of
varieties, awareness of the benefits of eating black DPPH Free radical Scavenging activity of Ligularia
fischeri in vitro: A case study of Shaanxi region. Indian
rice should be raised among rice consumers. The Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016; 78(4): 436-442.
activity obtained by the rice varieties might be due 2. Asem I, Imotomba RK and Mazumder PB: Anthocyanin
to the synergistic effect of the active compounds content in the black scented rice (Chakhao): its impact on
human health and plant defense. Symbiosis 2015; 66: 47-
that can be purified, isolated and characterized for 54.
their further study. 3. Durkar AM, Patil RR and Naik SR: Hypolipidemic and
antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Symplocos
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The authors racemosa Roxb. in hyperlipidemic rats: an evidence of
participation of oxidative stress in hyperlipidemia. Indian J
acknowledge the Department of Biotechnology, Exp Biol 2014; 52: 36-45.
Government of India for the start-up fund to carry 4. Karimi E, Mehrabanjoubani P and Keshavarzian M:
out the study and Assam downtown University for Identification and quantification of phenolic and flavonoid
components in straw and seed husk of some rice varieties
helping in promoting faculty research and Dr. P.P.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 1004

Devi et al., IJPSR, 2017; Vol. 8(7): 1000-07. E-ISSN: 0975-8232; P-ISSN: 2320-5148

(Oryza sativa L.) and their antioxidant properties. Journal to Nutraceutical. Current World Environment 2014; 9(3):
Science Food Agriculture 2014; DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6567. 867-876.
5. Kim S, Kim J and Jia Y: The hypolipidemic and 21. Brower V: Nutraceuticals: poised for a healthy slice of the
hypoglycemic activities of fermented brown rice fibers by healthcare market? Nat Biotechnol 1998; 16: 728–731.
regulating PPARα and ChREBP in the livers of C57BL/6J 22. Aggarwal BB, Kuiken MEV, Iyer LH, Harikumar KB and
mice. Journal Nutritional Food Science 2014; 4: 307. Sung B: Molecular targets of nutraceuticals derived from
6. Rahaman H, Eswaraiah, MC and Dutta AM: Joha Rice: An dietary spices: Potential Role in suppression of
aromatic indigenous rice of Assam, India contains inflammation and tumorigenesis. Exp Biol Med 2009;
flavanoids and phenolic substances and shows good 234(8): 825–849.
antioxidant activities. Der Pharmacia Lettre 2015; 7: 212- 23. Ahuja U, Ahuja SC, Thakar R and Rani NS: Scented Rices
217. of India. Asian Agri-History 2008; 4: 267-283.
7. Sen S, De B, Devanna N and Chakraborty R: Total 24. Arpan D, Jain P and Singh A: Antibacterial activity of rice
phenolic, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity bran oil recent research in science and technology 2013;
of the leaves of Meyna spinosa Roxb., an Indian medicinal 5(2).
plant. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2013; 11: 25. AACC: Approved Methods of American Association of
149−157. cereal Chemists. The Am. Assoc. Cereal. Chem. Inc 2000;
8. Das KR, Medhabati K, Nongalleima K and Devi HS: The St. Paul. Minnesota.
Potential of Dark Purple Scented Rice- From Staple Food 26. Aberoumand, L. and S.S. Deokule: Studies on nutritional
to Nutraceutical. Current World Environment 2014; 9(3): values of some wild edible plants from Iran and India.
867-876. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 2009; 8 (1): 26-31.
9. Pornpan P and Natthanej L: The in-vitro Antibacterial 27. Effiong G.S and Udo I. F: Nutritive value of indigenous
Effect of Colored Rice Crude Extracts against wild fruits in South eastern Nigeria. Electronic Journal of
Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Skin and Soft- Environ. Agric. Food Chem 2010; 9: 1168-1176.
Tissue Infection. Journal of Agricultural Science 2013; 28. AOAC: Official Methods of Analysis 1990; Association of
5(11). official Analytical Chemists, Washington D. C.
10. Um MY, Ahn J and Ha TY: Hypolipidaemic effects of 29. A.D. Kaur, P. Nain and J. Nain: In vitro Antimicrobial and
cyanidin 3-glucoside rich extract from black rice through Antioxidant Activity of Gingko biloba bark extract.
regulating hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities. Journal International Research Journal of Pharmacy 2012; 3(6):
Science Food Agriculture 2013; 93: 3126-3128. 116-119.
11. Medhabati K, Rajiv D.K, Henary Ch, Dikash TH and 30. R.J. Ruch, S.J. Cheng, and J.E. Klaunig: Prevention of
Sunitibala H: Androgenic Callus Induction of the Indica cytotoxicity and inhibition of intracellular communication
Rice Hybrid of Chakhao Amubi and Basmati. International by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea.
Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2014; 3(4): 73-79. Carcinogenesis 1989; 10: 1003-1008.
12. Ahuja SC, Panwar D, Ahuja Uma, and Gupta KR: Basmati 31. Akinmoladun AC, Ibukun EO, Afor E, Akinrinlola BL,
Rice – The Scented Pearl. CCS Haryana Agricultural Onibon TR, Akinboboye AO, Obutur EM and Farombi
University, Hisar, Haryana, India 1995; 53. E.O: Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of
13. Kim D.O., H.J. Heo, Y.J. Kim, H.S. Yang and C.Y. Lee: Alstonia boonei, African Journal of Biotechnology 2007;
Sweet and sour cherry phenolics and their protective 6: 1197-1201.
effects on neuronal cells. Journal Agriculture Food 32. Frank G, Witebsky, James D, Maclowry, and Sally S:
Chemistry 2005; 53: 9921-9927. Broth Dilution Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations:
14. P. Molynux: The Use of Stable Free radical DPPH for Rationale for use of selected antimicrobial concentrations.
estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1979; 9(5):589-595.
Science Technology 2004; 26(2): 311-322. 33. Handique A.K, Roy Jayanti and Handique G.K: Nutritive
15. Oki T, Masuda M, Kobayash M, Nishiba Y, Furuta S, value and characterization of Joha rice cultivars of Assam
Suda I. and Sato T: Polymeric procyanidins as radical- through seed protein electrophoresis. Biomedical Methods
scavenging components in red-hulled rice. Journal of of Agricultural Sciences 2010; 47(2): 136-141.
Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002; 50: 7524- 7529. 34. Borthakur and Ashok: Changes in the chemical
16. Guo H, Ling W, Wang Q, Liu C, Hu Y and Xia M: constituents in developing scented rice and effect of
Cyanidin 3-glucoside protects 3T3-L1 adipocytes against manure on grain yield and chemical constituents. Journal
H2O2- or TNF-α-induced insulin resistance by inhibiting c- of Food Science Agriculture 1995; 7: 40-44.
Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation. Biochem Pharmacol 35. Souci. S, Fuchmann W and Kraut. H: Food composition
2008; 75: 1393–401. and nutrition tables 1980; (187).
17. Chen HH1 and Chiu TH: Phytochemicals characterization 36. Zhang M, Guo B, Zhang R, Chi J, We Z, Xu Z, Zhang Y
of solvent extracts from taro-scented japonica rice bran. and Tang X: Seperation, purification and identification of
Journal of Food Science 2011; 76(4): 56-62. antioxidant compositions in black rice. Agricultural
18. Hansakul P, Srisawat U, Itharat A and Lerdvuthisopon N: Science in China 2006; 5: 431-440.
Phenolic and flavonoid contents of thai rice extracts and 37. Gaydou EM, Roniza R and Bianchini JP: Quantitative
their correlation with antioxidant activities using cemical analysis of fatty acids and sterols in Malagasy rice bran
and cell assays. Journal Med. Assoc. Thai 2011; 94(7): oils. Journal of Aerican Oil Chemists Society 1980; 57:
122-130. 141-142.
19. Chanida S, Zhonghua Liu, Jianan Huang and Yushun 38. Zhang M, Zhang R, Zhang F and Liu R: Phenolic profile
Gong: Anti-oxidative biochemical properties of extracts and antioxidant activity of black rice bran of different
from some Chinese and Thai rice varieties. African Journal commercially available varities. Journal of agriculture
of Food Science 2013; 7(9): 300-305. Food Chemistry 2010; 58: 75-87.
20. Das KR, Medhabati K, Nongalleima K and Devi HS: The 39. Murakami. M, Ota. H, Sugiyama. A and Tokuyama. T:
Potential of Dark Purple Scented Rice- From Staple Food Suppressive effect of rice extract on Helicobacter pyroli

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 1005

Devi et al., IJPSR, 2017; Vol. 8(7): 1000-07. E-ISSN: 0975-8232; P-ISSN: 2320-5148

infection in a Mongolian gerbil model. Journal of typhimurium in laboratory media and protects infected
Gastroenterology 2005; 40(5): 459-466. mice against mortality. Journal of Food Science 2012;
40. Kim S.P, Kang M.Y, Park J.C, Nam S.H and Friedman M: 77(1): 80-85.
Rice hull smoke extract inactivates Salmonella

How to cite this article:

Devi R, Devi B, Unni BG and Garg M: An in vitro comparative study on antioxidant, antibacterial and nutraceutical properties of three
different coloured scented rice varieties of North- Eastern region. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2017; 8(7): 1000-07.doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-
8232.8(7).1000-07.

All © 2013 are reserved by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. This Journal licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

This article can be downloaded to ANDROID OS based mobile. Scan QR Code using Code/Bar Scanner from your mobile. (Scanners are available on Google
Playstore)

Reviewer’s recommendations:
1. Specify designation and current full address of corresponding author.
2. Check for spelling, grammar and punctuation error(s).

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 1006