Transport/

Circulation
in Plants and Animals
GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 – QUARTER 4, WEEK 3
What are needed by our
body to survive?
Q W A T E R O T
W M I N O L X R
E F J M L M Y S
R O E A I E G F
T O R X V B E R
B D M S S U N I
A H O M C A M N
M I N E R A L S
Recall: Nutrition
_____ is the act of eating or
feeding; this is coupled with the
mechanical breakdown of food
into smaller pieces allowing for a
greater surface area for chemical
digestion. _____ is the
breakdown of food into particles,
then into nutrient molecules small
enough.
Recall: Nutrition

Absorption is the passage of

digested nutrients and _____ across
the tube wall and into the body fluids;
the cells take up (absorb) small
molecules such as amino acids and
simple sugars. _____ is the
expulsion of the undigested and
unabsorbed materials from the end
of the gut.
Recall: Nutrition

The Accessory Digestive Organs

of man include the: _____, _____,
and _____. On the other hand, in
plants the one responsible for
absorption is _____ and the _____
is responsible for absorbing the
light energy essential for the food
making process.
How do food, minerals, water and
oxygen reach the cells all
throughout our body to be utilized
in different cellular processes?
TRANSPORT/CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
 Circulatory System
Transport System
➢ system that transports nutrients, respiratory
gases, and metabolic products throughout a
living organism, permitting integration among
the various tissues.
 Circulatory System
Transport System
➢ It is important in both plants and animals
because it facilitates the movement of essential
substances throughout their bodies, allowing
them to maintain homeostasis and carry out
vital functions.
 Transport System in

PLANTS
Plants contain a vast network of conduits
which consist of xylem and phloem.
This is more like the circulatory system that transports
blood throughout the human body. Similar to the
circulatory system in humans, the xylem and phloem tissues
extend throughout the plant. These conducting tissues
originate from the roots and move up through the trunks of
trees. Later they branch off into the branches and then
branching even further into every leaf, like spider webs.
 Transport System in

PLANTS
Plants contain a vast network of conduits
which consist of xylem and phloem.
Transportation occurs in three levels in the case of plants:
✓ Transportation of substance from one cell to
another.
✓ Long-Distance transport of sap within phloem and
xylem.
✓ The release and uptake of solute and water by
individual cells.
Transport System in PLANTS
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF ANIMALS
ANIMAL CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
 ANIMAL CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM

A muscle that is about

the size of a fist (in
humans); pumps blood
throughout the body.
 CIRCULATORY
ANIMAL SYSTEM
 CIRCULATORY
ANIMAL SYSTEM

ventricle

atria
 ANIMAL CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM

A tube through which

the blood circulates in
the body. Blood vessels
include a network of
arteries, arterioles,
capillaries, venules, and
veins.
 CIRCULATORY
ANIMAL SYSTEM
 CIRCULATORY
ANIMAL SYSTEM
 CIRCULATORY
ANIMAL SYSTEM
 TYPES OF
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
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In an open circulatory system, the
blood is not enclosed in blood
vessels but is pumped into an open
cavity called a hemocoel and is
called hemolymph because the blood
mixes with the interstitial fluid.
In a closed circulatory system,
blood is contained inside
blood vessels and circulates
unidirectionally from the heart
around the systemic
circulatory route, then returns
to the heart again.
 What make up the transport
system of plants and how are
they different based on the
materials they transport?
What are the three types of blood
vessels in animals and how are
they different in terms of
function?
How will you compare open and
closed circulatory system?
How many chambers does a
heart has? What are those?
What are the three components
of blood? How are they different
in terms of function?
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
VARIATION IN ANIMALS
The circulatory system varies from simple systems in
invertebrates to more complex systems in vertebrates.

SPONGES ROTIFER
✓ No
circulatory
system

✓ Diffusion
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
VARIATION IN ANIMALS
The circulatory system varies from simple systems in
invertebrates to more complex systems in vertebrates.
JELLY FISH
SPONGES ROTIFER
✓ No
circulatory
system

COMB JELLY ✓ Diffusion

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
VARIATION IN ANIMALS
✓ Open circulatory system

JELLY FISH
SPONGES

COMB JELLY
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
VARIATION IN ANIMALS
✓ Closed circulatory system
 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
VARIATION IN ANIMALS
✓ Closed circulatory system
Closed circulatory systems are a characteristic of
vertebrates; however, there are significant differences
in the structure of the heart and the circulation of blood
between the different vertebrate groups due to
adaptation during evolution and associated differences
in anatomy.
FISH CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
Fish have a single circuit for blood
flow and a two-chambered heart that
has only a single atrium and a single
ventricle. The atrium collects blood
that has returned from the body,
while the ventricle pumps the blood
to the gills where gas exchange
occurs and the blood is re-
oxygenated; this is called gill
circulation. The blood then continues
through the rest of the body before
arriving back at the atrium; this is
called systemic circulation.
 AMPHIBIAN
CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS
Amphibians have a three-chambered
heart that has two atria and one
ventricle rather than the two-chambered
heart of fish. The two atria receive blood
from the two different circuits (the lungs
and the systems). There is some mixing
of the blood in the heart’s ventricle,
which reduces the efficiency of
oxygenation. The advantage to this
arrangement is that high pressure in the
vessels pushes blood to the lungs and
body.
 REPTILE CIRCULATORY
SYSTEMS
Most reptiles also have a three-
chambered heart similar to the
amphibian heart that directs blood to
the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
The ventricle is divided more effectively
by a partial septum, which results in less
mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood. Some reptiles (alligators and
crocodiles) are the most primitive
animals to exhibit a four-chambered
heart.
 MAMMAL AND BIRD
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEMS
In mammals and birds, the heart is
also divided into four chambers: two
atria and two ventricles. The
oxygenated blood is separated from
the deoxygenated blood, which
improves the efficiency of double
circulation and is probably required
for the warm-blooded lifestyle of
mammals and birds.
HUMAN
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
 Types of Circulation
1. Pulmonary Circulation
Movement of blood from the heart, to the
lungs, and back to the heart

2. Coronary Circulation
Movement of blood through the tissues of
the heart.

3. Systemic Circulation
Movement of blood from the heart to the rest
of the body, excluding the lungs.
 The Structures of the Heart
Vena Cava Aorta 10
Superior 12
9 Arteries
Pulmonary
14
Pulmonary
Veins Left 13
Atrium
Pulmonary
8
Valve
Aortic4Valve
Right2Atrium
Mitral7 Valve
6 Valve
Tricuspid
5
Left Ventricle
11
Inferior Vena
Cava 1
Septum
3
Right
Ventricle
HOW DOES CIRCULATION OCCUR?
 PIG HEART DISSECTION

Objectives:

Using a pig heart, students will observe

the major chambers, valves, and vessels of the
heart and be able to describe the circulation of
blood through the heart to the lungs and back
and out to the rest of the body.
 PIG HEART DISSECTION

Procedures: (External Structure)

1. Locate the tip of the heart or the apex. Only the left
ventricle extends all the way to the apex.
2. Place the heart in the dissecting pan so that the
front or ventral side is towards you (the major
blood vessels are on the top and the apex is
down). The front of the heart is recognized by a
groove that extends from the right side of the
broad end of the heart diagonally to a point above
& to your left of the apex.
 PIG HEART DISSECTION

Procedures: (Front or Ventral Side)

1. Locate the following chambers of the heart: (1)
left atrium, (2) left ventricle, (3) right atrium, (4)
right ventricle
2. Locate these blood vessels at the broad end of
the heart: (1) coronary artery, (2) pulmonary
artery, (3) aorta, (4) pulmonary veins, (5) superior
and inferior vena cava
 PIG HEART DISSECTION

Procedures: (Internal Anatomy)

1. Use scissors to cut through the side of the
pulmonary artery and continue cutting down into
the wall of the right ventricle. Be careful to just cut
deep enough to go through the wall of the heart
chamber. (Your cutting line should be above &
parallel to the groove of the coronary artery.)
2. Examine the interior of the heart.
 PIG HEART DISSECTION

Guide Questions:
1. Why are pig hearts used to study the anatomy of
the human heart?
2. How many chambers are found in the heart?
What other group of organisms would have this
same number of chambers?
3. Which chambers are the pumping chambers of
the heart?
4. Which chambers are the receiving chambers of
the heart?
 PIG HEART DISSECTION

Guide Questions:
5. How do the walls of the atria compare with the
walls of the ventricles and why are they different?
6. What is the purpose of heart valves?
7. Which artery is the largest and why?
8. What is the purpose of the coronary artery and
what results if there is blockage in this vessel?
 Activity 1
Using a Venn diagram, compare plant
and animal transport systems in terms of
structure, function and materials
transported.
 Performance Task
Make a flow chart to show how the blood travels all
throughout the human body. Use different shapes to
indicate what structure will it be passing through.
✓ Chambers of the heart ✓ Artery
✓ Lungs ✓ Vein
✓ Other tissues of the body ✓ Valve
 Performance Task
Use the following words in making the flow chart:
✓ Heart ✓ Mitral valve
✓ Lungs ✓ Aortic valve
✓ Other tissues of the body ✓ Pulmonary valve
✓ Superior/inferior vena cava ✓ Right atrium
✓ Pulmonary veins ✓ Right ventricle
✓ Pulmonary arteries ✓ Left atrium
✓ Aorta ✓ Left Ventricle
✓ Tricuspid valve
THANK YOU!