LaporanAkhir S60710 GoayTeohShuYee

REPORT OF
INDUSTRIAL
TRAINING
AT ANGKASA
CONSULTING
SERVICES SDN BHD
NAME : GOAY TEOH SHU YEE
MATRIC NO. : S60710
PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (ENVIRONMENT)
KAS4992B | SEM 2 2023/24

REPORT OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
AT ANGKASA CONSULTING SERVICES SDN. BHD.
GOAY TEOH SHU YEE
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

2024
REPORT OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
AT ANGKASA CONSULTING SERVICES SDN. BHD.
BY
GOAY TEOH SHU YEE
THIS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT IS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT

FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
WITH HONOURS
FACULTY OF OCEAN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
2024
REPORT CONFIRMATION AND APPROVAL
This is acknowledged and confirmed that the Report of Industrial Training at

Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd. by Goay Teoh Shu Yee, Matric No.: S60710
has been checked. All the information mentioned in this report is authentic and not
confidential to Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd. This report is submitted to the
Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu in fulfilment of the requirements in obtaining a Bachelor of
Environmental Technology with Honours.
Authorized by:
......................................................
Industrial Supervisor
Name: Aminah Shakirah binti Jaafar
Official Stamp: Date: ...........................
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this report is my own work except excerpts and summaries which
have been cited in the references.
Signature : .................................................
Name : Goay Teoh Shu Yee
Matric No : S60710
Date : 4 July 2024
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This dissertation owes its completion to the invaluable guidance and support of
numerous individuals, whose contributions were pivotal in shaping and realizing this
study. First and foremost, I extend my deepest gratitude to Ir. Dr. Lim Foo Hoat and
Aminah Shakirah binti Jaafar, my industry supervisors, whose invaluable mentorship,
guidance, and constructive feedback were instrumental in shaping my internship
journey. Their expertise and encouragement significantly enhanced my professional
growth and enriched my learning experience. I am also immensely grateful to Dr.
Mohd Sofiyan Bin Sulaiman, my UMT supervisor, whose dedication to creating a
conducive learning environment and providing insightful advice have been invaluable
throughout my internship tenure. His mentorship has played a pivotal role in my
personal and professional development. A special acknowledgment goes to Ts. Dr.
Hakim Che Harun, our Industrial Training Coordinator, for his continuous support,
assistance, and commitment to ensuring a meaningful internship experience for all
students. His guidance and encouragement were indispensable in overcoming
challenges and maximizing learning opportunities during the internship program.
Furthermore, I extend my sincere appreciation to my lecturers, particularly Dr. Nurul
Ashraf Binti Razali for her mentorship and guidance, and Ts. Dr. Noor Zaitun Binti
Yahaya for her invaluable assistance in facilitating my internship application process.
Their unwavering support has been pivotal in shaping my academic and professional
journey. Lastly, I am deeply grateful to my parents, Goay Kok Heng and Lee Chew
Wan, for their unconditional love, unwavering support, and sacrifices. Their beliefs in
me and constant encouragement have been my pillars of strength, motivating me to
strive for excellence in every endeavor. Each of these individuals has left an indelible
mark on my internship experience, and I am profoundly honored and grateful for the
privilege to learn and grow under their guidance and mentorship.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn Bhd (ACS) is a distinguished Malaysian

firm specializing in consulting engineering and project management. Established in
1978, ACS has built a stellar reputation over its 46-year history as one of the nation's
premier multi-disciplinary consultants. The firm offers a wide range of services,
including dam and hydropower engineering, flood mitigation, water supply, coastal
engineering, water resources studies, lake and constructed wetlands, solar power,
wastewater and sewerage, independent checking engineers, structural and road
engineering, geology and geotechnical engineering, as well as mechanical and
electrical engineering. ACS is characterized by its full-time working principals, who
are wholly committed to the firm's success and client satisfaction.
During the industrial training at ACS, several key tasks were undertaken.
Hands-on experience was gained in environmental engineering and water
management, including Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) reports and data
analysis. Technical skills were sharpened through the use of ArcMap, Microsoft
Office, and Google Earth Pro. Additionally, crucial soft skills in communication,
teamwork, time management, and problem-solving were developed. One notable
project involved working on the QUAL2KW data to determine the TMDL for Sg
Merbok, as the standard had not yet been established.
The outcomes of these tasks were substantial, contributing to significant
environmental projects and providing valuable data analysis that supported the
development of effective water management strategies. Findings from the industrial
training highlighted the importance of integrating technical proficiency with strong
interpersonal skills. The experience reinforced the value of open communication,
continuous improvement, and innovation in engineering practices. Overall, the time at
ACS was instrumental in advancing technical knowledge and professional growth,
preparing for a successful career in environmental engineering.
TABLE OF CONTENT
REPORT CONFIRMATION AND APPROVAL ......................................................... 3

DECLARATION ........................................................................................................... 4
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................................ 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 6
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................. 7
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... 10
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................... 12
LIST OF APPENDICES .............................................................................................. 13
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION ............................................. 1
1.1 Background of Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd. ....................... 1

1.2 Location of Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd. ........................................... 6
1.3 Organization’s Main Activities .............................................................. 8
1.4 Organization Chart ................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER 2 ANALYSIS DATA FOR QUAL2KW TMDL SG MERBOK ............. 12
2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 12

2.2 Problem Statement ............................................................................... 14
2.3 Objectives ............................................................................................. 15
2.4 Details of Activity ................................................................................ 16
2.4.1 Data Collection from Stakeholders .............................................. 16

2.4.2 Identification of Data Required for Qual2kw .............................. 18
2.4.3 Data Preprocessing ....................................................................... 18
2.4.4 Data Analysis ............................................................................... 19
2.5 Outcomes .............................................................................................. 20
2.5.1 Outcomes for the Identification of Data Required for Qual2kw . 20

2.5.2 Outcomes for Data Analysis ........................................................ 21
2.6 Summary .............................................................................................. 21
CHAPTER 3 DATA ANALYSIS ON WATER QUALITY FOR TMDL SG

MERBOK .................................................................................................................... 23
3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 23
3.2 Problem Statement ............................................................................... 24
3.3 Objectives ............................................................................................. 25
3.4.1 Boxplot Preparation ..................................................................... 25

3.4.2 Min-Max Trend Graphs Preparation ............................................ 27
3.5 Outcomes .............................................................................................. 28

3.6 Summary .............................................................................................. 43
CHAPTER 4 PREPARATION FOR STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

WORKSHOP FOR TMDL SG KELANTAN BASIN ................................................ 44
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 44

4.2 Problem Statements .............................................................................. 45
4.3 Objectives ............................................................................................. 46
4.4.1 Preparation of Questionnaire ................................................................ 47
4.4.2 Assisting in Slides Preparation ............................................................. 48
4.5 Outcomes .............................................................................................. 49
4.5.1 Outcome of the Questionnaire Preparation .......................................... 49
4.5.1 Outcome of the Slides Preparation ....................................................... 52
4.6 Summary .............................................................................................. 53
CHAPTER 5 EXPERIENCES AND SKILLS ............................................................ 54
5.1 Experiences and Knowledge Obtained................................................. 54
5.1.1 Teamwork and Collaboration ...................................................... 54

5.1.2 Time Management ....................................................................... 54
5.1.3 Specialized Knowledge in Environmental Management ............. 55
5.1.4 Administrative and Technical Skills ............................................ 55
5.1.5 Report Formatting and Translation .............................................. 55
5.1.6 Data Collection and Presentation ................................................. 55
5.1.7 Insightful Conversations with Seniors ......................................... 56
5.2 Skills in Computer Science .................................................................. 56
5.2.1 Excel Skills .................................................................................. 56

5.2.2 Microsoft Word Skills.................................................................. 56
5.2.3 Canva Skills ................................................................................. 57
5.2.4 ArcGIS Skills ............................................................................... 57
5.2.5 QUAL2Kw Skills......................................................................... 57
5.2.6 R Studio Skills with Swirl Packages ............................................ 58
5.2.7 Google Earth Skills ...................................................................... 58
5.3 Relationship Network ........................................................................... 58

5.4 Summary .............................................................................................. 59
CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................... 61
6.1 Problems Encountered .......................................................................... 61

6.2 Action on Troubleshooting ................................................................... 61
6.3 Recommendations to FTKKI, UMT .................................................... 62
6.3.1 Enhancing Software Proficiency .................................................. 63

6.3.2 Advanced Training in Microsoft Excel and Word ....................... 63
6.3.3 Emphasis on Coding Skills .......................................................... 63
6.4 Recommendations to Organization ...................................................... 63

6.5 Overall Summary ................................................................................. 64
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 67
APPENDIX A THE TABULATED RESULT ON DATA ANALYSIS FOR THE
USE OF QUAL2KW FOR TMDL IN SG MERBOK................................................. 69
APPENDIX B QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TMDL SG KELANTAN BASIN
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT WORKSHOP .................................................... 80
APPENDIX C SLIDES FOR TMDL SG KELANTAN BASIN STAKEHOLDER
ENGAGEMENT WORKSHOP (VERSION 1) .......................................................... 89
APPENDIX D SLIDES FOR TMDL SG KELANTAN BASIN STAKEHOLDER
ENGAGEMENT WORKSHOP (VERSION 2) ........................................................ 104
BIODATA PENULIS ................................................................................................ 117
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 The logo of Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd. .................................. 2
Figure 1.2 The Engineering Excellence award in 1992 ................................................. 2
Figure 1.3 The Special Merit Award (2000) .................................................................. 3
Figure 1.4 The Gold Award of Special Merit (2004) .................................................... 3
Figure 1.5 The Gold Award of Special Merit 2010 ....................................................... 3
Figure 1.6 The Silver Award of Special Merit 2013 ..................................................... 4
Figure 1.7 Best Poster for the category of Theme 1: Climate Change, Hydrology and
Water Resources ............................................................................................................ 4
Figure 1.8 The Certificate of ISO9001:2015 Standards ................................................ 5
Figure 1.9 The Map of Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd. .................................. 6
Figure 1.10 The Picture of Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd. ............................ 7
Figure 1.11 ACS Board of Directors ........................................................................... 10
Figure 1.12 Organization chart .................................................................................... 11
Figure 2.1 Sungai Merbok Basin ................................................................................. 13
Figure 2.2 Flowchart of the steps preceding the qual2kw modelling process ............. 16
Figure 3.1 Flowchart of the steps to create boxplots and min-max graphs ................. 25
Figure 3.2 The "Box and Whisker" plot option ........................................................... 26
Figure 3.3 The min-max trend graphs .......................................................................... 27
Figure 3.4 The Water Quality Status on Water Quality Index (WQI) for DOE Water
Quality Station Sungai Merbok Basin ......................................................................... 29
Figure 3.5 The Water Quality Status Based on the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) at the
DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin ................................................. 30
Figure 3.6 The Water Quality Status Based on the pH at the DOE Water Quality
Station in Sungai Merbok Basin .................................................................................. 31
Figure 3.7 The Water Quality Status Based on the Suspended Solid (SS) at the DOE
Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin........................................................... 32
Figure 3.8 The Water Quality Status Based on the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin ....................................... 33
Figure 3.9 The Water Quality Status Based on the Biochemical Oxygen Demand
(BOD) at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin ........................... 34
Figure 3.10 The Water Quality Status Based on the Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) at
the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin ........................................... 35
Figure 3.11 The Water Quality Status Based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) at the
Figure 3.12 The Water Quality Status Based on the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Index at
Figure 3.13 The Water Quality Status Based on the Biochemical Oxygen Demand
(BOD) Index at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin ................. 38
Figure 3.14 The Water Quality Status Based on the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Index at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin ............................. 39
Figure 3.15 The Water Quality Status Based on the Ammonia Nitrogen (AN) Index at
Figure 3.16 The Water Quality Status Based on the Suspended Solid (SS) Index at the
Figure 3.17 The Water Quality Status Based on the pH Index at the DOE Water
Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin ..................................................................... 42
Figure 4.1 Flow of preparing the TMDL Sg Kelantan Questionnaires ....................... 47
Figure 4.2 The cover of the TMDL Sg. Kelantan Basin questionnaires ...................... 50
Figure 4.3 Section 1: Study Area ................................................................................. 51
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
NH3-N Ammonia Nitrogen

NH4 Ammonium
ACS Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn Bhd
As Arsenic
ACEM Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
Cl Chloride
Cr Chromium
DOA Department of Agriculture
DOE Department of Environment
DOF Department of Fishery
DID Department of Irrigation and Drainage Daerah Kuala Muda/Sik/Baling
DID Department of Irrigation and Drainage Kedah
JMG Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia
DoSM Department of Statistics Malaysia
PLANMalaysia Department of Town and Country Planning
DO Dissolved Oxygen
F Fluoride
IRBM Integrated River Basin Management
INWQS Interim National
Pb Lead
LKIM Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia
LSANK Lembaga Sumber Air Negeri Kedah
LRT Light-rail transit
MPSPK Majlis Perbandaran Sungai Petani
MMD Malaysian Meteorological Department
MADA Muda Agricultural Development Authority
NO3 Nitrate
SWCorp Perbadanan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal dan Pembersihan Awam
PO4 Phosphate
SO4 Sulfate
SPAN Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara
SS Suspended Solids
SADA Syarikat Air Darul Aman Sdn. Bhd
TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
WQI Water Quality Index
WHO World Health Organization
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A THE TABULATED RESULT ON DATA ANALYSIS FOR THE

USE OF QUAL2KW FOR TMDL IN SG MERBOK................................................. 69
APPENDIX B QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TMDL SG KELANTAN BASIN
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT WORKSHOP .................................................... 80
APPENDIX C SLIDES FOR TMDL SG KELANTAN BASIN STAKEHOLDER
ENGAGEMENT WORKSHOP (VERSION 1) .......................................................... 89
APPENDIX D SLIDEA FOR TMDL SG KELANTAN BASIN STAKEHOLDER
ENGAGEMENT WORKSHOP (VERSION 2) ........................................................ 104
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION
1.1 Background of Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd.
Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn Bhd (ACS) is a distinguished Malaysian

firm specializing in consulting engineering and project management. Established in
1978, ACS has built a stellar reputation over its 46-year history as one of the nation's
premier multi-disciplinary consultants. ACS is characterized by its full-time working
principals, who are wholly committed to the firm's success and client satisfaction.
At ACS, the mission and values guide operations and interactions. ACS strives
to achieve international standard best practices, delivering quality, cost-effective, and
innovative solutions that surpass clients' needs, while also providing an environment
conducive to staff development and career advancement. ACS is dedicated to
enhancing the quality of services and operations through ongoing improvement efforts.
Open communication is fundamental, fostering transparency and open dialogue to
build trust and collaboration. Additionally, performance measurement and appropriate
rewards play a crucial role, as recognition and reward of performance aligned with
values and objectives foster a culture of accountability and excellence. Innovation is
embraced to stay ahead in a dynamic industry. Furthermore, technical, professional,
and managerial excellence are upheld across all aspects of work, while teamwork is
emphasized as essential to success, driving synergy and shared achievements.
Integrity is paramount, guiding operations with honesty, transparency, and ethical
conduct in all endeavours. Lastly, ACS prioritizes creating a positive and supportive
good working environment that promotes growth, creativity, and well-being.
At ACS, the organization is more than just a group of professionals; it is a
community united by vision, integrity, and determination. Commitment to
responsiveness, coupled with high performance standards, forms the foundation of the
organizational culture.
1
Figure 1.1 displays the logo of Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd. The
logo consists of the abbreviation of the company's name, "ACS" and is entirely in blue
colour.
Figure 1.1 The logo of Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd.
ACS has been honoured with six outstanding awards in our field of expertise,
granted by both the Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia (ACEM) and the
ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organizations. The awards are shown in Figure
1.2 to Figure 1.6.
Figure 1.2 The Engineering Excellence award in 1992
2
Figure 1.3 The Special Merit Award (2000)
Figure 1.4 The Gold Award of Special Merit (2004)
Figure 1.5 The Gold Award of Special Merit 2010
3
Figure 1.6 The Silver Award of Special Merit 2013
In 2022, ACS was awarded for Best Poster for the category of Theme 1:
Climate Change, Hydrology and Water Resources as shown in Figure 1.7. Poster
entitled “Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) for basin water allocation” for its
novel approach using GIS zonal statistics to derive spatial social, economy, and
environmental indices, which are then used with a water availability index to
determine the optimum basin-wide water allocation strategy during drought condition.
Jointly awarded by National Water Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM),
Sewerage Services Department (JPP) and Ministry of Environment and Water
(KASA).
Figure 1.7 Best Poster for the category of Theme 1: Climate Change, Hydrology and
Water Resources
4
Besides, ACS is accredited to the ISO9001:2015 Standards from Lloyd’s
Register Quality Assurance Ltd. (LRQA) for provision of engineering consultancy
services including quality management system for construction supervision. The
certificate ISO9001:2015 Standards is shown in Figure 1.8.
Figure 1.8 The Certificate of ISO9001:2015 Standards
5
1.2 Location of Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd.
Figure 1.9 displays a map indicating the location of Angkasa Consulting

Services Sdn. Bhd. (ACS). On the map, ACS is situated at the Taipan Business Centre
in Selangor, Malaysia. It is conveniently located near the Taipan LRT Station, which
is within a 10-minute walking distance. The picture of ACS is shown in Figure 1.10.
ACS is divided into two buildings, each housing different departments. The
Hydrology & Coastal Engineering Department is located on the second floor of the
left building.
Figure 1.9 The Map of Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd.
6
Figure 1.10 The Picture of Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd.
The details of ACS are as follows:
Name : Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd.
Address : No 49, Jalan USJ 10/1A, 47620 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia.
Tel : 603-5632 8899
Fax : 603-5632 8833
Email : [email protected]
7
1.3 Organization’s Main Activities
Angkasa Consulting Services maintains a strong focus on objectivity,

dedication, and commitment to the efficient and expedient completion of each task,
assignment, and project. ACS's approach is comprehensive, providing services that
span data acquisition, investigation, concept design, construction, and commissioning.
The firm's mainstream services include feasibility studies, where they thoroughly
investigate and analyse the potential and limitations of a project to generate practical
and cost-effective solutions. They also specialize in project planning and economic
assessment, formulating development plans, economic evaluations, risk management
strategies, and environmental studies.
In addition to these consulting services, ACS provides design and
documentation services, covering preliminary and detailed design for various
engineering disciplines and infrastructure works. The firm's expertise also extends to
construction management, involving contractor coordination, planning, scheduling,
contract administration, cost control, and quality assurance. All of ACS's services are
conducted in accordance with the company's Quality Management System, which
complies with ISO 9001:2015 standards.
ACS services include:
• Dam Engineering • Geology and Geotechnical

• Hydropower Engineering Engineering
• Flood Mitigation • Mechanical Engineering
• Water Supply • Electrical Engineering
• Coastal Engineering
• Water Resources Studies
• Lake & Constructed Wetlands
• Solar Power
• Waste Water & Sewerage
• Independent Checking
Engineers
• Structural Engineering
• Road Engineering
8
In dam engineering, ACS provides feasibility studies, cost estimating, project
planning, hydrological and hydraulic studies, and site investigations. Their work in
this field has been recognized with the ASEAN Outstanding Engineering
Achievement Award in 2015 for the Mengkuang Dam Expansion Project in Penang.
For hydropower engineering, the firm offers comprehensive services covering
feasibility studies, design, and project management.
ACS is also renowned for its expertise in water supply systems, including
treatment and distribution, as well as water resources studies to assess availability and
quality. The company's flood mitigation and stormwater management capabilities are
demonstrated by the Gold Award of Special Merit they received in 2004 for the
Putrajaya Stormwater Management project.
In the area of coastal engineering, ACS provides consulting services, while
their independent checking engineering services ensure compliance with standards
and regulations. The firm's solar power engineering expertise covers the design and
implementation of solar power systems, and their work in developing lakes and
constructed wetlands earned them a Special Merit Award in 2000 for the Putrajaya
Wetland and Lake Development project.
Additionally, ACS offers consulting services for wastewater treatment and
sewerage systems, structural and geotechnical engineering, road engineering, land
development, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering, making them a
comprehensive service provider in the engineering consultancy sector.
1.4 Organization Chart
Figure 1 shows the board of directors for ACS, which includes the Managing
Director Ir. Khor Chai Huat, and four Directors: Ir. Lee Sek Chong, Ir. Chang Chan
Yang, Ir. Dr. Lim Foo Hoat, and Ir. Mohd Zawakie.
9
Figure 1.11 ACS Board of Directors
I am currently placed in the Coastal Department, a crucial division within the
organization responsible for managing and overseeing various aspects related to
coastal engineering and environmental management. At the helm of this department is
Ir. Dr. Lim Foo Hoat, the Head of Department. Ir Dr. Lim Foo Hoat is the highest-
ranking official within the Coastal Department and oversees all departmental activities,
ensuring that all teams work cohesively towards achieving the organization's goals.
Supporting the Head of Department is Khor Wei Sze, the Senior Department
Manager. Khor Wei Sze plays a pivotal role in managing senior staff and ensuring that
departmental policies and strategies are implemented effectively. Her leadership
ensures that the department functions smoothly and meets its objectives.
The Coastal Department is organized into several specialized teams, each
focusing on specific areas of coastal and environmental management. These teams
include the Hydrology Team, Hydraulic Team, Water Resources Team, Coastal Team,
Water Quality Team, Construction Team, GIS Team, Data Acquisition Team,
Technical Assistance and Proposal Team, and the Drafting Team (as shown in Figure
1.12). Each team is tasked with specific responsibilities that contribute to the overall
mission of the department.
During my internship, I have been placed in two specific teams within the
Coastal Department: the Water Quality Team and the Data Acquisition Team. The
10
Water Quality Team, led by Aminah Shakirah BT Jaafar, focuses on monitoring and
analysing water quality parameters to ensure compliance with environmental
standards and to support the development of water quality management strategies.
This team's work is vital in maintaining the health of river ecosystems and ensuring
the safety of water resources.
In addition to the Water Quality Team, I also work with the Data Acquisition
Team, which is under the leadership of Sangeetha A/P Ganayesan. The Data
Acquisition Team is responsible for collecting and managing data from various
sources, which is essential for accurate analysis and decision-making in coastal
management projects. This team ensures that reliable and up-to-date data is available
to support the department's initiatives.
Through my placement in these teams, I have had the opportunity to gain
hands-on experience and learn from seasoned professionals. The guidance and
mentorship provided by Aminah Shakirah BT Jaafar and Sangeetha A/P Ganayesan
have been invaluable in my professional development. Their expertise and dedication
to their respective fields have greatly enhanced my understanding of water quality and
data acquisition processes within the context of coastal management.
Figure 1.12 Organization chart
11
CHAPTER 2
ANALYSIS DATA FOR QUAL2KW TMDL SG MERBOK
2.1 Introduction
The escalating concerns surrounding river pollution have emerged as a

pressing issue in recent times. Rivers serve as vital sources of water supply, and any
contamination can disrupt daily routines and pose serious threats to public health and
the environment. In the Sungai Merbok basin, industrial activities have significantly
impacted the natural environment, leading to a notable increase in turbidity and
pollution entering the river system (Wong et al., 2022). Addressing these challenges
requires effective control strategies, such as the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
method developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).
TMDL programs aim to restore water quality in streams by reducing pollution loads
from both point and nonpoint sources.
Sungai Merbok, situated in the Northern State of Kedah in Peninsular
Malaysia, serves as one of the primary rivers in the region. Flowing through the
district of Kuala Muda, the river basin covers approximately 500 km2, as depicted in
Figure 1.1. With its mouth opening into the Straits of Malacca, Sungai Merbok plays a
crucial role in the local ecosystem. However, the basin's significance is overshadowed
by mounting concerns over pollution, exacerbated by the industrial activities and
urban developments under the administration of the Majlis Perbandaran Sungai
Petani (MPSPK), a major industrial hub in Kedah.
12
Figure 2.1 Sungai Merbok Basin
The deteriorating water quality in Sungai Merbok basin has raised alarms,
particularly due to its association with one of the major industrial hubs and townships
in the Northern Peninsula. The rapid industrialization and urban expansion along the
river corridors, particularly in the Sungai Petani sub-basin, have resulted in the
13
degradation of the tributaries' formerly pristine conditions. Pollution sources include
domestic and industrial sewage, effluent from livestock farms, emissions from
manufacturing and agro-based industries, suspended solids from mining, construction
activities, logging and deforestation, as well as heavy metals from factories. (DOE,
2012; Hashem et al., 2021)
Efforts to address this challenge are paramount, with the TMDL study poised
to play a pivotal role in assessing the loading capacity of the tributaries and
identifying sources of pollutants. By determining pollutant loads and understanding
their distribution among various sources, the study aims to propose effective control
actions to achieve the desired water quality targets.
In conclusion, Sungai Merbok basin faces significant environmental threats
stemming from pollution, driven by rapid industrialization and urbanization. The
implementation of TMDL programs presents a promising approach to mitigate these
challenges and restore the health of the river system. Through comprehensive
assessments and targeted interventions, stakeholders can work towards safeguarding
the ecological integrity of Sungai Merbok and ensuring sustainable water resources
for future generations.
2.2 Problem Statement
To maintain and protect water quality, it is essential to establish Total

Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) standards for river systems. For Sg Merbok, this
involves accurately determining the pollutant load that the river can assimilate without
violating water quality standards. Using the QUAL2Kw model, we should be able to
analyse and predict water quality parameters effectively, leading to the establishment
of appropriate TMDL standards.
Currently, Sg Merbok does not have established TMDL standards, making it
difficult to implement effective water quality management practices. The absence of
these standards means that there is no clear benchmark for controlling pollutant levels.
This situation is critical as uncontrolled pollution can lead to severe environmental
degradation, affecting aquatic ecosystems, public health, and economic activities
reliant on the river.
Monitoring data from Sg Merbok reveals significant pollution from sources
such as industrial waste, agrochemicals, domestic effluents, overland runoff, and
14
weathering processes. In August 2017, toxic metals like As, Cr, and Pb, along with
NH4, F, Cl, NO3, SO4, and PO4, exceeded INWQS and WHO limits, and significant
pollution from organic matter and chemically oxidizable substances was indicated by
high BOD, DO, and COD levels (Haidr et al., 2020).
To address this issue, a thorough data analysis using the QUAL2Kw model is
proposed to aid in the QUAL2Kw modelling process to establish the TMDL for Sg
Merbok. This involves collecting accurate and comprehensive water quality data from
stakeholders, identification of data required for QUAL2Kw, data preprocessing, and
data analysis. The results will provide help in QUAL2Kw modelling input for setting
TMDL standards and developing effective management strategies.
Establishing TMDL standards based on QUAL2KW data analysis will lead to
more informed and targeted pollution control measures. This will help reduce
pollutant levels in Sg Merbok, improve water quality, protect aquatic ecosystems, and
ensure safe water resources for human use. Additionally, clear TMDL standards will
support regulatory enforcement and encourage stakeholders to adopt sustainable
practices.
In summary, the lack of established TMDL standards for Sg Merbok hinders
effective water quality management. By utilizing QUAL2Kw data analysis to
determine these standards, we can develop a clear and scientifically backed
framework for controlling pollution. This will lead to improved water quality,
healthier ecosystems, and better protection of public health and local economic
activities.
2.3 Objectives
The aim of the project is to restore water quality in streams by providing Total
Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for Sungai Merbok. In order to achieve it, the
following objectives are established:
• To identify key parameters and variables required for the Qual2kw river
modelling based on the stakeholder data analysis.
• To analyse the data collected from stakeholders systematically to ensure its
suitability and accuracy for integration into the river modelling framework.
15
2.4 Details of Activity
Identification
Data Collection
of Data Data
from Data Analysis
Required for Preprocessing
Stakeholders
Qual2kw
Figure 2.2 Flowchart of the steps preceding the qual2kw modelling process
Before initiating the Qual2kw modelling process, several preparatory steps are
undertaken as shown in Figure 2.2. Initially, data is collected from stakeholders
involved in the Sungai Merbok TMDL project. This data encompasses various aspects
relevant to river quality, including pollutant sources, hydrological parameters, and
land use data. Following data collection, the next step involves identifying the specific
data required for integration into the Qual2kw model. This process ensures that only
pertinent information is utilized, optimizing the efficiency and accuracy of the
modelling process. Subsequently, the collected data undergoes preprocessing to refine
and organize it for compatibility with the Qual2kw model. This involves cleaning,
formatting, and organizing the data to enhance its usability. Finally, comprehensive
data analysis is conducted, involving calculations of cumulative distance, area, cross-
sectional area, depth, and bottom width based on the refined data. These analyses
provide valuable insights into Sungai Merbok's hydrological characteristics, guiding
the subsequent modelling efforts effectively.
2.4.1 Data Collection from Stakeholders
To ensure comprehensive and accurate data collection for establishing TMDL

standards for Sg Merbok, a Stakeholder Engagement Workshop was conducted. The
objective of the workshop was to gather and inform various stakeholders about the
TMDL project for Sg Merbok. The workshop was attended by various Stakeholders/
Agencies including consultants with a total number of Thirty (30) participants from
fifteen (15) agencies:
• Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN)
• Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA)
• Department of Environment (DOE)
16
• Department of Fishery (DOF)
• Department of Town and Country Planning (PLANMalaysia) Kedah
• Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia (LKIM)
• Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD)
• Syarikat Air Darul Aman Sdn. Bhd (SADA)
• Department of Statistics Malaysia (DoSM)
• Perbadanan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal dan Pembersihan Awam (SWCorp)
• Lembaga Sumber Air Negeri Kedah (LSANK)
• Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia (JMG)
• Department of Agriculture (DOA)
• Department of Irrigation and Drainage Daerah Kuala Muda/Sik/Baling (DID)
• Department of Irrigation and Drainage Kedah (DID)
These stakeholders provided crucial insights into data availability and

facilitated connections to the appropriate contacts for data acquisition. They shared
valuable information, including designated contacts responsible for specific data sets,
relevant departments, email addresses, contact numbers, and accessible studies or
reports for further clarification.
Hydrological data was primarily obtained from the Department of Irrigation
and Drainage (DID). Based on a preliminary assessment, there are six rainfall stations
within the Sg Merbok basin. Additional rainfall stations near the study area have also
been incorporated into the dataset.
For continuous river water quality monitoring, analysis, and modelling, input
and water quality data from the Department of Environment (DOE) have already been
obtained. According to the IRBM Sungai Merbok report (2019), the DOE has 11
monitoring stations within the Sg Merbok basin. The water quality data parameters
acquired from the DOE include:
• Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
• Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
• Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N)
• pH
• Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
• Suspended Solids
17
• Faecal Coliforms
• Heavy Metals
• Total Coliform
• Water Quality Index (WQI)
Collecting this data is integral to the analysis and modelling required for
determining the TMDL standards for Sg Merbok, ensuring a robust and scientifically
grounded approach to water quality management.
The river hydraulic model for hydrodynamic simulations requires river cross-
sectional data, which is one of the important inputs for the model. These data have
been obtained to ensure the model accurately represents the river's physical
characteristics and flow dynamics. By integrating all the collected hydrological and
water quality data, the project can proceed with a comprehensive and detailed analysis,
facilitating the establishment of effective TMDL standards for Sg Merbok.
2.4.2 Identification of Data Required for Qual2kw
In preparation for the first-time implementation of QUAL2KW in the

assessment of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for Sg Merbok, a thorough
identification of required data was undertaken. Extensive literature review and
reference materials were essential to comprehensively identify and understand the
necessary data inputs.
The initial phase involved gathering relevant literature and references that
detail the parameters and methodologies appropriate for QUAL2Kw modelling. The
included studies on QUAL2Kw on different river systems, online tutorials,
QUAL2Kw user guide. The literature review and data identification process were
critical not only for determining the scope of data required but also for ensuring the
accuracy and reliability of the QUAL2Kw model outputs.
2.4.3 Data Preprocessing
Upon receiving the dataset from stakeholders for the Sg Merbok river project,
thorough data preprocessing was undertaken to ensure its suitability for detailed
18
analysis and modelling. This involved employing Excel's versatile formula functions
to clean, format, and organize the data effectively.
Initially, data cleaning focused on identifying and rectifying inconsistencies or
errors within the dataset. Excel functions like “IFERROR” were instrumental in
handling erroneous entries, ensuring data integrity throughout the preprocessing phase.
Validation checks using “ISNUMBER” and conditional statements “IF” helped verify
the accuracy of numerical data, providing confidence in the dataset's reliability.
2.4.4 Data Analysis
After data preprocessing, this dataset comprised IDs for river cross-sections,
along with coordinates (X, Y, Z), roughness coefficients, and distance measurements
along the river channel. To prepare this data for QUAL2Kw modelling, several critical
preprocessing steps were undertaken.
Firstly, the data underwent calculations to derive cumulative distances
(Cum.Dist (X)) from the starting point to each cross-section along the river. This
cumulative distance metric provided a continuous measure along the river's length,
enabling spatial analysis and facilitating interpolation procedures.
Secondly, the X coordinates (representing distance) and Y coordinates
(representing elevation) were meticulously arranged together. This arrangement was
pivotal for visualizing and analysing the elevation profile across the river, crucial for
understanding variations in channel morphology and depth along its course.
Thirdly, determining the bankfull channel width was essential. This involved
identifying the lowest side of the riverbank, a critical parameter in defining the
maximum width of the river channel under natural flow conditions. This width
measurement plays a significant role in assessing floodplain dynamics and
understanding water flow characteristics within the river system. Interpolation
techniques were applied to estimate values between the measured data points. Lastly,
total cross-sectional area, minimum depth, and bottom width were calculated.
19
2.5 Outcomes
2.5.1 Outcomes for the Identification of Data Required for Qual2kw
Given that this project marks the first use of QUAL2Kw for the Sg Merbok
Basin, a thorough literature review was conducted to guide the process. The following
sources provided valuable insights and methodologies applicable to our study:
Literature Review Summary

QUAL2Kw - A framework for This foundational text outlines the
modeling water quality in streams and application of genetic algorithms for
rivers using a genetic algorithm for calibrating the QUAL2Kw model to improve
calibration water quality management in aquatic
(J. Pelletier et al., 2005) systems. It highlights the importance of
accurate modeling and calibration techniques
in understanding and addressing water
quality issues in natural water bodies.
Application of Qual2Kw model as a This study explores the use of the Qual2Kw
tool for water quality management: model in managing water quality, focusing
Cértima River as a case study on the Cértima River in Portugal. This study
(Oliveira et al., 2012) evaluate the usage of simple water quality
models (Qual2Kw) applied to small river
basins in order to better understand the
response of a river to different loads of
nitrogen and phosphorus.
Application of QUAL2Kw for water This study shows the calibrated and validated
quality modeling and dissolved QUAL2Kw for the river Bagmati of Nepal. It
oxygen control in the river Bagmati also mentions the water quality input
(Kannel et al., 2007) parameters that included in the model.
Qual2Kw User Manual (Version 5.1)- This user manual explains the theories
A Modeling framework for simulating behind QUAL2Kw and illustrates its
river and stream water quality interface across different worksheets.
(Chapra & Pellertier, 2003)
20
2.5.2 Outcomes for Data Analysis
The data analysis for the QUAL2Kw modelling in the Sg Merbok project
resulted in a comprehensive and meticulously prepared dataset that is crucial for
accurate and effective water quality modelling. The dataset, which includes IDs for
river cross-sections, coordinates (X, Y, Z), roughness coefficients, and distance
measurements along the river channel, has been thoroughly processed to ensure its
usability in the QUAL2Kw model.
The preprocessing steps culminated in the calculation of cumulative distances,
arrangement of elevation profiles, determination of bankfull channel width, and the
calculation of total cross-sectional area, minimum depth, and bottom width. These
parameters are fundamental for the QUAL2Kw model to simulate water flow and
quality dynamics accurately.
All results have been tabulated into a comprehensive table, as shown in
APPENDIX A. This table serves as the input data for the QUAL2Kw model, enabling
it to provide reliable simulations of the river's water quality and flow conditions.
The outcomes of this analysis are pivotal for the overall TMDL project. The
accurate and detailed dataset ensures that the QUAL2Kw model can effectively
simulate the current state of the Sg Merbok river system, identify areas needing water
quality improvements, and support the development of targeted management
strategies. These simulations and analyses contribute to achieving the TMDL
objectives by providing a robust scientific basis for decision-making and policy
formulation aimed at enhancing the health and sustainability of the Sg Merbok river
ecosystem.
2.6 Summary
The data analysis for the QUAL2Kw modelling in the Sg Merbok project
produced a comprehensive dataset essential for accurate water quality simulation. Key
parameters, including river cross-section IDs, coordinates (X, Y, Z), roughness
coefficients, and distance measurements, were meticulously processed and tabulated
into Appendix A for use in the QUAL2Kw model. This analysis ensures the
QUAL2Kw model can reliably simulate the river's current water quality and flow
21
dynamics, aiding in the identification of areas requiring improvement and supporting
effective management strategies.
Key knowledge gained during this project includes the importance of precise
data preprocessing, the role of cumulative distances and elevation profiles, and the
criticality of accurate channel width and depth measurements. These insights are vital
for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of water quality models. Overall, the
outcomes are crucial for achieving TMDL objectives, offering a robust foundation for
decision-making and policy formulation to enhance the health of the Sg Merbok river
ecosystem.
22
CHAPTER 3
DATA ANALYSIS ON WATER QUALITY FOR TMDL SG MERBOK
3.1 Introduction
Maintaining the quality of river water is of paramount importance due to its

critical role in providing water for drinking, agriculture, and industry. Poor river water
quality can lead to the spread of water-borne diseases, posing severe health risks to
nearby communities (Fazal-Ur-Rehman, 2019). The Sungai Merbok Basin in the
northern state of Kedah, Malaysia, is a significant water body that demands careful
management and conservation efforts. Despite being shorter than its neighbouring
rivers, such as Sungai Muda and Sungai Kedah, Sungai Merbok boasts a substantial
estuary spanning approximately 3 km in width. The river mouth is situated in the
Straits of Malacca, flanked by Tanjung Dawai to the north and Pantai Merdeka to the
south.
The Sungai Merbok Basin includes several tributaries, with Sungai Petani
being the most notable and unfortunately, the most polluted. The industrial parks,
commercial lots, housing, workshops and restaurants located near to the Sungai Petani
sub-basin have led to a significant decline in water quality (Kamrudzaman et al.,
2012). Pollutants from residential areas, industrial discharges, and agricultural runoff
contribute to the degradation of the river, turning it into a conduit for contaminants
that affect both the riverine and marine ecosystems.
Therefore, the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) study for Sg Merbok is a
crucial initiative aimed at restoring and maintaining the water quality of this
significant river basin. The TMDL study's primary objective is to determine the
maximum amount of pollutants that Sg Merbok can receive without violating water
quality standards. This involves a comprehensive analysis of the river's current water
quality, identification of pollution sources, and assessment of pollutant loads. The
study utilizes various data collection methods, including field sampling, laboratory
23
analysis, and remote sensing, to gather accurate and representative data on the river's
condition. These data are then analysed using advanced software tools such as
QUAL2KW and ArcMap to model the river's response to different pollution scenarios
and to identify critical areas requiring intervention.
3.2 Problem Statement
In an ideal scenario, the Sungai Merbok Basin should maintain high water
quality standards that support aquatic life, provide safe drinking water, and sustain
agricultural and industrial activities without posing health risks. Efficient water
management practices and regular monitoring should ensure that pollution levels are
kept within permissible limits, safeguarding both the environment and public health.
However, the Sungai Merbok Basin is currently experiencing significant water
quality issues, primarily due to rapid urbanization and industrial activities within the
basin, particularly in the Sungai Petani sub-basin. Pollutants from domestic sewage,
industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and other non-point sources are contributing to
the deterioration of water quality. This pollution not only threatens the ecological
balance but also increases the risk of water-borne diseases, impacting the health and
well-being of local communities.
Data from recent studies and monitoring reports indicate semi-polluted (Class
III) for in the river (Wong et al., 2022). Field observations and site visits have
identified multiple pollution sources contributing to the declining water quality. These
findings underscore the urgent need for a comprehensive and effective Total
Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) plan to address and mitigate these issues.
To tackle these challenges, a systematic data analysis for water quality should
be adopted. Implementing the TMDL plan will lead to a significant improvement in
water quality within the Sungai Merbok Basin. It will help restore the ecological
balance, ensure safe water for drinking and irrigation.
In summary, the Sungai Merbok Basin is facing critical water quality issues
due to various pollution sources. The implementation of a comprehensive TMDL plan,
supported by systematic data analysis, is essential to address these challenges. This
approach will not only improve the water quality but also protect public health and
promote sustainable water management practices in the region.
24
3.3 Objectives
The aim of the project is to restore water quality in streams by providing Total
Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for Sungai Merbok. In order to achieve it, the
following objectives are established:
• To create the box and whisker plot and min-max trend graphs for water quality
analysis
Study on creating
Data Collection box plots and Create data
graphs
Proceed with
Verification Graph formatting
remaining data
Figure 3.1 Flowchart of the steps to create boxplots and min-max graphs
This section outlines the activities undertaken to create box and whisker plots
and min-max trend graphs for water quality analysis using Microsoft Excel. Figure 3.1
shows the flowchart outlining the steps to create boxplots and min-max graphs.
3.4.1 Boxplot Preparation
The initial step involved obtaining the necessary data from the 11 monitoring
stations. The parameters for the box plot included Water Quality Index (WQI),
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in mg/L, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in mg/L,
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in mg/L, Suspended Solids (SS) in mg/L, pH levels,
and Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) in mg/L.
25
As it was the first-time creating box and whisker plots, online tutorials were
used to understand the process better. The data was then organized by station and
parameter in a clear and structured manner. To enhance clarity and better organization,
this organized data was copied and pasted into a new worksheet.
Figure 3.2 The "Box and Whisker" plot option

Next, the process of inserting the box plots was undertaken. This involved
selecting the organized data in Excel, navigating to the "Insert" tab, and choosing the
"Box and Whisker" plot option from the Charts group as shown in Figure 3.2. Box
plots were created for each of the seven parameters. The axis titles were then
customized to reflect the specific parameters being analysed, and titles for each graph
were provided to ensure the data was easily understood.
After creating the initial box plots, they were double-checked with a senior
colleague to ensure accuracy and proper representation. Necessary adjustments were
made based on the feedback received. Once the initial box plots were verified and
approved, the creation of box plots for the remaining data from all stations and
parameters proceeded.
26
3.4.2 Min-Max Trend Graphs Preparation
For the min-max trend graphs, the process started similarly by obtaining water
quality index data from the 11 monitoring stations. The parameters for these trend
graphs included WQI, DO index, BOD index, COD index, Ammonia Nitrogen (AN)
index, SS index, and pH index. The collected data was organized by station and
parameter in a clear and structured manner and copied into a new worksheet.
Figure 3.3 The min-max trend graphs

Inserting the min-max trend graphs involved selecting the organized data in
Excel, navigating to the "Insert" tab, and choosing the appropriate chart type, which
are the combination of line graph and stacked area graph, to represent the min-max
trends as shown in Figure 3.3. Trend graphs were created for each of the seven
parameters, with customized axis titles and clear, descriptive graph titles to ensure the
data was easily understood.
As with the box plots, the created trend graphs were double-checked with a
senior colleague to ensure accuracy and proper representation. Necessary adjustments
27
were made based on the feedback received. Once the initial trend graphs were verified
and approved, the creation of trend graphs for the remaining data from all stations and
parameters proceeded.
3.5 Outcomes
The data analysis project aimed to analyse and visualize water quality data for
the Sg Merbok Basin, resulting in several key deliverables. The initial phase involved
the meticulous collection and preprocessing of water quality data from multiple
monitoring stations within the basin. This step ensured that the data was cleaned,
formatted, and organized to maintain accuracy and consistency for subsequent
analysis.
One of the major outcomes of the project was the generation of boxplots to
visualize the distribution of various water quality parameters across different
monitoring stations. These boxplots, which are shown in Figure 3.4 to Figure 3.10,
highlight the range, median, quartiles, and outliers for each parameter, providing a
clear and concise overview of water quality variations. The figures correspond to
specific monitoring stations marked on the Sg Merbok Basin Map allowing for
targeted analysis and comparison.
Another outcome of the project was the creation of min-max trend graphs for
each monitored water quality parameter. These graphs illustrate the mean, minimum,
and maximum values for seven key parameters: Water Quality Index (WQI),
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Index, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Index,
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Index, Ammoniacal Nitrogen (AN) Index,
Suspended Solids (SS) Index, and pH Index. By spanning the years 2018 to 2022,
these graphs provide a comprehensive overview of the water quality trends over this
period. These graphs are shown in Figure 3.11 to Figure 3.17.
The findings from the boxplot and min-max trend graph analysis were
compiled into a comprehensive report. This report includes the visualizations,
statistical summaries, and interpretations of the data, making it a valuable resource for
stakeholders and decision-makers involved in water quality management. It serves not
only as a documentation of the current water quality but also as a basis for future
assessments and interventions.
28
Figure 3.4 The Water Quality Status on Water Quality Index (WQI) for DOE Water Quality Station Sungai Merbok Basin
29
Figure 3.5 The Water Quality Status Based on the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin
30
Figure 3.6 The Water Quality Status Based on the pH at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin
31
Figure 3.7 The Water Quality Status Based on the Suspended Solid (SS) at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin
32
Figure 3.8 The Water Quality Status Based on the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai
Merbok Basin
33
Figure 3.9 The Water Quality Status Based on the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai
Merbok Basin
34
Figure 3.10 The Water Quality Status Based on the Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok
Basin
35
Figure 3.11 The Water Quality Status Based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin
36
Figure 3.12 The Water Quality Status Based on the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Index at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin
37
Figure 3.13 The Water Quality Status Based on the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Index at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai
Merbok Basin
38
Figure 3.14 The Water Quality Status Based on the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Index at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai
Merbok Basin
39
Figure 3.15 The Water Quality Status Based on the Ammonia Nitrogen (AN) Index at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin
40
Figure 3.16 The Water Quality Status Based on the Suspended Solid (SS) Index at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin
41
Figure 3.17 The Water Quality Status Based on the pH Index at the DOE Water Quality Station in Sungai Merbok Basin
42
3.6 Summary
The data analysis project for the Sg Merbok Basin focused on analysing and
visualizing water quality data, resulting in several significant outcomes. Initially, the
project involved meticulous collection and preprocessing of data from multiple
monitoring stations within the basin, ensuring data integrity and consistency for robust
analysis.
One pivotal outcome was the generation of detailed boxplots that visually
represented the distribution of various water quality parameters across different
monitoring stations. These boxplots, displayed in Figure 3.4 to Figure 3.10, provided
insights into parameter variability, including median values, quartiles, and outliers.
Each figure was aligned with specific monitoring stations identified on the Sg Merbok
Basin Map, enabling targeted comparisons and in-depth analysis.
Another substantial achievement was the development of min-max trend
graphs for key parameters such as the Water Quality Index (WQI), Dissolved Oxygen
(DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD),
Ammoniacal Nitrogen (AN), Suspended Solids (SS), and pH. Spanning the years 2018
to 2022, these graphs (Figure 3.11 to Figure 3.17) illustrated temporal trends in water
quality, showcasing mean, minimum, and maximum values over time. These
visualizations were crucial for identifying seasonal variations, trends, and potential
environmental impacts on water quality.
The project also provided valuable insights into advanced data analysis and
visualization techniques using Microsoft Excel. Skills were developed in organizing
large datasets, applying statistical methods to interpret data trends, and effectively
communicating findings through graphical representations and comprehensive reports.
This knowledge enhances the capability to assess and manage water quality
effectively, supporting informed decision-making and policy formulation for
sustainable environmental practices.
In conclusion, the outcomes of this data analysis project not only contribute to
understanding current water quality conditions in the Sg Merbok Basin but also
strengthen expertise in utilizing data-driven approaches to address environmental
challenges. These insights and skills are invaluable for future environmental
assessments and management initiatives.
43
CHAPTER 4
PREPARATION FOR STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT WORKSHOP FOR

TMDL SG KELANTAN BASIN
4.1 Introduction
Kelantan, a northeastern state in Peninsular Malaysia, spans an area of 15,099

km2, with the Kelantan River and its tributaries draining approximately 80% of the
state's territory, encompassing a total catchment area of 11,900 km2 (Rahman et al.,
2018). The Sungai Kelantan Basin encompasses a vast area characterized by its rich
biodiversity, fertile agricultural lands, and vibrant communities. This river basin is the
lifeblood of Kelantan state, providing essential water resources for domestic use,
agriculture, fisheries, and industry. Additionally, the river and its tributaries support a
variety of ecological habitats, which are home to numerous species of flora and fauna.
The basin's historical and cultural significance further underscores its importance to
the local population.
However, the Sungai Kelantan Basin has been increasingly subjected to
environmental pressures. The diverse activities and population in this basin, including
businesses, industry, animal husbandry, land development, vehicle workshops,
restaurants, and more, contribute to a range of problems and environmental issues,
particularly affecting water sources (DID, 2018). Pollution from these sources has led
to elevated levels of nutrients, sediments, and hazardous substances in the river,
posing significant risks to human health, aquatic life, and the overall ecosystem.
To combat these challenges, the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
approach is being implemented as a comprehensive strategy to restore and protect the
water quality of the Sungai Kelantan Basin. The TMDL framework is designed to
44
establish the maximum amount of a pollutant that the river can assimilate without
violating water quality standards. This involves rigorous scientific assessment and
monitoring to determine pollutant loads from various sources and developing targeted
strategies to reduce these loads to acceptable levels.
The primary objectives of the TMDL process in the Sungai Kelantan Basin are
multifaceted and aim to comprehensively address the water quality challenges facing
the region. Firstly, it involves conducting detailed assessments to identify and quantify
the various sources of pollution within the basin, including point sources such as
industrial discharges and non-point sources like agricultural runoff. This step is crucial
for understanding the extent and origins of pollution. Secondly, the process aims to
establish specific water quality goals based on both national and international
standards to ensure the health and sustainability of the river's ecosystems. Setting
these targets provides a clear benchmark for restoration efforts. Thirdly, the TMDL
process focuses on developing implementation plans that outline the necessary
measures to reduce pollutant loads. These plans encompass a combination of
regulatory controls, best management practices, and community-led initiatives,
ensuring a holistic and inclusive approach to water quality management. Finally,
continuous monitoring programs are essential to track progress towards the water
quality goals and adapt strategies as needed. This dynamic approach allows for
adjustments to address emerging challenges and incorporate new scientific knowledge,
ensuring the long-term success and sustainability of the TMDL initiatives.
Stakeholder engagement is pivotal to the success of the TMDL implementation
in the Sungai Kelantan Basin. The diverse array of stakeholders, ranging from
government agencies and local communities to industries and environmental
organizations, possess unique insights, expertise, and vested interests that are essential
for developing and executing effective water quality management strategies.
4.2 Problem Statements
The development and implementation of a comprehensive Total Maximum

Daily Load (TMDL) plan for the Sungai Kelantan Basin faces significant challenges
due to the complexity and diversity of the stakeholders involved. One of the primary
issues is the lack of awareness and understanding among stakeholders about the
purpose and importance of the TMDL study. This gap in knowledge can lead to
45
resistance or apathy towards the project, making it difficult to garner the necessary
support and cooperation. Moreover, without a clear introduction and communication
of the TMDL study's goals, stakeholders may not fully grasp how their participation is
crucial to the project's success, resulting in fragmented efforts and inefficiencies.
Another critical problem is the absence of established and effective
communication channels among the diverse stakeholders, which include governmental
agencies, private entities, local communities, and environmental organizations. This
lack of communication hampers the systematic collection and integration of extensive
data from various sources, making it challenging to form a cohesive understanding of
the water quality issues within the river basin. Additionally, the inability to identify
and access additional data held by different stakeholders further complicates the
identification and analysis of water quality problems. The varied and sometimes
inconsistent availability of data from these stakeholders exacerbates the situation,
leading to gaps in the overall data set and hindering comprehensive analysis.
Addressing these communication barriers, ensuring the availability and integration of
critical data, and actively involving all stakeholders is essential for developing a
robust TMDL plan that accurately reflects the conditions and needs of the Sungai
Kelantan Basin.
4.3 Objectives
The aim of the project is to develop and implement a comprehensive Total

Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) plan for the Sungai Kelantan Basin through a
collaborative and inclusive approach that engages various governmental and private
entities. This involves the systematic collection and integration of extensive data from
diverse sources, detailed identification of relevant agencies, and strategic stakeholder
engagement to gather information, share interests, preferences, and recommendations.
In order to achieve it, the following objectives are established:
i. To introduce the purpose and importance of TMDL Study to all stakeholders
ii. To identify and develop communication channels with all stakeholders
iii. To identify additional data available from various stakeholder
iv. To identify water quality issues and problems within the river basin
46
As part of this project, responsibility was assumed for two key activities: the
preparation of the questionnaire and assisting in the preparation of presentation slides.
4.4.1 Preparation of Questionnaire
Visual and
Obtain Question Review and Format
Template Design Validation
Design
Figure 4.1 Flow of preparing the TMDL Sg Kelantan Questionnaires

The preparation of a well-structured questionnaire was a crucial step to ensure
effective stakeholder engagement and comprehensive data collection. Figure 4.1
shows the flow of preparing the TMDL Sg Kelantan Questionnaires. Initially, the
questionnaire template from the TMDL Sg Merbok project was referred to. This
template provided a solid foundation and structure, ensuring consistency and
comprehensiveness in the approach.
From the draft report of the TMDL Sg Kelantan, useful information and data
points were meticulously extracted. This process involved identifying key questions
that would address the specific objectives and challenges of the Sungai Kelantan
Basin project. The goal was to tailor the questionnaire to effectively identify pollution
sources, water quality issues, and potential data contributions from various
stakeholders.
Using the extracted information, a comprehensive questionnaire was drafted.
This initial draft aimed to cover all relevant areas comprehensively. After the draft
was completed, it was submitted to a senior team member for review. The feedback
received was crucial in refining the questions to ensure clarity, relevance, and
effectiveness in eliciting the necessary information from stakeholders.
Based on the feedback, necessary revisions were made to the questionnaire.
This included adjusting the wording of questions, reordering sections for better flow,
47
and ensuring that all technical terms were clearly defined. Additionally, formatting
was checked to ensure the questionnaire was professional and easy to navigate for
respondents. The final questionnaire was designed to effectively gather the required
data and insights from stakeholders, facilitating the successful implementation of the
TMDL plan for the Sungai Kelantan Basin.
4.4.2 Assisting in Slides Preparation
In addition to preparing the questionnaire, assistance was provided in the

preparation of presentation slides for the stakeholder engagement workshop. This
involved several key activities to ensure the slides were informative, visually
appealing, and effectively communicated the project's objectives and processes.
The slides focused on the identification and analysis of pollution sources based
on the Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) for Sungai Kelantan, informed by
a site visit conducted from 29 May 2017 to 5 June 2017. Additional pollution sources
were identified from recent news reports to provide a comprehensive overview.
The initial step involved compiling data and observations from the IRBM site
visit, highlighting key pollution sources such as industrial discharges, agricultural
runoff, and urban waste. This data was supplemented with information from news
reports that identified additional pollution sources, ensuring that the slides presented a
current and thorough assessment of pollution in the Sungai Kelantan Basin.
Draft slides were created to present this information clearly and engagingly.
The slides included sections on the background of the IRBM, detailed findings from
the site visit, and new pollution sources reported in the news. Visual aids such as maps,
charts, and photographs from the site visit were incorporated to enhance
understanding and retention.
After the initial draft of the slides was prepared, they were shared with senior
team members for review. The feedback received was used to refine the content,
improve the visual elements, and ensure that all critical information was accurately
represented. Revisions were made to enhance the clarity of the slides and to
incorporate any additional information or corrections suggested by the reviewers.
The final set of slides provided a clear and concise overview of the pollution
sources affecting the Sungai Kelantan Basin, effectively supporting the objectives of
the stakeholder engagement workshop. Once completed, the information was
48
presented to senior team members to ensure alignment with the project's goals and to
gather final feedback before the workshop. This comprehensive and collaborative
approach in preparing the presentation slides ensured that the stakeholders were well-
informed and actively engaged in the project's goals and processes.
4.5 Outcomes
The preparation of the questionnaire and the slides for the stakeholder
engagement workshop on the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) in the Sungai
Kelantan Basin resulted in several positive outcomes. These activities were
instrumental in facilitating a successful and productive workshop, ultimately
contributing to the overall goals of the TMDL project.
4.5.1 Outcome of the Questionnaire Preparation
The preparation of the questionnaire for the Stakeholder Engagement

Workshop resulted in a comprehensive tool designed to gather detailed and relevant
information from participants. The finalized questionnaire was structured to include
several key components.
49
Figure 4.2 The cover of the TMDL Sg. Kelantan Basin questionnaires
It began with a section for participant’s details, collecting basic information
such as name, organization/ agency, position, email address, and contact number,
which is crucial for identifying the diverse range of stakeholders involved (Figure 4.2).
The main body of the questionnaire was divided into four parts: 1.0
Introduction, 2.0 Objective, 3.0 Questionnaire, and 4.0 Recommendations. In the
introduction, an overview of the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process and its
significance for the Sungai Kelantan Basin is provided to participants, ensuring they
understand the context and objectives of the study. In the second part, "2.0 Objective",
the specific aims of the workshop and the purpose of the questionnaire were clearly
outlined, helping participants comprehend how their input would contribute to the
project’s success.
50
The core part of the document was the questionnaire, which consisted of three
sections.
Figure 4.3 Section 1: Study Area
• Section 1: Study Area

This section included a visual representation of the TMDL study area as shown
in Figure 4.3 , illustrating the primary rivers and tributaries within the Sungai
Kelantan Basin. This visual helped familiarize participants with the geographic
scope and key features of the basin.
51
• Section 2: Perception on Water Quality Issues
Participants were asked about their views and concerns regarding water quality
issues in the basin, aiming to capture diverse perspectives and identify
common concerns. In this part, participants were asked to rate the water
quality of the rivers in Sg. Kelantan sub-basins, provide details of the water
quality issues (location, date, events, type of pollutant, etc) if available,
information of the potential pollution sources in the study area.
• Section 3: Water Quality Monitoring and Related Programs: This section
sought information on existing water quality monitoring efforts and related
programs, allowing for an understanding of current initiatives and identifying
potential gaps or areas for improvement.
The final part of the questionnaire invited participants to provide suggestions

and recommendations, fostering a collaborative approach to developing solutions for
the water quality issues in the Sungai Kelantan Basin. The structured approach of the
questionnaire ensured that it covered all essential aspects of the TMDL study and
facilitated the collection of comprehensive and actionable data from stakeholders. Full
TMDL Sungai Kelantan Workshop Questionnaire was attached in APPENDIX B.
4.5.1 Outcome of the Slides Preparation
Assisting in the preparation of presentation slides for the stakeholder

engagement workshop was another critical task. The slides were designed to be
informative and visually engaging, effectively communicating the project's objectives
and processes. Two versions of the slides were prepared. The first version (as shown
in APPENDIX C) focused on the identification and analysis of pollution sources
based on the Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) for Sungai Kelantan,
informed by a site visit conducted from 29 May 2017 to 5 June 2017. Additional
pollution sources identified from recent news reports were also included to provide a
comprehensive overview. This version was created to facilitate understanding among
senior colleagues.
The second version of the slides (as shown in APPENDIX D) included
additional content with questions from the questionnaire, designed to help participants
understand the questionnaire topics and respond effectively. This approach ensured
52
that all stakeholders were well-informed and could provide meaningful input during
the workshop.
4.6 Summary
The preparation for the Stakeholder Engagement Workshop for TMDL in Sg

Kelantan Basin involved meticulous planning and execution to ensure effective
stakeholder participation. Key activities included preparing a comprehensive
questionnaire to gather insights from stakeholders involved in water quality
management. This questionnaire addressed critical aspects such as challenges,
priorities, and expectations related to water quality in the basin, informing workshop
discussions and decision-making.
Another crucial task was crafting informative and visually engaging
presentation slides. These materials detailed the TMDL process, objectives,
methodologies, and expected outcomes, aiming to simplify complex concepts for
diverse stakeholder groups. The workshop itself aimed to foster collaboration and
achieve meaningful outcomes for water quality management in the Sg Kelantan Basin.
Key knowledge gained during this preparation included proficiency in using
Microsoft Word for document formatting, ensuring clarity and professionalism in
presentation materials. Additionally, skills in Canva were developed for creating
visually compelling graphics and slides, enhancing communication effectiveness
during stakeholder engagements. These tools and skills are invaluable for future
environmental management initiatives, facilitating clear communication and
collaboration among diverse stakeholder groups to address complex environmental
challenges.
53
CHAPTER 5
EXPERIENCES AND SKILLS
5.1 Experiences and Knowledge Obtained
During the internship, there was an opportunity to immerse in a professional

environment that significantly contributed to personal and professional growth.
Throughout the internship, a range of skills and valuable experiences were gained,
which will be instrumental in future careers. These included enhanced communication
abilities, teamwork and collaboration, effective time management, problem-solving,
specialized knowledge in environmental management and data analysis, and insights
into future career development.
5.1.1 Teamwork and Collaboration
Working on collaborative projects such as the TMDL reports, and

environmental assessments allowed for an understanding of the dynamics of
teamwork. Diverse perspectives and the importance of leveraging different skill sets to
achieve common goals were appreciated. Building strong professional relationships
with colleagues was crucial in fostering a supportive and cooperative work
environment, which in turn, enhanced overall productivity and the quality of projects.
5.1.2 Time Management
Balancing multiple tasks and meeting tight deadlines was a constant challenge
throughout the internship. This experience taught the importance of prioritizing tasks,
setting realistic goals, and efficiently managing time. Breaking down complex projects
into manageable steps and allocating time effectively ensured that all deliverables
were completed on schedule. These time management skills are invaluable for
handling the demands of any professional role.
54
5.1.3 Specialized Knowledge in Environmental Management
The technical knowledge gained in environmental management was a

highlight of the internship. Participation in projects such Total Maximum Daily Load
(TMDL) reports allowed for the application of theoretical knowledge in real-world
scenarios. Conducting thorough environmental assessments, analysing water quality
data, and complying with regulatory requirements provided a solid foundation in
environmental management, crucial for future career aspirations in this field.
5.1.4 Administrative and Technical Skills
Throughout the internship, various administrative and technical skills were

acquired. Effective use of the office printer for tasks such as printing and binding
reports was learned, involving understanding the technical aspects of different printing
options and ensuring the final documents were professionally bound and ready for
presentation.
5.1.5 Report Formatting and Translation
A significant part of the role involved report formatting and translation.

Assistance in formatting various reports ensured they adhered to professional
standards and guidelines. Additionally, translating technical reports, such as the IRBM
Sg Bernam Report from English to Bahasa Malaysia, improved attention to detail and
language skills.
5.1.6 Data Collection and Presentation
Hands-on experience in data collection was gained, crucial for various

environmental assessments. Involvement in gathering and analysing data for projects
like the TMDL Sg Kelantan was undertaken. Preparation and presentation of
questionnaires for stakeholder workshops, such as the TMDL Sg Kelantan
Stakeholder Workshop, enhanced the ability to design effective survey instruments
and present findings clearly.
55
5.1.7 Insightful Conversations with Seniors
One of the most rewarding aspects of the internship was the insightful
conversations with senior colleagues. These discussions provided valuable guidance
on future career development, including the importance of pursuing advanced
education such as a Master's or PhD. Insights into effective job searching strategies,
understanding the job market, and setting realistic salary expectations were gained.
This mentorship was instrumental in shaping career planning and setting goals for the
professional journey.
5.2 Skills in Computer Science
Throughout the internship, a significant enhancement in various computer

science skills was achieved, thanks to hands-on experiences with several software
tools. These skills will be invaluable for future projects and professional endeavours.
The key tools mastered include Excel, MS Word, Canva, ArcGIS, QUAL2Kw, R
Studio, and Google Earth.
5.2.1 Excel Skills
Excel was extensively used for data management and analysis. Proficiency in
Excel functions and filtering techniques was developed, allowing for efficient data
manipulation and extraction of meaningful insights. The ability to use functions like
VLOOKUP, SUMIFS, and pivot tables enhanced the capacity to perform complex
calculations and data summarizations. Filtering techniques improved the ability to
quickly locate and analyse specific data subsets, streamlining the data analysis process.
5.2.2 Microsoft Word Skills
Mastery of MS Word's style function for formatting was another significant

achievement. This involved learning how to use and customize styles to ensure
consistency and professionalism in document formatting. This skill is particularly
useful for preparing formal reports, proposals, and other documents where visual
uniformity is crucial. By using styles effectively, the time required for formatting
56
large documents was significantly reduced, and the final output adhered to
professional standards.
5.2.3 Canva Skills
Canva was used for designing visually appealing slides and presentations.
Proficiency in this tool enabled the creation of professional and engaging slides,
enhancing the effectiveness of presentations. The ability to design aesthetically
pleasing and informative slides was crucial for conveying complex information clearly
and maintaining audience engagement. Skills in using Canva also included
understanding design principles such as layout, colour schemes, and typography,
which are essential for creating visually impactful presentations.
5.2.4 ArcGIS Skills
ArcGIS was a key tool for producing maps and spatial analysis. The internship
provided extensive experience in using ArcGIS to create detailed and accurate maps,
which are essential for various environmental assessments and planning projects.
Skills in this area included layering, spatial data analysis, and map customization. The
ability to produce high-quality maps with ArcGIS is invaluable for presenting
geographical data and insights in a clear and visually appealing manner.
5.2.5 QUAL2Kw Skills
Proficiency in QUAL2Kw was developed during the internship, focusing on

simulating water quality conditions and predicting the impacts of various
environmental factors. This software facilitated the assessment of how pollutants and
natural variables influence water quality, essential for making informed decisions in
environmental management and policy development. The experience with QUAL2Kw
enhanced the ability to conduct detailed simulations and analyse scenarios, thereby
proposing effective strategies for improving and sustaining water quality.
57
5.2.6 R Studio Skills with Swirl Packages
Additionally, proficiency in statistical analysis and data visualization using R

Studio, particularly through the Swirl packages, was strengthened. These interactive
tools provided a robust environment for deepening understanding of statistical
techniques applied in environmental data analysis. Leveraging R Studio and Swirl
enabled the performance of complex statistical analyses and the creation of
informative visualizations without relying on personal perspectives. These skills are
crucial for conducting rigorous environmental research, supporting evidence-based
decision-making, and effectively communicating findings to stakeholders.
5.2.7 Google Earth Skills
Google Earth was used for various tasks, including pinpointing pollution
sources and visualizing geographical data. Skills developed in Google Earth included
using its tools for mapping, spatial data analysis, and visualization. This software
proved invaluable for providing a geographic context to data, which is essential for
environmental planning and assessment projects.
5.3 Relationship Network
During my industrial training, I had the opportunity to build a robust network

of relationships with a diverse group of individuals both within and outside my
department. These connections not only enhanced my learning experience but also
provided invaluable support and guidance throughout my internship.
Ir Dr. Lim Foo Hoat, the director, was particularly supportive, often treating us
to meals and always showing genuine care for our well-being. He frequently shared
his experiences and his love for mathematics, which provided deep insights into the
practical applications of our work and inspired us to explore mathematical concepts
more thoroughly.
Kak Shakirah, my industrial supervisor, played a crucial role in my internship
journey. She consistently checked in on our progress, provided essential guidance, and
offered constructive feedback, which greatly contributed to my professional
development.
58
Andrew, a senior at ACS and Entech, was instrumental in helping me navigate
my tasks and projects. He taught me numerous software skills, including QUAL2Kw,
Global Mapper, and Excel. Beyond technical training, Andrew shared his personal
views on the future direction of the industry and offered advice on pursuing further
studies such as a Master’s or PhD. His support was particularly valuable when I
encountered difficulties, as he provided both guidance and companionship.
Wan Shiao Dong joined the company midway through my internship. Despite
the brief 2-3 months we worked together, she imparted highly meaningful lessons. Her
meticulous teaching style and high proficiency in ArcGIS were particularly beneficial
to my learning.
Several other colleagues, including but not limited to Kak Aini, Kak Sabariah,
Kak Sry, Kak Hidayah, Kak Geetha, Min, and Hana, contributed to a supportive and
collaborative working environment. Their willingness to assist and share their
knowledge greatly enhanced my experience.
My university classmate and colleague, Amir, was a constant source of mutual
support throughout our internship. Our collaboration ensured that we could address
any challenges that arose effectively. Additionally, my university classmates Tivyaa,
Jack Lee, and Kalpana were always available to address all my queries about the
internship. Their support and insights were invaluable in navigating the complexities
of the training period.
Overall, the network of relationships I built during my industrial training was
instrumental in my professional and personal development. The guidance and support
provided by these individuals made my internship a highly enriching and rewarding
experience.
5.4 Summary
During my six-month internship, I had the opportunity to immerse myself in

various projects related to environmental and water quality management, which
significantly enriched my practical knowledge. One of the key highlights was
contributing to Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) reports, where I gained hands-on
experience in analysing water quality data and formatting technical reports for
presentation. These tasks not only deepened my understanding of theoretical concepts
but also allowed me to apply them in real-world scenarios.
59
On the technical front, I honed my skills using essential software tools such as
ArcMap for spatial analysis, Microsoft Office suite for documentation and analysis,
and Google Earth Pro for geospatial visualization. I became proficient in translating
complex technical information into clear, concise reports and ensuring accuracy in
formatting. Additionally, I developed proficiency in data analysis using Excel,
including creating and automating graphical representations like box plots and trend
graphs.
Equally important were the soft skills I cultivated during this period. Effective
communication was crucial as I regularly presented findings and collaborated with
colleagues and supervisors. Working in a team taught me the value of collaboration
and enabled me to contribute effectively to project goals. Managing multiple tasks and
deadlines improved my time management skills, while encountering and solving
challenges fostered my problem-solving abilities.
Moreover, the internship provided me with an invaluable opportunity to build
a strong professional network. I received mentorship and guidance from Dr. Lim Foo
Hoat, the Director, and consistent support from Kak Shakirah, my industrial
supervisor. Andrew, a senior colleague, imparted essential software skills and industry
insights, while Wan Shiao Dong significantly contributed to my learning in ArcGIS. I
also developed positive relationships with a supportive team of colleagues including
but not limit to Kak Aini, Kak Sabariah, Kak Sry, Kak Hidayah, Kak Geetha, Min,
and Hana, who collectively created a collaborative work environment.
Furthermore, I maintained connections with university classmates like Amir,
who shared the internship journey, and received additional support from Tivyaa, Jack,
and Kalpana, who provided insights and advice.
Overall, my industrial training was a transformative experience that not only
enhanced my technical competencies but also equipped me with invaluable soft skills
and expanded my professional network, preparing me effectively for future career
endeavors in environmental engineering.
60
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Problems Encountered
During the period of my industrial training, I encountered several challenges

that impacted my efficiency and effectiveness in completing tasks. One of the primary
issues was my unfamiliarity with the office printer. Additionally, I found myself
lacking proficiency in several key software programs that are essential for my role.
My skills in ArcGIS, a critical tool for spatial analysis and mapping, were
initially underdeveloped, making it difficult to perform geospatial tasks efficiently.
Similarly, my proficiency in Microsoft Excel was insufficient, particularly in
advanced functions and data analysis techniques, which are vital for managing and
analysing large datasets. Furthermore, my abilities in Microsoft Word were also
limited, affecting my capacity to create and format professional documents effectively.
Additionally, I lacked skills in QUAL2Kw, an important tool for water quality
modelling, which hindered my ability to contribute fully to projects involving water
quality assessments.
6.2 Action on Troubleshooting
To address the challenges encountered during my industrial training, I undertook

several proactive steps to improve my skills and enhance my efficiency:
1. Office Printer Familiarity
• I sought assistance from colleagues to understand the functions and
operations of the office printer.
2. ArcGIS Proficiency
• I enrolled in online courses and tutorials to learn advanced features and
applications of ArcGIS.
61
• I practiced regularly by working on sample projects and datasets to build
my confidence and skills in geospatial analysis and mapping.
• I sought guidance from experienced colleagues who provided valuable
insights and tips on effectively using ArcGIS for various tasks.
3. Microsoft Excel Skills
• To improve my Excel skills, I took advantage of various online resources,
including video tutorials and practice exercises.
• I focused on learning advanced functions, pivot tables, and data analysis
techniques to handle large datasets more efficiently.
4. Microsoft Word Proficiency
• I practiced creating and formatting documents, using templates, and
exploring advanced features such as the "style" function to assist in
formatting.
• I also sought feedback from colleagues on my documents to identify areas
for improvement.
5. QUAL2Kw Skill Development
• I accessed online tutorials and technical documentation to learn the basics
of QUAL2Kw for water quality modelling.
• I sought guidance from experienced colleagues who were proficient in
using QUAL2Kw, asking for their insights and tips.
By taking these actions, I was able to significantly improve my technical skills,
enhance my productivity, and contribute more effectively to the projects and tasks
assigned during my industrial training.
6.3 Recommendations to FTKKI, UMT
Based on insights gained during the industrial training, several suggestions can
be proposed to enhance the curriculum and overall learning experience at FTKKI,
UMT. These suggestions aim to address emerging needs and align the academic
program with current industry standards and practices.
62
6.3.1 Enhancing Software Proficiency
The industrial training highlighted the importance of proficiency in software

tools such as Qual2kw, HEC-RAS, Python, and R Studio for environmental
management and data analysis tasks. It is recommended to introduce additional
coursework or workshops focusing on these tools. Providing hands-on training in
these advanced software applications will better prepare students for the complexities
of environmental modelling, statistical analysis, and programming tasks encountered
in professional settings.
6.3.2 Advanced Training in Microsoft Excel and Word
Proficiency in Microsoft Excel and Word was crucial during the internship for
data management, analysis, and document preparation. To strengthen these skills, it is
advisable to incorporate advanced training modules within the curriculum. Topics
could include advanced functions in Excel (e.g., VBA programming, advanced data
analysis techniques) and advanced formatting techniques in Word (e.g., styles and
templates). These enhancements will equip students with essential technical skills
widely used across various industries.
6.3.3 Emphasis on Coding Skills
The internship experience underscored the importance of coding skills,

particularly in Python, for automating tasks, data analysis, and modelling. Introducing
coding courses or modules within the curriculum can empower students to leverage
programming for environmental data analysis and modelling. Practical exercises and
projects that involve coding will help students develop proficiency and confidence in
applying programming languages to environmental science and engineering tasks.
6.4 Recommendations to Organization
Based on the issues identified during the Industrial Training, here are my
recommendations to improve the working environment and meet employee needs.
Firstly, it is crucial to update computer systems and software, including
upgrading from Windows and Microsoft Office 2007 to newer versions. This upgrade
63
is necessary to ensure compatibility with current software requirements and to
leverage newer features that enhance productivity and efficiency. By investing in
updated technology, the organization can support employees in their daily tasks more
effectively.
Secondly, addressing the workplace environment is essential for maintaining a
productive and comfortable atmosphere. Implementing better housekeeping practices
to reduce clutter and dust accumulation is recommended. This includes organizing
book storage and ensuring workstations are clean and spacious, minimizing
overcrowding. Providing employees with ergonomic and well-maintained
workstations contributes to their comfort and overall well-being, thereby enhancing
productivity and job satisfaction.
By implementing these recommendations, the organization can create a more
conducive and supportive work environment that aligns with modern technological
standards and enhances employee satisfaction and productivity.
6.5 Overall Summary
During my six-month internship, I gained invaluable experience and developed

a wide range of skills that significantly contributed to my professional growth. The
training was an immersive and hands-on journey, allowing me to work closely with
experienced professionals and engage in real-world projects. The company’s
employees were exceptionally friendly and provided a great deal of assistance and
guidance. They were always willing to share their experiences and often brought food
to share with everyone, creating a warm and supportive work environment.
Throughout my training, I had the opportunity to enhance my proficiency in
various software programs essential for my field. For example, I significantly
improved my skills in ArcGIS by enrolling in online courses and seeking guidance
from experienced colleagues, which boosted my capabilities in geospatial analysis and
mapping. I also advanced my Microsoft Excel skills, focusing on advanced functions,
pivot tables, and data analysis techniques to handle large datasets more efficiently.
Furthermore, I practiced creating and formatting documents in Microsoft Word,
utilizing templates and the "style" function to produce professional-quality reports.
Additionally, I learned the basics of QUAL2Kw for water quality modelling through
online tutorials and mentorship.
64
One of the key areas of my training involved environmental management,
where I participated in the preparation of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) reports
for rivers such as Sg Kelantan and Sg Merbok. This experience provided me with
practical skills in water quality data analysis and stakeholder engagement.
Additionally, I translated the Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) Sg Bernam
Report from English to Bahasa Malaysia, ensuring formatting accuracy and enhancing
my attention to detail and language skills.
Stakeholder engagement was another critical aspect of my role. I assisted in
preparing presentation slides for the stakeholder engagement workshop, focusing on
pollution sources in the Sungai Kelantan Basin. The slides incorporated topics from
questionnaires to facilitate participant understanding and responses. In report
formatting and analysis, I contributed to the NAWABS Sg Perlis report, ensuring a
consistent and professional presentation, and expanded my knowledge by studying the
Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP).
Data visualization was also a significant part of my training. I created box
plots and trend graphs for TMDL reports, such as those for Sg Kelantan and Sg
Kemaman, using Microsoft Excel. Compiling these graphs into single files for
comprehensive analysis improved my ability to present data clearly and effectively.
In addition to technical skills, I developed crucial soft skills during my
internship. Regular interactions with colleagues and stakeholders helped me improve
my communication skills, allowing me to convey technical information clearly and
effectively. Working within the water quality and data acquisition teams enhanced my
teamwork and collaboration abilities, as I learned the importance of working together
towards common goals. Balancing multiple projects and deadlines honed my time
management skills, ensuring I completed tasks efficiently. Facing various challenges
also taught me valuable problem-solving skills, enabling me to develop practical
solutions to issues such as software proficiency and office equipment use.
Throughout my training, I encountered several challenges that required
proactive solutions. For instance, unfamiliarity with the office printer was overcome
by seeking assistance from colleagues and referring to manuals and online resources.
To address software skill gaps, I undertook online courses and tutorials, practiced
regularly, and sought mentorship from experienced colleagues, significantly
improving my proficiency in ArcGIS, Excel, Word, and QUAL2Kw.
65
Reflecting on my experience, I have several suggestions for improvement. For
the company, upgrading computers would enhance efficiency and support advanced
software applications, benefiting overall productivity. For myself, learning additional
software programs would further enhance my technical skills and accelerate data
analysis processes.
Overall, my industrial training was a comprehensive learning experience that
significantly enhanced my technical skills, understanding of environmental
management practices, and professional competencies. The support and guidance
from my colleagues were instrumental in my development, preparing me for future
professional challenges. The friendly and helpful nature of my colleagues, who were
always willing to share their experiences and even bring food to share, made my
training period particularly enjoyable and rewarding.
66
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68
APPENDIX A
THE TABULATED RESULT ON DATA ANALYSIS FOR THE USE OF
QUAL2KW FOR TMDL IN SG MERBOK
Cum. Cum.
Distance
ID Distance Distance Depth(m) Width(m)
(m)
(m) (km)
SgBongkok1_CH12350 0.00 0 0.000 1.495 5.098532428
SgBongkok1_CH12300 48.26 48.26 0.048 3.016 4.569589211
SgBongkok1_CH12250 48.94 97.196 0.097 2.242 2.806691669
SgBongkok1_CH12200 48.72 145.916 0.146 2.471 2.674059851
SgBongkok1_CH12150 49.81 195.723 0.196 2.471 3.059649702
SgBongkok1_CH12100 50.53 246.252 0.246 1.827 3.371291719
SgBongkok1_CH12050 49.57 295.822 0.296 2.454 3.737085251
SgBongkok1_CH12000 49.89 345.712 0.346 1.959 3.401382776
SgBongkok1_CH11950 49.75 395.462 0.395 1.002 2.227516053
SgBongkok1_CH11900 48.33 443.787 0.444 2.279 5.032374539
SgBongkok1_CH11850 49.81 493.597 0.494 1.886 4.51081059
SgBongkok1_CH11800 50.04 543.641 0.544 2.292 5.462304803
SgBongkok1_CH11750 50.02 593.665 0.594 1.982 4.428546574
SgBongkok1_CH11700 49.90 643.566 0.644 1.818 3.722416277
SgBongkok1_CH11650 50.01 693.573 0.694 1.773 5.172547893
SgBongkok1_CH11600 49.93 743.503 0.744 1.517 4.1324708
SgBongkok1_CH11550 50.08 793.583 0.794 1.624 4.452266857
SgBongkok1_CH11500 49.83 843.413 0.843 1.854 3.867566174
SgBongkok1_CH11450 50.23 893.643 0.894 1.634 3.252580058
SgBongkok1_CH11400 50.04 943.687 0.944 1.581 3.836026249
SgBongkok1_CH11350 50.10 993.784 0.994 1.497 3.379003155
SgBongkok1_CH11300 47.50 1041.287 1.041 1.539 2.358484607
SgBongkok1_CH11250 46.18 1087.467 1.087 1.484 4.997453684
SgBongkok1_CH11200 50.00 1137.465 1.137 1.458 5.398860206
SgBongkok1_CH11150 49.37 1186.832 1.187 1.984 5.110648845
SgBongkok1_CH11100 49.99 1236.817 1.237 1.496 4.112381974
SgBongkok1_CH11050 49.58 1286.397 1.286 1.661 3.725045473
SgBongkok1_CH11000 49.95 1336.347 1.336 1.784 4.370460241
SgBongkok1_CH10950 49.65 1385.997 1.386 1.51700013 118.3917498
SgBongkok1_CH10900 48.37 1434.367 1.434 1.737 4.370189678
SgBongkok1_CH10850 49.96 1484.327 1.484 1.665 3.853726703
SgBongkok1_CH10800 49.97 1534.297 1.534 1.547 3.35011762
SgBongkok1_CH10750 50.14 1584.436 1.584 1.3 4.841718247
SgBongkok1_CH10700 49.70 1634.14 1.634 1.487 4.380508921
SgBongkok1_CH10650 50.12 1684.256 1.684 1.31 3.873800079
SgBongkok1_CH10600 49.19 1733.446 1.733 1.52619958 3.72875225
69
Cum. Cum.
Distance
(m)
(m) (km)
SgBongkok1_CH10550 48.96 1782.406 1.782 1.569 3.039014023
SgBongkok1_CH10500 50.10 1832.505 1.833 1.368 0.225638662
SgBongkok1_CH10450 47.52 1880.022 1.880 1.70330029 4.292401252
SgBongkok1_CH10400 48.48 1928.502 1.929 1.75 2.808415088
SgBongkok1_CH10350 51.54 1980.037 1.980 1.812 4.92594948
SgBongkok1_CH10300 19.39 1999.429 1.999 2.456 8.218445718
SgBongkok1_CH10250 28.52 2027.949 2.028 2.46020024 7.341199359
SgBongkok1_CH10200 44.80 2072.749 2.073 2.747 6.108806939
SgBongkok1_CH10150 48.78 2121.524 2.122 2.49 6.626092842
SgBongkok1_CH10100 49.26 2170.784 2.171 2.527 7.020280515
SgBongkok1_CH10050 46.46 2217.243 2.217 2.5 7.72919179
SgBongkok1_CH10000 30.93 2248.176 2.248 2.783 7.571570118
SgBongkok1_CH9950 48.01 2296.19 2.296 2.491 6.023658978
SgBongkok1_CH9900 49.25 2345.44 2.345 2.63829981 5.652492116
SgBongkok1_CH9850 49.35 2394.787 2.395 2.321 12.65476792
SgBongkok1_CH9800 46.34 2441.127 2.441 2.75 4.147661271
SgBongkok1_CH9750 49.36 2490.487 2.490 2.952 5.3134772
SgBongkok1_CH9700 46.27 2536.752 2.537 2.261 7.668776763
SgBongkok1_CH9650 49.29 2586.042 2.586 2.858 7.977397817
SgBongkok1_CH9600 41.07 2627.112 2.627 3.649 6.747087662
SgBongkok1_CH9550 46.47 2673.582 2.674 1.81220015 5.729796131
SgBongkok1_CH9500 20.19 2693.772 2.694 3.011 8.966380799
SgBongkok1_CH9450 26.27 2720.037 2.720 2.78010036 5.655299751
SgBongkok1_CH9400 49.83 2769.865 2.770 2.646 6.123550068
SgBongkok1_CH9350 47.51 2817.372 2.817 2.71819978 7.044821703
SgBongkok1_CH9300 47.49 2864.861 2.865 2.813 5.884173237
SgBongkok1_CH9250 41.50 2906.361 2.906 2.72 7.332967117
SgBongkok1_CH9200 48.32 2954.684 2.955 2.66319995 7.383962469
SgBongkok1_CH9150 48.17 3002.854 3.003 2.517 6.273460874
SgBongkok1_CH9120 12.14 3014.994 3.015 3.099 8.537525235
SgBongkok1_CH9100 21.62 3036.61 3.037 2.939 8.10411915
SgBongkok1_CH9050 48.18 3084.789 3.085 3.026 6.975428636
SgBongkok1_CH9000 42.96 3127.747 3.128 2.988 6.224396402
SgBongkok1_CH8950 44.81 3172.557 3.173 3.323 7.380125845
SgBongkok1_CH8900 43.36 3215.919 3.216 2.893 6.620984268
SgBongkok1_CH8850 51.77 3267.689 3.268 2.768 9.02047948
SgBongkok1_CH8800 47.96 3315.646 3.316 2.485 7.443395493
SgBongkok1_CH8750 50.20 3365.842 3.366 1.194 4.632982811
SgBongkok1_CH8700 40.77 3406.609 3.407 2.703 7.105978853
SgBongkok1_CH8650 39.65 3446.262 3.446 3.054 9.315200763
SgBongkok1_CH8600 58.90 3505.162 3.505 2.755 5.84963656
SgBongkok1_CH8550 44.94 3550.101 3.550 2.549 7.073984902
70
Cum. Cum.
Distance
(m)
(m) (km)
SgBongkok1_CH8500 45.51 3595.615 3.596 3.184 9.16031736
SgBongkok1_CH8450 37.18 3632.793 3.633 2.728 6.350611079
SgBongkok1_CH8400 26.78 3659.569 3.660 2.281 9.629726026
SgBongkok1_CH8350 32.61 3692.176 3.692 2.287 8.115436003
SgBongkok1_CH8300 36.19 3728.367 3.728 2.494 8.466280476
SgBongkok1_CH8250 34.67 3763.037 3.763 2.009 5.901655571
SgBongkok1_CH8200 44.02 3807.055 3.807 3.11 7.388284228
SgBongkok1_CH8150 50.00 3857.055 3.857 2.94 6.265983941
SgBongkok1_CH8100 43.95 3901.001 3.901 3.308 6.613647256
SgBongkok1_CH8050 41.32 3942.323 3.942 2.541 5.715854028
SgBongkok1_CH8000 50.36 3992.683 3.993 2.538 6.646575867
SgBongkok1_CH7950 48.79 4041.469 4.041 2.839 7.879673593
SgBongkok1_CH7900 47.29 4088.762 4.089 1.412 9.324624891
SgBongkok1_CH7850 44.76 4133.522 4.134 3.224 6.345130635
SgBongkok1_CH7800 54.01 4187.532 4.188 2.99 5.979745867
SgBongkok1_CH7750 48.03 4235.566 4.236 2.975 7.001817497
SgBongkok1_CH7700 45.30 4280.866 4.281 2.226 6.930476419
SgBongkok1_CH7650 40.96 4321.825 4.322 2.391 8.020400997
SgBongkok1_CH7600 43.98 4365.805 4.366 2.659 6.900321338
SgBongkok1_CH7550 49.58 4415.385 4.415 2.693 6.250994247
SgBongkok1_CH7500 49.79 4465.171 4.465 2.547 8.055534146
SgBongkok1_CH7450 45.72 4510.888 4.511 3.199 5.911722615
SgBongkok1_CH7400 49.33 4560.217 4.560 2.679 6.264471548
SgBongkok1_CH7350 49.80 4610.018 4.610 2.904 6.608781485
SgBongkok1_CH7300 49.95 4659.971 4.660 2.855 6.398140686
SgBongkok1_CH7250 47.44 4707.414 4.707 2.512 7.379063283
SgBongkok1_CH7200 49.52 4756.93 4.757 2.615 6.065312961
SgBongkok1_CH7150 47.52 4804.447 4.804 1.993 6.788224946
SgBongkok1_CH7100 45.62 4850.065 4.850 2.461 7.030886988
SgBongkok1_CH7050 44.47 4894.535 4.895 1.505 7.659753435
SgBongkok1_CH7000 48.63 4943.163 4.943 2.308 4.026880435
SgBongkok1_CH6950 45.35 4988.511 4.989 2.74 5.048173928
SgBongkok1_CH6900 48.96 5037.468 5.037 2.608 7.672302225
SgBongkok1_CH6850 50.85 5088.318 5.088 2.703 6.300242455
SgBongkok1_CH6800 50.95 5139.268 5.139 2.026 5.83781304
SgBongkok1_CH6750 49.08 5188.345 5.188 2.223 4.20855264
SgBongkok1_CH6700 42.43 5230.772 5.231 2.461 6.590101063
SgBongkok1_CH6650 46.80 5277.572 5.278 2.375 6.978388643
SgBongkok1_CH6600 54.10 5331.672 5.332 2.317 5.282631522
SgBongkok1_CH6550 44.46 5376.13 5.376 2.653 3.165562354
SgBongkok1_CH6500 44.38 5420.505 5.421 2.588 2.777556994
SgBongkok1_CH6450 39.06 5459.564 5.460 2.439 5.286078503
71
Cum. Cum.
Distance
(m)
(m) (km)
SgBongkok1_CH6400 48.49 5508.05 5.508 1.753 0.163326529
SgBongkok1_CH6350 47.84 5555.888 5.556 2.43 6.013174707
SgBongkok1_CH6300 44.64 5600.528 5.601 2.313 3.500211614
SgBongkok1_CH6250 51.98 5652.51 5.653 2.542 4.296185342
SgBongkok1_CH6200 49.75 5702.264 5.702 2.664 2.526865265
SgBongkok1_CH6150 50.03 5752.295 5.752 2.525 4.87004191
SgBongkok1_CH6100 41.64 5793.935 5.794 2.473 6.258805641
SgBongkok1_CH6050 45.05 5838.981 5.839 2.306 5.835007166
SgBongkok1_CH6000 43.84 5882.823 5.883 2.559 4.932601208
SgBongkok1_CH5950 46.18 5929.005 5.929 2.668 7.317964158
SgBongkok1_CH5900 49.80 5978.804 5.979 2.508 6.198383355
SgBongkok1_CH5850 45.63 6024.43 6.024 2.44 7.078184786
SgBongkok1_CH5800 52.95 6077.375 6.077 2.807 5.7759351
SgBongkok1_CH5750 43.67 6121.044 6.121 2.47 5.574647932
SgBongkok1_CH5700 50.61 6171.649 6.172 2.381 9.16443163
SgBongkok1_CH5650 44.64 6216.286 6.216 2.173 5.173803616
SgBongkok1_CH5600 47.43 6263.719 6.264 2.511 6.903930398
SgBongkok1_CH5550 46.83 6310.546 6.311 1.956 4.079713888
SgBongkok1_CH5450 62.05 6372.6 6.373 2.543 5.772275167
SgBongkok1_CH5400 49.25 6421.845 6.422 2.621 6.181451241
SgBongkok1_CH5350 54.10 6475.945 6.476 2.647 4.876551111
SgBongkok1_CH5300 38.37 6514.318 6.514 2.684 10.96541442
SgBongkok1_CH5250 49.06 6563.377 6.563 2.687 5.458500218
SgBongkok1_CH5200 48.72 6612.097 6.612 2.887 5.741701542
SgBongkok1_CH5150 49.97 6662.064 6.662 2.756 5.678195275
SgBongkok1_CH5100 49.08 6711.147 6.711 2.954 4.960969324
SgBongkok1_CH5050 43.48 6754.627 6.755 2.739 5.708790288
SgBongkok1_CH5000 39.16 6793.785 6.794 2.318 3.900899149
SgBongkok1_CH4950 49.95 6843.733 6.844 3.396 9.817456807
SgBongkok1_CH4900 44.69 6888.418 6.888 4.381 8.98281046
SgBongkok1_CH4850 50.82 6939.233 6.939 3.125 7.88684081
SgBongkok1_CH4800 50.14 6989.372 6.989 2.984 6.926447982
SgBongkok1_CH4750 49.49 7038.858 7.039 3.048 6.67877774
SgBongkok1_CH4700 42.54 7081.393 7.081 3.226 5.954927641
SgBongkok1_CH4650 48.83 7130.219 7.130 2.702 9.997309218
SgBongkok1_CH4600 50.48 7180.697 7.181 2.579 5.887772705
SgBongkok1_CH4550 50.00 7230.693 7.231 2.518 5.272434116
SgBongkok1_CH4500 42.46 7273.155 7.273 2.829 6.413662314
SgBongkok1_CH4450 50.18 7323.334 7.323 2.666 9.336288815
SgBongkok1_CH4400 41.99 7365.322 7.365 3.02 6.610052243
SgBongkok1_CH4350 47.75 7413.073 7.413 2.858 9.162653121
SgBongkok1_CH4300 43.04 7456.116 7.456 3.089 7.158435245
72
Cum. Cum.
Distance
(m)
(m) (km)
SgBongkok1_CH4250 48.96 7505.071 7.505 3.244 5.930759253
SgBongkok1_CH4200 31.71 7536.783 7.537 2.798 7.297264985
SgBongkok1_CH4150 38.49 7575.269 7.575 2.499 8.661598019
SgBongkok1_CH4100 36.68 7611.945 7.612 3.565 7.674030828
SgBongkok1_CH4050 49.56 7661.509 7.662 3.725 8.299675296
SgBongkok1_CH4000 48.63 7710.14 7.710 2.869 7.898416827
SgBongkok1_CH3950 30.91 7741.05 7.741 2.908 6.271120326
SgBongkok1_CH3900 29.75 7770.8 7.771 3.469 8.799888702
SgBongkok1_CH3850 49.06 7819.859 7.820 0.235 116.6910118
SgBongkok1_CH3800 48.22 7868.077 7.868 3.669 9.157684063
SgBongkok1_CH3750 47.87 7915.95 7.916 3.701 8.971647361
SgBongkok1_CH3700 45.31 7961.258 7.961 3.075 8.439757518
SgBongkok1_CH3650 50.06 8011.315 8.011 2.846 6.44159593
SgBongkok1_CH3600 49.67 8060.988 8.061 3.508 8.557766623
SgBongkok1_CH3550 47.74 8108.73 8.109 3.11 9.027453803
SgBongkok1_CH3500 51.68 8160.407 8.160 3.288 8.940336962
SgBongkok1_CH3450 48.05 8208.454 8.208 4.135 9.90957954
SgBongkok1_CH3400 49.29 8257.748 8.258 3.113 7.506437976
SgBongkok1_CH3350 45.56 8303.312 8.303 3.058 6.682704942
SgBongkok1_CH3300 49.80 8353.111 8.353 3.1 7.286651924
SgBongkok1_CH3250 44.97 8398.078 8.398 3.208 9.689090816
SgBongkok1_CH3200 50.85 8448.932 8.449 3.313 9.222035191
SgBongkok1_CH3150 38.89 8487.824 8.488 2.514 8.137704598
SgBongkok1_CH3100 50.41 8538.237 8.538 3.086 9.48641328
SgBongkok1_CH3050 49.39 8587.626 8.588 4.272 14.12974589
SgBongkok1_CH3000 51.42 8639.045 8.639 3.25 11.61233498
SgBongkok1_CH2950 53.44 8692.485 8.692 2.518 6.91718766
SgBongkok1_CH2900 49.61 8742.091 8.742 1.722 6.718547849
SgBongkok1_CH2850 45.70 8787.789 8.788 3.142 8.877347255
SgBongkok1_CH2800 49.45 8837.234 8.837 3.101 8.348613785
SgBongkok1_CH2750 50.17 8887.407 8.887 3.151 8.860749
SgBongkok1_CH2700 48.55 8935.955 8.936 3.276 11.22418703
SgBongkok1_CH2650 42.81 8978.765 8.979 3.21 11.6462501
SgBongkok1_CH2600 32.57 9011.33 9.011 2.752 8.326415508
SgBongkok1_CH2550 51.86 9063.19 9.063 3.131 10.21133734
SgBongkok1_CH2500 49.70 9112.885 9.113 3.508 8.809706257
SgBongkok1_CH2450 51.67 9164.555 9.165 3.197 9.822971581
SgBongkok1_CH2400 46.91 9211.468 9.211 2.858 9.008141238
SgBongkok1_CH2350 48.47 9259.938 9.260 2.87 7.780940643
SgBongkok1_CH2300 46.82 9306.755 9.307 3.048 8.931704683
SgBongkok1_CH2250 49.93 9356.684 9.357 3.054 12.23502434
SgBongkok1_CH2200 42.98 9399.664 9.400 2.693 8.268010404
73
Cum. Cum.
Distance
(m)
(m) (km)
SgBongkok1_CH2150 46.01 9445.673 9.446 2.189 8.215875484
SgBongkok1_CH2100 44.24 9489.916 9.490 2.595 6.537988243
SgBongkok1_CH2050 39.94 9529.858 9.530 3.493 8.121795997
SgBongkok1_CH2000 42.97 9572.828 9.573 3.639 9.637007802
SgBongkok1_CH1950 50.10 9622.931 9.623 3.324 8.322567873
SgBongkok1_CH1900 48.82 9671.749 9.672 3.395 9.385049837
SgBongkok1_CH1850 47.28 9719.03 9.719 3.349 10.22421471
SgBongkok1_CH1800 48.46 9767.487 9.767 3.702 7.02706883
SgBongkok1_CH1750 50.41 9817.899 9.818 3.304 9.118347548
SgBongkok1_CH1700 49.88 9867.781 9.868 3.97 9.210371411
SgBongkok1_CH1650 51.86 9919.636 9.920 3.571 6.907432286
SgBongkok1_CH1600 41.29 9960.923 9.961 3.066 6.669646006
SgBongkok1_CH1550 44.71 10005.631 10.006 3.505 7.284878809
SgBongkok1_CH1500 51.72 10057.355 10.057 3.251 6.813783996
SgBongkok1_CH1450 34.56 10091.918 10.092 3.058 10.1867061
SgBongkok1_CH1400 46.67 10138.587 10.139 3.434 9.07365522
SgBongkok1_CH1350 47.57 10186.152 10.186 3.636 6.622191342
SgBongkok1_CH1300 49.12 10235.27 10.235 3.594 8.136454773
SgBongkok1_CH1250 51.00 10286.27 10.286 2.572 5.33416914
SgBongkok1_CH1200 61.52 10347.79 10.348 3.816 7.681744858
SgBongkok1_CH1150 43.60 10391.39 10.391 3.825 11.36675746
SgBongkok1_CH1100 49.87 10441.264 10.441 3.552 9.88921062
SgBongkok1_CH1050 49.72 10490.98 10.491 3.303 8.400290966
SgBongkok1_CH1000 49.58 10540.563 10.541 3.347 8.58048269
SgBongkok1_CH950 50.32 10590.885 10.591 3.725 7.453474148
SgBongkok1_CH900 49.96 10640.84 10.641 3.631 31.8465597
SgBongkok1_CH850 48.46 10689.303 10.689 3.243 10.42321038
SgBongkok1_CH800 48.62 10737.922 10.738 3.991 10.42786821
SgBongkok1_CH750 48.01 10785.932 10.786 3.593 8.778455048
SgBongkok1_CH700 51.30 10837.232 10.837 3.177 8.363961935
SgBongkok1_CH650 55.38 10892.612 10.893 3.674 9.839245017
SgBongkok1_CH600 45.80 10938.412 10.938 3.504 7.160643453
SgBongkok1_CH550 49.81 10988.225 10.988 3.293 9.158977291
SgBongkok1_CH500 44.58 11032.8 11.033 3.104 9.080667276
SgBongkok1_CH450 40.70 11073.5 11.074 3.453 9.917221898
SgBongkok1_CH400 48.17 11121.666 11.122 3.635 8.722486181
SgBongkok1_CH350 40.99 11162.652 11.163 3.781 8.430548321
SgBongkok1_CH300 49.57 11212.223 11.212 3.46 7.985763685
SgBongkok1_CH250 49.12 11261.342 11.261 8.364 2.613474593
SgBongkok1_CH200 48.50 11309.842 11.310 3.915 8.306259356
SgBongkok1_CH150 51.78 11361.626 11.362 3.173 7.692358144
SgBongkok1_CH100 47.98 11409.604 11.410 3.389 8.93759376
74
Cum. Cum.
Distance
(m)
(m) (km)
SgBongkok1_CH50 49.43 11459.033 11.459 3.624 9.135228643
SgBongkok1_CH0 47.55 11506.587 11.507 3.935 10.18021547
SgBongkokBedong_CH9950 50.16 11556.747 11.557 3.283 9.590244683
75
Cum. Cum.
Distance
(m)
(m) (km)
SgBongkokBedong_CH7900 50.83 13605.345 13.605 4 12.49226929
76
Cum. Cum.
Distance
(m)
(m) (km)
SgBongkokBedong_CH5650 49.56 15774.381 15.774 4.92 0
SgBongkokBedong_CH4900 49.72 16489 16.489 4.172 14.81252797
77
Cum. Cum.
Distance
(m)
(m) (km)
SgMerbok1_CH27000 76.36 20890.884 20.891 3.368 34.86054268
SgMerbok1_CH26500 446.42 21337.299 21.337 1.7 22.40745087
SgMerbok1_CH26000 496.33 21833.625 21.834 4.438 69.41239211
SgMerbok1_CH25500 449.32 22282.94 22.283 2.386 58.7728289
SgMerbok1_CH25000 460.94 22743.884 22.744 1.34 24.8080604
SgMerbok1_CH24500 370.38 23114.261 23.114 3.614 58.484195
SgMerbok1_CH24000 470.81 23585.072 23.585 2.81 72.24791613
SgMerbok1_CH23500 419.74 24004.807 24.005 9.856 79.07380912
SgMerbok1_CH23000 499.74 24504.549 24.505 4.006 148.4243657
SgMerbok1_CH22500 474.91 24979.457 24.979 5.833 101.2072207
SgMerbok1_CH22000 502.31 25481.766 25.482 5.61 108.3105022
SgMerbok1_CH21500 520.33 26002.097 26.002 5.74 103.7634124
SgMerbok1_CH21000 502.72 26504.814 26.505 7.889 139.6198802
SgMerbok1_CH20500 484.67 26989.486 26.989 8.78 149.1574063
SgMerbok1_CH20000 460.47 27449.96 27.450 2.44 80.57867466
SgMerbok1_CH19500 477.73 27927.686 27.928 9.057 199.0302981
SgMerbok1_CH19000 490.42 28418.105 28.418 8.216 21.17788548
SgMerbok1_CH18500 525.70 28943.801 28.944 9.39 141.2142558
SgMerbok1_CH18000 490.66 29434.463 29.434 9.973 185.2504193
SgMerbok1_CH17500 482.73 29917.191 29.917 12.443 191.1760277
78
Cum. Cum.
Distance
(m)
(m) (km)
SgMerbok1_CH17000 504.20 30421.393 30.421 10.449 199.215415
SgMerbok1_CH16500 506.17 30927.562 30.928 11.168 262.5591478
SgMerbok1_CH16000 499.44 31427.001 31.427 14.121 198.0468987
SgMerbok1_CH15500 510.17 31937.169 31.937 11.99 277.2701632
SgMerbok1_CH15000 496.27 32433.439 32.433 11.955 330.534195
SgMerbok1_CH14500 511.94 32945.374 32.945 15.166 275.7109141
SgMerbok1_CH14000 447.03 33392.401 33.392 16.233 264.5155977
SgMerbok1_CH13500 478.11 33870.514 33.871 14.917 315.9009586
SgMerbok1_CH13000 496.25 34366.764 34.367 14.538 311.7056039
SgMerbok1_CH12500 511.54 34878.301 34.878 14.778 324.2032709
SgMerbok1_CH12000 517.31 35395.615 35.396 17.057 260.4261545
SgMerbok1_CH11500 504.68 35900.291 35.900 15.93 241.783549
SgMerbok1_CH11000 550.45 36450.738 36.451 14.828 417.6088835
SgMerbok1_CH10500 475.90 36926.639 36.927 13.627 388.1682951
SgMerbok1_CH10000 490.51 37417.148 37.417 14.84 270.0371862
SgMerbok1_CH9500 593.12 38010.271 38.010 18.89 249.2327511
SgMerbok1_CH9000 571.42 38581.69 38.582 12.412 496.1320334
SgMerbok1_CH8500 513.06 39094.751 39.095 8.324 666.0289675
SgMerbok1_CH8000 522.83 39617.582 39.618 10.79 414.5996625
SgMerbok1_CH7500 493.84 40111.42 40.111 18.046 297.0937338
SgMerbok1_CH7000 532.25 40643.671 40.644 20.012 266.7520404
SgMerbok1_CH6500 496.85 41140.524 41.141 14.623 427.15074
SgMerbok1_CH6000 484.02 41624.545 41.625 12.4 560.1142894
SgMerbok1_CH5500 502.50 42127.04 42.127 14.343 533.9206539
SgMerbok1_CH5000 475.76 42602.797 42.603 15.252 484.5570771
SgMerbok1_CH4500 496.45 43099.248 43.099 14.735 461.9512901
SgMerbok1_CH4000 529.57 43628.82 43.629 14.957 469.4867327
SgMerbok1_CH3500 619.83 44248.652 44.249 9.46 678.1048415
SgMerbok1_CH3000 512.31 44760.96 44.761 14.822 574.328124
SgMerbok1_CH2500 507.69 45268.645 45.269 12.55 762.9546576
SgMerbok1_CH2000 501.47 45770.116 45.770 10.311 920.7032597
SgMerbok1_CH1500 505.54 46275.658 46.276 9.525 1225.274621
SgMerbok1_CH1000 500.20 46775.86 46.776 7.463 1324.793926
SgMerbok1_CH500 500.34 47276.202 47.276 6.976 1649.334445
SgMerbok1_CH0 500.45 47776.652 47.777 1.45 498.4007664
79
APPENDIX B
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TMDL SG KELANTAN BASIN STAKEHOLDER
ENGAGEMENT WORKSHOP
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
APPENDIX C
SLIDES FOR TMDL SG KELANTAN BASIN STAKEHOLDER
ENGAGEMENT WORKSHOP (VERSION 1)
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
APPENDIX D
SLIDES FOR TMDL SG KELANTAN BASIN STAKEHOLDER
ENGAGEMENT WORKSHOP (VERSION 2)
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
BIODATA PENULIS
Nama : Goay Teoh Shu Yee

Alamat Tetap : 110, Jalan PP, 2/10 Taman Putra Prima, 47130
Nombor Telefon : 011-24012405
Email : [email protected]
Tarikh Lahir : 24 Februari 2024
Tempat Lahir : Alor Setar, Kedah
Kewarganegaraan : Malaysia
Bangsa : Cina
Jantina : Perempuan
Agama : Buddha
Pendidikan : Sarjana Muda Teknologi (Alam Sekitar) dengan Kepujian,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Anugerah : Anugerah Dekan Semester 1-7
Pengalaman : • Menyertai Introduction Identification Risk Assessment and
Risk Control (HIRARC)
• Menyertai Program Latihan Oil and Gas Safety Passport
(OGSP)
• Menyertai Program Mobiliti ke Universitas Dian
Nuswantoro, Semarang, Indonesia
• Menyertai Kursus Mobiliti Maya: Air Pollution Monitoring
& Environmental Impact of Tropical Forest and Peatland
Fire (APMEI) oleh Institut Teknologi Bandung
• Menyertai European Exhibition of Creativity and Innovation
2023 (EUROINVENT) di Romania
117

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REPORT OF

NAME : GOAY TEOH SHU YEE

MATRIC NO. : S60710

PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (ENVIRONMENT)

KAS4992B | SEM 2 2023/24

GOAY TEOH SHU YEE

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

THIS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT IS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT

FACULTY OF OCEAN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

This is acknowledged and confirmed that the Report of Industrial Training at

Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn Bhd (ACS) is a distinguished Malaysian

REPORT CONFIRMATION AND APPROVAL ......................................................... 3

1.1 Background of Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd. ....................... 1

CHAPTER 2 ANALYSIS DATA FOR QUAL2KW TMDL SG MERBOK ............. 12

2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 12

2.4.1 Data Collection from Stakeholders .............................................. 16

2.5 Outcomes .............................................................................................. 20

2.5.1 Outcomes for the Identification of Data Required for Qual2kw . 20

2.6 Summary .............................................................................................. 21

CHAPTER 3 DATA ANALYSIS ON WATER QUALITY FOR TMDL SG

3.4.1 Boxplot Preparation ..................................................................... 25

3.5 Outcomes .............................................................................................. 28

CHAPTER 4 PREPARATION FOR STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 44

CHAPTER 5 EXPERIENCES AND SKILLS ............................................................ 54

5.1 Experiences and Knowledge Obtained................................................. 54

5.1.1 Teamwork and Collaboration ...................................................... 54

5.2 Skills in Computer Science .................................................................. 56

5.2.1 Excel Skills .................................................................................. 56

5.3 Relationship Network ........................................................................... 58

CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................... 61

6.1 Problems Encountered .......................................................................... 61

6.3.1 Enhancing Software Proficiency .................................................. 63

6.4 Recommendations to Organization ...................................................... 63

NH3-N Ammonia Nitrogen

APPENDIX A THE TABULATED RESULT ON DATA ANALYSIS FOR THE

1.1 Background of Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd.

Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn Bhd (ACS) is a distinguished Malaysian

Figure 1.1 The logo of Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd.

Figure 1.2 The Engineering Excellence award in 1992

Figure 1.4 The Gold Award of Special Merit (2004)

Figure 1.5 The Gold Award of Special Merit 2010

Figure 1.8 The Certificate of ISO9001:2015 Standards

Figure 1.9 displays a map indicating the location of Angkasa Consulting

Figure 1.9 The Map of Angkasa Consulting Services Sdn. Bhd.

Angkasa Consulting Services maintains a strong focus on objectivity,

• Dam Engineering • Geology and Geotechnical

1.4 Organization Chart

Figure 1.12 Organization chart

ANALYSIS DATA FOR QUAL2KW TMDL SG MERBOK

The escalating concerns surrounding river pollution have emerged as a

2.2 Problem Statement

To maintain and protect water quality, it is essential to establish Total

2.4.1 Data Collection from Stakeholders

To ensure comprehensive and accurate data collection for establishing TMDL

These stakeholders provided crucial insights into data availability and

2.4.2 Identification of Data Required for Qual2kw

In preparation for the first-time implementation of QUAL2KW in the

2.4.3 Data Preprocessing