Noise

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS
THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA
THE MASTER PLAN STUDY

ON
URBAN FACILITIES RESTORATION AND IMPROVEMENT
IN MONROVIA IN THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SURVEY

ON
THE PROJECT FOR RECONSTRUCTION
OF SOMALIA DRIVE
IN
FINAL REPORT
March 2010
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY
YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD.

KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL EID
JR
09- 125
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS
THE MASTER PLAN STUDY

ON
URBAN FACILITIES RESTORATION AND IMPROVEMENT
IN MONROVIA IN THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SURVEY

ON
THE PROJECT FOR RECONSTRUCTION
OF SOMALIA DRIVE
IN
FINAL REPORT
March 2010
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY
YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD.

KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL
Exchange Rates:
LRD 1.00=USD 0.014
USD 1.00 = JPY 93.13
(As of September 2009)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Government of Liberia is undertaking extensive road rehabilitation/construction Projects to construct

new roads, as well rebuild deteriorated road networks that were destroyed as a result of the past civil conflict
or that have outlived their lifespan. Through financial assistance from the development partners, the
Government wishes to expand or upgrade the existing 2-lane Somalia Drive, on the outskirt of Monrovia,
into 4-lane motor road.
Purpose and Need
The Somalia Drive, between the Freeport of Monrovia to Red Light, Paynesville, in Montserrado County,
Liberia, is a very important road. This 13.7 kilometers road links the largest seaport and industrial complex
at Freeport/Freezone to the largest market at Red Light and the rest of the interior of Liberia. It is presently a
2-lane road with no standard sidewalk and drainage system.
The existing Somalia Drive is approximately 7.3 m by width and allows only one vehicle in each direction,
with a broken center line to allow vehicles to pass slow moving traffic. The road was constructed in 1978
and originally intended to be 4-lane. However, only 2-lane was constructed and have been rehabilitated over
the years, the most recent being a World Bank sponsored-Project in 2008.
The shoulder of the road is unpaved and there is no sidewalk. There is also no drainage system to allow for
floodwater movement during periods of rain, which is nearly half of the year.
Economic and population growth in the settlements along the Somalia Drive have accelerated drastically
since the construction of the existing road. With the rehabilitation of the port, expansion of stores and
markets at Red Light and industrial activities in the interior, utilization of this road is expected to increase
significantly over the coming years.
In 2009, the daily traffic volume on the Somalia Drive was calculated at 24,500 Passenger Cars Unit (PCU)
per day at the eastern section of the road. It is estimated that the volume in 2014 will increase to over 150%
of road capacity at all stretches and traffic condition will be more serious.
The present traffic congestion on the two-lane road is having significant economic losses and negative
impact on the lives of the population in the settlements along the route. The upgrade of the road to a four-
lane motor road will have immense positive impact and will ensure smooth traffic flow.
Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework
There are several policies, laws, and regulations specific to areas of environmental impact that affect the
construction and rehabilitation of motor roads. As a matter of policy, Annex I (Section 6) (13) of the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of Liberia requires an Environmental & Social Impact Assessment
(ESIA) for Projects that would have a significant impact on the environment. The construction and
expansion/upgrading of road as indicated in Item 13 of the Annex is listed amongst those Projects requiring
an Environmental Impact Assessment. As such, there is a statutory requirement for conducting an
environmental impact assessment for the proposed Project. In addition, other existing pieces of international
and national legislation and regulations have relevance to the development and implementation of this
Project with regard to environmental and social concern.
Policies, regulations and administrative frameworks expected to be met for the Project include those of the
World Bank, the Liberian government and the Guidelines of JICA.
Public and Site Stakeholder Participation and Comments
As a part of the environmental impact assessment, the social aspect of the Project was also considered. At
present, the shoulder of the Somalia drive, particular the left flank of the right-of-way intended for the
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expansion, is greatly occupied. It is used mainly for commercial purposes including markets, nearby stalls,
open garages and some residential premises.. Public consultations and scoping studies were conducted in
accordance with the Section 11 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law of Liberia. The
purpose of the scoping process is to identify, inform, and receive input from the affected stakeholders and
interested parties, determine and narrow the scope of issues to be addressed in the ESIA, identify and define
the significant environmental and social impacts that may be caused by the Project, ensure public
participation, and ensure all relevant issues and alternatives are adequately addressed.
During the public and site stakeholder meetings, various questions and concerns were raised regarding
Project impacts mainly to PAP’s, soil, surface water, groundwater, air quality, noise, traffic, and
socioeconomics.
The Terms of Reference formulated from these processes assisted in the preparation of this ESIA and will
also be utilized for a management plan.
Description of Proposed Action
The Government of Liberia requested the Government of Japan on the reconstruction and/or upgrade of the
Somalia Drive into 4-lane motor road. The road will extend from the Freeport of Monrovia to the Red Light,
Paynesville
The Ministry of Public Works is the executing agency to undertake the expansion of the road. The Project
will also include the construction of drainage, bridges, and other features associated with road construction.
With a positive response and the provision of funding, a detail plan of the road will be undertaken. This will
determine the exact land surface to be used, utilizing the present right-of-way on the left flank. A proper
survey will be undertaken to accomplish this. If additional property must be purchased or PAPs to be
relocated voluntarily, this will be done during this period, as would any review of environmental concerns or
land in the area that might be impacted by the Project. Once the design plans are completed, the bids for the
construction work will be solicited and awarded.
The time of the day that construction will take place and detours set will be determined so as not to totally
obstruct the flow of traffic on the existing road, particularly during rush hours; so that people are not
seriously inconvenient.
Alternatives to Proposed Action
The formulation of alternatives for analysis in the ESIA involved the review of prior studies. Alternatives
were evaluated for their ability to attain the Project goals and objectives and as the alternative analysis
process merged with the environmental process, the safety and environmental need for a motor road link
between the Freeport of Monrovia and Red Light was evaluated with consideration of environmental and
social needs.
Alternative 1 considers constructing 2-lane motor road north of the existing Somalia Drive. It will be a 12
kilometers road connected to the Monrovia-Kakata Highway, about 375 meters north of the Red Light
Junction. Towards the Freeport of Monrovia, this road will link with the Jamaica Road and connect with the
existing Somalia Drive. It is only 1.25 kilometers of the Somalia Drive that will be upgraded into 4-lane
road.
However, this alternative was withdrawn from consideration at this time as it is expected to lead to the
involuntary relocation of many legitimate property owners along that route, penetrate the Stephen Tolbert
Housing Estate, a low-income housing Project, as well as temper with the Mesurado wetland, which is a
Ramsar Projected area. It is also inconsistent with the Poverty Reduction Strategy being fostered by the
Government of Liberia in that it will cause the displacement of many persons.
Alternative 2 considers constructing 2-lane motor road south of the existing Somalia Drive. It will be a 13
kilometers road connected to the Monrovia-Kakata Highway, about 325 meters south of the Red Light
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Junction. It connects with the United Nations Drive at about 150 meters south of the Freeport junction.
This alternative was withdrawn from consideration as it is expected to lead to the involuntary relocation of
many legitimate property owners along that route with the Paynesville and Bushrod Island areas. It is also
expected to penetrate a vast portion of the Mesurado wetland, which is a Ramsar designated area. It is also
inconsistent with the Poverty Reduction Strategy being fostered by the Government of Liberia in that it will
cause the relocation of many persons.
Under the No-Action Alternative, the short- and long-term environmental impacts identified of this ESIA
would not occur. Conversely, the objectives of the Project would not be met, and easing the traffic problem
between the Freeport and Red Light corridor will not be solved. While an alternative scenario may be
considered over subsequent years, increase in population in the settlements along the route and increase in
PCU of the road is likely to increase over the years, as predicted. This is going to result in a serious transport
problem for the communities and road users.
The proposed Project – expanding or upgrading the Somalia Drive to 4-lane motor road - will create a free
flow of traffic along the route and ease the travel time for residents of settlements along the route. It will
also lead to increase in revenue for the Government of Liberia due to increase in usage of the port by
importers in neighboring countries.
The No Action alternative will retain the existing Somalia Drive in its present condition. This will therefore
lead to the following drawbacks:-
1. It will not be consistent with the long-term objective of reducing congestion.

2. It will not provide sufficient capacity for Projected 2014 and beyond traffic.
3. It will not facilitate the efficient movement of goods and services through the area.
4. It will not complete the planned regional integrated transportation network between West African
States.
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING/IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
Hydrology
There are two (2) waterways within the Project area. The Stockton Creek is near the western flank of the
Project area. It is the largest of the waterways. The Warner Creek is almost at the mid-section of the
Somalia Drive. These water bodies are channelized, but have banks that are composed by mangrove swamps
that are flooded seasonally.
Rainfall is very common. The rainy season runs for half of the year, from April to October. And the annual
rainfall reaches up to 4,000 mm. Without drainage along the present Somalia Drive, washes are very
common during the periods of rains. Floods, swamps and washes in the Project area, particularly formed
during the rainy season drain into the 2 creeks, which eventually empty into the Mesurado River/Wetland.
The groundwater system within the Project area consists of shallow aquifers. Groundwater can be
encountered at depth as shallow as 1 meter.
Water Quality
The chemical quality of the water within the Project area is generally satisfactory for commercial and
industrial uses. Water samples were collected from the two (2) streams, Stockton and Warner Creeks. A
third sample was collected from water well within the Project area.
The results of the analyses show that the levels of total suspended solids generally range from 24 to 29 ppm,
between 29.0 to 29.4º C. The pH ranges between 6.5 and 6.8. The conductivity ranges between 2.4 and 2.9.
Although present groundwater quality is satisfactory, there is a slow trend towards reduced water quality due
to increased surface runoff, especially during the rainy season, septic tanks failures in the watershed’
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utilization of swamps/wetland for excretions, and other un-hygienic treatment of floodwaters which settle in
communities and eventually seep into the ground.
Flood Hazards
The right-of-way of the Somalia Drive is likely to flood at the Freeport and Cow Factory, especially during
the rainy season. Without a drainage system constructed with the existing 2-lane motor road, run-off from
the exposed road is common. The topography of the area also does not allow fast movement of water, as the
area is a relatively flat plain.
Urban development in the communities along the existing Somalia Drive reduces the total ground absorption
area by creating impermeable surfaces. Storm runoff, increased by the presence of impermeable surface
from construction, contributes to flooding within the right-of-way. The amount and frequency of rain is
variable, but the lack of drainage system in the Project area contributes to the flow problem. Rainfall is the
Project area is sometime in the form of thunderstorms and other fast moving relatively intense storms, which
may cause flash floods. There is a tendency for flash flood in the area. During periods of intense rainfalls,
there are occasional occurrences of floodwater washing over the existing 2-lane in the Freeport area.
Due to the permeability and porosity of the soil in the Project area, flood water is likely to seep into the
ground or discharge into the two major water bodies, or smaller water bodies. All of the water bodies
subsequently drain into the Mesurado River.
BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Vegetation
There is very little vegetation, mainly near the two (2) main water bodies. Most of the vegetation is
dominated by native grasses, ferns and common scrub-shrub species. Occasional few trees grow in the
communities along the flank of the road. These provide shades from the sun for residents. There are also
some cultivated vegetables planted as food supplements by residents. Among these are the cassava, ‘potato
greens’, etc.
Along the banks of the two (2) water bodies in the Project area, there are secondary growth riparian
vegetation, which includes the herbaceous wetland species of arrowhead, pickle weed, bulrush, and water
lilies.
Wildlife
The main mammals known to the area are domestic animals, mainly dogs and cats. Very little or no other
wild mammals can be found in the Project area. What may be found are likely domesticated.
Few avian species were identified from surveys throughout the Project area, most utilizing the open
grasslands, scrub shrub, and wetland habitats. The red eye dove was the most abundant species within the
Project limits; however, the cattle egrets were seen as cattle graze an area along the flank of the existing
Somalia Drive. The birds are most abundant in the riparian and wetlands of the Project areas.
Herpetofauna include the species from the ectothermic (cold-blooded) animal families, amphibians and
reptiles. Species from these families can be found only in the water bodies and wetlands. Interviews with
local residents indicate that the overall herpetofauna population is poor, and only a few small lizards and frog
species were directly observed.
Reptiles observed in the Project area included lizards; and amphibians observed included the toad frog and
tadpoles. Though snakes were said to be seen in the riparian zones, none were observed during the surveys.
Fish species listed by the fishermen and residents were identified by the local names and included catfish,
crayfish, tilapia, bonny, sunfish, and mudfish. Locals also indicated that there were crabs in the two (2) main
water bodies.
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Rare or Endangered Species
Crocodile
From a survey conducted in 1988, only the Nile crocodiles were found to habitat the Mesurado wetland.
This includes the nearby wetlands of the Stockton and Warner Creeks. This habitat is completely
surrounded by the City of Monrovia and its suburbs. The Somalia Drive runs across the entire northern flank
of the Mesurado wetland.
Mangrove
On the southern flank of the Somalia Drive is the Mesurado wetland. This ecosystem is also found along
the Stockton and Warner Creeks, in small strips in the Project area. The wetlands of the Mesurado River,
Stockton and Warner Creeks are mangroves, trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the
tropics and subtropics.
Relatively, no vegetation and wildlife in the area that will be immensely affect by the Project. The major
area of concern for vegetation and wildlife will be in the riparian zone along the Stockton Creek, as a bridge
is already constructed over the Warner Creek.
To help mitigate impacts to the vegetation and wildlife in the riparian zone along the Stockton Creek, the
Project proponent will allow very little removal during the construction phase and replanting during the
operation phase.
Animal species identified in this zone during construction will be recorded in a wildlife-sighting logbook and
periodically reviewed to determine success of species abundance and/or distribution.
The proponent will enforce a "no killing" policy during construction.
Storm water runoff and any wastewater discharges will be managed and treated to minimize impacts to
aquatic plants and animals in the two (2) major water bodies – the Stockton and Warner Creeks. These
practices will include good housekeeping practices, sediment and erosion control structures, wastewater and
process area storm water treatment, and oil/water separators. All hazardous materials will be located in
secure storage facilities that are protected from and impervious to storm water runoff and, where necessary,
stored with adequate secondary containment.
LAND USE SETTING
The length of the Somalia Drive, which expansion or upgrade is considered under this Project, is located
within three (3) communities. The western extent from the Freeport of Monrovia to the Stockton Creek
Bridge falls within the City of Monrovia, the extent between the Stockton Creek Bridge and the Warner
Creek Bridge, commonly called the Double Bridge, falls within the Township of Gardnersville and the
eastern extent between the Warner Creek Bridge and the Red Light falls within the City of Paynesville.
The land use along the Project area varies. There are urban residential, commercial, industrial areas and
open space land use along the route. The land use is in no particular order. The cities and township councils
have granted some land occupants squatter rights to occupy land near and within the right-of-way of the road
with no specific usage condition. Hence, residential units are located between open air garages, shops and
market stalls, filling stations and industrial facilities.
Housing
There are 172 residential units within the Project area. There were other units marked as unoccupied, which
are under construction or abandoned. Some of these units will definitely be used as residential units. Only
very few of these units existed at the time of the construction of the existing 2-lane road. The increase up to
the present time is a result of the influx of people from many parts of the country due to the civil crisis during
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the 1990’s.
Commercial
There are 929 commercial units in the Project area. Further, most of the 156 units indicated as unoccupied
are likely to be commercial units.
Some of the commercial activities undertaken within the Project area include open air garages, filling
stations, merchandise shops and general market stalls.
If the Project is to be implemented, occupants of the structures in the Project area will have to be resettled to
other locations.
Resettlement options to mitigate the impact of displacement may include replacement or cash compensation
for lost assets and structure, as well as relocation allowance. Asset replacement measures will either be in
kind which could involve provision of alternative land, residential and business structures, or in cash
settlement that may involve monetary awards commensurate with the value of the lost assets.
Air Quality, Noise & Vibration
The Project site is located in an urban setting with many domestic and industrial activities in the immediate
area. There are many sources of air pollution which contribute to degrading the ambient air quality of the
area. Some of these sources include emissions from vehicular traffic (particulates and combustion
emissions), combustion of diesel fuels to power small and large scale electrical generators in the absence of
electrical supply, combustion of wood materials for cooking, and burning of miscellaneous wastes.
There is no national air quality standard. However, the EPA has a tentative standard that is acceptable.
At the moment, there is no national noise standard. Hence, the noise reading proposed for the Project is that
set forth by Ghana, which is that noise level must not exceed 60 decibels (dBA), the maximum allowable
exterior noise level in areas with some commercial or light industry.
During construction of the road, air emissions of particulates will be limited by spraying water on dirt roads
and piles of cleared debris/loose soil during the dry season. Noise reduction measures on individual pieces of
equipment (i.e. mufflers) will limit noise levels to below significance levels. Personnel working in areas of
high noise will be required to wear ear plugs or muffs to protect against hearing loss, and those in areas of
high particulate emissions will be required to wear a dust filter mask to protect against inhalation of
particulates.
During operation, particulate (dust) emissions from use of the road will be controlled by use of water sprays,
particularly during the dry season.
Conclusion
With the use of the proposed mitigation, reconstruction and operation of the Somalia Drive in the City of
Monrovia, Liberia would have limited adverse environmental impact and significant socioeconomic benefits.
The primary reasons for this conclusion are:
 By reconstructing and expanding the Somalia Drive to 4-lane road, there will be a reliable and
improved means of transportation in this part of Liberia.
 Air emissions, noise levels, and wastewater and storm water discharges will meet the World Bank,
JICA and EPA standards.
 JICA will develop and implement an Environmental Management Plan to mitigate and monitor
impacts on air and water quality, noise, wildlife, vegetation, traffic, and health and safety.
 An environmental inspection and mitigation monitoring program will be implemented to ensure
compliance with all mitigation measures imposed by the Liberian EPA, World Bank and JICA
Standards.
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 Emission controls and water spraying will be utilized to reduce operational air emissions.
 Wastewater and storm water will be managed prior to discharge, thus minimizing impacts to the
surrounding water bodies.
 JICA and MPW will provide training programs thereby enhancing the skills and employability of
the local labor pool.
 The Project will create jobs for Liberians during construction, together with utilization of local
goods and services to the extent possible allowing for creation of small and medium enterprise and
cottage industries, thus creating additional employment opportunities.
ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION
Anticipated Environmental Impact
The following identifies physical, biological, social and economic factors, which might be impacted by the
proposed Project. In many cases, the background studies performed in connection with this Project clearly
indicate that it will not affect a particular item except an involuntary resettlement.
Assessment in EIA
Scoping
No Items of adverse impact Design Construction Operation Description
Stage
Stage Stage Stage
1 Involuntary resettlement A A B B * Relocation of PAPs
Local economy such as * Loss of jobs of
2 employment and live- B B B B PAPs;
hood * Loss of livelihood
* No local resources
Land use and utilizations
3 B D D D will be used for the
of local resources
Project
* No decision-making
Social institutions such as
infrastructure is
4 social infrastructures and B D D D
located in the Project
local decision-making
area.
Existing social *Destruction &
5 infrastructures and B B B D demolition of
services infrastructure
*There are many poor
Social environment
* No minority
The poor, indigenous of
6 B B B B population was
ethnic people
observed in the
Project area
Misdistribution of benefit * No misdistribution
7 and damage B D D D of benefit and
damage is considered
* No heritage site,
Heritage, Graveyard, graveyard or
8 Sanctuary B D D D sanctuary was
observed in the
Project area.
Local conflict of interest * There exist no local
9 B D D D
conflict of interest
* The will be no use of
Water usage
10 B D D D water from project
area
* Occupation hazard
Public Hygiene associated with
11 B B B B
construction
activities
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Assessment in EIA
Scoping
Stage
Stage Stage Stage
Infectious diseases such *The surveys did not
12 B C B B
as HIV/AIDS etc. fully consider these
Very minor change to
13 Geographic features B D D D
topography
* Seepage or spill of
14 Soil Erosion B D B D fuel/chemicals;
* erosion due to runoff
15 Groundwater B B B B
fuel/chemicals
Hydrology fuel/chemicals;
16 B B B D
* Pulling of concrete
into waterway
* The Project is not
17 Seastrand B D D D located along the
seashore.
* Minimal clearing of
18 Fauna, Flora, Ecosystem B D D D
vegetation
Little or no impact to
19 Climate B D D D
the climate
* The landscape is
20 Landscape B D D D relatively flat and no
change expected.
* Little or no impact is
21 Global warming B D D D
expected
* Emission of gases
and particulates from
22 Air pollution B B B B
vehicle movement
and site clearing
23 Water pollution B B B B
fuel/chemicals
* Solid or hazardous
Pollution
24 Waste B B B B waste from

construction
* Increased noise
emissions from road
25 Noise and vibration B D D D
traffic and heavy
equipment
* Accident associated
26 Accidents B B B B with construction
activities
SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY WITHIN ROW
Findings of Social-Environmental Survey within ROW show that a great majority of PAPs are in favor of the
proposed rehabilitation/expansion of the Somalia Drive, along with their required resettlement due to the
implementation.
Survey Methodology and Approach
The survey focused on collection of primary data on demographic characteristics, income and livelihoods,
and housing conditions. The primary data sources used to describe the existing socio-environmental situation
are as follows:-
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 Census of all project affected people;
 Structure survey based on units that are to be directly affected by the Project;
 Public/community consultations that provide qualitative data; and
 Inventory and valuation of structures and affected assets in the area.
ADVERSE IMPACTS ON PAPS BY THE PROJECT
The Project is likely to impact the lives of occupants within the Project area. The major adverse impacts
include permanent losses of residential lands, homelessness, and loss of access to property and resources and
joblessness. Despite the fact that PAPs are likely to relocate due to the implementation of the Project, the
PAPs acknowledge that the road expansion is very useful to the country and are willing to make the sacrifice.
Following Table and Figure show the willingness of the PAPs to the road expansion.
Table PAPs’ willingness to the road expansion PAPs Acce p tan ce o f Ro ad Exp an s io n
Yes
Is the Road Expansion Useful? Survey Report
No
Yes 1,791 94.16%
No A nswer
No 13 0.68%
No Answer 98 5.15% Figure PAPs’ willingness to the Project.
1,902 100.00%
Majority of the PAPs – 95.06% expressed willingness to move so as to facilitate commencement of the
Project. Most of the PAPs – 89.85% requested to be given adequate notice and want to move within 1-2
months, if requested. In view of the urgency to commence the road expansion work, it is important to
negotiate with the majority who are not disposed to leave much sooner to facilitate earlier start date of the
Project.
Mitigation: Resettlement options to mitigate the impact of displacement may include replacement or cash
compensation for lost assets and structure, as well as relocation allowance. Asset replacement measures will
either be in kind which could involve provision of alternative land, residential and business structures, or in
cash settlement that may involve monetary awards commensurate with the value of the lost assets.
And measure to reduce the number of PAPs in design stage is so much recommended.
Site Stakeholders Meetings
To obtain the fullest participation of PAPs and interested stakeholders, several meetings were planned in
order to ensure that all possible concerns were addressed. Since the 13.7 km length of the Somalia Drive cuts
across different communities, the meetings were scheduled in the different communities so as to ensure
participation of all PAPs. The meetings were scheduled as shown in below.
Freeport of Monrovia to Battery Factory Junction - December 5, 2009 at 12:00 p.m. at

1
the Faith & Victory School System, near Jamaica Road Junction.
Battery Factory Junction to Supermarket - December 5, 2009 at 3:00 pm at the Jimmy
2
Jolocon School, near the Police Depot, Supermarket.
Supermarket to Chicken Soup Factory Junction - December 12, 2009 at 3:00 p.m. at the
3
Jerusalem A.G. School, opposite M.T.A., Gardnerville.
Chicken Soup Factory Junction to St. Francis Junction - December 12, 2009 at 12:00
4
p.m., at the Monrovia Vocational Training Center (MVTC).
St. Francis Junction to 72nd Junction - December 19, 2009 at 12:00 p.m. at the Calvary
5
Temple School.
72nd Junction to Red Light - December 19, 2009 at 3:00 p.m. at the Paynesville Central
6
Academic School.
The comments of potentially affected persons, businesses, interest groups and the public at large were
required by December 31, 2009. The majority of the comments dealt with ensuring PAPs should be
informed adequately before the commencement of the road construction and that they are given some
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assistance to relocate. A major comment from many PAPs is that the Project proponent reduces the
width of the Project area from a distance of 150 feet from the mid-section of the existing road to a
width of 100 feet. No one expressed opposition to the Project.
THE MESURADO WETLAND
The Impacts on the Mesurado Wetland
Liberia contains coastal and inland wetlands which are under intensive threats due to community
livelihoods activities, land reclamations/refill for human habitation, agricultural activities,
infrastructure development and economic activities. Degradation of the Wetland may affect the
availability of ground and surface water in the long run. Generally, knowledge of the ecological values
and services of wetlands in the Country is inadequate, owing to weak technical and human capacity,
inadequate institutional framework, and inadequate assessment. The Wetland and other wetlands in
the Country are located at sites of eco-tourism interest, a situation which could be explored and
developed to contribute to the national poverty reduction efforts now being implemented by the
Liberia Government and her international partners. According to the Environmental Protection
Agency of Liberia (EPA, 2009), there exist five (5) RAMSAR sites in Liberia; which includes the
Marshall, Lake Piso, Kpatawee, Gbedin and the Mesurado Wetlands.
The Government has plans to manage these sites which have received less awareness except for Lake
Piso which received significant level of awareness in the last eight years. Despite this, major threats
still exist. There is a need for national instruments and mechanisms to deal with threats to wetlands in
Liberia.
Liberia as a Contracting Party to the Ramsar Convention on Wetland of International Importance is

under obligation to manage sustainably all wetlands of international significance. The over all
objective of the Convention is to prevent the net loss of wetlands. The Ramsar Convention was
created on February 2, 1971 in the City of Ramsar, Iran and it came into force on December 21, 1975.
It major outcome is the adoption of strategic plans to preserve wetlands.
Recommendation for Strategic Priorities for Clean-up and Remediation
The first priority action by the NWC is to seek relevant legislations for the legislative enactment of the
proposed policy. The policy after enactment becomes the tool for addressing the issues of wetland
problems in Liberia. The committee can be then lobby for other laws that may be needed for critical
situations.
The second priority action will be establishing full management authority over all Rasmar sites. In
order to do this, several projects will be designed for each site that will involve the local authorities
and expertise. This will require high level assistance from donors.
The third priority action will seek to integrate wetland issues in the national planning process that will
ensure the protection of wetland by all sectors. This means mainstreaming wetland issues.
The fourth action of priority will seek a national mobilization process through a national awareness
program that aims at behavioral change towards wetlands. This will target wetland communities and
policy makers.
The fifth priority action will seek international cooperation with neighbors of shared water resources.
The cooperation will focus on joint projects around management authority and communication
strategies.
The sixth priority action is the issues concerning the boundary definitions of Rasmar sites and
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compensation of wetland habitats.
Since it has been observed that boundary of the Mesurado Wetland has to be well defined, therefore
EPA is recommended to define the actual preservation area in accordance with the Resolution VII.23:
Issues concerning the boundary definition of Ramsar sites and compensation of wetland sites;
Article 1 of Resolution: AWARE that Article 2.1 of the Convention obliges Contracting Parties to
describe precisely and delimit on a map the boundaries of the wetlands designated for inclusion in the
List of Wetlands of International Importance and RECALLING Resolution 5.3 which recognized that
some wetlands were designated for the List before any criteria or information recording system had
been developed under the Convention.
Article 4 of Resolution: NOTHING that at present there is no guidance provided by the Convention to
assist Contracting Parties considering the deletion or restriction of the boundaries of a Rasmar site to
establish a true and internationally acceptable case of urgent national interest, and therefore how to
meet their obligations under Article 4.2 in terms of listing suitable compensatory habitat.
Article 8 of Resolution: RECOGNIZES that there are situations, other than the urgent national
interest provision of Article 2.5 of the Convention text, where Ramsar site boundary may warrant
further definition, for example, where boundaries were erroneously or inaccurately defined at the time
of listing.
FRAME OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The construction of the Somalia Drive road will enhance basic economic activities and social services in
Monrovia and its environments. This requires the Government of Liberia to prepare and implement an
Environmental Management Plan (EMP), to prevent, minimize or mitigate site specific environmental
impacts.
The Environmental Management Plan framework is one of the several required field surveys to be
undertaken prior to commencement of works on construction or rehabilitation of new roads that linked the
Central Business District, Bushrod Island, and other sub-urban areas of Monrovia. The Project is being
undertaken by the Government of Liberia through the Ministry of Public Works. The Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) is prepared in fulfillment of requirements of the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) of Liberia. Potential impacts on air, water, soil, aquatic life, landscape, as well as vegetation and
corresponding mitigation measures are considered, in addition to socio-economic impacts of the Project and
the appropriate plan for people that will be affected by the Project.
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the reconstruction of the Somalia Drive will define roles,
responsibilities and procedures in the preparation of an Environmental Management Plan Framework
(EMPF) for the reconstruction of the Somalia Drive Road.
Objective of the EMP
The primary objective of the EMP is to identify possible adverse environmental and social impact associated
with the Project and proposes mitigating measures to prevent, minimize, or remedy such problems in order to
ensure environmental sustainability. The specific objectives include:
・To describe and assess the existing environment likely to be impacted;

・To identify and assess the types and magnitude of the potential impacts;
・To prepare plans for managing impacts so that they are kept within acceptable levels; and
・To identify adverse, social impacts.
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)
xi
This Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) provides the guidelines for the implementing Agency (MPW) on
how, to recognize needs for resettlement planning and how to conduct it and implement the result. This
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is specifically for the conditions of the Proposed Reconstruction of
the Somalia Drive Road Project.
The Resettlement Policy Framework includes:

 Principles and Standards from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Guideline for
Environmental and Social consideration;
 Procedures for analyzing situations and preparing Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) or abbreviated
RAP; and
 Sample Terms of Reference (TOR) for RAP including outline of content of the RAP Document.
.
RECOMMENDATION TO THE GOVERNMENT OF LIBERIA
Involuntary Resettlement
① To establish inter-ministerial organization which is solely responsible for involuntary

resettlement. The proposed organization is presented as follows;
② To identify the PAPs in accordance with the physical field survey and facility design on
reconstruction and formulate both EMP (Environmental Management Plan) and RAP
(Resettlement Action Plan), and take necessary actions in accordance with EIA procedures
required in the country.
③ To obtain the agreement from PAPs on involuntary resettlement and carry out compensation and
relocation in accordance with prepared RAP before implementation of the Project.
Environmental Monitoring
① To provide sufficient materials to carry out environmental monitoring such water analysis,
ambient air analysis, noise/vibration analysis those to evaluate the sustainable pollution level
those stipulated in Liberia.
② To improve management capability by involving the wetland technicians, local community
members and other stakeholders in; enhancing of knowledge and understanding of the ecological
processes, values and services of wetlands; training of how to manage and use their wetlands;
developing an appropriate wetlands legislative framework for Liberia; developing planning and
management systems for Liberia’s wetlands.
xii
Table of Contents
Page
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROJECT ..................................................... 1-1

1.2 PRESENT POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK........ 1-3
1.3 PUBLIC AND SITE STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION AND
COMMENTS ........................................................................................................ 1-5
CHAPTER 2 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES........................................................ 2-1
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION.......................................................... 2-1

2.1.1 Proposed Process Description ................................................................ 2-2
2.2 ALTERNATIVES TO PROPOSED ACTION ..................................................... 2-2
2.3 ALTERNATIVE 1: 2-LANE ROAD NORTH OF THE EXISTING
SOMALIA DRIVE................................................................................................ 2-3
2.4 ALTERNATIVE 2: 2-LANE ROAD SOUTH OF THE EXISTING
SOMALIA DRIVE................................................................................................ 2-4
2.5 NO-ACTION ALTERNATIVE ............................................................................ 2-4
CHAPTER 3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT OF THE PROJECT AREA........................................ 3-1
3.1 TOPOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 GEOLOGY AND SOILS ...................................................................................... 3-2
3.3 CLIMATE ............................................................................................................. 3-3
3.4 WATER RESOURCES......................................................................................... 3-4
3.4.1 Hydrology .............................................................................................. 3-4
3.4.2 Water Quality......................................................................................... 3-4
3.4.3 Flood Hazards ........................................................................................ 3-5
3.5 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES............................................................................... 3-6
3.5.1 Vegetation .............................................................................................. 3-6
3.5.2 Wildlife .................................................................................................. 3-7
3.5.3 Herpetofauna.......................................................................................... 3-7
3.5.4 Fish......................................................................................................... 3-7
3.5.5 Rare or Endangered Species................................................................... 3-8
3.5.6 Pests ....................................................................................................... 3-9
3.5.7 Vectors ................................................................................................. 3-10
i
3.6 AIR QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................. 3-10
3.7 LAND USE SETTING........................................................................................ 3-11
3.7.1 Housing ................................................................................................ 3-12
3.7.2 Commercial.......................................................................................... 3-12
3.7.3 Industrial .............................................................................................. 3-13
3.8 NOISE & VIBRATION ANALYSES ................................................................ 3-13
CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION ....................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Anticipated Environmental Impact........................................................................ 4-1

4.2 DISCUSSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ............................. 4-1
4.2.1 Involuntary Resettlement ....................................................................... 4-1
4.2.2 Local Economy such as Employment and Live-hood............................ 4-1
4.2.3 Land Use and Utilizations of Local Resources ...................................... 4-2
4.2.4 Social Institutions such as Social Infrastructures and
Local Decision-making .......................................................................... 4-2
4.2.5 Existing Social Infrastructures and Services.......................................... 4-6
4.2.6 The Poor, Indigenous People of Ethnic People...................................... 4-6
4.2.7 Misdistribution of Benefit and Damage ................................................. 4-6
4.2.8 Heritage, Graveyard, Sanctuary ............................................................. 4-6
4.2.9 Local Conflict of Interest ....................................................................... 4-6
4.2.10 Water Usage........................................................................................... 4-7
4.2.11 Public Hygiene....................................................................................... 4-7
4.2.12 Infectious Diseases such as HIV/AIDS etc. ........................................... 4-7
4.2.13 Geographic Features .............................................................................. 4-7
4.2.14 Soil Erosion............................................................................................ 4-8
4.2.15 Groundwater........................................................................................... 4-8
4.2.16 Hydrology .............................................................................................. 4-8
4.2.17 Seastrand ................................................................................................ 4-9
4.2.18 Fauna, Flora, Ecosystem ........................................................................ 4-9
4.2.19 Climate ................................................................................................. 4-12
4.2.20 Landscape............................................................................................. 4-12
4.2.21 Global Warming................................................................................... 4-12
4.2.22 Air Pollution......................................................................................... 4-14
4.2.23 Water Pollution .................................................................................... 4-14
4.2.24 Waste.................................................................................................... 4-14
4.2.25 Noise and Vibration ............................................................................. 4-15
4.2.26 Accidents.............................................................................................. 4-15
4.3 DISCUSSION ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS ......................................... 4-16
ii
4.4 SCOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES................ 4-18
4.4.1 Involuntary Resettlement ..................................................................... 4-18
4.4.2 Biological Resources............................................................................ 4-18
4.4.3 Erosion and Sediment Control ............................................................. 4-19
4.4.4 Air Quality & Noise ............................................................................. 4-19
4.4.5 Waste Management.............................................................................. 4-20
CHAPTER 5 SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY WITHIN ROW .......................................... 5-1
5.1 SURVEY METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH ............................................... 5-1

5.2 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT AREA ............................................................. 5-2
5.3 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ............................................................ 5-2
5.4 ECONOMIC AND LIVELIHOOD STRUCTURE OF PAPS .............................. 5-3
5.5 HOUSING IN THE PROJECT AREA ................................................................. 5-3
5.6 LAND TENURE ................................................................................................... 5-4
5.7 PATTERN OF SOCIAL INTERACTION AND COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION................................................................................................. 5-5
5.8 RESETTLEMENT ON PAPS ............................................................................... 5-6
5.8.1 Present Resettlement Policy Framework ............................................... 5-6
5.8.2 Regulatory Framework........................................................................... 5-7
5.8.3 Adverse Impacts on PAPs by the Project............................................... 5-7
5.9 LAND ACQUISITION AND PAPS RELOCATION SYSTEM I
N LIBERIA ......................................................................................................... 5-10
5.10 TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE PREPARATION OF EIA
PERMIT/LICENSE ............................................................................................. 5-13
CHAPTER 6 GENERAL PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION .......................... 6-1
6.1 SCOPING PROCESS............................................................................................ 6-1

6.2 CONSULTATIONS WITH RELATED MINISTRIES ........................................ 6-1
6.3 SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY .............................................................. 6-2
6.4 SITE STAKEHOLDERS MEETINGS ................................................................. 6-2
CHAPTER 7 THE MESURADO WETLAND................................................................................. 7-1
7.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 7-1

7.2 HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS .............................................................................. 7-2
7.3 THE IMPACTS ON THE MESURADO WETLAND ......................................... 7-2
iii
7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING........................................................................... 7-3
7.4.1 Physical Features of the Mesurado Wetland .......................................... 7-3
7.5 WETLAND RESOURCES ................................................................................... 7-4
7.6 MANGROVE FORESTS RESOURCES.............................................................. 7-5
7.7 WILDLIFE ............................................................................................................ 7-5
7.8 FISHERIES RESOURCES ................................................................................... 7-6
7.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................... 7-6
7.9.1 Ecological............................................................................................... 7-6
7.9.2 Social...................................................................................................... 7-6
7.9.3 Health ..................................................................................................... 7-7
7.9.4 Economic ............................................................................................... 7-7
7.10 CONSTRAINTS.................................................................................................... 7-7
7.11 NATIONAL EFFORTS TO ADDRESS WETLAND PROBLEMS .................... 7-8
7.12 RECOMMENDATION FOR STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR
CLEAN UP AND REMEDIATION ..................................................................... 7-8
7.13 REFERENCE ...................................................................................................... 7-10
CHAPTER 8 FRAME OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................... 8-1
8.1 BACKGOUND OF THE ANTICIPATED EMP .................................................. 8-1

8.1.1 Background of the Project Area............................................................. 8-2
8.1.2 Project Description................................................................................. 8-2
8.1.3 Objective of the EMP............................................................................. 8-3
8.1.4 Objectives of the Project ........................................................................ 8-4
8.1.5 Major Civil Works ................................................................................. 8-4
8.1.6 Applicable Environmental Quality Standards........................................ 8-4
8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................... 8-6
8.2.1 Air Quality ............................................................................................. 8-6
8.2.2 Soil ......................................................................................................... 8-6
8.2.3 Water Quality......................................................................................... 8-6
8.2.4 Flora: ...................................................................................................... 8-7
8.2.5 Aquatic Life: .......................................................................................... 8-7
8.3 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT................................................. 8-7
8.4 THE IMPACTS ARE BRIEFLY DISCUSSED BELOW: ................................... 8-9
8.4.1 Air .......................................................................................................... 8-9
8.4.2 Water...................................................................................................... 8-9
8.4.3 Noise .................................................................................................... 8-10
8.4.4 Soil Erosion.......................................................................................... 8-10
iv
8.4.5 Accident hazard.................................................................................... 8-10
8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES ........................... 8-10
8.5.1 Design Phase ........................................................................................ 8-10
8.5.2 Construction Phase............................................................................... 8-11
8.5.3 Operation Phase ................................................................................... 8-12
8.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN .................................................... 8-12
8.6.1 Construction Phase............................................................................... 8-12
8.6.2 Operation Phase ................................................................................... 8-13
8.7 COST ESTIMATES FOR MITIGATION AND MONITORING ...................... 8-15
8.7.1 Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase ................................. 8-15
8.7.2 Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase...................................... 8-16
8.7.3 Costs for Implementation of Monitoring ............................................. 8-16
CHAPTER 9 RECOMMENDATION TO THE GOVERNMENT OF LIBERIA............................ 9-1
APPENDIX
1. Format of Site Survey
2. Attendance List of Stakeholder Meeting
3. Resettlement Policy Framework
4. Environmental Guideline for Contractors
v
Table & Figure
Page
Table 2-1 Comparison between the proposed Project, alternatives and no action. .................. 2-5
Table 3-1 Water quality of Project area.................................................................................... 3-5

Table 3-2 Fresh-related water quality standards....................................................................... 3-5
Table 3-3 Air quality standard acceptable to the EPA. .......................................................... 3-11
Table 3-4 Housing units along the Somalia Drive ................................................................. 3-12
Table 3-5 Commercial units along the Somalia Drive ........................................................... 3-13
Table 3-6 Noise standards acceptable by the EPA of Liberia (Ghana Standards) ................. 3-13
Table 4-1 Anticipated adverse impact by proposed Project ..................................................... 4-3

Table 4-2 Emission unit of CO2, NOx, SPM ......................................................................... 4-13
Table 4-3 Forecasting results of air pollution in With and Without....................................... 4-13
Table 4-4 Expected mitigation amount by the Project ........................................................... 4-13
Table 4-5 Accident and occupational hazards associated with the Project. ........................... 4-16
Table 4-6 Waste streams associated with the Project............................................................. 4-20
Table 5-1 Age groups of PAPs................................................................................................. 5-2

Table 5-2 PAPs distribution by gender .................................................................................... 5-3
Table 5-3 Livelihood/occupation of PAPs. .............................................................................. 5-3
Table 5-4 Structures in the Project area.................................................................................... 5-4
Table 5-5 Structure types in the Project area............................................................................ 5-4
Table 5-6 Title rights of PAPs.................................................................................................. 5-4
Table 5-7 Length of stay of PAPs in area................................................................................. 5-5
Table 5-8 PAPs’ desires to live in the Project area .................................................................. 5-7
Table 5-9 PAPs’ willingness to the road expansion. ................................................................ 5-7
Table 5-10 PAPs’ willingness to Move...................................................................................... 5-9
Table 5-11 PAPs’ timeframe to vacate project area. .................................................................. 5-9
Table 5-12 Issues of concerns of PAPs. ..................................................................................... 5-9
Table 5-13 PAPs’ method of resettlement................................................................................ 5-10
Table 5-14 Assessed value of the properties of PAPs. ............................................................. 5-10
Table 5-15 Comparison of Liberian Regulations & World Bank Policy
on Involuntary Resettlement. ................................................................................. 5-12
Table 6-1 Schedule of stakeholders (community) meetings..................................................... 6-2
Table 7-1 Mesurado River water analysis ................................................................................ 7-4
Table 8-1 Liberia water quality standards: for coastal waters marine...................................... 8-4
Table 8-2 Ambient air quality standards (tentative) ................................................................. 8-5
Table 8-3 Ambient noise level standards (Ghana Standards)................................................... 8-6
Table 8-4 Water quality of Project area.................................................................................... 8-7
Table 8-5 Anticipated adverse impact by proposed Project ..................................................... 8-8
Table 8-6 Sampling frequencies of water & air qualities ....................................................... 8-13
Table 8-7 Mitigation measures during designs phase ............................................................ 8-14
Table 8-8 Mitigation measures during construction phase..................................................... 8-14
Table 8-9 Mitigation measures during operation phase ......................................................... 8-15
Table 8-10 Purchase of equipment ........................................................................................... 8-16
Table 8-11 Annual labor cost for compliance monitoring/inspection ...................................... 8-16
Table 8-12 Cost for compliance monitoring (samples analysis) .............................................. 8-16
Figure 1-1 Map showing location of the Project area................................................................ 1-2

Figure 1-2 Existing Somalia Drive and Project area ................................................................. 1-2
Figure 1-3 Typical cross section of proposed Project................................................................ 1-3
Figure 2-1 Location of Somalia Drive in and outside Monrovia............................................... 2-1

Figure 2-2 Tentative diagram and cross section of the proposed Somalia Drive
(after Project completion). ....................................................................................... 2-2
Figure 2-3 Existing Somalia Drive and Proposed alternatives. ................................................. 2-3
Figure 3-1 Map of the Project area ............................................................................................ 3-1

Figure 3-2 Geologic map of the Project area. ............................................................................ 3-2
Figure 3-3 Annual climate distribution of Liberia ................................................................... 3-3
Figure 3-4 Water samples collection stations ............................................................................ 3-4
Figure 3-5 Outline of flood hazard along Project Road............................................................. 3-6
Figure 3-6 Protected wildlife species of Liberia........................................................................ 3-8
Figure 3-7 Mesurado Wetland near the Somalia Drive ............................................................. 3-9
Figure 3-8 Mangrove in the Mesurado Wetland........................................................................ 3-9
Figure 3-9 Different municipals along the Somalia Drive....................................................... 3-11
Figure 5-1 Typical Cross Section of Project Road .................................................................... 5-1

Figure 5-2 Typical market along Somalia Drive ....................................................................... 5-2
Figure 5-3 Graph of age distribution of PAPs. .......................................................................... 5-2
Figure 5-4 Population gender of PAPs. ..................................................................................... 5-3
Figure 5-5 Livelihood/occupations of PAPs.............................................................................. 5-3
Figure 5-6 Graphs of structure units in Project area. ................................................................. 5-4
Figure 5-7 Graphs of structure types in Project area. ................................................................ 5-4
Figure 5-8 Graph showing title rights of PAPs.......................................................................... 5-4
Figure 5-9 Length of stay of PAPs in Project area .................................................................... 5-5
Figure 5-10 PAPs’ desire to live in Project area.......................................................................... 5-7
Figure 5-11 PAPs’ willingness to the Project. ............................................................................. 5-7
Figure 5-12 Graph of PAPs’ willingness to move. ...................................................................... 5-9
Figure 5-13 Graph of timeframe of PAPs to vacate Project area................................................. 5-9
Figure 5-14 Graph of PAPs major concerns. ............................................................................... 5-9
Figure 5-15 Graph of PAPs method of resettlement.................................................................. 5-10
Figure 5-16 Environmental assessment procedure in Liberia.................................................... 5-13
Figure 6-1 Announcement in newspaper ................................................................................... 6-1

Figure 6-2 Map of site stakeholders meetings along the Somalia Drive. .................................. 6-3
Figure 6-3 Partial view of Participants of the first meeting....................................................... 6-3
Figure 6-4 Partial view of participants of the second meeting .................................................. 6-5
Figure 6-5 Partial view of participants of the third meeting ...................................................... 6-6
Figure 6- 6 Partial view of participants of the fourth meeting.................................................... 6-8
Figure 6-7 Partial view of participants of the fifth meeting,
with a PAP raising a concern ................................................................................. 6-10
Figure 6-8 Partial view of participants of the sixth meeting.................................................... 6-12
Figure 7-1 Mesurado Wetland near the Somalia Drive ............................................................. 7-1
Figure 7-2 Map shows the points where water tasted................................................................ 7-4
Figure 7-3 Dumped metals in the Mesurado Wetland. .............................................................. 7-6
Figure 9-1 Skelton brief of IRC................................................................................................. 9-1

LIST OF ACRONYMS
AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

CO2 - Carbon Dioxide
CO - Carbon Monoxide
COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand
COI - Corridor of Impact
dBA - decibels
EA - Environmental Assessment
EPA - Environmental Protection Agency of Liberia
EIS - Environmental Impact Statement
EMP - Environmental Management Plan
EMPF - Environmental Management Plan Framework
ESIA - Environmental & Social Impact Assessment
FDA - Forestry Development Authority
FM - Frequency Modulation
GPS - Global Positioning System
ha - Hectacres
HIV - Human Immunodificiency Virus
IIU - Infrastructure Implementation Unit
IRC - Inter-ministerial Resettlement Committee
JICA - Japanese International Cooperation Agency
JBIC - Japan Bank for International Cooperation
km - kilometer
LRRRC - Liberia Refugee Resettlement and Reintegration Commission
M&E - Monitoring and Evaluation
MPW - Ministry of Public Works
MTA - Monrovia Transit Authority
MUTCD - Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Device
MVTC - Monrovia Vocational Training Center
NO - Nitrogen Oxide
NO2 - Nitrogen Dioxide
NOx - Nitrogen Oxides
PAPs - Project Affected Persons
PCU - Passenger Car Unit
PM - Particulate Matters
PPE - Personal Protective Equipment
PRW - Provisional Road Width
RAP - Resettlement Action Plan
RMZ - Riparian Management Zone
ROW - Right of Way
RPF - Resettlement Policy Framework
RPM - Reparable Particle Matter
SD - Somalia Drive
SO2 - Sulfur Dioxide
SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter
Sq - Square
TSS - Total Suspended Solids
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROJECT
The Somalia Drive, between the Freeport of Monrovia to Redlight, Paynesville, in Montserrado
County, Liberia, is a very important road. This 13.7 kilometers road links the largest seaport and
industrial complex at Freeport/Freezone to the largest market at Redlight and the rest of the
interior of Liberia.
When the Somalia Drive was first constructed in 1978, the population of the settlements along
the route was far less. Over the last three (3) decades, the population has risen to more than
200,000, by virtue that the recent census has reported increase of five (5) districts of 40,000
persons each, for the communities along and nearby the route. The two-lane road that served the
population then can not properly serve the present population. As a result, there is much traffic
congestion along the route. The distance of 13.7 kilometers that should take approximately 15
minutes to travel presently takes about 2 hours or more during peak periods of the day. Further
increase in the population and/or users of the road in the near future will result into long travel
times.
Before the Liberian civil crisis in 1990, Liberia was the conduit for the transportation of goods
to the interiors of the neighboring countries of Sierra Leone, Guinea and Ivory Coast. The
Somalia Drive serves as the major route from the Freeport of Monrovia to the interior of Liberia,
and into neighboring countries. With the return of normality, the Freeport is once more going to
serve as a gateway to neighboring countries because of the shorter distance and transportation
cost from the Freeport to the interior of neighboring countries as compared to seaports of those
countries. This is going to increase hauling trucks on the Somalia Drive, and at the present
situation, lead to further congestion in the traffic on the route. The use of the Freeport of
Monrovia by neighboring countries will lead to revenue generation by the Government of
Liberia.
It is also expected that a regional road network should connect West African States. The main
route connecting Western Liberia to the north and east where other major regional routes are
connected is the Somalia Drive. However, the 2-lane road falls short of international standard of
a regional road network. Upgrading the Somalia Drive to 4-lane motor road will enable it meet
international standard of a regional road network.
The proposed Project – expanding or upgrading the Somalia Drive to 4-lane motor road will
create a free flow of traffic along the route and ease the travel time for residents of settlements
1-1
along the route. It will also lead to increase in revenue for the Government of Liberia due to
increase in usage of the port by importers in neighboring countries.
It is presently 2-lane road with no standard sidewalk and drainage system. The proposed Project
is therefore intended to achieve the following:-
 expand the existing two-lane road to four-lane;

 facilitate the effective and efficient flow of people, goods and services through this
important area; and,
 improve safety of road users and pedestrians;
The existing Somalia Drive is 2-lane motor road of approximately 7.3 m by width. It allows
only one vehicle in each direction, with a broken center line to allow vehicles to pass slow
moving traffic. The road was originally intended to be 4-lane motor road. However, only 2-lane
was constructed and have been rehabilitated over the years, the most recent being a World Bank
sponsored-project in 2008. Figure 1-1 is a map showing the location of The Project area in
Liberia, while Figure 1-2 shows the existing road.
Gu
e
ine
on
Le
a
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Sie
ast
Ivo ry Co
Atl
an
tic
Oc
e an
Figure 1-1 Map showing location of The Figure 1-2 Existing Somalia Drive and
Project area. Project area.
In 2009, the daily traffic volume on the Somalia Drive was calculated at 24,500 Passenger Cars
Unit (PCU) per day at the eastern section of the road. It is estimated that the volume in 2014
will increase to over 150% of road capacity at all stretches and traffic condition will be more
serious.
The present traffic congestion on 2-lane road is having significant economic losses and negative
impact on the lives of the population in the settlements along the route. The upgrade of the road
to 4-lane motor road will have immense positive impact and will ensure smooth traffic flow.
Figure 1-3 shows the designs of the existing Somalia Drive and 4-lane proposed by The
Project.
1-2
Figure 1-3 Typical cross section of proposed Project
1.2 PRESENT POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
There are several policies, laws, and regulations specific to areas of environmental impact that
affect the construction and rehabilitation of motor roads. As a matter of policy, Annex I (Section
6) (13) of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires an Environmental & Social
Impact Assessment (ESIA) for projects that would have a significant impact on the environment.
The construction and expansion/upgrading of road as indicated in Item 13 of the Annex is listed
amongst those projects requiring an Environmental Impact Assessment. As such, there is a
statutory requirement for conducting an environmental impact assessment for the proposed
Project. In addition, other existing pieces of international and national legislation and
regulations have relevance to the development and implementation of this project with regard to
environmental and social concern. In this section, the relevant policies, statutory requirements,
and guidelines that would impact the environmental assessment of this proposed Project are
outlined.
(1) Policy Framework
1) National Environmental Policy (2003)
This Policy aims at improving the physical environment, quality of life and coordination
between economic development, growth, and sustainable management of natural resources.
Key objectives of the policy include:
 The systematic and logical framework with which to address environmental issues;
 Benchmarks for addressing environmental problems in the medium- to long-term;
 Context for financial/donor support to particular sectors and non-sector;
 The means for generating information and awareness on environmental problems; and
 To demonstrate Liberia’s commitment to sustainable management of the environment.
2) World Bank Policies
The World Bank’s social and environmental safeguard policies seek to prevent and mitigate
potential adverse impacts associated with the Bank’s lending operations that may adversely
affect people and their environment. The road rehabilitation project warrants the World Bank’s
1-3
safeguard policies on Environmental Assessment OP 4.01 and Involuntary Resettlement OP
4.12.
3) OP/BP 4.01-Enviornmental Assessment
The World Bank requires environmental screening of each proposed Project to determine the
appropriate extent and type of EA process. OP 4.01-Enviornmental Assessment outlines the
policy and procedure for environmental assessment of the Bank’s lending operations. The road
rehabilitation project is classified as Category A, which could have potential adverse
environmental impacts on human population as well as the environment.
4) OP 4.12-Involuntary Resettlement
The policy deals with direct economic and social impacts that may result from
internationally-sponsored projects, and are likely to cause the involuntary taking of land
resulting in relocation or loss of shelter; loss of assets or access to assets or loss of income
sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another
location. This policy applies to the road expansion/upgrading anticipated under the proposed
Project.
(2) Regulatory Framework
The Liberian Constitution and other laws provide for resettlement and compensation. This
section provides a detailed description of the legal framework for the implementation of
involuntary resettlement projects in Liberia, taking into account the following applicable
Liberian Laws.
1) Liberian Constitution of 1986
Article 22 (a) and (b) of the Constitution gives right to all individuals to own property, either on
individual basis or in conjunction with other individuals, as long as they are Liberian citizens.
The right to ownership of property however does not extend to mineral resources on, or beneath
the land.
2) Land Acts
Before independence, land acquisition and distribution in Liberia was done on the basis of
relationship and class system. This system of land tenure was seriously opposed and it led to the
establishment of a set of rules known as the ‘Digest of Law’ to govern the affairs of the settlers
in terms of land distribution’. This subsequently culminated into the Land Distribution Act of
1856, which removed the restriction to land distribution on the basis of citizenship. Later, this
Act was repealed by the 1950 Land Act which restricted land ownership to citizens and
naturalized citizens, especially those of Negro descent.
1-4
(3) Administrative Framework
The administrative institutions or agencies of Government that have the statutory roles in
implementation of the proposed Project are as follows:
1) Ministry of Public Works
This ministry has the statutory responsibility to design, construct and maintain roads, highways,
bridges, storm sewers, public buildings and other civil works. Additionally, it is also responsible
to carry out urban and town planning, as well as provide architectural and engineering
supervision of infrastructure required for waste management. The Ministry has an Infrastructure
Implementation Unit (IIU), charged with the implementation of Urban Works Project on behalf
of the Ministry.
(4) Ministry of Planning and Economic Affairs
This Ministry has the statutory mandate to coordinate national and regional developmental
planning and monitor their implementations.
1) Ministry of Lands, Mines and Energy
This Ministry, besides its pivotal role in mineral resource development, is also charged of
administering and regulating public and private lands. This includes land tenure, land policy,
land reform, land use, planning, and other aspects of land administration.
2) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The EPA is responsible for monitoring, coordinating, and supervising the sustainable
management of Liberia’s environment. It is mandated to ensure the conduct of EIA for
projects and programs that are likely to have significant adverse effects on the environment.
1.3 PUBLIC AND SITE STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION AND COMMENTS
As a part of the environmental impact assessment, the social aspect of The Project was also
considered. At present, the shoulder of the Somalia drive, particular the left flank of the
right-of-way intended for the expansion, is greatly occupied. It is used mainly for commercial
purposes including markets, nearby stalls, open garages and some residential premises.
Stakeholders meetings and scoping studies were conducted in accordance with the Section 11 of
the Environmental Protection and Management Law of Liberia. The purpose of the scoping
process is to identify, inform, and receive input from the affected stakeholders and interested
parties, determine and narrow the scope of issues to be addressed in the ESIA, identify and
define the significant environmental and social impacts that may be caused by The Project,
ensure public participation, and ensure all relevant issues and alternatives are adequately
addressed.
1-5
Comprehensive site stakeholder meetings were conducted between November and December
2009 to identify priority concerns of people that may be affected by The Project and more
accurately identify the full range of potential impacts to be evaluated in the ESIA.
Representatives of the Environmental Consultant and the Ministry of Public Works met with
affected and concerned community members from the settlements along the length of the
Somalia Drive at six (6) site stakeholder meetings. Before then, a full demographic survey
was conducted to obtained information from affected persons. A comprehensive database of
Interested and Affected Parties was also developed.
During the public and site stakeholder meetings, various questions and concerns were raised
regarding project impacts mainly to PAPs, soil, surface water, groundwater, air quality, noise,
traffic, and socioeconomics.
The Terms of Reference formulated from these processes assisted in the preparation of this
ESIA and will also be utilized for a management plan.
1-6
CHAPTER 2
PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION
The Government of Liberia requested the Government of Japan on the reconstruction and/or
upgrade of the Somalia Drive into 4-lane motor road. The road will extend from the Freeport of
Monrovia to the Red Light, Paynesville, as shown in Figure 2-1 below.
Figure 2-1 Location of Somalia Drive in and outside Monrovia.
The Ministry of Public Works is the executing agency to undertake the expansion of the road.
The Project will also include the construction of drainage, bridges, and other features associated
with road construction.
Figure 2-2 shows the tentative diagram and cross section of the proposed road. It will consist of
four (4) lanes of 3.25 meters each. There will be a meridian of 1 meter separating the traffic in
both directions. There will also be 1.5 meter space separating the right lane from 4 meter
sidewalk to be construction.
2-1
Figure 2-2 Tentative diagram and cross section of the proposed Somalia Drive
(after Project completion).
2.1.1 Proposed Process Description
The need for improving the transportation problem along the Somalia Drive has already been
identified. Preliminary study has determined the expansion of the existing 2-lane road into
4-lane road. The best undertaking will be to utilize the left flank of the right-of-way and nearby
lands for the purpose.
The environmental and social impact assessment is now being done to determine the
environmental and social effects that the Project will have.
With a positive response and the provision of funding, a reconstruction design of the road will
be undertaken. This will determine the exact land surface to be used, utilizing the present
right-of-way on the left flank. A detailed measurement survey to assess the affected property
will be undertaken to accomplish this. If additional property must be purchased or PAPs to be
relocated involuntarily, this will be done during this period, as any review of environmental
concerns arisen or private land in the area that might be affected by the Project.
Once the design plans are completed, the tender for the construction work will be solicited and
awarded.
2.2 ALTERNATIVES TO PROPOSED ACTION
This section describes the alternatives analysis by which the preferred alternative was identified.
It also describes how this process complies with the applicable requirements of the
Environmental Protection Agency and other international environmental conventions and
2-2
concerns. Alternatives that were considered at different sites are also described, along with the
reasons why they were rejected.
The formulation of alternatives for analysis in the ESIA involved the review of prior studies.
Alternatives were evaluated for their ability to attain the Project goals and objectives and as the
alternative analysis process merged with the environmental process, the safety and
environmental need for a motor road link between the Freeport of Monrovia and Red Light was
evaluated with consideration of environmental and social needs. Figure 2-3 shows the proposed
Project and alternatives.
Map of Greater Monrovia
Existing Somalia Drive
- Alternative 1: Motor road North of existing Somalia Drive

- Alternative 2: Motor road South os existing Somalia Drive.
Figure 2-3 The existing Somalia Drive and Proposed alternatives.
2.3 ALTERNATIVE 1: 2-LANE ROAD NORTH OF THE EXISTING SOMALIA DRIVE.
This alternative considers constructing 2-lane motor road north of the existing Somalia Drive. It
will be 12.0 kilometers new road connected to the Monrovia-Kakata Highway, about 375 meters
north of the Red Light Junction. Towards the Freeport of Monrovia, this road will link with the
Jamaica Road and connect with the existing Somalia Drive. It is only 1.25 kilometers of the
Somalia Drive that will be upgraded into 4-lane road.
However, this alternative was withdrawn from consideration at this time as it is expected to lead
to the involuntary relocation of many legitimate property owners along that route, penetrate the
Stephen Tolbert Housing Estate, a low-income housing project, as well as temper with the
Mesurado wetland, which is a Ramsar projected area. It is also inconsistent with the Poverty
Reduction Strategy being fostered by the Government of Liberia in that it will cause the
displacement of many persons.
2-3
2.4 ALTERNATIVE 2: 2-LANE ROAD SOUTH OF THE EXISTING SOMALIA DRIVE.
This alternative considers constructing 2-lane motor road south of the existing Somalia Drive. It
will be 13.3 kilometers road connected to the Monrovia-Kakata Highway, about 325 meters
south of the Red Light Junction. It connects with the United Nations Drive at about 150 meters
south of the Freeport junction.
This alternative was withdrawn from consideration as it is expected to lead to the involuntary
relocation of many legitimate property owners along that route with the Paynesville and
Bushrod Island areas. It is also expected to penetrate a vast portion of the Mesurado wetland,
which is a Ramsar projected area. It is also inconsistent with the Poverty Reduction Strategy
being fostered by the Government of Liberia in that it will cause the relocation of many persons.
2.5 NO-ACTION ALTERNATIVE
Under the No-Action Alternative, the short-term environmental impacts identified of this ESIA
would not occur. Conversely, the objectives of the Project would not be met, and easing the
traffic problem between the Freeport and Red Light corridor will not be solved. While an
alternative scenario may be considered over subsequent years, increase in population in the
settlements along the route and increase in PCU of the road is likely to increase over the years,
as predicted. This is going to result in a serious transport problem for the communities and road
users and result the serious social and environmental adverse impacts as well as serious
economic damage. For the reasons detailed below, the No-Action Alternative was considered
but rejected. Table 2-1 shows the comparison between the proposed Project, the alternatives
and no action.
The No Action alternative will retain the existing Somalia Drive in its present condition. This
will therefore lead to the following drawbacks:-
It will not be consistent with the long-term objective of reducing congestion.

It will not provide sufficient capacity for projected 2014 and beyond traffic.
It will not facilitate the efficient movement of goods and services through the area.
It will not complete the planned regional integrated transportation network between West
African States.
2-4
Table 2-1 Comparison between the proposed Project, alternatives and no action.
Project Cost Economic impacts Social impacts Pollution Comprehensive
Description Facility
(mil. $) (rating) (rating) (rating) (rating)
・ 13.7 km of road ・ Enhance economic ・ Number of Involuntary ・ Noise and air level will
expansion activity resettlement is moderate be stable when EMP is
・ 2 bridge improvement ・ Available to mitigate the properly applied
adverse impact when
Proposed Project 22.8 Good
RAP is properly applied
(Good) (Fair) (Fair)

・ 12.0km of new ・ Enhance economic ・ Affected structure will be ・ Noise and air pollution
construction and activity five times or more of level to inhabitants
1.25km of expansion proposed one along new road will
Alternative 1:
・ 4 new bridges ・ Required land acquisition increase
2-lane road 41.7 Bad
is estimated as 48ha
north
2-5
(Good) (Very Bad) (Bad)

・ 13.3km of new ・ Enhance economic ・ Affected structure will be ・ Noise and air pollution
construction activity two times of proposed level to inhabitants
・ 9 new bridges one along new road will
Alternative 2:
・ Required land acquisition increase
2-lane road 51.2 Bad
is estimated as 53.2ha ・ Adverse impact to
south
Mesurado wetland will
increase
(Good) (Bad) (Bad)
・ Aging of bridges ・ Affect the local economy, ・ Air pollution level will
and traffic land-use, infrastructure increase due to the
congestion will etc. and living standards gaseous emission
No Action affect economic of inhabitants will be
Nil Nil Very Bad
Alternative activity very affected in a medium and
seriously long-term
(Very Bad) (Very Bad) (Very Bad)

CHAPTER 3
EXISTING ENVIRONMENT OF THE PROJECT AREA
Liberia is located on the west coast of Africa and is bordered on the north by Guinea, on the east
by Côte d’Ivoire, on the south and southwest by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the northwest by
Sierra Leone.
Monrovia is the capital and country’s largest city, and is located in Montserrado County.
Monrovia has an estimated population of about 1.1 million inhabitants. Liberia is divided into
15 counties with an estimated country wide population of 3.5 million.The proposed expansion
of the Somalia Drive runs from west to east of the northern outskirt of the City of Monrovia.
Figure 3-1 shows the map of the Project area.
Mesurado
Wetland
Monrovia
Figure 3-1 Map of the Project area
3.1 TOPOGRAPHY
Liberia can be divided into three distinct topographical areas. First, a flat coastal plain which
extends up to 80 km inland, with creeks, lagoons, and mangrove swamps; second, an area of
broken, forested hills with altitudes from 180–370 m, which covers most of the country; and
third, an area of mountains in the northern highlands, with elevations reaching 1384 m.
The proposed Project will occur in the region of Liberia known as the flat Coastal Plain. It is the
land region of the country just next to the Atlantic Ocean. In fact, the length of road is between
5 and 7 kilometers from the ocean.
The Project area is a relatively flat terrain with an average altitude of approximately 11 meters.
There is no highland or fault in the surrounding. The area is instead surrounded by
3-1
marsh/swamp land, which eventually drains into one of two (2) major water bodies, the
Stockton Creek and Warner Creek, both of which subsequently empty into the Mesurado River
or Mesurado Wetland.
3.2 GEOLOGY AND SOILS
The Project area is located in what is known as the Pan African Age Province. The rock type in
this region is less than 500 million years. The proposed length of road of 13.7 kilometers cuts
across several local geological zones as shown in Figure 3-2. There is a zone of fluvial and
deltaic deposit which extends from the Freeport of Monrovia. This zone comprises buff silt and
sand deposits, which are characteristic of very low terrain along the coast. This zone probably
includes some beach sand too.
- Fluvial & Deltaic Deposits

Qf
Qb2 - Beach Deposit Unit 2
Dp - Paynesville Sandstone
Te - Edina Sandstone
Figure 3-2 Geologic map of the Project area.
The fluvial deposit zone is followed by beach deposit unit. This zone is composed of nearly
pure white quartz sand averaging 1 meter in thickness and forming large savannah.
After the beach deposit unit is the Paynesville Sandstone. This unit is composed of light-colored
fine- to medium-grained well-rounded and well-sorted cross-bedded quartz sandstone. There are
also subordinate cross-bedded siltstone and shale included in this zone.
A small portion of the road length is composed of a local geologic zone the Edina Sandstone.
This zone is composed of white to light brown coarse- to medium-grained gritty sandstone,
generally less than a few meters thick.
The main types of soils found in Liberia include: latosols, which are of low to medium fertility,
sandy soils or regosols, which are infertile; shallow, coarse lithosols found in hilly and rugged
3-2
terrain; highly fertile alluvial soils which are suitable for agriculture; and humus-rich swamp
soils. In general, the soils are characterized by a shallow layer of humus content and high
acidity as a result of deficiency in magnesium and calcium
The soil profile in the Project area is not uniform. In the section within the zone of fluvial and
deltaic deposit which is closer to the Atlantic Ocean, the soil is usually shallow. There is mostly
one unit of soil, the sandy soil. In the zone of beach deposit, the soil profile is usually several
meters thicker and is underlain by Jurassic dykes or granitic gneisses.
3.3 CLIMATE
The climate of the Project area, as is the case with the rest of Liberia, is tropical and humid,
o
with little change in temperature throughout the year. The temperature rarely exceeds 36 C
o o o
(97 F) or falls below 20oC (68oF), with a mean annual temperature of 27 C (81 F).
Figure 3-3 shows a graph of the annual climate distribution of Liberia.
Figure 3-3 Annual climate distribution of Liberia
The climate of the area is characterized by a monsoon (wet) season and a dry season. The
monsoon season extends from late April through October, with the majority of the rainfall
occurring between mid-April and mid-October. During this time frame the average humidity is
about 82%. The dry season extends from mid-October to mid-April.
During the dry season, the average humidity is 78%; however, it may drop to 50% or lower
between December and March when the dust-laden Harmattan winds blow from the Sahara.
3-3
Wind velocity is greatest in the rainy season and lowest in the dry season.
3.4 WATER RESOURCES
3.4.1 Hydrology
There are two (2) waterways within the Project area. The Stockton Creek is near the western
flank of the Project area. It is the largest of the waterways. The Warner Creek is almost at the
mid-section of the Somalia Drive. These water bodies are channelized, but have banks that are
composed by mangrove swamps that are flooded seasonally.
Rainfall is very common. The rainy season runs for half of the year, from April to October. And
the annual rainfall reaches up to 4000 mm. Without drainage along the present Somalia Drive,
washes are very common during the periods of rains. Floods, swamps and washes in the Project
area particularly formed during the rainy season drain into the 2 creeks which eventually drain
into the Mesurado River/Wetland.
The groundwater system within the Project area consists of shallow aquifers. Groundwater can
be encountered at depth as shallow as 1 meter. This was observed during the survey from water
wells in communities within the right-of-way.
3.4.2 Water Quality
The chemical quality of the water within the Project area is generally satisfactory for
commercial and industrial uses. Water samples were collected from the two (2) streams,
Stockton and Warner Creeks. A third sample was collected from water well within the Project
area. Figure 3-4 shows the water samples collection points.
Figure 3-4 Water samples collection stations
3-4
The results of the analyses show that the levels of total suspended solids generally range from
24 to 30 ppm. The pH ranges between 6.5 and 6.8. The COD ranges between 22 and 24. The
quality of water within the Project area is shown in Table 3-1 below.
Table 3-1 Water quality of Project area

Stockton
Parameter Unit Warner Creek Water Well
Creek
pH pH 6.8 6.5 6.8
Conductivity S/m 2.9 2.4 4.2
0
Temperature C 29.4 29.0 29.5
Odor musty musty Chlorine
Color brownish brownish colorless
Chemical Oxygen Demand ppm 24 24 22
Dissolved Oxygen ppm 8.5 8.7 8.5
Total Suspended Solids ppm 29 24 30
Following Table 3-2 presents fresh-related water quality standards which will be applied for
Mesurado wetland.
Table 3-2 Fresh-related water quality standards

Marine water
(Coastal segment)
Type of Water
CLASS SW-1*
pH 6.5-8.5
(mg/l) 5.0
Dissolved Oxygen***
(%) 60
Color and Odor No noticeable color or offensive odor
Nothing obnoxious or detrimental for
Floating Matters
use purpose
Parameter None from sewage or industrial waste
Suspended Solids
(Unit) origin
Oil and Grease* (mg/l) 0.10
Mercury (Hg) (mg/l) 0.01
Lead (Pb) (mg/l) 0.01
Heavy
Cadmium (Cd) (mg/l) 0.01
Metals
Zinic (Zn) (mg/l) ‐
Dissolved Copper (CU) (mg/l) ‐
3.4.3 Flood Hazards
The right-of-way of the Somalia Drive is likely to flood between the Freeport and Cow Factory,
especially during the rainy season. Without a adequate drainage system have constructed with
3-5
the existing 2-lane motor road, run-off from the exposed road is common. The topography of
the area also does not allow fast movement of water, as the area is a relatively flat plain.
Figure 3-5 Outline of flood hazard along Project Road
Urban development in the communities along the existing Somalia Drive reduces the total
ground absorption area by creating impermeable surfaces. Storm runoff, increased by the
presence of impermeable surface from construction, contributes to flooding within the
right-of-way. The amount and frequency of rain is variable, but the lack of drainage system in
the Project area contributes to the flow problem. Rainfall is the Project area is sometime in the
form of thunderstorms and other fast moving relatively intense storms, which may cause flash
floods. There is a tendency for flash flood in the area. During periods of intense rainfalls, there
are occasional occurrences of floodwater washing over the existing 2-lane in the Freeport area.
Due to the permeability and porosity of the soil in the Project area, flood water is likely to seep
into the ground or discharge into the two major water bodies, or smaller water bodies. All of the
water bodies subsequently drain into the Mesurado River.
3.5 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Data and information on biological resources in the Project area is very limited. Therefore, to
identify and evaluate the biological resources, environmental field crews interviewed local
residents and conducted several surveys of the Project area and adjacent land.
3.5.1 Vegetation
The Project area is the right-of-way of the existing motor road. There is very little vegetation,
mainly near the two (2) main water bodies. Most of the vegetation is dominated by native
grasses, ferns and common scrub-shrub species. Occasional few trees grow in the communities
3-6
along the flank of the road. These provide shades from the sun for residents. There are also
some cultivated vegetables planted as food supplements by residents. Among these are the
cassava, ‘potato greens’, etc.
Along the banks of the two (2) water bodies in the Project area, there are secondary growth
riparian vegetation, which includes the herbaceous wetland species of arrowhead, pickle weed,
bulrush, and water lilies.
3.5.2 Wildlife
A detailed biological survey was conducted along the entire length of the Project area maximize
the number of species observable. The environmental field crews identified the species present
in the Project area through observations, interviews with local residents and professional
organizations knowledgeable in the areas. Specific results of the species surveys are described
in the following sections.
3.5.2.1 Mammals
The main mammals known to the area are domestic animals, mainly dogs and cats. Very little or
no other wild mammals can be found in the Project area. What may be found are likely
domesticated.
3.5.2.2 Birds
Few avian species were identified from surveys throughout the Project area, most utilizing the
open grasslands, scrub shrub, and wetland habitats. The red eye dove was the most abundant
species within the Project limits; however, the cattle egret were seen as cattle graze an area
along the flank of the existing Somalia Drive
The birds are most abundant in the riparian and wetlands of the Project areas.
3.5.3 Herpetofauna
Herpetofauna include the species from the ectothermic (cold-blooded) animal families,
amphibians and reptiles. Species from these families can be found only in the water bodies and
wetlands. Interviews with local residents indicate that the overall herpetofauna population is
poor, and only a few small lizards and frog species were directly observed.
Reptiles observed in the Project area included lizards; and amphibians observed included the
toad frog and tadpoles. Though snakes were said to be seen in the riparian zones, none were
observed during the surveys.
3-7
3.5.4 Fish
Fish surveys were conducted by interviewing residents along the banks of the two (2) main
water bodies, fishermen in the area and professional organizations with knowledge on the
subject. Some of the residents along the banks of the Stockton and Warner Creeks rely on the
fish from these water bodies as food source. Typically hook lines, and baskets and nets made
from piassava (stiff natural plant fibers) and/or palm tree products are used to catch fish.
Though not practiced now, in the period between 1990 and 1997, ‘dynamite’ had been blasted
in the water to kill fish. This practice, while killing the fish populations en masse, also killed
fish eggs and was viewed as unsustainable practice. With environmental awareness, this
practice is now abolished. However, it can be considered the main cause of the low fish
population in the water bodies.
Fish species listed by the fishermen and residents were identified by the local names and
included catfish, crayfish, tilapia, bonny, sunfish, and mudfish. Locals also indicated that there
were crabs in the two (2) main water bodies.
3.5.5 Rare or Endangered Species
Information obtained through

consultations with the
Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), Forestry Development
Authority, as well as interviews
with local residents indicate that
the only protected or endangered
species of animal that could habitat
the wetlands around the bridges in
the Project area is the crocodile,
while the endangered plant is the
mangrove. Figure 3-6 shows the
endangered or protected wildlife
species of Liberia.
(1) Crocodile Figure 3-6 Protected wildlife species of Liberia
There are three (3) species of crocodiles found in Liberia. They are the Nile crocodile
(Crocodylus niloticus), slender-snouted crocodile (Crocodylus calaphractus) and dwarf
crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis). The Nile crocodiles are found mainly in mangrove swamps
and river mouth (brackish water); the slender-snouted crocodiles in river (freshwater); and
dwarf crocodiles in small streams (fresh water).
3-8
From a survey conducted in 1988 by Gatter, only the Nile crocodiles were found to habitat the
Mesurado wetland. This includes the nearby wetlands of the Stockton and Warner Creeks. This
habitat is completely surrounded by the City of Monrovia and its suburbs. The Somalia Drive
runs across the entire northern flank of the Mesurado wetland.
Several crocodiles were observed during the survey, ranging in length of 0.3 – 2.5 m of nearly
100 observed, they were all judged to be non-adults with the possible exception of 2 individuals
greater than 2 m.
The density of the Nile crocodiles was 1.4 per kilometer of waterway and the crocodiles are
more abundant further away from the city center and urbanized areas. They were frequently
seen in the root systems of the mangrove.
(2) Mangrove
On the southern flank of the Somalia Drive is the Mesurado wetland. This ecosystem is also
found along the Stockton and Warner Creeks, in small strips in the Project area. The wetlands of
the Mesurado River, Stockton and Warner Creeks are mangroves, trees and shrubs that grow in
saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. Figure 3-7 and Figure 3-8 show the
location of the Mesurado wetland and the mangroves that grow in it.
Somalia Drive
Freeport
Ga
rdn
e rs
ville
Mo
Mesurado Wetland
nro Red Light
via
ille
P ayne sv
Figure 3-8 Mangrove in the

Figure 3-7 Mesurado Wetland near the Somalia Drive Mesurado Wetland.
The mangrove of the Mesurado, Stockton and Warner Creeks are being destroyed. People have
cut the mangrove to be used a cooking wood. It has been cut and land reclaimed for
construction. It has also been used for waste disposal. These activities are however not carried
out in the Project area because only a small portion is found here.
In 2006, the Environmental Protection Agency of Liberia have registered the Mesurado wetland
under the RAMSAR Convention and implemented measures to preserve the mangrove.
3-9
3.5.6 Pests
The two major pest species found in the Project area and throughout Liberia are the mosquito
and variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegates). There are numerous species of mosquitoes
known in Liberia, and while not all the species feed on humans, many do, creating welts on
their victims. Mosquitoes need standing or stagnant water to reproduce, and as this is common
in the Project area, mosquitoes are in abundance. The variegated grasshopper is known to feed
on vegetable leaves planted by residents or wild grasses.
3.5.7 Vectors
Vectors are an agent that carries or transmits disease. Mosquitoes are not only pests but are the
primary vectors of diseases in humans such as malaria. In Liberia, malaria is the leading cause
of morbidity and mortality, accounting for over 40% of all outpatient consultations, huge
inpatient and children deaths. The mosquitoes need stagnant water to lay eggs and for larval
development, the quality and location of water can vary from water collected in tree holes,
marshes, sewage effluent ponds, temporary rain water ponds, etc. Human development and
increase in changing land use are the leading cause in creating more available reproductive
locations for mosquitoes. The wetlands in the Project area retain water year round and provide
constant supply of stagnant water for mosquitoes.
3.6 AIR QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS
The Project site is located in an urban setting with many domestic and industrial activities in the
immediate area. There are many sources of air pollution which contribute to degrading the
ambient air quality of the area. Some of these sources include emissions from vehicular traffic
(particulates and combustion emissions), combustion of diesel fuels to power small and large
scale electrical generators in the absence of electrical supply, combustion of wood materials for
cooking, and burning of miscellaneous wastes.
Fuels used for combustion in automobiles and diesel electrical generators are rarely high-quality
fuels, such as low sulfur diesel, and leaded gasoline is under control, however leaded gasoline
and diesel brought into the country by the many different suppliers These emissions can be
compounded by the burning of waste such as old tires, plastics, and other combustible waste.
At the time of this survey, there is no national air quality standard. However, the EPA has a
tentative standard that is acceptable. Table 3-3 below shows the tentative air quality standard.
3-10
Table 3-3 Air quality standard acceptable to the EPA.
Pollutants Time-weighted average Concentration in ambient air
Industrial Areas Residential, Rural & other Sensitive Areas
Areas
SulphurDioxide (SO2) Annual Average* 80 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 15 µg/m3 - Improved West and
Geake Method
- Ultraviolet Fluorescence
24 hours** 120 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 30 µg/m3
Oxides of Nitrogen as Annual Average* 80 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 15 µg/m3 - Jacob & Hochheiser Modified
(NO2) of (Na-Arsenite) Method
24 hours** 120 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 30 µg/m3 -Gas Phase Chem-iluminescence
Suspended Particulate Annual Average* 360 µg/m3 140 µg/m3 70 µg/m3 - High Volume Sampling,
Matter (SPM) (Average flow rate not less than
1.1 m3/minute).
24 hours** 500 µg/m3 200 µg/m3 100 µg/m3
RespirableParticulate Annual Average* 120 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 50 µg/m3 - Respirable particulate matter
Matter (RPM) (size sampler
less than 10 microns) 24 hours** 150 µg/m3 100 µg/m3 75 µg/m3
Lead (Pb) Annual Average* 1.0 µg/m3 0.75 µg/m3 0.50 µg/m3 - ASS Method after sampling
using EPM 2000 or equivalent
Filter paper
24 hours** 1.5 µg/m3 1.00 µg/m3 0.75 µg/m3 .
Ammonia1 Annual Average* 0.1 mg/ m3 0.1 mg/ m3 0.1 mg/m3
24 hours** 0.4 mg/ m3 0.4 mg/m3 0.4 mg/m3
CarbonMonoxide (CO) 8 hours** 5.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 1.0 mg/ m3 - Non Dispersive Infra Red (NDIR)
1 hour 10.0 mg/m3 4.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 Spectroscopy
* Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.
** 24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the
time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
3.7 LAND USE SETTING
The length of the Somalia Drive, which expansion or upgrade is considered under this project, is
located within three (3) communities. The western extent from the Freeport of Monrovia to the
Stockton Creek Bridge falls within the City of Monrovia, the extent between the Stockton Creek
Bridge and the Warner Creek Bridge, commonly called the Double Bridge, falls within the
Township of Gardnersville and the eastern extent between the Warner Creek Bridge and the
Red Light falls within the City of Paynesville. Figure 3-9 shows the different municipals along
the Somalia Drive.
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Figure 3-9 Different municipals along the Somalia Drive
The land use along the Project area varies. There are urban residential, commercial, industrial
areas and open space land use along the route. The land use is in no particular order. The cities
and township councils have granted some land occupants squatter rights to occupy land near
and within the right-of-way of the road with no specific usage condition. Hence, residential
units are located between open air garages, shops and market stalls, filling stations and
industrial facilities.
3.7.1 Housing
A demographic survey was conducted during the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment.
It considered a distance of 150 feet from the mid-section of the existing road. The result shows
that there are 172 residential units within the Project area. There were other units marked as
unoccupied, which are under construction or abandoned. Some of these units will definitely be
used as residential units. Only very few of these units existed at the time of the construction of
the existing 2-lane road. The increase up to the present time is a result of the influx of people
from many parts of the country due to the civil crisis during the 1990’s.
During the conduct of the scoping exercise, the environmental consultant requested the Ministry
of Public Works to notify the cities and township authorities to desist from granting further
squatter rights to people to occupy the Project area. Even though notices were advertised and
placarded warning people not to move into the Project area during or after the ESIA, some
people are expected to move within the area before the possible commencement of the Project
as some of the residents illegally occupy the area.
Table 3-4 Housing units along the Somalia Drive

Residential Units Monrovia Gardnersville Paynesville
Total Residential Units 6 89 77
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3.7.2 Commercial
As mentioned supra, squatter rights have been obtained from the cities and township council,
upon which people have occupied the Project area. Some people moved into the area illegally.
With the lack of coordination, some of the occupiers have utilized the area for commercial
activities. The distance of 150 feet from the mid-section of the existing road sometime falls
within legitimate property zone, some of which are used for commercial activities. There are
929 commercial units in the Project area. Further, most of the 156 units indicated as unoccupied
are likely to be commercial units.
Some of the commercial activities undertaken within the Project area include open air garages,
filling stations, merchandise shops and general market stalls.
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Table 3-5 Commercial units along the Somalia Drive
Commercial Units Monrovia Gardnersville Paynesville
Total Commercial Units 98 537 294
3.7.3 Industrial
During the ESIA exercise, industrial units were registered as commercial. However, there is a
need to specify that some of the units within the Project area were used for industrial purposes.
Noticeably were two (2) factories that manufacture tiles and plastic products.
3.8 NOISE & VIBRATION ANALYSES
The Project area along the Somalia Drive must meet the noise criteria acceptable within
international standards. At the moment, there is no national noise standard. Hence, the noise
reading proposed for the Project is that set forth by Ghana, which is that noise level must not
exceed 60 decibels (dBA), the maximum allowable exterior noise level in areas with some
commercial or light industry. Table 3-6 shows the Ghana Standards.
Table 3-6 Noise standards acceptable by the EPA of Liberia (Ghana Standards)
Description of Areas of Noise
Zone Permissible Noise Level in DB(A)
Reception
DAY NIGHT
0600 – 2200 2200 – 0600
Residential areas with low or
A 55 48
infrequent transportation
Educational (school) and health
B1 55 50
(hospital, clinic) facilities
Areas with some commercial or
B2 60 55
light industry
Areas with some light industry,
places of entertainment or public
C1 65 60
assembly, and places of worship
located in this zone.
C2 Predominantly commercial areas 75 65
Light industrial commercial
D 70 60
areas
Predominantly heavy industrial
E 70 70
areas
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CHAPTER 4
ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION
MPW is obliged to ensure that the road is expanded in accordance with the legislations,
regulations, guidelines, and standards of Liberia, along with other appropriate international
environmental standards. All of these will ensure that procedures and work activities will have
no or minimize adverse effects to both the health and safety of the workers and the local
population, as well as the Project area and regional environment.
4.1 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
The following Table 4-1 identifies physical, biological, social and economic factors, which
might be impacted by the proposed Project. In many cases, the background studies performed in
connection with this Project clearly indicate that it will not affect a particular item except an
involuntary resettlement. The discussion on environment assessment is shown in the section.
4.2 DISCUSSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
This section explains the likely impacts the Project may cause and proposed mitigation
measures. Any mitigation measures that are proposed are clearly identified.
4.2.1 Involuntary resettlement
The implementation of the Project will necessitate the involuntary resettlement of about 1900
persons from their places of residence or businesses. Many PAPs will be potentially affected
due to the resettlement. Their lives are going to be adversely impacted.
The Project impact on the PAPs is significant. PAPs are going to be involuntarily resettled. A
detailed resettled program shall be prepared and implemented.
4.2.2 Local economy such as employment and live-hood
The Project area is presently used by people for residential and commercial purposes, with
majority of the structures being used for commercial activities. As a result of the
implementation of the Project, PAPs are expected to lose their employment and livelihood.
The Project impact on the employment and livelihood of PAPs is significant. PAPs using
structures thereon for commercial purposes are going to lose their employment and livelihood.
Mitigation measures to less the reconstruction area is needed, if relocation is not avoidable, a
detailed resettled program to include compensation to enable PAPs re-start their lives in
another area will be prepared..
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4.2.3 Land use and utilizations of local resources
The Project area is not a site designated for local use, nor does the area have local resources.
The area has already been designated for the road construction of 4-lane road, but only 2-lane
was previously constructed.
The proposed Project is not likely to have any impact on land use and local resources
4.2.4 Social institutions such as social infrastructures and local decision-making
There is no decision-making or social institution located in the Project area.
The proposed Project is not likely to have any impact on land use and local resources
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Table 4-1 Anticipated adverse impact by proposed Project
Assessment in EIA
Scoping
No Items of adverse impact Design Construction Operation Description Mitigation Measures
Stage
Stage Stage Stage
* Relocation of PAPs * Minimize the land required for
the Project;
* Transportation assistance;
1 Involuntary resettlement A A B B
* Exchange of land; and
* Compensation
* Monitoring
* Loss of jobs of PAPs; * Compensation of PAPs;
Local economy such as
2 B B B B * Loss of livelihood * Resettlement allowance to start
employment and live-hood
livelihood in new locations
3 B D D D will be used for the N/A
of local resources
Project
Social environment
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infrastructure is N/A
area.
*Destruction & *Construction of new
Existing social
5 B B B D demolition of infrastructure after road
infrastructures and services
infrastructure expansion
*There are many poor *Compensation must be
* No minority considered when relocation is
6 B B B B population was required
ethnic people
observed in the
Project area
Misdistribution of benefit * No misdistribution of
7 and damage B D D D benefit and damage N/A
is considered
* No heritage site,
8 Sanctuary B D D D sanctuary was N/A
observed in the
Project area.
Assessment in EIA
Scoping
Stage
Stage Stage Stage
Local conflict of interest * There exist no local N/A
9 B D D D
* The will be no use of N/A
Water usage
10 B D D D water from Project
area
* Occupation hazard * Occupation Health & Safety
Public Hygiene associated with Measures;
11 B B B B
construction * Monitoring & Reporting
activities
*The surveys did not * Best practices shall be used to
Infectious diseases such as
12 B C B B fully consider these prevent acquisition or spread
HIV/AIDS etc.
of these diseases.
* Very minor change to * Design consideration to
topography enhance slope stability
* Seepage or spill of * Secondary containment;
4-4
14 Soil Erosion B D B D fuel/chemicals; * Best Management Practice

15 Groundwater B D B D
fuel/chemicals * Best Management Practice
Hydrology fuel/chemicals; * Management of storm water;
16 B B B D
* Pulling of concrete * Sediment & erosion control
into waterway
17 Seastrand B D D D located along the N/A
seashore.
* Minimal clearing of * Re-vegetation;
vegetation * Monitoring Program
* Little or no impact to N/A
19 Climate B D D D
the climate
* The landscape is * Design Consideration
change expected.
Assessment in EIA
Scoping
Stage
Stage Stage Stage
* Little or no impact is N/A
expected
* Emission of gases and * Emission control
particulates from * Storage and handling measures
vehicle movement * Spraying water on road.
and site clearing
fuel/chemicals * Management of storm and any
discharge water;
* Sediment & erosion control
Pollution
* Solid or hazardous * Implement best waste

24 Waste B B B B waste from collection and management
construction program
* Increased noise * Emission controls;
emissions from road * Protective Equipment
4-5

traffic and heavy
equipment
* Accident associated* Safety Program;
with construction
* Employee Training;
26 Accidents B B B B
activities * Monitoring and Reporting;
* Protective Equipment
Assessment： A：significant adverse impact is assumed B: adverse impact is less than A C: adverse impact is not clear because the design is not
finishes and further survey is needed to confirm D：adverse impact is little and further survey is not needed
4.2.5 Existing social infrastructures and services
There are several bus stops and community water wells located in the Project area. These are
going to be demolished to ensure the construction of the Project and right-of-way.
The impact on the bus stops and water wells in the Project area is not so significant. The
Project impacts to infrastructure and services will temporary during the period of construction.
Thereafter, new bus stops will be constructed on the shoulder of the road. There will be no need
for water wells as residents would have left.
4.2.6 The poor, indigenous people of ethnic people
There will be many poor PAPs within the Project area; further detailed measurement survey
shall be conducted following with physical survey and design of reconstruction road to
designate actual PAPs. The poor will be identified while detail measurement survey is
conducted and compensation will be considered in accordance with RAP.
There is no minority or special group of people in the Project area such that the construction of
the road will have adverse effects on their lives.
The proposed Project is not likely to have potential impact on the poor people.
4.2.7 Misdistribution of benefit and damage
Somalia Drive was originally planned as 4-lanes road and required land was secured as
right-of-way. Right flank of road has already improved by World Bank in 2008, and residents in
left flank are expecting the road improvement.
No Misdistribution of benefit and damage will be arisen due to the Project.
4.2.8 Heritage, Graveyard, Sanctuary
The Project area contains no heritage, graveyard or sanctuary locations.
The proposed Project is not likely to have any impact on seastrand.
4.2.9 Local conflict of interest
Somalia Drive was originally planned as 4-lanes road and required land was secured as
right-of-way. Right flank of road has already improved, and reconstruction of left flank is
welcomed by the residents because it would enhance their economic activity and living
standards.
No local conflict of interest will be seen due to the Project.
4-6
4.2.10 Water usage
The Master Plan Study has prepared a water supply plan for short-term (2014) and long-term
(2019).
When water supply system is provided in accordance with the Master Plan, water usage by
residents will be satisfied.
During construction stage, the Project is not going to utilize water in the Project area for
construction activities.
The proposed Project is not likely to have any impact on water usage.
4.2.11 Public Hygiene
The Project will positively impact the area by providing road drainage through which storm and
flood waters will run through to discharge areas. This will remove stagnant water that could
serve as breeding ground for vectors. It is envisioned that the road expansion will enhance
public transport and make accessibility to health institutions quicker. The impacts from
construction and operations will have minor, but positive direct and indirect long term impacts
on local/regional public hygiene.
Construction and operation of the Project will have positive minor direct and indirect long term
impacts on public health and hygiene issues.
4.2.12 Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS etc.
The surveys conducted did not take into consideration infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS,
etc. However, it must be stated that these exist infectious diseases in Liberia. Before
commencement of the Project, people residing in the Project area will be relocated and resettled.
Only workers on the Project will be allowed access to the area during construction. These
workers will be checked for infectious and occupational diseases before construction
commences. And best practices will be ensured during the implementation of the Project so that
diseases are not spread.
The impact of infectious diseases on the Project was not adequately studied. However, best
practices will be ensured so that there is potential impact of infectious diseases by the Project.
4.2.13 Geographic features
The geology of the Project area is not likely to be affected. Project construction at the proposed
site will result in the disturbance and removal of soil and rock present at the site. Preliminary
site grading operations will involve the clearing and removal of topsoil and the alteration of
embankment soils. If the new embankment soils are less permeable than those currently present
at ground surface, the quantity, physical distribution, and time-related recharge of precipitation
4-7
to groundwater on the shoulder of the road may change. Soil quality in the Project area is not
expected to change as a result of Project activities. Waste will be stored at the facility in a
manner which will minimize the potential for spills leading to soil contamination.
The construction of the new expansion of the motor and associated bridge may result in soil
erosion. The potential for high winds along the corridor may also contribute to erosion.
The Project impact on the geology is insignificant. The Project impacts to the soils will be
permanent, however insignificant. Dust control plan and erosion control procedures will be
utilized. .
4.2.14 Soil Erosion
The Project area is a relatively flat terrain, adjacent to wetlands. The likelihood of flooding is
high, especially during the rainy season. In order to alleviate this problem, it is proposed to raise
and level the road to the top of the existing highpoints, and place culverts to allow water to pass
under 4-lane road at locations that are prone to flooding. Drainage will also be constructed
along the extent of the road.
The Project is likely to adversely affect flooding during the construction phase.
4.2.15 Groundwater
Groundwater in the Project area is encountered within relatively shallow depths below the
ground surface. Surface and groundwater withdrawal will not be conducted as part of the
Project construction, therefore impacts to surface and groundwater flow are not anticipated. The
Project will implement spill prevention measures to avoid contamination of the surface and
groundwater by fuel or chemicals. Depending on the embankment soils exposed on the new
right-of-way/shoulder upon construction completion, the quantity, physical, distribution, and
time-related recharge of precipitation to groundwater or run-off into surface water may change.
Construction of the bridge over the Stockton Creek may result into the spillage of materials into
the stream that may affect the quality of the water.
It is not expected that reconstruction of the road will have any impact to groundwater quality.
Spillage of concrete or other materials into the Stockton Creek during construction may affect
the quality of the surface water.
4.2.16 Hydrology
Two (2) bridges over the two (2) water ways in the Project area – Stockton and Warner Creeks
– are considered here. The bridge over the Warner Creek was constructed during the
construction of the existing road. Construction of a bridge over the Stockton Creek may lead to
4-8
a short-term disruption in the water flow. If construction of the bridge is done in the dry
season, there is not much likelihood of a flood. If it is done in the rainy season, flood may
likely result.
The proposed Project is not likely to have any impact to the Warner Creek as a bridge is
already constructed over it. The Project is expected to have a short-term impact to the Stockton
Creek during the bridge construction. If this is done during the rainy season, it may likely cause
flood.
4.2.17 Seastrand
The Project area is not located along the coast or seashore.
The proposed Project is not likely to have any impact on seastrand.
4.2.18 Fauna, Flora, Ecosystem
(1) Vegetation
Existing vegetation on the proposed Project site will be removed to allow construction of the
road, sidewalks and drainage. The proposed site is comprised of previously disturbed land. At
present, there exist only grasses, shrubs and flowers and fruits trees planted in the yards of
residences. The grasses and shrubs species currently onsite are invasive or weedy in nature;
therefore, the removal of these for construction of the road will result in a relatively small
impact to the overall area. Residences within the Project area will be removed before
construction starts. Removals of flowers and fruit trees will have only minor impacts to
vegetation.
Construction of the road will have minor direct long-term impacts on the vegetation
communities in the Project area.
(2) Wildlife
The proposed expansion of the Somalia Drive would impact local wildlife. Wildlife observed
included mammals (domesticated dogs and cats as pets), various birds, various insects, reptiles
and amphibians, mainly in the riparian zones. The Forestry Development Authority (FDA) and
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have no record of endangered species of wildlife in
the Project area.
Impacts to the biological resources in the Project area would likely occur along the entire length
of the road, particularly within the riparian zones along the Stockton and Warner Creeks.
Impacts include loss or degradation of plant communities and habitats, noise and air pollution,
increased runoff and erosion.
4-9
With the implementation of mitigation measures listed in Section 4.4, impacts to the above
mentioned resources would be mitigated.
(3) Mammals
The only mammals observed in the Project area are domesticated animals, dogs and cats which
are pets of residents.
The Project activities are not likely to impact these.
(4) Birds
The Project will not result in a major alteration to the surrounding ecosystems or impact the
viability of most avian communities, despite the minimum removal of potential foraging and
nesting habitat along the riparian zone at the Stockton Creek, to provide for the construction of a
bridge over the waterway. Direct impacts to individual birds may be incurred from
clearing/removal of habitat for construction and subsequently by the facility footprint itself.
Individual birds may also be affected indirectly during construction, as activity on the site may
disturb some individuals and cause them to move away from the Project area. Similarly, noise
during the construction and operation phase, and other activities, such as movement of vehicles
and people, and any lighting at night, may alter some bird species behavior (i.e., cause to move
away from the Project site). Given the relatively small footprint of the road within the general
area, and the general mobility of birds, disruption to avian species is expected to be minor.
Construction of the Project will have minor direct and indirect long term impacts on avian
species in the area.
(5) Herpetofauna
The Project is likely to encounter amphibian and reptile species within the riparian zone of the
Stockton Creek, as a bridge is already constructed over the Warner Creek. Although potential
foraging and reproductive areas will be permanently removed during the construction of the
bridge over the Stockton Creek, the overall footprint of the bridge is relatively small. Suitable
habitat surrounding the Project area will allow the current amphibian and reptile populations to
continue to exist.
Construction of the Project will have minor direct and indirect long term impacts on
amphibians and reptile species in the area.
(6) Fish
The Project will not utilize raw water from the waterways for construction activities. And no
water from the Project is expected to be released to the water bodies.
Although not expected, indirect impacts on fish species could occur through the introduction of
4-10
sediment or changes in nutrient loads from surface water runoff. While sediments occur
naturally and are an integral component of aquatic systems, fluctuating naturally due to natural
events, there is an increased risk to the survival and well-being of aquatic organisms when
levels exceed background values for prolonged periods of time. Potential impacts can vary
depending on the concentrations of sediments, and can include killing fish directly, increasing
turbidity, and reducing visibility, thus decreasing the ability to find food and/or avoid predation
and filling reproductive areas in and along the stream bed. Through the use of sediment and
erosion controls during construction, no impacts to fish species are anticipated.
Construction of the Project is not anticipated to have direct or indirect impacts on the fish
species in the Project area.
(7) Crocodile
While there are crocodiles in the Mesurado and surrounding wetlands, none was spotted in the
Project area during the survey. Even if some crocodiles may in the surrounding near the Project
area, they are likely to move to the other vast portion of the Mesurado wetland during the
implementation of the Project.
The proposed Project is not likely to have any direct or indirect long term impact on crocodiles
in the Project area.
(8) Mangrove
A bridge is expected to be constructed across the Stockton Creek in the Project area. So as to
plant concrete bedding for the bridge, there will be destruction of the mangrove in the riparian
zone. However, the area involved is very small.
Construction of the Project will have minor direct and indirect long term impacts on the
mangrove near the Stockton Creek Bridge..
(9) Rare and Endangered Species
No rare or endangered species of animal was observed or noted to be within the Project area.
The proposed Project is not likely to have any impact on rare or endangered species..
(10) Nuisance Species, Pests and Vectors
Most of the existing vegetation on the proposed 150 feet right-of-way to be used will be
removed to allow for construction. Subsequent to land clearing and prior to construction
completion, appropriate erosion measures will be taken. Once construction is complete, plant
vegetation will be planted along the road. Species planted will be of native species that are
not/nor will they encourage the presence of nuisance species, pests, or vectors. The Project
proponent will investigate and implement environmentally friendly practices to prevent the
4-11
promulgation of mosquitoes in the drainage
Construction and maintenance of the road will not change the species composition of the
nuisance species, pest, and vector communities already contained within this corridor.
Construction of the Project will not increase, encourage, or aid in the propagation of species
considered nuisance species, pests, or vectors.
4.2.19 Climate
The proposed Project is not likely to have any impact to the local climate..
4.2.20 Landscape
The Project area is located in a relatively flat terrain. Site grading associated with construction
will not significantly alter the topographic height and exposure of the Project area. Ground
surface slopes created during construction will be constructed to be safe for the passage of
equipment and personnel during operation of the facilities. The new slopes will be as stable, if
not more so, than the natural slopes at the site, and surface water management will preclude
saturation of slopes within the area.
The Project’s impact on topography is considered minor.
4.2.21 Global warming
Among the various environmental impacts, air pollution related to green house gas (GHG) is
taken into account by With and Without analysis. By implementing the Somalia Drive Project,
the situation of air pollution is improved. Especially the reduce of low speed road under 10km/h
gives a big impact on emission from driving vehicles. The air pollution components of CO2,
NOx and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) produced by With and Without cases of Somalia
Drive Project are estimated.
(1) Emission Rate by Travel Speed
The emission unit by travel speed is set up as Table 4-2, obtained from the ‘Act Collection of
Road Policy Evaluation”, Japan Road Announcing Center. We tried to apply the emission unit
in Liberia or West Africa, but it is impossible to set a Liberian standards by the lacking the
essential data and information. When enough information for emission unit is collected, these
emission units should be up dated.
4-12
Table 4-2 Emission unit of CO2, NOx, SPM
Travel Speed CO2 NOx SPM
km/h g/PCU*km g/PCU*km g/PCU*km
S<5 0.547 1.162 0.105
5<S<10 0.342 0.671 0.052
10<S<15 0.269 0.498 0.046
15<S<20 0.229 0.407 0.037
20<S<25 0.204 0.374 0.034
25<S<30 0.186 0.336 0.031
30<S<35 0.172 0.299 0.028
35<S<40 0.161 0.266 0.025
40<S<45 0.152 0.238 0.023
45<S<50 0.146 0.217 0.021
50<S 0.141 0.203 0.019
Source: Act collection of Road policy evaluation, Japan Road Announcing Center, 2007
(2) Impact on Air Pollution by Somalia Drive Project
Table 4-3 indicates the forecasting results of air pollution in With and Without of Somalia
Drive Project. All the emissions have strong ties with PCU*km with low speed road, so that a
big impact on emission have come. The saving CO2 is about 29 kg per day in 2014 and 38 kg
per day in 2019.
Table 4-3 Forecasting results of air pollution in With and Without

CO2 NOｘ SPM
Year Case PCU*km
(g/day) (g/day) (g/day)
2008 Without Project 2,744,368 476,503 814,599 75,896
With Project 3,772,762 665,583 1,144,861 106,420
2014 Without Project 3,783,360 694,708 1,213,610 112,129
With - Without -10,598 -29,125 -68,749 -5,709
With Project 5,156,946 986,719 1,754,287 161,557
2019 Without Project 5,150,698 1,024,954 1,827,755 167,774
With - Without 6,248 -38,236 -73,468 -6,218
PCU; Passenger Car Unit
And, Table 4-4 indicates the expected mitigation amount in a year.
Table 4-4 Expected mitigation amount by the Project

CO2 NOｘ SPM
Year Case
(t/year) (t/year) (t/year)
2008 Without Project 173.9 297.3 27.7
With Project 242,9 417.9 38.8
2014 Without Project 253.6 443.0 40.9
With - Without -10.7 -25.1 -2.1
With Project 360.2 640.3 59.0
2019 Without Project 374.1 667.1 61.2
With - Without -13.9 -26.8 -2.2
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Any adverse impact due to the Project is not anticipated.
4.2.22 Air pollution
The local ambient air quality around the Project area will be temporarily impacted during
construction phase as a result of air emissions generated by construction activities. Construction
emissions will consist primarily of combustion emissions from diesel engine-driven .mobile
construction equipment, fugitive emissions of particulates from the operation of mobile
construction equipment and land clearing. The engines emit primarily NOx, PM, CO, CO2, and
SO2 as the result of fossil-fuel combustion in addition to minor amounts of hazardous air
pollutants. The construction emissions will be intermittent and temporary with construction
scheduled for several hours daily and are therefore expected to have insignificant impacts on the
long-term air quality of the region.
Construction of the Project will have minor, short-term impacts to air quality. For information
regarding the mitigation measures designed to reduce the impacts of construction on air
quality.
4.2.23 Water pollution
The groundwater or surface water in the two (2) main water bodies could be impacted during
the construction phase as a result of seepage or fuel or chemicals from the work activities.
Concrete materials could also falls into and pollute the Stockton Creek during the construction
of the bridge. Sheet lining, secondary containment and best practice management methods will
be used to ensure that there is no pollution to ground or surface water. Where fuel and/or
chemicals may likely fall unto the ground surface, the soil at the spot will be collected as waste
and disposed in accordance with the waste management system discussed herein.
Construction of the Project will have potential direct or indirect impacts to water quality.
4.2.24 Waste
Waste is likely to be generated during the construction of the Project. These will comprise of
solid and fluid wastes generated by workers, materials used and equipment. If not controlled
properly, the wastes are likely to cause adverse environmental impacts in the Project and
surrounding areas.
Solid waste will be collected by a waste management company and disposed of in secure areas
designed in accordance with the method described below and guidelines to be provided by the
EPA.
Used oil generated by shop operations, vehicle maintenance, and from the oil/water separator
will be collected and disposed of by a waste management company certified by the EPA.
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Waste will have minor direct impact during the construction of the Project. A waste collection
and management company will be hired to collect waste generated during the implementation of
the Project.
4.2.25 Noise and vibration
During construction activities of the Project site, the most significant noise contributors will be
heavy-duty machinery operation and vehicular traffic. The internationally accepted noise
exposure level above which hearing damage can be induced is 60 decibels.
Continuous noise may disrupt acoustic communication between fauna and could lead to changes
in behavior as it relates to mating, food gathering, warning signals and brood care in areas near
the emission sources, particularly near the riparian zones. The contractor shall employ
appropriate control methods consisting of mufflers and source specific noise insulation to
mitigate the impacts of noise to the workers as well as surrounding environment during
construction. The source specific sound dampening controls will also protect sensitive
environmental receptors, such as fauna, in the vicinity near the riparian zones from adverse
impacts due to noise emissions. No adverse impacts on human populations as a result of
construction of the roan are anticipated due to the distance from the road to the nearest
settlements.
Construction of the Project will have minor long-term impacts to existing noise levels in the
Project area, however, no adverse impact on human population is anticipated
4.2.26 Accidents
Table 4-5 lists the potential accidents or hazards associated with the construction phase of the
Project, as well as the protective and preventative activities planned for their elimination and
control. In addressing these hazards, the first priority will be eliminating, controlling, or
minimizing the accident or hazard via modification in the design of equipment or process.
If the hazard cannot be eliminated, employees will be provided with the necessary personal
protective equipment (PPE) and training to prevent injuries during the work process. Physical
hazards include moving equipment, dust, noise, and heat. Potential chemical hazards consist of
fumes and fire, and biological hazards include insects and other animals that may pose a threat
to workers by causing illness or injury.
Additional details on specific measures for mitigating these occupational accidents or hazards
will be addressed in the Health and Safety Plan to be prepared for the Project.
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Table 4-5 Accident and occupational hazards associated with the Project.
Project Activity Potential Hazards Protective & Preventive Safety Measure
Clearing and Construction
-Felling trees Slips, trips and falls * Implementation of good house-keeping
-Removal of loose topsoil measures on the Project site.
and overlying vegetation Minor trauma to extremities * Use of safety shoes, hard hats, safety vests
-Construction of road and gloves.
-Mobilization of heavy Lifting accident * Use of proper lifting techniques
equipment on site Lacerations from use of sharp * Use of proper gloves and other PPE.
tools
Inhalation of fugitive dusts * use of dust/mist masks or respirators
Fugitive dust blown into eyes * Use of safety goggles.
* Provision of eye wash stations.
High Noise Level from heavy * Control of noise levels at source via
duty vehicles installation of Silencers
* Use of proper hearing protection (ear plugs,
ear muffs)
* Warning signs in areas of high noise levels
* Hearing conservation program for employees
exposed to noise
Heat Stress * Provide shady area and drinks
Insect Bites * Use of insect repellants.
* Use of protective clothing.
Vehicle traffic * Use of safety vests.
Skin irritation from exposure to * Use of barrier creams and detergents on
grease hands.
Burns * Use of protective clothing and gloves.
4.3 DISCUSSION ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS
(1) Growth Inducing
This characteristic of the Project looks at activities that will induce changes in the pattern of
land use, population density, the human use of surrounding land, including commercial and
residential land, health and safety problem caused by the physical changes, and other aspects of
the resource base such as water, scenic quality, and public services.
The Somalia Drive is strategically located. It connects the Freeport of Monrovia, Liberia’s
biggest seaport, to the biggest commercial center of Red Light, and subsequently the interior of
Liberia and neighboring countries.
The expansion of the Somalia Drive into 4-lane road will likely increase commercial transport
on the route and reduced traffic may lead to an increase of residential housing in the
communities along the route. The proposed Project is designed to facilitate growth. It should be
noted here that growth and land use decisions are the responsibility of local jurisdiction and are
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under their control.
In summary, the proposed Project is designed to accommodate traffic volume capacities

anticipated in 2014. The No Action alternative is expected to operate at unacceptable levels of
service. The proposed Project is consistent with the growth and planning goals of the national
government as the Somalia Drive was initially intended to be 4 lanes. Based on this information,
it is concluded that the proposed Project facilitates planned growth and would not induce
growth.
(2) Lifestyle and Neighborhood Stability
Potential disruptive effect to existing residential areas near of adjacent to the Somalia Drive
would be related to the clearing of structures within 150 feet of the existing road, modification
of neighborhood accessibility and circulation, visual effects and noise effects.
Residential and commercial areas presently exist adjacent to or near the Project right of way in
all of the communities along the road. These areas would experience short-term construction
related impacts such as increased truck traffic, noise, dust, visual impacts, detours, etc.
(3) Elderly or Specific Interest Groups
The only change would be the distance that a disabled or elderly person would have to travel
across the Somalia Drive. Instead of disabled or elderly person crossing 2-lane road, they would
have to cross 4-lane road. To assist the elderly and disabled across the road, crosswalks should
be placed an set intervals on the Somalia Drive median refuge areas to assist those crossing
should be considered at various intervals. Locations and sizes will be determined during the
design phase of the Project.
(4) Housing and Employment
Along the proposed Project area, there will be relocation and acquisition of commercial and
residential properties. The majority of land to be used will be publicly-owned land that has been
issued to people under squatter licenses. People have constructed both residential and
commercial structures on the land. The majority of the businesses are shops that employ
semi-skilled and non-skilled workers. These PAPs within the Project area will have to be
relocated. Other residences and businesses close to the road will require temporary construction
easement for the use of the property through construction completion. This impact would be
minimal and temporary until construction is complete.
All displaced PAPs will be subject to a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) developed along with
this ESIA. The plan is developed to help displaced individuals move with as little inconvenience
and expense as possible, and all benefits and services will be administered to the general public
without regard to color, sex, religion or ethnic groups.
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The number of commercial units to be affected by the Project will lead to employee
displacement. This employment displacement is expected to lead displaced employees to find
employment in the relocated business itself or at a similar business in another location. Given
the semi-skilled and non-skilled nature of most employees, absorbing them in other areas will
be difficult. And given the present level of unemployment, actual job loss is imminent; however,
when economic activity is enhanced by the reconstruction of road, job opportunity will increase
naturally.
4.4 SCOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES
MPW acknowledge the need for mitigation measures during both construction and operation of
expanded road to limit the effect the Project will have on the surrounding environment and
personnel and public health and safety.
4.4.1 Involuntary Resettlement
Mitigation measures on the adverse impact caused by the involuntary resettlement are stated in
Section 5.8, Chapter 5.
And the road design for the reconstruction is recommended to apply COI (Corridor of Impact)
or PRW (Provisional Road Width) method to mitigate PAPs.
4.4.2 Biological Resources
There is a relative no vegetation and wildlife in the area that will be immensely affect by the
Project. The major area of concern for vegetation and wildlife will be in the riparian zone along
the Stockton Creek, as a bridge is already constructed over the Warner Creek.
To help mitigate impacts to the vegetation and wildlife in the riparian zone along the Stockton
Creek, the Project proponent will allow very little removal during the construction phase and
replanting during the operation phase.
Animal species identified in this zone during construction will be recorded in a wildlife-sighting
logbook and periodically reviewed to determine success of species abundance and/or
distribution.
The proponent will enforce a "no killing" policy during construction.
Storm water runoff and any wastewater discharges will be managed and treated to minimize
impacts to aquatic plants and animals in the two (2) major water bodies – the Stockton and
Warner Creeks. These practices will include good housekeeping practices, sediment and erosion
control structures, wastewater and process area storm water treatment, and oil/water separators.
All hazardous materials will be located in secure storage facilities that are protected from and
impervious to stormwater runoff and, where necessary, stored with adequate secondary
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containment.
Additionally, wastes will be disposed of properly in accordance with all established guidelines.
A Spill Contingency Plan will be developed based on EPA guidelines for the unlikely event that
there is a spill of oil or hazardous materials.
4.4.3 Erosion and Sediment Control
Prior to commencement of construction and operation activities, the Project proponents will
implement an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan. Its purpose will be to assist workers in the
implementation of control measures for storm water runoff from the Project site to prevent
degradation of water quality in the Stockton and Warner Creeks watershed. The Plan will
achieve this purpose by specifying best management practices for preventing and controlling
erosion and sedimentation associated with construction and operation activities, especially
during the rainy season.
(1) Construction Phase
When construction activities occur during the rainy season, the Project proponent will ensure
that workers will be required to minimize the area of erodible land exposed to storm water
runoff and the time of exposure to the least amount practicable. Equipment will be operated
only in designated areas. Clearing of vegetation along the Stockton Creek will be limited to
provide a vegetative buffer (riparian management zone (RMZ) to filter sediments in storm water
runoff. No topsoil will be removed from the area outside the actual road extend for any reason
whatsoever unless prior approval is granted.
(2) Operation Phase
Permanent vegetation and structures for erosion and sediment control will be installed as soon
as possible after construction. Adequate provisions will be made for long-term maintenance of
permanent erosion and sediment control structures and vegetation. Areas along the right-of-way
will be used for drainage and other public facilities.
Storm water runoff from the road will be collected through drainages and controlled to the
different waterways so as to avoid erosion.
4.4.4 Air Quality & Noise
During construction of the facility, air emissions of particulates will be limited by spraying
water on dirt roads and piles of cleared debris/loose soil during the dry season. Noise reduction
measures on individual pieces of equipment (i.e. mufflers) will limit noise levels to below
significance levels. Personnel working in areas of high noise will be required to wear ear plugs
or muffs to protect against hearing loss, and those in areas of high particulate emissions will be
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required to wear a dust filter mask to protect against inhalation of particulates.
During operation, particulate (dust) emissions from use of the road will be controlled by use of
water sprays, particularly during the dry season.
4.4.5 Waste Management
Waste generated during the construction of the Project will be managed in a manner which
minimizes potential impacts to the environment. Table 4-6 provides a summary of the waste
streams to be generated by the Project along with the storage and disposal methods for each.
Used oil generated by shop operations, vehicle maintenance, and from the oil/water separator
will be collected by the waste collection company. Garbage will be collected from the site at
least 3 times per week and disposed of at a sanitary landfill site that is designated by the
Environmental Protection Agency and methods in accordance with EPA and internationally
acceptable standards.
Table 4-6 Waste streams associated with the Project

Waste Stream Source Storage Disposal
Used oil Oil/water separator Fuel oil storage tank Collected by waste
Shop Operations management company
Vehicle Maintenance
Iron scraps Shop operations Metal drum Collected by waste
management company
Food and organic matter Operations Garbage bins Collected by waste
management company
Trash Operations Garbage bins Collected by waste
management company
Construction debris Construction Storage pile Donated to local
community or collected
by waste management
company
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CHAPTER 5
SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY WITHIN ROW
This section presents a summary of the existing socio-environmental situation including a

profile of residents of the expected project area. The survey was conducted from November 3rd
to 25th, 2009 to furnish policy makers with sets of indicators for determining the status of
residents.
Figure 5-1 Typical cross section of Project Road
5.1 SURVEY METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH
The survey focused on collection of primary data on demographic characteristics, income and
livelihoods, and housing conditions. The primary data sources used to describe the existing
socio-environmental situation are as follows:-
 Census of all project affected people;

 Structure survey based on units that are to be directly affected by the Project;
 Public/community consultations that provide qualitative data; and
 Inventory and valuation of structures and affected assets in the area.
Structured questionnaires were used to obtain census and socio-environmental information of

the potential affected peoples. The objective of the survey was to establish the magnitude of the
Project impacts on the affected occupants and structures as well as establish the value of
structures likely to be impacted. To ensure concise response, pre-coded simple and
multiple-choice questions were used during the interviews. Materials used for interview are
presented in Appendix 1.
The Environmental Consultant’s research team with vast experience in survey methodology and
fieldwork conducted the interviews of the respondents. Supervisors with adequate experience
were appointed for field management and quality control. The supervisors edited and checked
the completed questionnaires and were responsible for keeping all records prior to data entry.
5-1
The research team members held training and practical sessions focusing on interview
techniques, recording responses, and standardization of assessments. The collected data were
checked by supervisors, rechecked by a data analyst and edited for consistency, error and
coding, both in the field and before data entry.
5.2 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT AREA
The population of the townships and cities that the Somalia Drive passes through increased
greatly when the road was first constructed in 1978. The road was initially intended to be a
4-lane road; hence clearing was done of the entire project area. However, only a 2-lane road was
constructed then.
As a means of bringing goods and services to

residents of the communities, people moved
into the right-of-way that had been cleared
and not utilized. They constructed market
stalls. Later, the township and city councils
assumed authority over the land and issued
squatter rights to people. Some of the
occupants later constructed residential
structures so as to be in close proximity to
their businesses. In time to come, more Figure 5-2 Typical market along Somalia Drive
people moved into the right-of-way and
opened bigger businesses, to include garages and larger shops.
5.3 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS
Some 1,902 PAPs along the left flank of the right-of-way of the Somalia Drive will be
potentially displaced by the road rehabilitation/expansion work. The total PAPs include
individuals in the age range of 18-59 years (1,891); and elderly persons whose ages are 60 years
and above (11). This is presented in Table 5-1 and Figure 5-3. It goes to show that most of the
PAPs are youths and middle-aged persons.
Table 5-1 Age groups of PAPs. P opul a t i on B y A ge
18 to 59
Population by Age Survey Report
18 to 59 1,891 99.42%
60 > 11 0.58% 60 >
1,902 100.00%
Figure 5-3 Graph of age distribution of PAPs.
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Of the gender of the PAPs, males are in the majority, as compared to females. There are 1,339
males and 563 females. This is shown in Table 5-2 and Figure 5-4. Most of the adult males
and females in commercial structures engage in petty trading, while most adult males and
females in residential structures go into other areas for work, including in Central Monrovia.
Male and female youths are mainly students.
Table 5-2 PAPs distribution by gender P r o je c t A ffe c te d P e r s o n s B y Ge n d e r
Population by Gender Survey Report

M a le
Male 1,339 70.40%
F e m a le
Female 563 29.60%
1,902 100.00%
Figure 5-4 Population gender of PAPs.
5.4 ECONOMIC AND LIVELIHOOD STRUCTURE OF PAPS
Petty trading is the single most important and organized source of livelihood amongst the PAPs.
13.67% of the principal occupants interviewed indicated that they are engaged in petty trading.
Two other organized groups of PAPS are those working as civil servants – 0.16% and
mechanics in garages along the road – 4.10%. The larger numbers of PAPs have no special
skills nor are engaged in any particular activities to earn their livelihood. 1,561 or 82.07% of the
PAPs fall in this category. The livelihoods of the PAPs are shown in Table 5-3 and Figure 5-5.
Table 5-3 Livelihood/occupation of PAPs.

PAPs Occupations/Source of Living Petty Trading
What Do You Do For A
Survey Report
Living?/Occupation Civil Servant
Petty Trading 260 13.67% Mechanic

Civil Servant 3 0.16%
No Special
Mechanic 78 4.10% Occupation/Skill
No Special Occupation/Skill 1,561 82.07%

1,902 100.00% Figure 5-5 Livelihood/occupations of PAPs.
5.5 HOUSING IN THE PROJECT AREA
There are a total of 1,257 structures in the area to be affected or demolished potentially due to
the implementation of the Project. Some of the structures are used for residential purpose, while
the most are used for commercial purposes. The residential structures are 172 units, while the
commercial structures are 929 units. Some of the structures were still under construction or
were unoccupied or abandoned and could not be classified as residential or commercial. These
numbered 156. And it must be emphasized here that some of the structures were used for both
residential and commercial purposes because some occupants wish to be in close proximity to
their businesses. These were marked as commercial units. Table 5-4 and Figure 5-6 below
show the structure distribution in the Project area.
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Table 5-4 Structures in the Project area
Nature of Structures
Nature of Structures Survey Report Residential
Residential 172 13.68%
Commercial
Commercial 929 73.91%
Unoccupied or Abandoned 156 12.41% Unoccupied
1,257 100.00%
Figure 5-6 Graphs of structure units in Project

area.
The structures in the Project area are of different types. Some were constructed of concrete and
others mud bricks. Some were simply makeshifts, while metal containers were brought in and
placed on the property. These are mainly used for commercial activities. Some structures could
not just be adequately described. Table 5-5 and Figure 5-7 show the structures types in the
Project area.
Table 5-5 Structure types in the Project area. Str u ctu r e T yp e s
Structure Types Survey Report C o n c re t e
Concrete 481 38.27% M ud

B ric k s
Mud Bricks 164 13.05% M a k e s h ift
Makeshift 272 21.64% C o n ta in e r
Container 288 22.91% O th e rs
Others 52 4.14%
1,257 100.00% Figure 5-7 Graphs of structure types in
Project area.
5.6 LAND TENURE
The communities along the Somalia Drive are mainly squatter communities. 67.22% of the
people that have structures in the Project area admitted that they have squatter rights from the
municipal authorities. 6.84% of the PAPs claimed to have fee simple title for the land their
structures occupy. These will have to be verified during any resettlement planning. Yet, 25.93%
of the structure owners have no documentation for the land they are occupying or were not
available during the conduct of the survey. These are shown in Table 5-6 and Figure 5-8.
Table 5-6 Title rights of PAPs. O c c u p a n t s T it le O v e r P r o je c t A r e a
What Title Do You Have? Survey Report Deed
Deed 86 6.84% S q u a tte r R ig h t
Squatter Right 845 67.22% N o D o cu m e n t
No Document 326 25.93%

1,257 100.00%
Figure 5-8 Graph showing title rights of PAPs
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It was also gathered from the survey data that the PAPs have occupied the Project area for many
years. It was found that 62.62% have occupied the Project area for between 1-5 years; 22.77%
have occupied the land for between 6-10 years; 5.99% have occupied the land for between
11-15 years and 8.62% of the PAPs have occupied the land for more than 16 years. It can
therefore be concluded that majority of the PAPs moved into the Project area recently. This can
be explained by the cessation of the civil conflict and inauguration of the new Government in
2006 and presence of the United Nations Mission, after nearly 13 years of civil crisis. The peace
and security brought in by the government and UN forces can be responsible for the increase of
people within the Project area. These results are shown in Table 5-7 and Figure 5-9 below.
Table 5-7 Length of stay of PAPs in area. How Long Occupants Have Live d in Proje ct Are a
Length of Stay in Project 1 - 5 yrs

Survey Report 6 - 10 yrs
Area
11 - 15 yrs
1 - 5 yrs 1,191 62.62%
16 yrs >
6 - 10 yrs 433 22.77%
11 – 15 yrs 114 5.99%
16 yrs > 164 8.62% Figure 5-9 Length of stay of PAPs in Project area
1,902 100.00%
5.7 PATTERN OF SOCIAL INTERACTION AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
The community enjoys social harmony and cordiality in spite of comprising diverse ethnic and
social, religious, and cultural background. As it is found across Liberia, primary and extended
family members provide supports for each other in meeting basic needs such as food, shelter
and other social services. This is also common in the Project area. Many of the communities
have organized leadership structure, with the Community Leader being the senior spokesperson.
(1) Social Network and Support System
The community thrives by various social networks and support systems. Generally, the social
network includes associations along semi-professional lines, for example tailors, marketers and
mechanics. Other associations are on the basis of age, such as youth groups; on the other hand,
some associations are on gender basis such as the community women groups. Such interactions
are used to promote and protect personal relationship and welfare. Another social network
called “Susu” is particularly a social network/support group of small scale businessmen and
other interest investors coming together for saving and loan purposes. “Susu” not only provides
financial security to its members but fosters solidarity and greater cohesion within the
community.
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5.8 RESETTLEMENT ON PAPS
If the Project is to be implemented, occupants of the structures in the Project area will have to
be resettled to other locations. The section of this ESIA takes into account applicable existing
policies concerning resettlement within the context of Liberian Law. This is also in compliance
with requirements of the World Bank Policy (OP 14.12) on Involuntary Resettlement and
relevant social safeguard policies.
5.8.1 Present Resettlement Policy Framework
(1) National Environmental Policy (2003)
This Policy aims at improving the physical environment, quality of life and coordination
between economic development, growth, and sustainable management of natural resources.
Key objectives of the policy include:
 The systematic and logical framework with which to address environmental issues;
 Benchmarks for addressing environmental problems in the medium- to long-term;
 Context for financial/donor support to particular sectors and non-sector;
 The means for generating information and awareness on environmental problems; and
 To demonstrate Liberia’s commitment to sustainable management of the environment.
(2) World Bank Policies
The World Bank’s social and environmental safeguard policies seek to prevent and mitigate
potential adverse impacts associated with the Bank’s lending operations that may adversely
affect people and their environment. The road rehabilitation project warrants the World Bank’s
safeguard policies on Environmental Assessment OP/BP 4.01 and Involuntary Resettlement OP
4.12.
(3) OP/BP 4.01-Enviornmental Assessment
The World Bank requires environmental screening of each proposed Project to determine the
appropriate extent and type of EA process. OP/BP 4.01-Enviornmental Assessment outlines the
policy and procedure for environmental assessment of the Bank’s lending operations. The road
rehabilitation project is classified as Category A, which could have potential adverse
environmental impacts on human population as well as the environment.
(4) OP 4.12-Involuntary Resettlement
The policy deals with direct economic and social impacts that may result from Bank-assisted
investment projects, and are caused by (1) the involuntary taking of land resulting in relocation
or loss of shelter; loss of assets or access to assets or loss of income sources or means of
livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location; and (2) the
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involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas resulting in
adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. This policy applies to the road
rehabilitation works.
5.8.2 Regulatory Framework
The Liberian Constitution and other laws provide for resettlement and compensation. This
section provides a detailed description of the legal framework for the implementation of
involuntary resettlement projects in Liberia, taking into account the following applicable
Liberian Laws.
(1) Liberian Constitution of 1986
Article 22 (a) and (b) of the Constitution gives right to all individuals to own property, either on
individual basis or in conjunction with other individuals, as long as they are Liberian citizens.
The right to ownership of property however does not extend to mineral resources on, or beneath
the land
Article 24 (a) states that while the State guarantees the inviolate rights of individuals to private
properties, said properties can be expropriated provided the properties are used for public
purpose and there is just compensation.
5.8.3 Adverse Impacts on PAPs by the Project
The Project is likely is impact the lives of occupants within the Project area. The major adverse
impacts include permanent losses of residential lands, homelessness, and loss of access to
property and resources and joblessness. From the survey, it is shown that many PAPs desire to
live in the Project area. These are shown in Table 5-8 and Figure 5-10.
Table 5-8 PAPs’ desire to live in the Project area PAPs desire to live at sam e place.
PAPs desire to live at same place Survey Report

Yes
Yes 1,530 80.44%
No
No 28 1.47%
No Answer 344 18.09% No Answer
1,902 100.00%
Figure 5-10 PAPs’ desire to live in Project area
Despite the fact that PAPs are likely to relocate due to the implementation of the Project, the
PAPs acknowledge that the road expansion is very useful to the country and are willing to make
the sacrifice. Table 5-9 and Figure 5-11 show the willingness of the PAPs to the road
expansion.
5-7
Table 5-9 PAPs’ willingness to the road expansion. PAPs Acce p tan ce o f Ro ad Exp an s io n
Is the Road Expansion Useful? Survey Report Yes
Yes 1,791 94.16% No

No A nswer
No 13 0.68%
No Answer 98 5.15%
1,902 100.00% Figure 5-11 PAPs’ willingness to the Project.
Loss of Residential houses and other Domestic Structures: 172 units or 13.68% of the
structures in the Project area, which are solely residential, will be potentially affected and
demolished. The residential units are mainly constructed with concrete – 38.27%. Some of the
structures listed as unoccupied are likely residential structures too. Few owners of residential
structures have title deed for the land, while majority have squatter rights.
Loss of shops and business places: Of the total 1,257 structures to be affected by the Project,
929 units or 73.91% are used for commercial purposes. However, it must be noted that some
commercial structures are also used for residential purpose. Further, most of the structures listed
as unoccupied are likely to be commercial units. In fact, some were operated as commercial
units and presently closed or abandoned. Hence, the total number of commercial units is likely
to increase.
Displacement of People (homelessness): Some 1,902 PAPs in the Project area will be
displaced by the road expansion work. The total PAPs includes persons aged range of 18- 59
years (1,891); and older persons whose ages are 60 years and above (11). Males are in majority
of the affected people. The PAPs comprise 1,339 males and 563 females, who will be
potentially displaced.
Joblessness: As petty trading is a significant means of livelihood for people in the Project area,
there will be temporary losses of job for the traders when they are displaced and loose business
opportunities associated with the area. Majority of the occupants are unskilled and engage in
whatever activities they find available to sustain themselves. Their relocation from the Project
area will affect their livelihood.
Mitigation: Resettlement options to mitigate the impact of displacement may include

replacement or cash compensation for lost assets and structure, as well as relocation allowance.
Asset replacement measures will either be in kind which could involve provision of alternative
land, residential and business structures, or in cash settlement that may involve monetary
awards commensurate with the value of the lost assets.
And measure to reduce the number of PAPs in design stage is so much recommended.
Majority of the PAPs – 95.06% expressed willingness to move so as to facilitate

commencement of the Project. Most of the PAPs – 89.85% requested to be given adequate
5-8
notice and want to move within 1-2 months, if requested, In view of the urgency to commence
the road expansion work, it is important to negotiate with the majority who are not disposed to
leave much sooner to facilitate earlier start date of the Project. Table 5-10 and Table 5-11 and
Figure 5-12 and Figure 5-13 show the survey results of the willingness of PAPs to relocate
from the Project area and the time to do so respectively.
Table 5-10 PAPs’ willingness to move. P A P s W illin g n e s s T o M o v e F r o m P r o je c t A r e a
Would You Want To Move? Survey Report Ye s
Yes 1,808 95.06% No
No 24 1.26%
No
No Answer 70 3.68% An s w e r
1,902 100.00%
Figure 5-12 Graph of PAPs’ willingness to move.
Table 5-11 PAPs’ timeframe to vacate Project area. Ho w So o n PA Ps A r e W illin g T o M o ve
1 - 2 W eek s
If Yes, How Soon? Survey Report
3 - 4 W eek s
1 - 2 Weeks 73 3.84%
1 m onth or A S A P
3 - 4 Weeks 44 2.31%
No A ns wer
1 month or more 1,709 89.85%
No Answer 76 4.00%
Figure 5-13 Graph of timeframe of PAPs to
1,902 100.00%
vacate Project area.
Many of the PAPs expressed their major issues of concern relative to the Project area. For some
of the PAPs, the environmental nature of the Project area was paramount, still for others,
security traffic and safety were the major issues of concerns. Further, some had more then one
issue of concern and for others, all of the issues were considered. Others did not have any issue.
Units those are occupied did not participate in this exercise. The issues of concerns of the PAPs
can be seen in Table 5-12 and Figure 5-14 below.
Table 5-12 Issues of concerns of PAPs.

Which Problems Affect PAPs Most Environmental
Which Problem Affect You
Survey Report
Most? Security
Environmental 448 32.07% Traffic
Security 219 15.68% Safety
Traffic 141 10.09%
All
Safety 43 3.08%
No Answer
All 5 0.36%
No Answer 541 38.73%
Figure 5-14 Graph of PAPs major concerns.
1,397 100.00%
As most of the occupants are squatters, cash assistance or compensation is preferred, since
according to the PAPs, it will enable them to readily settle themselves. However, they
underscored the need for prompt payment to assist them in the resettlement process. Table 5-13
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and Figure 5-15 show the PAPs’ preferable method of resettlement.
Table 5-13 PAPs’ method of resettlement.

PAPs m ethod of resettlem ent
How Do PAPs want to be
Survey Report
Resettled? Assistance
Assistance 41 2.16% Compensation
Compensation 1,337 70.29% Land/Another Place
No Answ er
Land/Another Place 359 18.87%
No Answer 165 8.68%
1,902 100.00%
Figure 5-15 Graph of PAPs’ method of
resettlement.
A property valuation survey was conducted along with the socio-environmental survey. The
purpose of this survey was to determine the assessed value of the properties occupied by the
PAPs in the Project area. Further, majority of the PAPs have stated that they wish to be
compensated for the values of their properties to enable them relocate. Table 5-14 shows the
total assessed value of the properties of the PAPs in the Project area. This included not only
properties of PAPs interviewed, but also for structures that were unoccupied or abandoned as
they will also be affected by the survey. However, as only portions of some of the properties are
to be demolished and use and container structures will not be damaged, but relocated and still
useful to PAPs, there is a need to review the assessed values.
Table 5-14 Assessed value of the properties of PAPs.

Properties Assessed Values (US$)
All Structures 3,183,194.72
Average Value per Structure (1257) 2,532.37
5.9 LAND ACQUISITION AND PAPS RELOCATION SYSTEM IN LIBERIA
(1) Customary Tenure
Customary tenure involves the use of land which the government has granted to people in the
hinterland through customary rights. The process begins with the Town Chief, then the Clan or
Paramount Chief and finally the District Commissioner who prepares Customary Land Grant
Certificates which are subsequently legalized by the President of Liberia.
(2) Freehold Tenure
This involves holding land in perpetuity or for a term fixed by a condition and enables the
holder to exercise, subject to the law, full powers of ownership.
(3) Leasehold Tenure
This tenure is created either by contract or by operation of law. Under the tenure, the landlord or
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lessor grants the tenant or lessee exclusive possession of the land, usually for a specific period
in return for a rent, granting the tenant security of tenure and a proprietary interest in the land.
(4) Squatter Tenure
This tenure is also created by contract or agreement. Under the tenure, a provisional or
municipal authority grants a tenant rights to temporarily utilize a public land. The tenant is
barred from erecting permanent structure on the property. Given reasonable notice, the tenant is
to vacate the property at such time that the provisional or municipal authority intends to utilize
the property for purpose purposes.
(5) Land Valuation System
The Republic of Liberia is the original grantor of land and the public are all grantees. Anyone
who obtains land from the State has a bona fide title and right to full possession and use of said
land. However the State has the right to revoke any previously granted title it has issued.
In the exercise of such power of condemnation, the State, through its institutions, is statutorily
obligated to first evaluate the current market value of the property to be acquired with the aim of
providing just compensation to the affected owner. Where the land to be condemned is for
public use, the State has the burden of replacing it with one of commensurate value.
In the case of public land, Title 31 of the Liberian Code provides the procedure for determining
the cost as follows:
 One dollar per acre for land lying on the margin of a river;
 Fifty cents per acre for land lying in the interior;
 Thirty dollars per lot for towns lots
(6) Compensation
The basis for one to receive compensation for acquired land is provided for by Article 24 of the
1986 Liberian Constitution. The provision states that expropriation may be authorized for
national security issues or where the public health and safety are endangered, or for any other
public purposes, provided:
 That reasons for such expropriation are given;

 That there is prompt payment of just compensation;
 That such expropriation or the compensation offered may be challenged freely by the
owner of the property in a court of law with no penalty for having brought such action;
and
 That when property taken for public use ceases to be so used, the Republic shall accord
the former owner, the right of first refusal to re-acquire the property.
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(7) Grievance Remedial
The right of an aggrieved party to seek redress is provided for under Liberian laws. In the
instance where the grievance lies against an entity of government, the first step in seeking
redress is to lodge a complaint with the agency, which shall then conduct a hearing and make a
determination on the matter. Such decisions are subject to appeal to a regular court. Appeal may
also be taken to higher court from a lower court if the aggrieved is not satisfied with the
judgment. An aggrieved may seek appellate review up to the Supreme Court of Liberia. The
Supreme Court is the highest judicial body to which an appeal may be lodged and its decisions
can not be appealed.
Besides the court system, a dispute may be resolved through mechanisms such as mediation at
administrative agencies, where the aggrieved party refers the dispute to a third party for a
decision binding on both parties; or arbitration, where both parties appoint a broad or arbitrators
who may make a binding decision on resolution of the dispute.
Table 5-15 below shows the comparison between the Liberian regulations and the World Bank
Policy on Involuntary Resettlement of PAPs.
Table 5-15 Comparison of Liberian Regulations & World Bank Policy on involuntary resettlement.
Theme Liberian Legislation World Bank Policy OP.4.12 Mitigation Measures
Categories of There is no distinction between Involuntary Resettlement should be avoided Project should be designed to
affected affected individuals. Land where feasible, or minimized. distinguish between classes of
individuals owners, land tenants, land  Particular attention should be given to affected individuals and this
users, owners of buildings, and vulnerable groups should be taken into
owners of perennial crops are  Displaced persons should be assisted to consideration in awarding
all lumped together and treated improve their livelihoods and standards of compensation.
likewise. living or at least to restore them to
There are no separate pre-project levels.
provisions for especially
vulnerable classes of people.
Impacts Addresses only direct physical Compensation should involve direct economic Design project to take
impact of acquiring land. and social impact cause by acquisition. socio-environmental issues into
Socio-environmental It is not required to cover indirect social or consideration in determining
considerations are not given economic impacts, but it is good practice for the compensation.
priority. borrower to undertake social assessment and
implementation measures to minimize adverse
impacts, particularly to poor and vulnerable
groups
Compensation Affected persons are to be Affected persons should be: Adequate communication
& informed before repossession of  Informed in a timely manner on their between government agencies
Participation land. However, there is no options and right pertaining to resettlement and affected individuals well
provision on the notice period,  Offered choices among, and provided with ahead of scheduled period of
neither is there a distinction technically and economically feasible repossession.
between farmed land, and resettlement alternatives
developed land. Provided with timely and relevant information
to host communities receiving re-settlers.
Eligibility for Compensation is restricted to The absence of legal title to land or other assets Design project to extend
compensation individuals having a legal title is not, in itself, a bar to compensation for lost compensation (social and
& benefits to affected land or property assets or other resettlement assistance economic) to individuals who do
not have legal title to property
Monitoring & External evaluation is not Internal monitoring and external evaluation are Design project to involve third
Evaluation required required party input in assessment of
compensation to be paid.
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5.10 TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE PREPARATION OF EIA PERMIT/LICENSE
Under Annex 1 (Section 6) of Environmental Protection & Management Law of Liberia,

construction and expansion/upgrading of road, is considered to require environmental impact
assessment (EIA). However, full scale EIA will not be required for rehabilitation/improvement
of existing facility. The process requires the preparation of both an Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP), as shown in yellow color in
Figure 5-16 hereunder.
Figure 5-16 Environmental assessment procedure in Liberia
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CHAPTER 6
GENERAL PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION
6.1 SCOPING PROCESS
The EPA of Liberia requires a formal scoping process when an

Environmental & Social Impact Assessment is conducted. Hence
at the start of the process, a full public awareness campaign was
launched. The notice of intent of the Project was announced from
2nd November to 19th December on three (3) local radio stations,
namely the Truth FM, Sky FM and Star Radio. The public notice
(Figure 6-1) was also published in Volumes 18 number 195 and
204, November 3rd and 18th editions of the Inquirer Newspaper.
Flyers were also produced and placarded on structures in the
Project area. The notice in the different media was meant to
inform the residents of the Project area and stakeholders of the Figure 6-1 Announcement
initiation of the Project and soliciting their fullest support and in newspaper
cooperation for its success. The public was also notified to desist
from further occupying the Project area during of after the commencement of the work.
The comments of potentially affected persons, businesses, interest groups and the public at large
were required by December 31, 2009. The majority of the comments dealt with ensuring PAPs
should be informed adequately before the commencement of the road construction and that they
are given some assistance to relocate. A major comment from many PAPs is that the Project
proponent reduces the width of the Project area from a distance of 150 feet from the mid-section
of the existing road to a width of 100 feet. No one expressed opposition to the Project.
6.2 CONSULTATIONS WITH RELATED MINISTRIES
Consultations were held with several entities before the commencement of the work.
Consultation was held with Varney Conneh, Environmental Coordinator of the Environmental
Protection Agency of Liberia on 28 October 2009. The meeting was firstly to notify the EPA of
the commencement of the Project and soliciting their concerns. The EPA expressed concern for
the surrounding wetland, but indicated that as the Somalia Drive already exist; expansion would
not adversely affect the wetland. Hence, the Project could proceed.
Consultation was held with Carlton Miller, Assistant Minister for Mineral Exploration &
Environmental Research and Emmanuel Sherman, Chief Geologist of the Ministry of Lands,
Mines & Energy, and the statutory agency responsible for the demarcation of land features on
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29 October 2009. The purpose of the discussion was to get a better understanding of the
declared right-of-way for roads in different communities and environmental concerns of the
ministry.
Consultation was also held with Christian Herbert, Assistant Minister for Planning of the
Ministry of Public Works, the statutory agency responsible for the construction of motor roads
in Liberia, on 30 October 2009. The ministry indicated that it had submitted the request for the
expansion of the Somalia Drive on behalf of the government and that they will work with the
Environmental Consultant and PAPs to ensure the implementation of the Project.
6.3 SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY
A detailed socio-environmental survey was conducted within the Project area. The purpose of
the survey was to identify all structures and potential PAPs within the Project area. Every
structure was marked to indicate it as either residential or commercial. The name of the
principal occupants of each structure was recorded, along with a contact detail. Photos of the
structures were taken, as well as a geographic coordinate. The type of structure was indicated,
as well as information as to the nature of ownership of the land. Each of the structure was
assessed by technicians of the Real Estate Division of the Government. Occupants were
requested to express their intention for the Project, as well as concerns they may have. The total
numbers of occupants of each structure were recorded. For residential structures, the age,
education level, occupation/source of income, religious affiliation and tribal affiliation were
recorded. For commercial structures, only the age and occupation of the employers/employees
were recorded. The forms used for the socio-environmental survey are presented in Appendix 1.
6.4 SITE STAKEHOLDERS MEETINGS
To obtain the fullest participation of PAPs and interested stakeholders, several meetings were
planned in order to ensure that all possible concerns were addressed. Since the 13.7 km length
of the Somalia Drive cuts across different communities, the meetings were scheduled in the
different communities so as to ensure participation of all PAPs. The meetings were scheduled as
shown in Table 6-1 and Figure 6-2 below.
Table 6-1 Schedule of stakeholders (community) meetings

Freeport of Monrovia to Battery Factory Junction - December 5, 2009 at 12:00 p.m. at the Faith
1
& Victory School System, near Jamaica Road Junction.
Battery Factory Junction to Supermarket - December 5, 2009 at 3:00 pm at the Jimmy Jolocon
2
School, near the Police Depot, Supermarket.
Supermarket to Chicken Soup Factory Junction - December 12, 2009 at 3:00 p.m. at the
3
Jerusalem A.G. School, opposite M.T.A., Gardnerville.
Chicken Soup Factory Junction to St. Francis Junction - December 12, 2009 at 12:00 p.m., at
4
the Monrovia Vocational Training Center (MVTC).
St. Francis Junction to 72nd Junction - December 19, 2009 at 12:00 p.m. at the Calvary Temple
5
School.
72nd Junction to Red Light - December 19, 2009 at 3:00 p.m. at the Paynesville Central
6
Academic School.
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Figure 6-2 Map of site stakeholders meetings along the Somalia Drive.
Adequate announcements were made on the Truth FM, Sky FM and Star Radio to notify
stakeholders of the meetings. Flyers were also placarded in each community before the
meetings.
(1) First Community Meeting
The first community meeting was held Saturday, December 5, 2009 at the Faith & Victory
School near Jamaica Road. Occupants of structures marked SD-A-001 to SD-A-337, as well as
interested stakeholders were requested to attend the said meeting.
Figure 6-3 Partial view of participants of the first Meeting
The meeting commenced at 12:00 p.m. and was moderated by the Environmental Consultant.
Officials from the Ministry of Public Works represented the Project proponent. The
Environmental Consultant was Michael V. Suah, Mulbah Nupolu and Seymour Dweh. Officials
from the Ministry of Public Works were Elijah Karnley, Zoning Director, and Edsel E. Smith,
Assistant Minister for Technical Services.
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Opening statements were made by Michael V. Suah, Manager of The Environmental Consultant.
He gave an overview of the meeting and urged participants to raise their concerns as
representative of the Ministry of Public Works were available to address their concerns. For his
part, Mr. Smith of the Ministry of Public Works told the gathering that when roads are built,
they bring along socioeconomic development. He said the Somalia Driver Road was initially
intended to have been a four lane road because of the Free Port of Monrovia but, because of
financial difficulties and couple with the civil crisis, the Project did not materialized. He also
said that the right-of-way is intended for public utilities such as power lines, water & sewage
lines, telecommunication lines and security reasons, etc. He told PAPs to ask questions of
interest and they will try to address their concerns. Also speaking was Elijah Karnley, Zoning
Director. He asked PAPs to think of how their community and road should look like few years
from now. He told the gathering that the Somalia Drive Road construction started in 1975 with
the plan of it being a four lane road but Government did not have the financial means to
complete it then. He concluded that the meeting was the first step in the road construction.
PAPs were then asked by Mr. Suah to identify themselves before raising their concerns as
follows:
Mr. Jetro Tamba: “I am happy that the Government is trying to implement the zoning law and
the approach been taken to construct the road. I am asking the Government to help us to be
relocated.”
Mr. Mohammed Sesay: “I am a squatter. Every development must have some pain. What will
Government do to help us so that the development can take place?”
Mr. Robert W. Browne: “I want to know how much land the Government is going to take for
the road construction project.”
Mr. David N. Wall: “I will like to thank the Government for the development they are bringing.
Some of us have deed for our land and some do not have. The 150ft is too much for the road
construction. Is the Government going to compensate us for our land?”Alfred D. Gaddeh:
“Government has been breaking our structure without compensating us. This time Government
should compensate us before breaking our structure.”
Morris Zehdeh: “Thanks very much for the gathering. Will Government be able to help me
relocate my container?”
Isaac Tokpah: “If Government is ready for progress, we the citizens will be ready. In the 1980’s,
structures were broken down and no development took place. I will like to know if this road
project will really commence this time around.”
Esther Russell: “We are squatters on the Somalia Drive and are appealing to Government to
6-4
compensate us before breaking our structure”
Esther Nyemah: “I will like to know as to whether we are going to move to give way for the
road construction and when the construction is finished, those of us who areas will not be affect
by the road will be allowed to come back?”
The representatives of the Ministry of Public Works and the Environmental Consultant
responded to the concerns of PAPs and stakeholders to the effect that the Government intended
to commence the Project soon and that PAP will be assisted to relocate before commencement
of construction. A major concern of PAPs was that the width of the Project area be reduced
from 150 feet to 100 feet. The meeting ended at 2:30 p.m. The full attendances at the meeting
are presented in Appendix 2.
(2) Second Community Meeting
The second community meeting was held on

Saturday, December 5, 2009 at the Jimmy Jolocon
School near Supermarket, Gardnersville, along the
Somalia Drive. Occupants of structures marked
SD-A-338 to SD-A-605, as well as interested
stakeholders were requested to attend the said
meeting.
The meeting commenced at 3:30 p.m. and was

Figure 6-4 Partial view of participants
moderated by the Environmental Consultant.
of the second Meeting
Officials from the Ministry of Public Works represented the Project proponent.
The Environmental Consultants were Michael V. Suah, Mulbah Nupolu and Seymour Dweh.
Officials from the Ministry of Public Works were Elijah Karnley, Zoning Director, Edsel E.
Smith, Assistant Minister for Technical Services and David Wiles, Environmental Consultant.
Opening statements were again made by Michael V. Suah, Manager of the Environmental
Consultant. He gave an overview of the meeting and urged participants to present their concerns
as representative of the Ministry of Public Works were available to address their concerns. For
his part, Mr. Smith of the Ministry of Public Works told the gathering that the Somalia Driver
Road was initially intended to have been a four lane road because of the Free Port of Monrovia
but, because of financial difficulties and couple with the civil crisis, the Project did not
materialized. He also said that the right-of-way is intended for public utilities such as power
lines, water & sewage lines, telecommunication lines and security reasons, etc. He told PAPs to
ask questions of interest and they will try to address their concerns. Also speaking was Elijah
Karnley, Zoning Director. He stated that development comes with pain and the government will
do everything to assist PAPs to relocate before the commencement of the road expansion.
6-5
PAPs were then asked by Mr. Suah to identify themselves before raising their concerns as
follows:
Mr. George Saiba: “Over the years, we have experienced lots of hardships. We are business
people. I will like for Government to have us informed before moving us.”
Abu Mendimassah: “I will like to thank Government for the meeting. In 1987, our structures
were removed without consultation. I have lived in the right-of-way for eleven years as a
squatter with a Squatter Right from the Government. I have seven children. Where I am living is
where I get my ‘daily bread’ to support my family. I pay tax to Government. What will
Government do for me? Let the Government find place for me.
Peter Nelson: “Nobody is against development. It comes with pain. In 1987, the right-of- way
was 100 ft and now it is 150 ft, which is affecting my property. Government should relocate and
compensate us for our businesses and our structures. How do we reconcile the 100 ft in 1987
and the present 150 ft? Is it a new policy?”
Emmanuel D. Richards: “This is the first of it kind where government has called a meeting with
regards to development. I am appealing to Government to maintain the 100 ft instead of 150 ft
now been requested.”
responded to the concerns of PAPs and stakeholders to the effect that even though in the past,
the right-of-way was set at 100 ft, the Government now intended to utilize 150 ft. They further
stated that the Government intended to commence the Project soon and that PAP will be
assisted to relocate before commencement of construction. They finally stated that they will
present to senior authority the appeal of PAPs that the Project area be set with a width of 100 ft
instead of 150 ft.
The meeting ended at 4:45 p.m. The full attendances at the meeting are presented in Appendix
2.
(3) Third Community Meeting
The third community meeting was held

Saturday, December 12, 2009, at the Monrovia
Vocational Training Center (M.V.T.C.), along
the Somalia Drive. Occupants of structures
marked SD-A-885 to SD-A-936, as well as
interested stakeholders were requested to
Figure 6-5 Partial view of participants of

the third meeting
6-6
attend the said meeting.
Environmental Consultant was Michael V. Suah and Seymour Dweh. Officials from the
Ministry of Public Works were Elijah Karnley, Zoning Director, and Edsel E. Smith, Assistant
Minister for Technical Services.
Opening statements were again made by Michael V. Suah, Manager of the Environmental
Consultant. He gave an overview of the meeting and urged participants to present their concerns
as representative of the Ministry of Public Works were available to address their concerns. For
his part, Elijah Karnley of the Ministry of Public Works told the gathering that the Somalia
Driver Road was initially intended to have been a four lane road because of the Free Port of
Monrovia but, because of financial difficulties and couple with the civil crisis, the Project did
not materialized. He gave comparison of the existing road and those of neighboring countries
and indicated that there is a need for improvement in our road network. He indicted what the
road will be like upon completion, to put Liberia on par with other countries.
PAPs were then asked to identify themselves before raising their concerns as follows:
Mr. Zulo Tengbeh: “When is the road construction going to start?”
Lydia Buah: “I am happy with the development. However, I have used over $2000 to build the
present structure. I have my children. What will become of my money?”
Austin Benda: “What will be the outcome of those who are squatting on the Project area without
legitimate document?”
John Dennis: “I am a renter on the property of another person. What will become of me?”
Mohammed Bility: “I have a property at the Warner (Double) Bridge. What will become of my
property?”
John Derrick: “I will wish that subsequent meetings are held on Sunday.”
responded to the concerns of PAPs and stakeholders. They were informed that the road
construction will only start after the conduct of the ESIA and implementation of a possible
relocation program. PAPs were informed that the Government will consider some form of
assistance. As it relates to renter and house-owners, they will be considered under different
categories. And as for the holding of meetings on Sunday, participants were informed that some
structures are businesses and the owners may not be available on Sundays since they may live
elsewhere. However, the day will be reviewed.
6-7
Again, the issue of the 150 ft was raised and many appealed that the distance be reduced to 100
ft.
2.
(4) Fourth Community Meeting
The fourth community meeting was held

Saturday, December 12, 2009, at the
Jerusalem Assembly of God School,
opposite the Monrovia Transit Authority
(MTA). Occupants of structures marked
SD-A-606 to SD-A-884, as well as
The meeting commenced at 3:15 p.m. Figure 6-6 Partial view of participants of the
and was moderated by the fourth Meeting
Environmental Consultant. Officials from the Ministry of Public Works represented the Project
proponent. The Environmental Consultant was Michael V. Suah and Seymour Dweh. Officials
from the Ministry of Public Works were Elijah Karnley, Zoning Director, and Edsel E. Smith,
Assistant Minister for Technical Services.
Opening statements were made by Michael V. Suah, Manager of the Environmental Consultant.
He gave a brief overview of the meeting and urged participants to present their concerns as
representative of the Ministry of Public Works were available to address their concerns.
Speaking on behalf of the Ministry of Public Works, Mr. Edsel Smith presented the
Government’s view and asked for the cooperation of PAPs as the Project was in the interest of
all. Elijah Karnley indicated that people want a good environmental and as such have to make
sacrifice for it. He stated that the Project would bring a little hardship to few in the beginning,
but the long-term benefit would be good.
Thomas Yancy: “I thank you all for the meeting. Previously, the MPW and Mary Broh have
informed us that the right-of-way was 75 feet. Now you are indicating that it is 150 feet. What is
the exact measurement? Ill there is assistance given us to relocate?”
Sam Lavelee: “I thank you for the meeting. In recent time, the Gardnersville Town Council and
Mary Broh demanded that we renovate our structures. Having done so, it has now become
apparent that we will have to relocate. We have also paid to the Gardnersville Town Council for
6-8
Squatter Right. Who will compensate us?”
Justin Efe: “I am appealing that the Government will utilize a lesser area than the 150 feet.”
Fallah Brown: “in the 1980’s, we were informed that the right-of-way was 100 feet. We
therefore constructed beyond that distance now, you have said 150 feet and our properties fall
within that distance. Who will compensate us?”
Sunny Idoghor: “Will everybody be considered the same during the relocation? I am also
appealing that we be given time to relocate.”
Kebeh M. Foko: “I am appealing that the Government utilize 100 feet.”
James Cooper: “I have had my structure demolished many times. Who will compensate me?”
Armah Conneh: “With the exercise affect churches and mosques? I am also appealing for 100
feet.”
Fallah Barcibo: “We are happy for the Project. However, we request that we be given adequate
time to relocate.”
Alonzo Bayoh: “Is the road expansion going to be on both sides of the road.”
Mary Pelham: “I am appealing for 100 feet to be used, instead of the 150 feet used during the
survey.”
James Dennis, Sr.: “My cornerstone is located at 112 feet from the road. I am appealing that
only 100 feet be used.”
Mustapha Kamara: “During the resettlement process, will the Government give us constructed
property or empty land?”
Rev. Jarco Joedoe: “I am appealing that the Government adequately compensate us so that we
be able to construct permanent structures elsewhere.”
S. Abubakar Sheriff: “I want the Project to commence because in the past, we have been
informed that the work would commence, but it did not.”
Elizabeth Kollie: “If the government is going to utilize only 100 feet, we will request that only
those structures within that distance should be demolished.”
Joseph Oroh: “Will compensation be given to both house-owners and renters?”
Bobby Koneta: “My mother acquired squatter right for a piece of property within the Project
area only 3 months ago. What will happen to us?”
6-9
Fina Ketter: “As the Christmas Seasons is near and we intend to paint our structures, should be
cover the survey marks?
Sekou: “We request that we will be compensated and moved before the commencement of the
Project. And we should be given adequate time.”
responded to the concerns of PAPs and stakeholders. They were informed that the road
construction will only start after the conduct of the ESIA and implementation of a possible
relocation program. PAPs were informed that the Government will consider some form of
assistance, but that different category of people will be considered. Those occupying residential
structures will be considered different from commercial structures; and squatters will be
considered differently than legitimate landowners. They were also informed that their appeal for
the utilization of 100 feet will be delivered to the relevant authority.
2.
(5) Fifth Community Meeting
The fifth community meeting was held

Saturday, December 19, 2009, at the
Calvary Temple School, along the Somalia
Drive. Occupants of structures marked
SD-A-937 to SD-A-1099, as well as
The meeting commenced at 12:20 p.m. and Figure 6-7 Partial view of participants of the
was moderated by the Environmental fifth meeting with a PAP raising a concern
Consultant. Officials from the Ministry of

Public Works represented the Project proponent. The Environmental Consultant was Michael V.
Suah and Seymour Dweh. Officials from the Ministry of Public Works were Elijah Karnley,
Zoning Director, and Edsel E. Smith, Assistant Minister for Technical Services.
Speaking on behalf of the Ministry of Public Works, Mr. Edsel Smith stated that the expansion
of the road will be for the benefit of all and that the expansion of the Somalia Drive will be
good for industrial activities. He also stated that the different categories of PAPs will be
6-10
considered specially.
Kingsley Twumoanti: “I am a student presently in the Lutheran High School. My relocation

now will affect my schooling. What assistance will I get?”
Adama Kieta: “What if the person interviewed was not the principal occupant of the structure.
Will this affect any assistance that the principal occupant will receive?”
Joseph B. Juah: “My son was at home during the demographic survey. Will this affect my
situation?”
Oretha K. Borvah: “I have squatter right and half on my structure falls in the 150 feet range.
What will happen to the rest of the structure?
Lasanna Milton: “I am a student. What assistance will I receive for relocating?”
Christiana Togbe: “I am a civil servant earning low salary with a squatter right. What assistance
will I get?”
George Bowen: “What assistance will the Government give us to relocate?”
Felecia Roberts: “Will everyone who have structures marked be compensated?”
James Bennegar: “Will the Government actually need 150 feet for the next 2 lanes?”
Lydia Harris: “How much time will the Government give for us to relocate?”
Terrence Dokie: “Our offices are in the Project area. What assistance will we get to relocate?”
Kemah Boley: “I do not have money to relocate. What help can I get?”
Othello Tamba: “I thank the Government for the Project. I request tht we be given adequate
time to relocate before the road work starts.”
Sekou Donzo: “we commend the Government and want to see Liberia develop like other
countries. However, we will need some assistance to relocate.”
Gbonzo Siakor: “I am squatting on a structure that fall within the 150 feet. What will become of
me?”
Sedeke Kamara: “Will the Project consider both sides of the motor road?”
Sheik Kamara: “I thank Government for the communication. It is very important. When people
6-11
get information, they are happy. People should be helped to relocate.”
responded to the concerns of PAPs and stakeholders. They were informed that people will be
given adequate time to relocate and that some assistance will be given. They were also told that
if the person interviewed was not the principal occupant, as long as they gave the right
information, it will be considered. However, verification will be done later. They were informed
that every structure will be considered, but determined on different categories. They were also
informed that the Project proponent will keep the line of communication with PAPs.
The meeting ended at 1: 33 p.m. The full attendances at the meeting are presented in Appendix
2.
(6) Sixth Community Meeting
The sixth community meeting was held Saturday, December 19, 2009, at the Paynesville
Central Academy, along the Somalia Drive. Occupants of structures marked SD-A-1100 to
SD-A-1295, as well as interested stakeholders were requested to attend the said meeting.
Environmental Consultant was Michael V. Suah and Seymour Dweh. Officials from the
Ministry of Public Works were Elijah Karnley, Zoning Director, and Edsel E. Smith, Assistant
Minister for Technical Services.
Figure 6-8 Partial view of participants of the sixth Meeting
Speaking on behalf of the Ministry of Public Works, Mr. Edsel Smith stated that the
Government was presently undertaking developmental programs across the country and that an
expanded highway between the Freeport of Monrovia and the rest of the country was important
6-12
because goods will be brought to the port easily.
PAPs were asked to identify themselves before raising their concerns as follows:
Tito Juah: “We want to move. What assistance will we get to move our family?”
Stanley Tumoe: “I thank you for the explanation. Will the Government utilize the entire 150
feet?”
Andrew Flomo: “I am curious about the space that will be used for the expansion. If the 150 feet
is not used, who will maintain the remaining land?”
Jordan Gongar: “I am appealing that the Government utilize a lesser area. And how was the
structure valuated?”
Jerry Dukuly: “My property was previously destroyed and I did not get anything. I hope that the
Government is sincere about this exercise.”
Emmanuel Momo: “I want to know the time the Project will start.”
Eherhare Tahmer: “I have been told that the Government has land at Mt. Barclay. Will we be
given this land?”
Yvonne King: “I have squatter right from the Paynesville City Council. What compensation will
I get?”
Garmai Dorbor: “At the moment, representatives are coming from the Paynesville City Council
to collect squatter fees. Should we continue to pay the annual fee for the property?”
responded to the concerns of PAPs and stakeholders. They were informed that people will be
given adequate time to relocate and that some assistance will be given. They were informed that
the space now requested is 150 feet and all will be used. They were also told that the team was
not aware of any land in the Mt. Barclay area to be given for relocation. However, PAPs will be
informed in subsequent meetings. They were also informed that the MPW will communicate
with the City and Township Councils to abolish the squatter fees because the structures are set
to be removed for the road expansion to move on.
The meeting ended at 4:40 p.m. The full attendance at the meeting is presented in Appendix 2.
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CHAPTER 7
THE MESURADO WETLAND
7.1 INTRODUCTION
The Mesurado Wetland is a Coastal Wetland, with a size of approximately 68,000 acres. The
Wetland lies between latitudes 6o 19’ and 6o 16’ N and longitudes 10o 48’ and 10o 42’ W. It
has an average elevation of 7 to 10 meters above sea level.
This Wetland forms a portion of the Somalia Drive from the Freeport of Monrovia to Seventy –
Second Junction. The Wetland is important for many reasons. It provides habitat for migratory
birds; it also prevent or minimize flooding and siltation and also acts as filter, removing
contaminants that might other wise find their way into the water body that most people along
Somalia Drive Road used for domestic purposes.
Somalia Drive
Freeport
Ga
rdn
ers
vill
e
Mo
Mesurado Wetland
nro Red Light
via
ille
Paynesv
Figure 7-1 Mesurado Wetland near the Somalia Drive
The Wetland also provides the residents of Monrovia, particularly people living along the
Somalia Drive with recreational opportunities such as fishing, boating and swimming. This
Wetland provides economic opportunities as well as food security to the people of Somalia
Drive.
Liberia has about eight sizeable Wetlands. They are: Like Piso Wetland, the largest, with
acreage of about 76,000. This Lake Piso Wetland is a Costal Lacustrine; the Marshall Wetland
is an inland riverine near the City of Marshall in Margibi County; the Mesurado Wetland,
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which has a acreage of 68,000 also found near the Coast in Monrovia; Lake Sherpard Wetland
is found in Maryland County in the city of Harper is also a Coastal Wetland; Bafu Bay Wetland
is found in Sinoe, also a Coastal Wetland; the Cestos – Senkwhere Wetland is an inland riverine
found between Cestos City in River Cess and the Sehkwhein River in the West of Sinoe
County; the last two Wetlands are Gbedin and Kpatawee found in Nimba and Bong County
respectively.
7.2 HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
The pre-war conditions of Wetland did not experience an enormous amount of pressure as seen
during the crisis period. The Wetland in both the coastal and rural areas provided the basic
livelihood for inhabitants. The civil conflict had impact inland or rural wetlands and the coastal
or urban wetlands that experience mass influx of people due the conflict
Both the rural and urban coastal inhabitants depended on the wetland for energy supplies, food,
shelter, water, medicine and other ecological services. They preserve their fish by smoke drying
them with mangrove trees that are only found in wetlands.
Monrovia comprises a large portion of the Wetland. This area became the prime source of
livelihood. It provided construction materials for shelter, food, fuel wood and water for
irrigation of crops. These basic social services were over exploited due to the high population
density. Consequently the Wetland sustained great impacts in the area of ecological, social,
health and economic.
7.3 THE IMPACTS ON THE MESURADO WETLAND
Liberia contains coastal and inland wetlands which are under intensive threats due to
community livelihoods activities, land reclamations/refill for human habitation, agricultural
activities, infrastructure development and economic activities. Degradation of the Wetland may
affect the availability of ground and surface water in the long run. Generally, knowledge of the
ecological values and services of wetlands in the Country is inadequate, owing to weak
technical and human capacity, inadequate institutional framework, and inadequate assessment.
The Wetland and other wetlands in the Country are located at sites of eco-tourism interest, a
situation which could be explored and developed to contribute to the national poverty reduction
efforts now being implemented by the Liberia Government and her international partners.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency of Liberia (EPA, 2009), there exist five (5)
RAMSAR sites in Liberia; which includes the Marshall, Lake Piso, Kpatawee, Gbedin and the
Mesurado Wetlands.
The Government has plans to manage these sites which have received less awareness except for
Lake Piso which received significant level of awareness in the last eight years. Despite this,
major threats still exist. There is a need for national instruments and mechanisms to deal with
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threats to wetlands in Liberia.
Liberia as a Contracting Party to the Ramsar Convention on Wetland of International

Importance is under obligation to manage sustainably all wetlands of international significance.
The over all objective of the Convention is to prevent the net loss of wetlands. The Ramsar
Convention was created on February 2, 1971 in the City of Ramsar, Iran and it came into force
on December 21, 1975. It major outcome is the adoption of strategic plans to preserve wetlands.
7.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Liberia is a State of aquatic splendor, drained by six (6) major rivers and several tributaries with
temperature between 29 and 32 degrees Celsius and humidity about 80 percent. The topography
within the wetland areas varies from relatively flat with transition between coastal sandy soil
and sandy loam of lateritic soil to rough terrain with gentle rolling hills. There can be found
lakes, ponds, lagoons, rivers and creeks. Generally, the altitude of these sites varies between 0
to 322 meters above sea level.
The key characteristics of the ecosystem within these sites are mangrove forests, savannah
wood-land, and secondary forests vegetations and well developed hydrological systems.
The Wetland contains major flora and fauna species such as mangroves, parinaric, herons,
plover, flamingo, etc. Three (3) avifauna species of international significance are among the
main flora in the Liberian wetlands. They are Circus Macrourus, Falco Naumanni and Gallinago
(EPA, 2004).
7.4.1 Physical Features of the Mesurado Wetland
The Wetland is a flat plain with a polymorphous shape stretching eastwards of the City of
Monrovia. It has a natural hydrology. It has a variation in soil types ranging from sandy in the
west and clay further up east. Between these zones is a blend of sandy-clay. The depth of the
water varies from 1.5 meters at low tide to 4.5 meters at high tide. During low tides, parts of the
mangrove swamps become dry and are used as play grounds. The Wetland never gets dry
completely during the dry season. The water becomes shallow (1-1.5m) at some places during
the dry season and increases up to 3-3.5 meters during the rainy season.
The Wetland is a vast stretch of land comprising mangrove trees extending up to ten miles those
branches out in several directions in the City of Monrovia.
However, the Mesurado River which consists of the Wetland is grossly polluted; although there
is few data to show the pollution and one scientific evaluation was held in 2009 by EPA
including parameter such as pH, Nitrate, Nitrite and Total Dissolved Solids those revealed that
water quality of the populated area along the Mesurado River. The result shows that the River is
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moving toward acidity.
Table 7-1 Mesurado River water analysis

Global Positioning Acidity/
Conductivity Temperature TDS Nitrate Nitrite
System(GPS) Reading Alkalinity
Easting Northing PH mS/cm °C mg/L mg/L Mg/L
300221 699497 5.13 5.34 28 3471 0.143 0.162
300643 698678 4.30 7.32 28 4758 0.167 0.098
301226 698075 6.90 2.45 26.5 1592 0.094 0.034
301480 697414 6.89 3.64 26.5 2366 0.156 0.024
301188 698278 7.12 2.98 26.8 1937 0.143 0.030
Figure 7-2 Map shows the points where water tasted
7.5 WETLAND RESOURCES
The aquatic flora and fauna of the Mesurado wetland are well represented by numerous plants
and animal communities. The flora consists of phytoplankton and macrophysics, while the
fauna consists of zooplanktons, macrobenthos and invertebrates/vertebrates. The Ministry of
Agriculture (Bureau of Fisheries 2008) recorded 87 fresh water phytoplankton and
cyanophyceae. Predominant families include: Bacillarophyceae, Chlorophyceae and
Cyanophyceae. The phytoplankton assemblage in the Mesurado Wetland brackish waters varies
with season. Densities and diversities are higher in the dry Season; dominant groups include
diatoms, green and blue algae. The most common species of diatoms are conscinodisus spp and
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plearosigma spp. The major Zoo plankton groups recorded in the Mesurado wetland include
copepods, calanoids, amphipods, bivalve larve and ostracods.
Dense macrophysics communities’ occurred in many of the water bodies in the Wetlands
especially non – flowing waters. In flowing waters, submerged and free floating forms are
restricted to back waters. The submerged portion of aquatic macrophytes supports a large
variety of insects and worm species. Principal macrophtes in the fresh water zones of the
Mesurado Wetlands include water lettuce (pistia sp.), the homwort ceratophyllum Spp., bladder
wort-ultriculana Spp. Water hyacinth – Eichnomia Crassipes and Azolla Africana. Typical
rooted aquatics include Nymphaea lotus and Vassia Cuspidote.
The benthic macro fauna in the Wetland consists of important groups such as oysters,
peri-weckles, brachiostoma, bloody cockie (Senila Spp), Molluses, Crustaceans and
polychaetes.
7.6 MANGROVE FORESTS RESOURCES
Liberia has a small mangrove forest in Africa. It covers an area of about 1,279 Sq. km forming a
vegetation band of 500 km running parallel to the coastline (D. Wiles, etc. all. 2006).
The Wetland comprised predominately of mangrove forests. The Liberian mangrove resource is
dominated by the red mangroves (Rhizophoraceae), associated with the white mangroves
(Avicennbaceae).
The red mangrove trees (Rhizophora racemosa is the most common species¸ covering over 80%
of the Mesurado wetlands and can grow to a height of 50 meters under favorable conditions. It
is the pioneer species, and is followed by R. harrisonii and R. mangle as the wetland gets dry
and salinity decreases. The mangrove forest is a source of woods and due to its high thermal
capacity; it is widely used as fuel woods for fish drying, charcoal production and construction
purposes.
The red mangrove Rhizophora recemosa is the most exploited species and is used for fire wood,
poles and timbers. The numerous roots as well as trumsal are used locally for medicine purposes.
The bark of the tree provides a cheap source of tannin for dyeing cloth and leather. The
mangroves provide breeding and nursery grounds for many commercially important species of
fish and shell fish. The tilt roots of the mangroves and mud surface in the wetlands usually
support a variety of fauna of oysters; crabs and other invertebrates.
7.7 WILDLIFE
Very little information is available on the wildlife distribution in the Wetland or any wetland in
Liberia. The State of the Environment Report (EPA, 2005) provided some useful data on the
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wildlife in the Wetland. Field observation made by the GCLME Project in Liberia (GCLME,
EPA, 2007) suggests that, with the exception of birds, mostly migrating birds, there is little
conspicuous wildlife in the Wetland. A considerable percentage of the animal population is
hunted for food by inhabitants of the Wetlands.
Some of the ecological zone of the Wetland that is inaccessible by human, supports a distinct
wildlife assemblage. The Mangrove forest wildlife assemblage include manitees, pigmy
hippopotamus, Crocodiles, Monkeys, black pigs, dwaft antelope, pythons (large snakes) and
other reptiles.
7.8 FISHERIES RESOURCES
No comprehensive study has been carried out to assess the fisheries resources of the Wetland.
7.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
7.9.1 Ecological
The inhabitants along the Wetland harvest the mangrove forest as means of acquiring energy for
cooking. They also carried out landfill to reclaim land for habitation and business purposes. The
Wetland became the major dumpsites for City garbage disposal. Inhabitants of the wetland and
individual homes closed to the wetland empty their sewage in it.
7.9.2 Social
The Wetland is the ultimate disposal site for various wastes materials which contain a large
proportion of metals. This makes the Wetland unsafe for swimming. Fisher folks along the
Wetland are experiencing a decline in catch due to over-exploitation and pollution.
Figure 7-3 Dumped metals in the Mesurado Wetland.
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7.9.3 Health
The movement of people in the Wetland after the civil war poses serious health risks. The
Wetland is a site for human waste disposal. Agriculture activities being carried out by
inhabitants of the wetland and individuals residing around the wetland are creating health risks
as a result of the heavy fertilizer applied to their crops. People used dynamite and poisons to kill
fish. Latrines are built on the Wetland which also pose serious health risks.
7.9.4 Economic
The destruction to wetland habitat by the various adverse actions has great economic
implications. The over –harvesting of the mangrove forest and land –filling are all factors to
affect the biodiversity population in the Wetland. These actions are capable of reducing
biodiversity species thereby making livelihood much difficult for the Wetland inhabitants.
There are no research facilities at the Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture to study the
dynamics of the ecological factors affecting the fisheries environment, the productivity of the
ecosystem, pollution levels and nutrients load, species diversity of the various fish communities
and there is wide spread use of illegal fishing methods and gears.
7.10 CONSTRAINTS
(1) Institutional Constraints
The Bureau of Fisheries receives no budgetary allotment from Government for the development
of wetland fishing sector. The EPA is ill-equipped in terms of logistics, qualified man-power
and infrastructure to do monitoring and implement laws and regulations.
(2) Environmental Constraints
The levels of various pollutants and heavy metals dumped in the Wetland and other wetlands
around the Country are not monitor as there are many residential and industrial activities along
and within the wetlands
The discharge of sewage and other domestic wastes into the Wetland causes serious pollution
without check.
However, due to human encroachment on the Wetland, it has been extensively exploited by the
growing human populations that live in and around the Wetland in Monrovia. The fisheries
resources of the Wetland are being over-exploited.
The fish resources that can be found in abundant in the Wetland are Tallipia, Sardinelly aurita,
pseudolotus senegalensis, pomadasy jubelini, Lutjanus Sp. Carank ippo and Catfish. Most
common fisheries resources are shrimps, peri weckley mollusks, oysters and Crabs.
7-7
The Fisheries Sector of Liberia is faced with lots of constraints that have retarded its
development. These hurdles range from biological to manpower development.
(3) Biological Constraints
There has been no stock assessment survey conducted in the Wetland or any wetlands in Liberia
to determine the species of flora and fauna.
(4) Boundary constraints
The defining boundary of the Wetland is not cleared. The EPA has not carried out a mapping
survey to identify an extent of the Wetland. To exacerbate the situation, the Wetland that should
be protected by national and international laws and agreement (Ramsar Convention) has
encroached upon by illegal inhabitants on Peace Island since 2003 with impunity
7.11 NATIONAL EFFORTS TO ADDRESS WETLAND PROBLEMS
The major step taken by Government to begin addressing problems of wetland degradation was
the accession and ratification process on the Ramsar Convention on wetlands. As the result of
this accession and ratification process on November 2, 2003, the EPA received two separate
grants from the Ramsar Bureau in January 2005. The two grants were of the Rasmar Small
Grant Fund (SGF) and the Swiss Grant for Africa (SGA). Each of these grants, that were made
available in the amount of CHF 16,500, helped the EPA to conduct a post –conflict Wetland
Assessment. The outcome of this assessment include, the establishment of a National Wetland
Committee (NWC), drafting of a National Wetland Policy Outline, designation of four wetland
areas as Rasmar site and the maps of the four sites. Is following the setting up of the National
Wetland committee, a subcommittee was set up to develop the policy outline that included
national strategies for addressing the problems.
Furthermore, the EPA received another Ramsar Small Grant Fund in the amount of 44,692 CHF
in October 2009 to develop the training, management plans and a legislative framework for
Liberian wetlands
The preservation management measure on each Ramsar Wetland is under preparation at this
moment.
7.12 RECOMMENDATION FOR STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR CLEAN UP AND

REMEDIATION
The first priority action by the NWC is to seek relevant legislations for the legislative enactment
of the proposed policy. The policy after enactment becomes the tool for addressing the issues of
wetland problems in Liberia. The committee can be then lobby for other laws that may be
needed for critical situations.
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The second priority action will be establishing full management authority over all Rasmar sites.
In order to do this, several projects will be designed for each site that will involve the local
authorities and expertise. This will require high level assistance from donors.
The third priority action will seek to integrate wetland issues in the national planning process
that will ensure the protection of wetland by all sectors. This means mainstreaming wetland
issues.
The fourth action of priority will seek a national mobilization process through a national
awareness program that aims at behavioral change towards wetlands. This will target wetland
communities and policy makers.
The fifth priority action will seek international cooperation with neighbors of shared water
resources. The cooperation will focus on joint projects around management authority and
communication strategies.
The sixth priority action is the issues concerning the boundary definitions of Rasmar sites and
compensation of wetland habitats.
Since it has been observed that boundary of the Mesurado Wetland has to be well defined,
therefore EPA is recommended to define the actual preservation area in accordance with the
Resolution VII.23: Issues concerning the boundary definition of Ramsar sites and compensation
of wetland sites;
Article 1 of Resolution: AWARE that Article 2.1 of the Convention obliges Contracting Parties
to describe precisely and delimit on a map the boundaries of the wetlands designated for
inclusion in the List of Wetlands of International Importance and RECALLING Resolution 5.3
which recognized that some wetlands were designated for the List before any criteria or
information recording system had been developed under the Convention.
Article 4 of Resolution: NOTHING that at present there is no guidance provided by the

Convention to assist Contracting Parties considering the deletion or restriction of the
boundaries of a Rasmar site to establish a true and internationally acceptable case of urgent
national interest, and therefore how to meet their obligations under Article 4.2 in terms of
listing suitable compensatory habitat.
Article 8 of Resolution: RECOGNIZES that there are situations, other than the urgent national
interest provision of Article 2.5 of the Convention text, where Ramsar site boundary may
warrant further definition, for example, where boundaries were erroneously or inaccurately
defined at the time of listing.
7-9
7.13 REFERENCE
(1) Report on: The Impacts of the Liberian Civil Crisis on Wetland (EPA, 2009)
(2) Resolution VII. 23: Issues concerning the boundary definition of Ramsar Sites and
Compensation of Wetland of Wetlands inhabitant
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CHAPTER 8
FRAME OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.1 BACKGROUND OF THE ANTICIPATED EMP
The impact of conflict on Liberia’s human and urban environments cannot be overstated.
During 14 years of war, one in three Liberians has been displaced. More than half a million
remain in temporary housing or camps, major economic activities are limited to shipping,
rubber plantations, timber production, and mining. The Liberian economy has collapsed and
unemployment is now estimated to be 80% percent.
During the years of conflict, Liberia’s infrastructure was almost completely destroyed by the
war and looting, leading to collapse in many areas. Key services such as road transport, energy
production and distribution, provision of safe drinking water and waste management ceased
being rendered.
The construction of the Somalia Drive road will enhance basic economic activities and social
services in Monrovia and its environs. This requires the Government of Liberia to prepare and
implement an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), to prevent, minimize or mitigate site
specific environmental impacts
The Environmental Management Plan framework is one of the several required field surveys to
be undertaken prior to commencement of works on construction or rehabilitation of new roads
that linked the Central Business District, Bushrod Island, and other sub-urban areas of Monrovia.
The Project is being undertaken by the Government of Liberia through the Ministry of Public
Works. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared in fulfillment of requirements
of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of Liberia. Potential impacts on air, water, soil,
aquatic life, landscape, as well as vegetation and corresponding mitigation measures are
considered, in addition to socio-economic impacts of the Project and the appropriate plan for
people that will be affected by the Project.
This document provides an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed works on
the reconstruction of the Somalia Drive Road Project to be undertaken by the Government of
Liberia through the Ministry of Public Works.
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the reconstruction of the Somalia Drive will
define roles, responsibilities and procedures in the preparation of an Environmental
Management Plan Framework (EMPF) for the reconstruction of the Somalia Drive Road.
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8.1.1 Background of the Project Area
The Somalia Drive Road is located in the northern part of the Mesurado Wetland had 4 (four)
lane carriage ways originally. However, only 2 (two) lanes were rehabilitated by the
Government of Liberia through the World Bank Grant in 2008. The land use along the Somalia
Drive Road is mainly for commercial purposes including street markets, petty trading, vegetable
and food stalls and garages. The Somalia Drive Road is exclusively urban in nature, but is
dominated to a greater degree by small commercial practices and market stalls. The vicinity
consists of many narrow community alleys which connect directly to the Somalia Drive, and
suffered from traffic congestion by vehicles from the alleys. Daily traffic volume is about 24,
500 P C U per day at the eastern section of Somalia Drive according to a survey conducted in
2009 (JICA 2009). It is estimated that the volume of traffic in 2014 will become over 150% of
the road capacity at all stretches and traffic condition will become more serious. The traffic
congestion also causes service economic losses; therefore the upgrade of the Somalia Drive
Road capacity to secure the smooth traffic flow is urgent and necessary.
The Government of Liberia made request for Japan’s Grant Aid in August 2009 for the
development of the road sector in Liberia. This project is classified as “Category A” because of
the likely significant adverse impacts due to the large scale involuntary resettlement that will be
expected.
8.1.2 Project Description
This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared in compliance with the
environmental policies and laws of the Government of Liberia. The EMP identifies mitigation,
monitoring and institutional measures to be taken for avoiding or minimizing adverse
environmental impacts during project design, implementation and operation, and specifies
activities needed to implement such measures more specifically; this EMP is organized to cover
the following issues:
 Executive Summary: Brief discussion of significant financing and recommended actions

 Project Description: Brief description of the scope of the Project, geographical areas of
coverage and proposed implementation arrangements.
 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework: Summary description of applicable
national and international agreements, policies, Laws, regulations, standards and
guidelines relevant to the proposed Project activities, and information on the responsible
institutions and their roles.
 Existing Condition: provides a description of the physical, biological and socioeconomic
environment within the proposed Project area. The description is based on the reviews of
available documentation, field surveys and investigations.
 Potential Environmental Impacts: Summary description of potential direct and indirect
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environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures.
 Environmental Management Plan: The EMP outlines the appropriate preventive actions
and mitigation measures for addressing the potential adverse environmental and social
impacts identified for the Project activities. A monitoring plan, with monitoring
indicators and assigned responsibilities to key stakeholders is given.
Widening the Somalia Drive would also encourage the use of the international road transport
corridors from the Freeport of Monrovia to neighboring Guinea and C’ Ote d’ Ivoire through
Ganta and Loguato respectively. The activities would in turn generally bring hefty financial
returns, increased economic growth and improve access for our citizenry.
8.1.3 Objective of the EMP
The primary objective of the EMP is to identify possible adverse environmental and social
impact associated with the Project and proposes mitigating measures to prevent, minimize, or
remedy such problems in order to ensure environmental sustainability. The specific objectives
include:
 To describe and assess the existing environment likely to be impacted;

 To identify and assess the types and magnitude of the potential impacts;
 To prepare plans for managing impacts so that they are kept within acceptable levels; and
 To identify adverse, social impacts.
The EMP will also serve the purposes specified below:
A) To provide a standalone document for project implementation that engenders appraisal of

the Project and to provide a single source of environmental information for contractors,
inspectors and other associated with the Project during design, construction and operations;
B) To identify Institutional Roles and Responsibilities of relevant institutions involved in

environmental management during project implementation; and
C) To Summarized Environmental Monitoring Plan during design, construction and operation

phases:
 The EMP will identify requirement related to the environmental monitoring program.
 Environmental monitoring will be carried out during both the construction and operation
phases to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures, to respond to unanticipated
environmental concerns at an early stage, and to determine the accuracy of impact
predictions.
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8.1.4 Objectives of the Project
 To improve the road link between the Freeport of Monrovia and Red Light in Paynesville
 To reduce chronic traffic congestion and associated vehicular emissions.
 To enhance trade and commerce
 To ensure safety (through the widening of the Somalia Drive
8.1.5 Major Civil Works
Construction works involving filling, excavation, concrete casting, as well as pavement
8.1.6 Applicable Environmental Quality Standards
The Water Quality Standards for Liberia are presented in Table 8-1 below. However, there are
not yet approved national environmental quality standards for air, noise and other media.
Consequently international applicable standards or suitable standards from the West African
Region will be used/adopted for environmental management in connection with this project.
The following guidelines on Air Quality ((Table 8-2) and Noise level (Table 8-3) are presented
for consideration.
Table 8-1 Liberia water quality standards: for coastal waters marine
S. Parameter Standards Rationale/Remarks
N0.
Ph range 6.5-8.5 General broad range, conducive for propagation
1. of aquatic lives, is given. Value largely
dependant upon soil, water nteraction.
Dissolved Oxygen 50 mg/1 or 50 No less than 3.5 mg/1 at any time of the year for
percent saturation protection of aquatic lives
2
value, which ever is
higher
Color Odor No noticeable color Specially caused by chemical compounds like
or offensive odor. creosols, phenols, naptha, pyridine, benzene,
3
toluene etc. causing visible coloration of salt
crystal and tainting of fish flesh.
Floating Matters Nothing obnoxious Surfactants should not exceed an upper limit of
4 or detrimental for 1.0 mg/1 and the concentration not to cause any
use purpose. visible foam.
Suspended Solids None from sewage Settle able inert matters not in such
5 or industrial waste concentration that would impair any usages
origin specially assigned to this class.
Oil and Grease 0.1 mg/1 Concentration should not exceed 0.1 mg/1 as
6 (including because it has effect on fish egs and larvae.
Petroleum Products)
Heavy Metals: 0.01 mg/1 Values depend on
Mercury (as Hg) 0.01 mg/1 (i) Concentration in salt, fish and shell fish.
7 Lead (as Pb) 0.01 mg/1 (ii) Average per capita consumption per day.
Cadmium (as Cd) (iii) Minimum ingestion rate that induces
symptoms of resulting diseases
8-4
Table 8-2 Ambient air quality standards (tentative)
Concentration in ambient air
Time-weighted
Pollutants Industrial Residential, Rural Sensitive
average
Areas & other Areas Areas
Sulphur Dioxide Annual 80 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 15 µg/m3 - Improved West
(SO2) Average* and Geake Method
- Ultraviolet
Fluorescence
24 hours** 120 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 30 µg/m3
Oxides of Annual 80 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 15 µg/m3 - Jacob &
Nitrogen as Average* Hochheiser
(NO2) of Modified
(Na-Arsenite)
Method
24 hours** 120 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 30 µg/m3 -Gas Phase
Chem-iluminescen
ce
Suspended Annual 360 µg/m3 140 µg/m3 70 µg/m3 - High Volume
Particulate Average* Sampling,
Matter (SPM) (Average flow rate
not less than
1.1 m3/minute).
24 hours** 500 µg/m3 200 µg/m3 100 µg/m3
Reparable Annual 120 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 50 µg/m3 - Respirable
Particulate Average* particulate matter
Matter (RPM) sampler
(size less than 10 24 hours** 150 µg/m3 100 µg/m3 75 µg/m3
microns)
Lead (Pb) Annual 1.0 µg/m3 0.75 µg/m3 0.50 µg/m3 - ASS Method after
Average* sampling using
EPM 2000 or
equivalent Filter
paper
24 hours** 1.5 µg/m3 1.00 µg/m3 0.75 µg/m3 .
Ammonia1 Annual 0.1 mg/ m3 0.1 mg/ m3 0.1 mg/m3
Average*
24 hours** 0.4 mg/ m3 0.4 mg/m3 0.4 mg/m3
CarbonMonoxide 8 hours** 5.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 1.0 mg/ m3 - Non Dispersive
(CO) Infra Red (NDIR)
1 hour 10.0 mg/m3 4.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 Spectroscopy
Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week
*
24 hourly at uniform interval.
24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of
**
the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
8-5
Table 8-3 Ambient noise level standards (Ghana Standards)
Zone Description of Areas of Noise Reception Permissible Noise Level in DB(A)
DAY NIGHT
0600 – 2200 2200 – 0600
Residential areas with low or infrequent
A 55 48
transportation
Educational (school) and health (hospital,
B1 55 50
clinic) facilities
Areas with some commercial or light
B2 60 55
industry
Areas with some light industry, places of
C1 entertainment or public assembly, and 65 60
places of worship located in this zone.
C2 Predominantly commercial areas 75 65
D Light industrial commercial areas 70 60
E Predominantly heavy industrial areas 70 70
Note 1: Schedule 4 is for the calculation of (noise level) from its duration of The potential annoyance level where any
noise present and measured is intermittent and not measured by statistical method.
Note 2: These duration adjustments are not applicable when noise being assessed includes discrete noise impulses
or consists of repetitive noise with an impulsive character e.g. hammering or riveting.
Note 3: Ambient noise level standards in dB(A) refer to rating level Lr.
8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.2.1 Air Quality
Air Quality of the proposed Project site is very poor due to improper waste management
practices. Both the Stockton Creek and the Warner River and its banks are used for disposal of
human and household wastes. There are also many disposal sites located on the Somalia Drive
Road where garbage usually remains many days before its eventual collection. Also the sewage
system along the Somalia Drive is in disrepair and this causes a flow of human wastes (leaking
from damaged pipes) into the road; consequently the air is usually stinking. Dust particles from
damaged pavement of the road are also sources of air pollution. Currently, however, Liberia has
no air quality standards and there are no data on the air quality of the proposed Project area.
8.2.2 Soil
The soil is basically sandy clay. However, the Somalia Drive road shoulders are overloading
with solid wastes, particularly plastic materials. On the other hand, the Red Light section of the
Somalia Drive is littered with scraps vehicles. The erosion has undermined the pavement on the
Somalia Drive, causing some sections of the potential road pavement to fall,
8.2.3 Water Quality
The Stockton Creek and the Warner River on the Somalia Drive are highly polluted as a result
8-6
of disposal of raw sewage and garbage into these water bodies. Results of the water samples
analysis are presented in Table 8-4 below.
Table 8-4
Water quality of Project area
Stockton
Parameter Unit Warner Creek
Creek
pH pH 6.8 6.5
Conductivity S/m 2.9 2.4
0
Temperature C 29.4 29.0
Odor musty musty
Color brownish brownish
Chemical Oxygen Demand ppm 24 24
Dissolved Oxygen ppm 8.5 8.7
Total Suspended Solids ppm 29 24
8.2.4 Flora:
There is few species of mangrove trees comprising the Mesurado Wetland along the Somalia
Drive. Some other trees and grasses are found along the route of the Somalia Drive.
8.2.5 Aquatic Life:
Despite the high level of pollution of the Stockton Creek and Warner River, they contain
many fresh water fish, which include Tilapia, Catfish, Groupers, Snappers, Crustaceans, etc.
The concentration of pollutions in the fish has not been determined.
8.3 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Given the relatively limited nature of the rehabilitation works and the location of the old bridge
in areas heavily disturbed by human activities, the impacts resulting from this proposed works
are likely to be small-scale, localized, and limited to the reconstruction phase.
8-7
Table 8-5 indicates in the form of matrix, the potentially affected components.
8-8
Table 8-5 Anticipated adverse impact by proposed Project
Assessment in EIA
Scoping
Stage
Stage Stage Stage
1 Involuntary resettlement A A B B * Relocation of PAPs
Local economy such as * Loss of jobs of
2 employment and B B B B PAPs;
live-hood * Loss of livelihood
Social environment
3 B D D D will be used for the
of local resources
Project
infrastructure is
area.
Existing social *Destruction &
5 infrastructures and B B B D demolition of
services infrastructure
*There are many poor
* No minority
6 B B B B population was
ethnic people
observed in the
Project area
Misdistribution of benefit * No misdistribution
7 and damage B D D D of benefit and
damage is considered
* No heritage site,
8 Sanctuary B D D D sanctuary was
observed in the
Project area.
Local conflict of interest * There exist no local
9 B D D D
* The will be no use of
Water usage
10 B D D D water from project
area
* Occupation hazard
Public Hygiene associated with
11 B B B B
construction
activities
Infectious diseases such *The surveys did not
12 B C B B
as HIV/AIDS etc. fully consider these
Very minor change to
topography
14 Soil Erosion B D B D fuel/chemicals;
15 Groundwater B B B B
fuel/chemicals
Hydrology fuel/chemicals;
16 B B B D
* Pulling of concrete
into waterway
17 Seastrand B D D D located along the
seashore.
8-9
Assessment in EIA
Scoping
Stage
Stage Stage Stage
* Minimal clearing of
vegetation
Little or no impact to
19 Climate B D D D
the climate
* The landscape is
change expected.
* Little or no impact is
expected
* Emission of gases
and particulates from
vehicle movement
and site clearing
fuel/chemicals
* Solid or hazardous
Pollution
24 Waste B B B B waste from

construction
* Increased noise
emissions from road
traffic and heavy
equipment
* Accident associated
26 Accidents B B B B with construction
activities
8.4 THE IMPACTS ARE BRIEFLY DISCUSSED BELOW:
8.4.1 Air
The demolition exercise during construction phase of the Somalia Drive may generate dust
particles that will contribute to air pollution. Other sources of particulate matter are industries,
construction activities, as well as vehicular emission. Regular air quality monitoring will be
required to track sources of pollutants and reduce air pollution.
During the operation phase of the road (after construction), the new Somalia Drive Road will
positively affect air quality as traffic flow will be greatly enhanced and thus vehicular emission
of C02 greatly reduced.
8.4.2 Water
Although the Stockton Creek and Warner River over which the road will be constructed are
highly polluted, the demolition and construction exercises could exacerbate the turbidity by
accidental disposal of solid matter into the water bodies.
Flooding is an impact that needs to be considered also. Hydrological studies carried out in
8-10
connection with this project predict a flood level rise which could adversely affect the underside
of the bridges over the Stockton Creek and the Warner River, given the current design.
Additionally, the expected rise in flood water may inundate buildings adjacent to the road.
8.4.3 Noise
Noise will be generated from demolition and construction activities. During operation phase the
main source of noise will be from the traffic. However, since sensitive receptors such as schools
and hospitals are close, the acoustic impact will be in an unacceptable range.
8.4.4 Soil Erosion
Some disturbance of soils on the road may result from the use of equipment to remove scraps of
old vehicles along the road. This may render the soil prone to further erosion.
8.4.5 Accident Hazard
During demolition and construction, workers, pedestrians and motorists will be at increased risk
of accidents that may be caused by excavations, openings in the road pavement, movements of
construction vehicles, operations of cranes including falling material, injury to eyes from dust,
flying fragments, etc.
8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES
Necessary measures to mitigate potential impacts associated with the design, construction, and
operation phases are summarized below.
8.5.1 Design Phase
8.5.1.1 Protective Material
 Hydrological studies carried out on the Stockton Creek and Warner River revealed that its
conductivity and pH levels are high and therefore the river water is aggressive to other
substances.
8.5.1.2 Water Pollution
 The surface runoff from the Project construction of the Somalia Drive will be drained into
storm drains. .
8.5.1.3 Soil Erosion
 Retaining wall will be built on the shoulders of the road to prevent erosion from surface
runoff.
8-11
8.5.2 Construction Phase
8.5.2.1 Air Quality
 Dust will be generated in the course of road construction work. Therefore demolition sites
within 30 meters from sensitive receptors will be separated with tarpaulin or similar sheet
to control the dust. Water spray will also be carried out intermittently to control dust from
construction.
 Vehicles transporting construction materials (e.g. cement, earth, and stone) will be
covered with tarpaulin.
 Roads under construction where dust is generated will be watered twice daily.
8.5.2.2 Noise Reduction
 Machinery with low noise and/or sound absorption materials will be used as much as
possible; for example, on-site generator with muffler or silencer. If necessary, working
hours should be such that noise is reduced during the nighttime hours.
8.5.2.3 Water Quality
 Removal of old overlay from the road should be done with due diligence to avoid
excessive debris falling into the Project site.
 At construction sites where public toilets are not available, temporary toilets and facility
for sewage collection will be put in place and the waste be hauled to wastewater
treatment plant by the Liberia Water and Sewer Cooperation
 Clearance and restoration of the site for temporary facility will be carried out once the
construction is finished.
8.5.2.4 Disposal of Debris from Construction
 Debris from construction will to be hauled in covered trucks and disposed of on sites
(away from sensitive receptors) approved by the Environmental Protection Agency. The
disposal sites identification and selection will be done in consultation with the EPA.
8.5.2.5 Accident Prevention.
 The construction area will be well marked with lights and signs to warn motorists and
pedestrians away from danger areas.
 Barriers will be erected and guards will be posted to prevent civilians from entering the
construction area, falling through openings in road, etc.
 Construction workers will be required to wear safety helmets, safety shoes, and eye
protection.
 Flagmen will be on hand during operations involving trucks and heavy equipment
8-12
moving into or out of the construction area, to prevent traffic jams and accidents.
8.5.3 Operation Phase
8.5.3.1 Air Quality
 Responsible authorities (EPA and line Ministries and Agencies) need to develop national
air quality standards and enforce the necessary law.
 Air quality monitoring equipment need to be set up (by EPA) in strategic commercial,
industrial and residential sites.
 The use of Tail-Gas purifier on vehicles is enforced (by the EPA and the Liberia National
Police) as means to reduce emission of pollutants.
 The use of public transport will be encouraged for higher efficiency of passengers.
8.5.3.2 Noise Reduction
 Standards for noise in various acoustic environments be developed and monitored by

responsible authorities of the EPA.
 The pavement will be maintained regularly.
 Vehicle with noise exceeding the standard will be requested to be repaired or use efficient
silencer.
8.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
Environmental monitoring will be undertaken during both the construction and the operation
phases to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures, to determine the accuracy of impact
prediction, and to respond to unanticipated environmental concerns at an early stage in order to
adopt appropriate remedial measures. The monitoring will be carried out by the environmental
Protection Agency (EPA).
The purposes of the environmental monitoring plan are to:
 Evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures;

 Respond in a timely manner to unanticipated environmental impact when the Project is
under construction; and
 Provide supporting information for formulating regulations and improving traffic
management and environmental controls, based on monitoring data.
8.6.1 Construction Phase
The monitoring plan during construction phase consists of three components (i) daily
inspections of site conditions, twice daily by the contractor, once daily by the owner’s engineer;
(ii) Compliance monitoring and (iii) environmental inspection which will be carried out by the
8-13
EPA.
8.6.1.1 Compliance Monitoring
The monitoring will be carried out by the EPA to ensure regulatory compliance with standards
with respect to air quality and noise levels. Turbidity will also be monitored in respect of water
quality. Monitoring will be carried out at the Project site when construction activities are in
progress.
8.6.1.2 Sampling Frequency and Duration
The construction process is divided into two stages, with stage one including excavation,
grading and pile driving whilst stage two involves concrete mixing, structural erection, and
paving. Each monitoring session will consist of three sampling events, which will be taken at
the early, middle and late periods of each stage respectively. Hence during the construction
phase EPA inspectors will conduct sampling as follow.
Table 8-6 Sampling frequencies of water & air qualities

Kind of construction Stages
work Early stage Middle stage Late stage
Excavation Water& air Water& air Water& air
Piles driving Water Water Water
Concrete Mixing Water Water Water
Erection of structures Water Water Water
8.6.1.3 Environmental Inspection
Environmental inspection will be carried out by the EPA on the Project activities in accordance
with the law. Noise monitoring will be carried out using hand- held meters at least 2 times a day
in a week.
8.6.2 Operation Phase
Owing to the importance of their impact when the Somalia Drive Road is operational, only
noise and air qualities will be monitored during the operation phase. Traffic noise and impact of
motor vehicle emission on sensitive receptors will be monitored at the road by EPA inspectors
once a weekly as a routine environmental inspection.
8.6.2.1 Summary of Mitigation Measures
This section summarizes the mitigation measures designed and described in the EMP. The
measures are divided into those for the design, construction and operation phases. The summary
is presented in Tables 8-7, 8-8 and 8-9. It includes brief description of mitigation measures and,
responsible party for their implementation.
8-14
Table 8-7 Mitigation measures during designs phase
Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Responsibility
Corrosion of Hydrological studies carried out on the Stockton Creek Warner River Consultant
construction materials revealed that its conductivity and pH levels are high and therefore the
rivers water is aggressive to other substances. Metallic materials should
therefore not be used in order to protect the structure of the new bridge.
The use of resistant rock aggregates is recommended
Flooding The new bridges on the Stockton Creek and Warner River must be Consultant
elevated at least 0.5 meter above the level of the existing bridges for
flooding considerations
Noise Construction material for road surface structure with effective sound Consultant
absorption should be used to reduce traffic noise.
Water pollution The surface runoff from the Project construction of the road will be Consultant
drained into storm drains
Landscape and ecology Retaining wall will be built on the shoulder of the road to prevent Consultant
erosion from surface runoff
Table 8-8 Mitigation measures during construction phase

Air quality Dust will be generated in the course of construction work on the road. Contractors
Therefore construction sites within 30 meters from sensitive receptors will
be separated with tarpaulin or similar sheet to control the dust. Water spray
will also be carried out intermittently to control dust from demolition.
Vehicles transporting construction materials (e.g. cement, earth, and stone)
will be covered with tarpaulin.
Roads under construction where dust is generated will be watered twice
daily
Noise reduction Machinery with low noise and/or sound absorption materials will be used
as much as possible; for example, on-site generator with muffler or
silencer. If necessary, working hours should be such that noise is reduced
during the nighttime hours
Disposal of debris Debris from construction work will to be hauled in covered trucks and Contractors
from demolition disposed of on sites (away from sensitive receptors) approved by the
Environmental Protection Agency. The disposal sites identification and
selection will be done in consultation with the EPA.
Water quality Removal of old overlay from the road should be done with due Contractors
diligence to avoid excessive debris falling into the street.
At construction sites where public toilets are not available, temporary
toilets and facility for sewage collection will be put in place and the waste
be hauled to wastewater treatment plant by the Liberia Water and Sewer
Cooperation
Clearance and restoration of the site for temporary facility will be carried
out once the construction is finished
Subsidence & Grass will be grown on the shoulders of the road or retaining wall be Contractors
Soil erosion built on them, to reduce the effect of erosion due to surface runoff
Accident Prevention. The construction area will be well marked with lights and signs to warn Contractors
motorists and pedestrians away from danger areas.
Barriers will be erected and guards will be posted to prevent civilians from
entering the construction area, falling through openings in the road, etc.
Construction workers will be required to wear safety helmets, safety shoes,
and eye protection.
Flagmen will be on hand during operations involving trucks and heavy
equipment moving into or out of the construction area, to prevent traffic
jams and accidents.
The construction area will be well marked with lights and signs to warn
motorists and pedestrians away from danger areas.
8-15
Environmental Guideline for Contractors as a tool to enhance the mitigation measures during the
construction stage is attached in Appendix 4.
Table 8-9 Mitigation measures during operation phase

Air quality The use of Tail-Gas purifier on vehicles be enforced as means to reduce EPA
emission of pollutants Liberia National
Police
The use of public transport be encouraged for higher efficiency of Ministry of
passengers Transport
Noise The pavement be maintained regularly Ministry of
Public Work
Vehicle with noise exceeding the standard will be requested to be EPA
repaired or use efficient silencer Liberia National
Police
8.7 COST ESTIMATES FOR MITIGATION AND MONITORING
The cost estimates for mitigation measures and monitoring during construction and operation
phases are provided below.
8.7.1 Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase
8.7.1.1 Air and Noise
Mitigation measures for air and noise during construction phase will be included in the
Contractor’s cost.
8.7.1.2 Water Quality
Ten temporary toilet facilities (mobile units) will be built for construction workers will be
included in the Contractor’s cost.
8.7.1.3 Soil Erosion Control.
Protection of the embankment slope from subsidence is covered in the Contractor’s cost. Grass
will be planted on the slope of the embankment.
8.7.1.4 Accident Prevention.
Costs of accident prevention awareness measures including the use of safety gears, guard posts
with security, flags to alert pedestrians and motorists of danger, etc. will be inclusive in the
Contractor’s fee.
8-16
8.7.2 Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase
Mitigation measures to ensure air quality and reduce noise levels to acceptable standards will be
borne by EPA in respect of purchase of appropriate materials and equipment.
8.7.3 Costs for Implementation of Monitoring
Table 8-10 Purchase of equipment

Kind of equipment Type Quantity Unit cost USD Total cost USD
Noise analyzer Portable 2 400 800
Air quality Monitor Mobile 1 1,000 1,000
Total 1,800
Table 8-11 Annual labor cost for compliance monitoring/inspection

Annual
Phase Activity Person/Site Monthly allowance / person USD
Cost /staff
Air quality 1 200 2,400
Construction Water quality 1 200 2,400
Noise level 1 200 2,400
Air quality 1 200 2,400
Operation Water quality 1 200 2,400
Total 14,400
Table 8-12 Cost for compliance monitoring (samples analysis)

Annual
Phase Medium Samples/events Cost for samples analysis USD
Cost /staff
Air quality 6 100 600
Construction Water quality 6 200 1,200
Air quality 6 100 600
Operation Water quality 6 200 1,200
Noise level 16 50 800
Total 6,000
8-17
CHAPTER 9
RECOMMENDATION TO THE GOVERNMENT OF LIBERIA
When the Project is implemented, it is recommended that the Government of Liberia should
take following measures to prosecute Policy Framework harmonizing with Administrative
Framework from an environmental and social consideration of view:
(1) Involuntary Resettlement
① To establish inter-ministerial organization which is solely responsible for involuntary

resettlement. The proposed organization is presented as follows;
Inter-ministerial
advise
Resettlement Committee JICA
(Plays as policy maker and
executing agency)
Independent External
instruct report
Monitoring Consultant
(Plays as regulatory agency)
Internal Monitoring
Committee
(Plays as working group)
Figure 9-1 Skelton brief of IRC
Inter-ministerial Resettlement Committee：Responsible for resettlement policy making,

budget preparation, and planning, coordinating, monitoring compensation, relocation activity on
involuntary resettlement which arisen due to the implementation of the Project.
Member
 Ministry of Public Works/Infrastructure Implementation Unit
 Ministry of Finance
 Ministry of Lands, Mines and Energy
 Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
 Ministry of Planning and Economy Affairs
 Ministry of Justice
 Environmental Protection Agency
9-1
 Monrovia City Corporation
Internal Monitoring Committee：Composed of Infrastructure Implementation Unit of MPW to

assist in the proper involuntary resettlement in accordance with the Resettlement Action Plan
(RAP)
Member
 Ministry of Public Works/Infrastructure Implementation Unit
 Ministry of Finance
 Consultant
Others
Security：Constituted by security section of MPW to ensure security protection for the paid team
and beneficiaries those will be compensated during RAP implementation process.
Support Staff：Support staff of Infrastructure Implementation Unit
Independent External Monitoring Committee：To carry out independent monitoring and

evaluation on the entire RAP implementation
Member
 Liberian Refugee Resettlement and Reintegration Commission
 Liberian Marketing Association
 Representative of District/Township
 Liberian National Police
 Environmental Consultant
 University of Liberia
② To identify the PAPs in accordance with the physical field survey and facility design on
reconstruction and formulate both EMP (Environmental Management Plan) and RAP
(Resettlement Action Plan), and take necessary actions in accordance with EIA procedures
required in the country.
③ To obtain the agreement from PAPs on involuntary resettlement and carry out compensation
and relocation in accordance with prepared RAP before implementation of the Project.
Environmental Monitoring
① To provide sufficient materials to carry out environmental monitoring such water analysis,
ambient air analysis, noise/vibration analysis those to evaluate the sustainable pollution
level those stipulated in Liberia.
② To improve management capability by involving the wetland technicians, local community
members and other stakeholders in; enhancing of knowledge and understanding of the
9-2
ecological processes, values and services of wetlands; training of how to manage and use
their wetlands; developing an appropriate wetlands legislative framework for Liberia;
developing planning and management systems for Liberia’s wetlands.
9-3
Somalia Drive, Monrovia
Conmercial
Locat10n tO Road (DrfVIng toward Redlght. PaynesvHba) Structure No SD一一
Left SEde RIght SIdc Date: Page _ of
LocatJOn GPS Coodlnate
Name of PnmaTY Contact-
o肌erShlPl 0wn Rent Le8馳 _ Other
DoyouhaveTltkDeed Yes ( ) No ( I WhenwasthepremJSeSPUrChasedorconstructed'
Typo Structure: Commercial BulldlnO Floor Area
Concrete Bk)ck w/T!n Roof,

Concrete BEock wJThatch Roof.
Wood Frame wITIn Roof.
Wood FTame WFThatch Roof,
Other. descnbe
Assessed Value of Props
Holy long have you lwed at tわts place? months / yei3rS Where dld you暮ive before
Do you JJke livlng hereつYes No lf you had an opton, would you move? Yes No
Do you thlnk the road expansl0n IS useful? ( )Yes ( ) No H伽〟do youwant to be resettled?
WoukJ you want to move from机ts p一ace? YeL__; No lf yes. how soon?
Which of these problems a触ct you most? EnvlrOnmental Trafhc

Secunty - Safety
A川of these
DomograPhic Data
Enployee
MaAe Name 虫担 OccuE)atlOn
A比ach addltional pa合es. Jf needed.
C伽uJTWnls qld Sdng甜1ENRYlD8叫tSMy FomlB.Sor71曲DTVe
A1-1
C IDo糾mentS afd SetdrqsuENRY＼DesktopISLuVey Forms_S8rrlaぬDdve
A1-2
Appendix 2
Attendance List of Stakeholder Meeting
The first of two meeting which started at about 12:00 pm at the Faith and Victory School system opposite
the Jamaica Road intersection, brought together project affected parties (PAPs) from structures marked
SD-A-001 to SD-A-337.A list of individuals who spoke at the scoping meeting as well as those in
attendance is provided in the table below.
NAMES ORGANIZATION/INSTITUATION
Mr. Michael V. Suah, Manager Earthcons Inc
Mr. Mulbah D. Nupolu Environmentalist Earthcons Inc,
Mr. Seymour N. Dweh Earthcons Inc
Mr. Elijah Karnely Ministry of Public Works, Zoning Director
Mr. Edsel E. Smith Ministry of Public Works
Rev. Isaac W. Tarplah PAP
David N. Wall PAP; D. Wall Industry
MoiJarsa Sicarr
Peter Wonpleh
Augustine T. Konor
Lammie N. Sheriff
Morris B. Zehdeh
Abdullyee Kenneh
Isiah T. Wonpleh
Gbantor S. Wall
Esther Nyuma
Francis Nyuma
S. Caubert Watkins
Edwin S. Dennis
Mariam Lasu
Rebecca Lomax
Samuel O. Dee
Rachel Terry
J. Eddie Tequah
Kansu Bilay
Ezekiel Tanlanpole
Samsoni Jalloh
Haruna Bah
Abraham Jalloh
Yarney Sesay
Augustine M. Homes
John S, Saah
Lewis W. Ponnie
John V. Taweh
Ansu A. Jabateh
Bestman H. Toe
Fofana Karamo
Rosaline Tazy
Jefferson M.K. Giddings
Sanusy Diallo
Robert W. Browne
Isaac F. Tokpa
A2-1
Ben Kamara
S. Varlee Massalay
Gbella Chaples
Momo Sambula
Bruno Freeman
Seko V.M. Kamara
Abdulai Kamara
Abraham Kromah
Karbuneh Bayor
Alphonso M. Kabah
Boakai Baryor
Alfred D. Gadeh
Mulbah S. Sesay
Rev. Samuel O. Daye-you, Sr.
Mohammed M. Kamara
Morris M. Konneh
James Freman
Mohammad Fofana
Youba Kromah
Samuel Dee
Solomon Toe
Alsey Savane
Daniel Yeawolo
Juah Sarwee
Alie D. Kaba
Mohammed A. suarane
Alevv tha W. Nyepon
Elijah K. Deno Sr
Momo Pai
George A. Corbin
Harrison V. Gray
Etta Russell
Varney Ofei
Sam Copper
Jetro Tamba
A2-2
The second meeting took place at about 3:00pm at the Jimmy Jolocon High School along the Somalia
Drive. It brought together project affected parties (PAPs) from structures marked SD-A-338 to SD-A-605.
Mr. Michael V. Suah, Manager Earthcons Inc
Mr. Mulbah D. Nupolu Environmentalist Earthcons Inc,
Mr. Sseymour N. Dweh Earthcons Inc
Mr. Elijah Karnely Ministry of Public Works, Zoning Director
Mr. Edsel E. Smith Ministry of Public Works
Solomon Baoh
Varney Kamara
Jerry Johnson
Adu Mendiamassa
John Fayiah Tengbeh
William Boway
Lincoln Doe
John Fayiah
Aliman Keita
Somukai Fofanah
Prince A. Kun
Songo Kamara
Harris O.Williams Jr.
Sylvester Seton
Nancy Bestman
Asata Silay
Morris Kromah
Peter Pao Wilson
German Jackson
Mr.Zina Gray
George Seibeh
Abraham B.Sambola
Sam O.Troko
Michael Flowers
James Gbanyar
Luseni Sambolass
Roland L.Gotolo
Emmanuel Moore
Abdrim-men
Jonah Kolla
Boakai Dorley
Eric G.Keller
Rufus Ya-youn
Antony Poul
T.Nah Taupe
John Tambah
Ma-Kula Dolleh
Emmanuel B.Richards
Salia V.Kamara
John T.Weah
S.O.Daston
Irene Toe
Charles J.Kingsley
Barbee Scott
Edith D.Kamara
A2-3
Lawrence O.Parmore
Fayiah Saah
Bandu Mendiamara
Thomas Banjura
Abu Kanneh
Ishmeal V.Kenneh
David J.B.Mulbah
Patrick S.Nyumah
Postm.Thomas F.Follah
Evelyn K.Blay
Austine Osuti
Paul K.Iooko
Nyah Willieraye
Cephus Kromah
Henry Z.Richards
Christopher Maine
Vakaba M.Fofana
Murphy Coleman
Foleys Komara
Jamse F.Travis
Francis F.Kietan
Amos K.Ndwuyah
David L.Wils
Adolphus Kai
Kosum Terllewule
Emmanuel David
Daniel B.Lebbie
Esther J.Douwana
Luey M.Tarwo
Moses P.Jalatee
Patience Johnson
Chellas Bestman
Tamba John Kenneh
James T.Fayiah
A2-4
The third community meeting was held Saturday, December 12, 2009, at the Monrovia Vocational
Training Center (M.V.T.C.), along the Somalia Drive. Occupants of structures marked SD-A-885 to SD-
A-936
MR MICHAEL V. SUAH EARTHCONS,GENERAL MANAGER
MR SEYMOUR N. DWEH EARTHCONS
MR ELIZAH KARNLEY ZONING DIRECTOR,M.P.W
MR EDSEL SMITH ASST MINISTER,M.P.W
MAMU KROMAH
MANIE TURAY
AUSTIN BENDA
JOSEPH NEWTON
ZORYOU D. GIBSON
OZULU TENGBEN
NOWADY TOURE
AHMED M. KENNEH
AMARA SANOE
MAHAMUDO S. FOFANA
ALPHA KROMAH
MOHAMMED A. BILITY
FANTA SHERIFF
FASSU KROMAH
JOHN E. DERICK
LYDIA BUAH
ANSU BILITY
FATUMAH DUKULY
LOSINE A. SHERIFF
ABDULLAH KENNEH
VARNEY TULAY
BLAMA SIRYON
MOHAMMED BILITY
JUSTICE H.BROWNE
KARLEE KAVRE
SIAMA SAAH
ELIZABETH WILLIAMS
ESTHER KANNEH
A2-5
The fourth community meeting was held Saturday, December 12, 2009, at the Jerusalem Assembly of
God School, opposite the Monrovia Transit Authority (MTA). Occupants of structures marked SD-A-
606 to SD-A-884
MICHAEL V. SUAH EARTHCONS ,GENERAL MANAGER

SEYMOUR N.DWEH EARTHCONS
MR ELIJAH KARNLEY ZONING DIRECTOR,M.P.W
PST DAVID S. KALAMA

ELDER KARTY GAYSUE
REV. D.JARCO JOEDOE
SEKOU KANNEH
JUSTICE I.IGBINOBA
EMMANUEL J. JOHNSON
SUNDAY IGDOGHOR
SAMAH H. LAVALIE
MRS. ELIZABETH I
KOLLIE
ARTHUR L. TAILLEY SR.
FACIKU D. HORACE
FRANCIS R. CHIKSON
MUSA KAMARA
HENRY I. ANOKA
TAMBA HARRIS
MOHAMMED ABRAHAM
ABRAHAM V. DUKULY
HAWA KAMARA
EMMANUEL TOE
OMAGUSTINE F.BORBOR
THOMAS G. YANZEE
JAMES BONDO
FLOMO TOKPAH
FALLAH BROWN
JERRY P.S.W. TWEH,SR
WATTA ROBERTS
SAAH ROBERTS
SOLO LUCINY
EBENEZAR M. KORTE
FAYIAH S.BORBOR
MAMUBULU PALAY
JOSEPH G. SUBAH
L.VICTOR GOANEH
JAMES K.DENNIS
ROSE KAYDEE
THOMAS F. CHORLU
EMMANUEL S. CHORLU
TAMBA SIAHDU
HAYE KAMARA
S. ABUBAKAR F.
SHERIFF
ARTHUR MONAH
A2-6
MUSTPHA M. KAMARA
MA.SIRYAN TURAY
MRS MAGRET KING
OLIVER JOHNSON
EMMANUEL BUAH
WINNIE GOTOE
MOSES SHERIFF
KAYPEE WILLIAMS
RUFUS BUAH
PHILIP JOHSON
CATHERINE BROWN
ISMEAL B. TURAY
VAMUYAN TURAY
AMARA KONNEH
ABRAHAM KAMARA
KEBBEH M. FOKO
KEMAH ROBERTS
F.SAA TAYLOR
FATU ROLLAND
BOYD TAYLOR
ALOYON A BAYON
JOSEPHINE MACERTHY
MOMOH K.SEI
LOUIZA N. FREEMAN
MATTHEW K. WILSON
WATTE SHERIFF
FATI TAYLOR
YVONNE LORSEH
GEORGE YEANZAH
MOHAMMED CISSE
JEBBEH THOMAS
MARY JALLAH
L.LEROY JONES
JONAH S. NYUMAH
ABE B. KAMARA
FINDA KETTOR
RITA M. DAVID
NYAMADAN SAWOUR
FANTA KEITA
MORRIS SECIMOWLOR
EMMANUEL SAYDAH
ABRAHAM SNARTON
FAYIAH SAAH
PATIENCE SAAH
CHARTINE CLARK
MOIYONU KONAH
THERESA TEESORH
ALEXANDER GIBSON
BLOMA KEITA
DAVID L.WILE
A2-7
The fifth community meeting was held Saturday, December 19, 2009, at the Calvary Temple School,
along the Somalia Drive. Occupants of structures marked SD-A-937 to SD-A-1099
MR MICHAEL V. SUAH EARTHCONS,GENERAL MANAGER
MR SEYMOUR N. DWEH EARTHCONS
MR ELIJAH KARNLEY ZONING DIRECTOR,M.P.W
JAMES PENNGAR
EUGENE FORPAYEA
TIMOTHY KPAYEE
KAMAH M. BOLEY
FATU BNOIMAH
ORETHA K. BORVAH
BALLAH BONWEE
GEBAH FOFANA
ADAMA KEITA
KORMASSA BORVAH
VICTORIA BORVAH
KINGSLEY TWUM –
AUTNI
PTER BELEKOLLIE
OTIS ROBERTS
JAMES GBAPPY
LOUIS A. DAVIS
JERRY G.VAH
HENRY A. WALKER
JANELL EASTBURN
JOSEPH K. FLOMO
TERRANCE M. DOKIE
FELICIA ROBERTS
WILLIAMS POWELL
SHEIK KAMARA
MUSA SAYSAY
SEKOU KAMARA
JAMESBORBOR
NSLSON VAYE
CHRISTIANA VAYE
MORRIS S. SESAY
BALLAH JASPER
OUSIMANE M. SHERIFF
JOSEPH B. JUAH
GEORGE TOGBAH
WESLEY GORGE
A2-8
The sixth community meeting was held Saturday, December 19, 2009, at the Paynesville Central
Academy, along the Somalia Drive. Occupants of structures marked SD-A-1100 to SD-A-1295
MR MICHAEL V. SUAH GENERAL MANAGER,EARTHCONS INC.
MR SEYMOUR N. DWEH EARTHCONS INC.
MR ELIJAH KARNLEY ZONING DIRECTOR, M.P.W
BILL N.KENNAY
BABY GOLD
MOSES NYUMA
PST SAMUEL K.TRIEKU
D.HELENA TIKPAH
JAMES L.MORRIS
SIMON DOE
MOSES F. NDORBOR
SAMPSON B.
YEABAH ,SR
PETERSON M. WEAH
SAYBAH KABAH
JOSEPHINE JACKSON
ALEX DORLEY
JORDAN J. GONGAR
D.STANLEY TUMOE
KARYEE GEORGE
SIAFA BEYAN
PAULINE HARRIS
HENRY WAWAH
AUSTIN TARLESSON
JORDAN S. MOORE
BENDU RICHARDS
ALHASSANE DIALLO
BANBA JABATEH
AMBROSS KOFFA
JERRY T. DUPLEY
NATHANIEL DARSAW
MIATTA MASSAQUOI
FRANCIS T. SAMMY
A2-9
Appendix 3
REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS (MPW)
RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK

FOR
THE RECONSTRUCTION OF SOMALIA DRIVE

IN
MONROVIA, REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA
JANUARY 2010
Table of Content
List of Table
Acronyms and Abbreviation
Definitions
Executive Summary
Page
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background of the Project ....................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Project Description .................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Objectives of the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)....................................................... 2
1.4 Project Location....................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Justification for Triggering Resettlement ................................................................................ 2
1.6 The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report ................................................................ 3
CHAPTER 2 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................................. 4

2.1 Legal Framework..................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 The procedure for obtaining land located in the Hinterland .................................................... 4
2.3 The procedures for obtaining land located in the County Area is as follows: ......................... 5
2.4 Administrative Framework ...................................................................................................... 5
2.5 Resettlement principles According to JICA and Liberian Land Acquisition Policies............. 6
2.5.1 JICA Requirements .......................................................................................................... 6
2.5.2 Liberian Land Acquisition Policies.................................................................................. 7
CHAPTER 3 COMPENSATION ELIGIBILITY .............................................................................. 9

3.1 Procedures for Identification of Impacts ................................................................................. 9
3.2 Institutional Organization for Implementation ........................................................................ 9
3.3 Grievance Redress Mechanisms ............................................................................................ 10
3.3.1 Objectives of the Grievance Procedures ........................................................................ 10
3.3.2 Grievance Mechanism.................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 4 MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK........................................... 13

4.2 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 13
4.3 RAP monitoring Framework ................................................................................................. 14
4.4 Reporting ............................................................................................................................... 16
4.5 Staff and Monitoring.............................................................................................................. 16
4.6 Internal performance monitoring ........................................................................................... 17
4.7 Impact Monitoring ................................................................................................................. 19
4.8 External Monitoring............................................................................................................... 20
4.9 Completion Audit .................................................................................................................. 20
CHAPTER 5 RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLANS (RAPS).......................................................... 22
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................... 23

6.1 The Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 23
6.2 Recommendations.................................................................................................................. 23
ANNEXES
Annex One: Land Acquisition Assessment Form
Annex Two: Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)
List of Table
Page
Table 4.1: RAP Monitoring Framework ....................................................................................... 16
Table 4.2: Internal Performance Monitoring Milestones.............................................................. 18
Table #1: Property (Goods and Assets Affected) ..................................................................... A2-2
Table #2: Socio-economic characteristics of families ............................................................. A2-3
Table #3: Socio-economic characteristics of business ............................................................. A2-3
Table #4a: Impacts Caused by Displacement (Households) .................................................... A2-3
Table #4b: Impacts Caused by Displacement (Business) ....................................................... A2-3
Table #5: Agreed Solutions ...................................................................................................... A2-4
Table #6: Resettlement Schedule.............................................................................................. A2-4
i
Acronyms and Abbreviations
1 RPF = Resettlement Policy Framework

2 TOR = Terms of Reference
3 MPW = Ministry of Public Works
4 MUTCD = Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices
5 EPA = Environmental Protection Agency
6 LRRRC = Liberia Refugee Resettlement and Reintegration Commission
7 RAP = Resettlement Action Plan
8 PAPs = Project Affected Persons
9 M&E= Monitoring and Evaluation
10 JICA = Japan International Cooperation Agency
ii
Definitions
Children: All persons under the age of 18 years according to international regulatory standard
(Convention on the Rights of Child 2002).
Community: A group of individuals broader than households, who identify themselves as a common
unit due to recognized social, religious, economic and traditional government ties or shared
locality.
Compensation: Payment in cash or in kind for an asset or resource acquired or affected by the project.
Cut – off – Date: The date of completion of inventory of losses during the preparation of the RAP.
The PAP will be informed of the cut-off-date for the sub-project component, that any one
moving into the sub-project area after that date will not be entitled to compensation and
assistance under the project.
Economic Displacement: A loss of productive assets or usage rights or livelihood capacities because
such assets/rights/capacities are located in the project area.
Entitlement: The compensation offered by RAP, including: financial compensation; the right to
participate in livelihood enhancement programs; housing sites and infrastructure; transport
and temporary housing allowances; and, other short term provisions required to move from
one site to another.
Female Headed Household: A household where a woman is the principal earning member of the
family.
Head of the Household: The eldest member of core family in the household, for the purpose of the
project.
Household: A group of persons living together who share the same cooking and eating facilities, and
form a basic socio-economic and decision making unit. One or more households often
occupy a homestead.
Involuntary Resettlement: Resettlement without the informed consent of the displaced persons or if
they give their consent without having the power to refuse resettlement.
Lost income opportunities: Lost income opportunities will be assessed and compensated on the basis
of the losses caused by the project. If a household or family has several adult members who
will lose their incomes, all will be compensated.
Operational Directive 4.30: Embodies the basic principles and procedures that underlie the World
Bank Group approach to involuntary resettlement associated with its investment projects.
Physical Displacement: A loss of residential structures and related non-residential structures and
physical assets because such structures/assets are located in the project area.
Private property owners: Persons who have legal title to structures, land or other assets and are
accordingly entitled to compensation under the Land Act. In the case of a joint title deed,
the replacement land or cash compensation will given to the joint holders who will be
treated as a unit.
iii
Project – Affected Community: A community that is affected by the project.
Project –Affected Household: All members of a household, whether related or not, operating as a
single economic unit, who are affected by the project.
Project-Affected Person: Any person who, as a result of the project, loses the right to own, use, or
otherwise benefit from a built structure, land (residential, agricultural, or pasture), annual or
perennial crops and trees, or any other fixed or moveable asset, either in full or in part,
permanently or temporarily.
Rehabilitation: the restoration of the PAPs resource capacity to continue with productive activities or
lifestyles at a level higher or at least equal to that before the project.
Relocation: A compensation process through which physically displaced households are provided
with a one-time lump-sum compensation payment for their existing residential structures
and move from the area
Replacement Cost: The amount of cash compensation sufficient to replace lost assets and cover
transaction costs, without taking into account depreciation or salvage value.
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP): Documented procedures and the actions a project proponent will
take to mitigate adverse effects, compensate losses, and provide development benefits to
persons and communities affected by a project.
Resettlement Assistance: Support provided to people who are physically displaced by a project. This
may include transportation, food, shelter, and social services that are provided to affected
people during their resettlement. Assistance may also include cash allowances that
compensate affected people for the inconvenience associated with resettlement and defray
the expenses of a new locale, such as moving expenses and lost work days.
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF): Provides the guidelines for the implementing agency
(MPW) on how to recognize needs for resettlement planning and how to conduct it and
implement the results.
Resettlement: A compensation process through which physically displaced households are provided
with replacement plots and residential structures at one of two designated resettlement
villages in the district. Resettlement includes initiatives to restore and improve the living
standards of those being resettled.
Squatter: Squatters are landless households squatting within the public/private and for residential and
business purposes.
Value: The value of property, land and the level of compensation for all the affected persons
Vulnerable: People who by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability, economic
disadvantage, or social status may be more adversely affected by resettlement than others
and who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance
and related development benefits.
iv
Executive Summary
The Liberian Government made request for Japan’s Grant Aid in August 2009 for the development of
the road sector. In its submission, the Government of Liberia recognized the critical importance of
both the Somalia Drive Road and the Johnson Street Bridge in alleviating traffic congestion and
enhancing economic development. However, the Government has prioritized the Somalia Drive rather
than the Johnson Street Bridge because of the historical importance of the Providence Island.
Widening the Somalia Drive would also encourage the use of the international transport corridors
from the Freeport of Monrovia to neighboring Guinea and Cote d’ Ivoire through Ganta and Loguato
respectively.
The reconstruction and proposed 4- lane widening of Somalia Drive may require the acquisition of
land and site. This project will be classified as “Category A” in accordance with the Japan
Cooperation Agency (JICA) Guideline because of the expected large scale of involuntary resettlement.
This Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) provides the guidelines for the implementing Agency
(MPW) on how, to recognize needs for resettlement planning and how to conduct it and implement
the result. This Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is specifically for the conditions of the
Proposed Reconstruction of the Somalia Drive Road Project.
The Resettlement Policy Framework includes:

 Principles and Standards from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Guideline
for Environmental and Social consideration;
 Procedures for analyzing situations and preparing Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) or
abbreviated RAP; and
 Sample Terms of Reference (TOR) for RAP including outline of content of the RAP
Document.
v
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
The Government of Liberia made request for Japan’s Grant Aid in August 2009 for the
development of the road sector. In its submission, the Government of Liberia recognized the
critical importance of both the Somalia Drive Road and the Johnson Street Bridge in
alleviating traffic congestion and enhancing economic development. However, the
Government has prioritized the Somalia Drive rather than the Johnson Street Bridge because
of the historical importance of the Providence Island
This document provides a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the proposed works for
the Reconstruction of Somalia Drive Project undertaken by the Government of Liberia
through the Ministry of Public Works. The project is being undertaken with founding from
the Government of Japan when it is granted.
The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the Reconstruction of the Somalia Drive
project will define roles, responsibilities, procedures and compensation rates to guide the
preparation of the individual Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The preparation of a
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the Reconstruction of the Somalia Drive Road is
the appropriate and designated tool for involuntary Displacement.
1.1 Background of the Project
Somalia Drive which is located in the Northern part of the Mesurado wetland had 4-lanes
carriageways originally, however only 2-laness were rehabilitated by the World Bank Grant
in 2008. The land use along the road side is mainly for commercial purpose including markets,
petit traders, nearby stalls and garages. The vicinity consists of many narrow community
alleys which connect directly to Somalia Drive, and suffered from traffic congestion by
vehicles from the alleys. Daily traffic volume is 24,500 PCU per day at the eastern section of
Somalia Drive in 2009. It is estimated that the volume in 2014 will become over 150% of
road capacity at all stretches and traffic condition will become more serious. The congestion
also causes severe economic losses; therefore the upgrade of the road capacity to secure the
smooth traffic flow is urgent and necessary.
This project will be classified as “Category A” in accordance with the Japanese International
Cooperation Agency (JICA) Guideline because of the expected large scale of involuntary
resettlement.
1
1.2 Project Description
The Government of Liberia’s preference for the Somalia Drive Road Project is based on the
potentially far- reaching socio-economic impacts its construction would have on stimulating
domestic economic activities and fostering regional trade. As a vital arterial link between the
Free port of Monrovia and the large Red light market, the proposed 4-lanes road would
alleviate traffic congestion, facilities the transport of much more people and goods and likely
lead to the expansion of the Free port. Widening the Somalia Drive would also encourage the
use of the international transport corridors from the Freeport of Monrovia to neighboring
Guinea and Cote d’ Ivoire through Ganta and Loguato respectively. The activities would in
turn general hefty financial returns, increased economic growth and improve access for our
citizenry.
1.3 Objectives of the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
The objective of the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is as follows:

 The RPF is to provide guidelines for implementing agency (MPW) on how to recognize
needs for resettlement planning and how to conduct it and implement the results; and
 The RPF will define roles, responsibilities, procedures and compensation rates to guide the
preparation of the individual Resettlement Action Plan (RAP).
1.4 Project Location
The Somalia Drive Road is located in the Northeastern part of the city of Monrovia in
Montserrado County.
1.5 Justification for Triggering Resettlement
The widening of the Somalia Drive Road to 4-lanes and the reconstruction of bridges may
require the acquisition of land and sites. This project will be classified as “Category A” in
accordance with the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Guideline because of
the expected large scale of involuntary resettlement.
The reconstruction of road, bridges and provision of related services may require land
acquisition. JICA Environment and Social Guidelines provide the guidelines to be followed.
JICA Guideline detail issues of involuntary resettlement, emphasizing the severe economic
and environmental risks involved if unmitigated. JICA policy objectives urge that involuntary
resettlement be avoided whenever possible. If unavoidable, the displaced persons need to:
(i) Share in project benefits;
(ii) Participate in planning and implementation of resettlement programs; and
2
(iii) Be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at
least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to level prevailing
prior to the beginning project implementation, whichever is higher.
The JICA policy covers direct economic and social impacts that both result from JICA
assisted investment projects. This covers taking of land which may result in relocation or loss
of shelter, assets, access to assets or loss of income resources or means of livelihood whether
or not the affected persons must move to other locations.
1.6 The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) Report
The Resettlement Policy Framework covers the following:

 Project Description;
 Policy Trigger;
 Liberia’s Legal Framework and Land Laws;
 Mitigation Instruments;
 Procedures for Identification of Impacted Persons;
 Methods for the Resolution of potential conflicts or grievances;
 Responsibilities for the Implementation of mitigation measures;
 Monitoring Arrangements; and
 Conclusions and Recommendations;
3
CHAPTER 2 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
2.1 Legal Framework
The Constitution and other Liberian Laws provide a basis for resettlement and compensation.
This section presents a detailed description of the legal framework for the implementation of
involuntary resettlement project in Liberia. The following Liberian Laws comprise the legal
framework:
(i) Liberian Constitution 1986

Article 22 (a) and (b) of the Constitution vests in all individuals have the right to own
property either on individual basis or in conjunction with other individuals, as long as they are
Liberian Citizens. This right however does not extend to mineral resources on, or beneath the
land.
(ii) Land Act 1856

Prior to independence, land acquisition and distribution was done on the basis of relationship
and class system. Opposition to this system of land tenure led to the establishment of a set of
rules known as the “digest of law to govern the affairs of the settlers in terms of land
distribution” This later culminated into the Land Distribution Act of 1856 which removed the
restriction to land distribution based on citizenship. This Act was repealed by the 1950 Land
Act which restricted land ownership to citizens and naturalized citizens especially those of
Negro decent.
(iii) County Act 1969

This Act officially distributed and demarcated land boundaries in Liberia. Prior to the Act,
counties were created through political means. For instance the four oldest counties in Liberia
– Montserrado, Sinoe, Grand Bassa and Maryland were all products of political events.
(iv) Land Acquisition Act 1929

The Act lays down the procedure for obtaining rights to any piece of land in Liberia through
purchase. The Act distinguishes land in Liberia into two categories Viz: the Hinterland, and
the County area.
2.2 The procedure for obtaining land located in the Hinterland
(i) Obtain Consent of Tribal Authority to have a parcel of land deeded to the individual by
the Government;
(ii) Pay a sum of money as a taken of his/her intention to live peacefully with the
4
tribesmen;
(iii) Paramount or Clan chief signs a certificate which purchaser forwards to the office of
the District Commissioner (who also acts as the Land Commissioner for the area); and
(iv) The District Commissioner after satisfying himself that the land is not encumbered in
any way approves that the land be deeded to the applicant and issues a certificate to that
effect.
2.3 The procedures for obtaining land located in the County Area is as follows:
(i) Apply to the Land Commissioner in the county in which the land is located; and
(ii) The Commissioner shall issue a certificate if he is satisfied that the land is
unencumbered.
Upon completion of the above steps, the purchaser shall pay the Bureau of Revenues
the value of the land valued at a minimum rate of fifty cents per acre. He shall obtain
and submit a receipt to president for an order to have the land survey. A deed will then
be drawn up by the Land Commissioner, authenticated, and given to the purchaser.
2.4 Administrative Framework
The institutions responsible for Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) implementation are
highlighted below with their mandates;
(i) Ministry of Public Works

This Ministry has the responsibility for the design, construction and maintenance of roads,
highways, bridges, storm sewers, public buildings and other civil works. Other functions
include urban and town planning, provision of architectural and engineering of infrastructure
required for Government. The Ministry has a Special Implementation Unit (now transformed
in an Infrastructure Implementation Unit) charged with the implementation of both urban and
rural infrastructure works on behalf of the Ministry
(ii) Ministry of Planning and Economic Affairs

This Ministry is responsible for national development planning, project preparation and
coordination. It provides technical guidance to all governmental agencies in preparation of
development programs and projects.
(iii) Ministry of Health and Social Welfare

The Department of Environmental and Occupational Health in this Ministry handles matters
relating to water and sanitation. It conducts sanitary inspections in public eating places
including drinking water surveillance; construction and/or supervision of water wells and pit
latrines and the promotion of community health education. The Department of social welfare
handles repatriation and resettlement of internal and external displaced people in Liberia.
5
(iv) Ministry of Lands, Mines and Energy
The Ministry of Lands, Mines and Energy supervises the development and management of
water resources and conducts scientific and technical investigations required for
environmental assessments. The implementation of water and sanitation activities is done
through the Department of Mineral and Environmental Research. The Ministry’s mandate
dictates that it must be involved in Special projects on the evaluation of urban sanitation,
particularly the provision of guidance for geotechnical investigation of solid wastes landfill
disposal sites. The Bureau of Land Survey of this Ministry is the technical section of the
Government that handles land demarcation and land survey.
(v) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

The EPA is mandated to set environmental quality standards and ensure compliance with
pollution control. If is responsible for the provision of guidelines for the preparation of
Environmental Assessments and Audits, and the evaluation of environmental permits. These
may include certification procedures for landfill and other activities potentially dangerous to
the environment.
(vi) Liberia Refugee Resettlement and Reintegration Commission (LRRRC)

The LRRRC has the mandate to resettle and reintegrate Liberian Refugees that were
externally displaced during the Liberian civil war. The LRRRC is also responsible for
resettlement of disaster victims in time of natural or man-made disaster. These may include
acquisition of land for refugees or disaster victims.
2.5 Resettlement principles According to JICA and Liberian Land Acquisition Policies
2.5.1 JICA Requirements
JICA requirements are details in the Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations.
The directives outline the following principles:
(i) Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible or minimized by exploring

alternative project designs. If not feasible to avoid resettlement, resources are to be
provided to enable the displaced persons to share in the project benefits;
(ii) The population to be affected by the project are those who may lose as the consequence
of the project, all or part of their physical and non-physical assets including homes,
farms, productive land, properties, income earning opportunities, social and cultural
relations and other losses that maybe identified in the process of resettlement;
(iii) All population impacted by the project should be consulted and given the opportunity
to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs;
(iv) All population affected by the project are entitled to be compensated for their lost assets
and incomes at full replacement cost and assisted in their efforts to improve their
6
livelihoods and standards of living to pre-project standards;
(v) All affected population are equally eligible for compensation and rehabilitation
assistance, irrespective of tenure status, social or economic standing and without and
discrimination;
(vi) The JICA policies stipulate that displacement or restriction of access to resources must
not occur before necessary measures for resettlement are put in place. This includes
provision of compensation and other assistance required for relocation prior to
displacement to new sites with adequate facilities. For compensation purposes,
preference should be given to land-based strategies for displaced persons whose
livelihoods are land-based with land equivalent to the advantages of the land taken. If
land is not available, options built around opportunities for employment should be
provided in addition to cash compensation for land and other assets lost. In case of
land-based livelihoods, cash payment maybe appropriate if the land taken is a small
fraction of the affected asset and the residual is economically viable particularly, and
the displaced persons have the opportunity to use such markets. Cash compensation
should be sufficient to replace the lost land and other assets at full replacement cost in
local markets.
(vii) In all cases, the displaced persons and host communities receiving them are to be
provided with timely and relevant information, consulted on resettlement options and
offered opportunities to participate in planning, implementing and monitoring
resettlement and appropriate mechanisms for grievance redress are established. If is
also important that in resettlement sites or host communities, public services and
infrastructure are provided and measures are to be taken to the extent possible to
preserve the social and cultural institutions. Special measures are to be taken to protect
socially and economically vulnerable groups and people living in extreme poverty.
2.5.2 Liberian Land Acquisition Policies
According to legal and policy requirements of Liberia, particularly those related to land
acquisition and resettlement of persons affected by development projects, the different land
regulations as outlined in section 2.1 provide guidance and steps to be taken. The Land
Acquisition Act of 1929 detailed steps to be taken for land acquisition and payment of
compensation for claimants whether in cash or land for land.
Two other applicable laws that relate to the resettlement of people to be affected by
infrastructure development are the Zoning Law and the Real Property Law. The Zoning Law
prescribes designated sites for construction of specific structure. Construction of unauthorized
structures is violation under this statute. Section 102 of the Law requires that Zoning Permit
be obtained prior to construction of any structure. However, section 72 of the same statute
also provide that a Temporary Permit could be obtained from the Zoning Council for a period
not more than one year, to construct a non-conforming structure.
7
The Real Property Laws of Liberia is based upon the doctrine of Eminent Domain which
holds that Government owns the land within the borders of Liberia and that the Government
of Liberia is the original granter of land in Liberia.
Under the Real Property Laws of Liberia the only instrument of Title is the Deed. Squatter
Right does not cover Title. Squatter Right may be a city ordinance oriented and it is not a law.
Squatter’s Right is only intended as a temporary arrangement for accommodation and a Title.
The Government of Liberia granted land to setters and aborigines based upon the doctrine of
preemption, the measure in which prior occupancy accompanied by improvement gives
superiority in ownership to land (8LLR 4`6). Preemption has been abolished with the growth
of population and now public land must be purchased from the Government in order to have
Title. (15LLR424 3YLL).
Worth noting in passing is the fact that in 1948, the William V.S. Tubman Administration
demarcated public land in the then Hinterland among the tribal settlers by districts, clans, and
towns, and made the tribal settlers, trustees of the public land of their respective locales. This
makes the acquisition of public land in the Hinterland, now, county areas easier by tribal land
certificate from the tribal authority.
From the proceeding discussion it is worth concluding that mere settlers on public land do not
have legal right to claim against the Government for improvement done on
Government/public land based upon squatter’s rights, except they have Title to some land
from the Government in which case when Government needs such land, the owner is
compensated. In the instant case the silence and acquiescence to the citizens notorious, open
and peaceful occupancy caused the citizen to change their position to invest their resources in
the public, the land owned by their own Government that owes them protection, no matter
their status.
As citizens to be displaced by act of the Government they may request the Government of re-
settlement benefit and not a payment of invested resources to better life the relocated
premises, and this will require intervention, mediation and not court proceedings.
8
CHAPTER 3 COMPENSATION ELIGIBILITY
All Project Affected Persons (PAPs) whether public or private or cooperative, who will lose
land, buildings, houses, crops or sources of income¸ will be compensated according to the
types and amount of their losses. People with no titles to land will be compensated according
to the JICA’s Guidelines requirements and hence, squatters will also be supported so that they
can lead a life at least equal to the one they had before they became affected by the project.
If the project encroaches on areas used for farming alternative land must be assigned such use.
The cut – off date for compensation eligibility will be set once all detailed measurements have
been completed. The cut-off date usually starts from the date of announcement of intention.
Cultivating land, constructing buildings or settlements in the affected areas after the cut-off
date will not be eligible for compensation. The cut-off date will be decided by Compensation
and Relocation Committee in the shortest time possible so that affected persons to be able to
restore their normal life as quickly as possible.
3.1 Procedures for Identification of Impacts
The Government identifies a particular piece of land for construct a road. If is the duty of the
Ministry of Public Works to assess the legal status of the land using the Land Acquisition
Assessment Guidelines (Annex 1). This is a very important tool that assesses the status of the
site (public land, tribal land, Leased land, individual land and other). Based on this
assessment, the assessor provides recommendations on whether Government should look for
another site, if donated by individuals, there should be a legal document showing such
donation, if there is a problem on the land, the project will be held back until the problem is
solved or an alternative site is provided. The Land Acquisition Assessment findings should be
signed by the Assessor, the local community and the Ministry of Public Works.
3.2 Institutional Organization for Implementation
As reported earlier, the procedures for land acquisition for public purposes in Liberia involves
the formation of Compensation and Relocation Committee which will be responsible for the
planning, coordinating and monitoring compensation and relocation activities.
The committee will be composed of:

 The Ministry of Lands, Mines & Energy;
 The Ministry of Public Works;
 The Ministry of Health and Social Welfare;
 The Ministry of Planning and Economic Affairs;
 The Ministry of Justice;
9
 The Infrastructure Implementation Unit;
 The Environmental Protection Agency;
 Liberia Refugee Resettlement and Reintegration Commission; and
 Representative of Project Affected Persons (PAPs).
The above is the standard procedure in Liberia. However, experience in such localities and
information gathering from the community showed that such structure is needed in many
cases. As mentioned earlier, all tribal areas or counties have reserved land or tribal perimeter
to be used for village expansion or for services. Such land is communally owned and under
the control of tribal chiefs or county superintendent with consultation from the community.
Hence, all local Government Officials, Chief, County Development Committee and the
Compensation and Relocation Committee established by the project will work together to
decide on land acquisition using the Land Acquisition Assessment tool. The decision will be
the responsibility of the Government and the Ministry of Public Works in collaboration with
the County Development Committee and the concerned locality.
3.3 Grievance Redress Mechanisms
A grievance redress committee will be set-up by the Ministry of Public Works to address
complaints arising from the implementation of the resettlement action plan (RAP). The
committee will ensure that all complaints received in writing (or written when received
verbally) are documented and addressed document showing such donation, if there is a
problem on the land, the project will be held back until the problem is solved or an alternative
site is provided. The Land Acquisition Assessment findings should be signed by the Assessor,
the Local Community and the Ministry of Public Works.
3.3.1 Objectives of the Grievance Procedures
The grievance redress procedure provides a mechanism to mediate conflict and cut down on
lengthy litigation, which often causes delay in such infrastructure projects. It will also provide
people who might have objections or concerns about their assistance, a public forum to raise
their objections and through conflict resolution enable issues to be discussed adequately. The
committee will undertake consultations with PAP and other interested parties. The committee
will provide ample opportunity to redress complaints informally. Grievances likely arise
include:
(i) Failure to register all Project Affected Persons (PAP);
(ii) Losses not identified correctly;
(iii) Inadequate assistance or not as per entitlement matrix;
(iv) Dispute about ownership;
(v) Delay in disbursement of assistance; and
(vi) Improper distribution of assistance.
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3.3.2 Grievance Mechanism
Grievance related to any aspect of the project will be handled through negotiation, which will
aim at achieving a consensus settlement. Affect project affected person (PAP) may follow the
procedures outline below:
(i) Grievance will be filed by persons affected by the project with the Grievance
Committee of MPW which will act on it within fifteen (15) working days on receipt;
(ii) If no understanding or amicable solution is reached, or the affected person does not
receive a response from the within fifteen (15) working days, the affected person can
appeal to a designated office in the of the Ministry of Public Works, which should act
on the complaint/grievance within the fifteen (15) working days of the day of its filing;
and
(iii) If an affected person is not satisfied with the decision received, he/she can as least
resort appeal to a court of competent. Affected persons will be exempted from all
administrative and legal fees incurred pursuant to grievance redress procedures.
It is the responsibility of the grievance redress committee to satisfactorily address all

complaints brought by the project affected persons, where an affected person is not satisfied
with the decisions of the committee; such person has an opportunity to seek the intervention
of the RAP management team of MPW to address the grievance.
The Resettlement Negotiation Committee will play a significant role in grievance

management. In addition to arranging compensation packages, they will also assist in
managing frequent questions, concerns and grievances at Resettlement Negotiation
Committee meetings. MPW grievance committee will also present grievances for discussion
and resolution during collaboration meetings and all discussions will be documented for
future reference.
Persons with grievances are entitled to seek redress under the Liberian Law for grievance
resolution. The MPW will track each of the above cases closely and suspend all compensation
processing and payments pending resolution. Where feasible, the committee could invite the
parties involved in the case to a resolution meeting.
All cases/complaints related to the physical asset inventory or compensation entitlement are
related to the entitlement cut-off date and the determination of whether particular assets are
eligible for compensation or not. For cases involving the physical asset inventory or
compensation entitlement, the MPW will review all documentation related to the PAP
including signed and witnessed asset inventories, photographs, and compensation calculations.
The MPW Compensation Committee will not resume compensation processing or payments
11
on specific cases unit a resolution has been achieved among all interested parties, including
the signing and witnessing of settlement agreements.
Special attention will be paid to vulnerable groups such as those experiencing extreme
poverty, female headed households, and the aged for whom loss of land/property could lead
to further hardship. In order to ensure that resettlement does not further exacerbate the
conditions of those groups, certain consideration will be given to them in consultation with
community representatives.
The basic principles for compensation are based on Liberian Laws and regulations stipulated
by state Authorities and as outlined in the JICA Guidelines. The compensation should be fair
and it includes the land as well as physical structures on land or crops and to ensure pre-
project standard of living and to consider all PAPs, legal or illegally occupying the land. The
principle also state that no land acquisition will take place prior to satisfactorily compensation
and resettlement of PAPs.
The schedule for implementing land acquisition and resettlement must be tied to
compensation schedule so as to allow time for impacted persons to resume their normal life.
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CHAPTER 4 MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK
It is the responsibility of the project proponent to conduct regular monitoring and evaluation
of the resettlement performance operation (if any). This is to verify that the valuation of asset
lost and compensation given has been carried out according to Liberian regulations and JICA
directives. If is also to verify that fund for compensation are used in accordance with the
Resettlement and Compensation Committee. Normally, compensation is decided by special
technical sub-committee selected by the Relocation and Compensation Committee including
representatives of the impacted persons. The Monitoring and Evaluation Unit within the
project in consultation and participation of local community representatives and the
Government as well as the Implementing Company is shouldering this responsibility. The
main indicators to be monitored and evaluated include:
(i) Compliance with approved regulations;
(ii) Payment or land compensation was carried out before implementation schedule; and
(iii) Information for grievance redress was made available to impacted persons.
4.2 Objectives
Monitoring and Evaluation (M & E) procedures will establish the effectiveness of all
resettlement activities, in addition to the measures designed to mitigate adverse socio-
economic impacts. The procedures include internal tracking efforts as well as external
monitoring provisions. The purpose of resettlement monitoring will be to verify that:
 Activities and commitments described in the RAP are implemented;
 Eligible people and affected communities receive their full compensation prior to the start
of project activities in the affected area;
 Ensure that the compensation measures help the people who sought cash compensation in
restoring their lost incomes;
 Complaints and grievances lodged by project affected person are followed up and, where
necessary appropriate corrective actions are taken; and
 Where necessary, changes in RAP procedure are made to improve delivery to entitlements
to project affected person (PAP).
The monitoring and evaluation activities and programs should be adequately funded and
staffed. In –house monitoring may need to be supplemented by independent monitors to
ensure complete and objective information. Accordingly, primary monitoring responsibility
rests with the project sponsor while overall responsibility rests on the MPW. However, the
MPW is expected, to work in cooperation with other governmental bodies (MLME, MPEA,
MHSW, EPA, MOJ, LRRRC, etc.) to ensure effective implementation.
13
4.3 RAP monitoring Framework
The purpose of monitoring is to provide project management, and directly affected persons,
households and communities, with timely, concise, indicative information on whether
compensation and resettlement activities are on track to achieve sustainable restoration and
improvement in the welfare of the affected people, or that course adjustments are needed.
The monitoring framework consists of three components:
(i) Internal monitoring by MPW;

(ii) Impact monitoring commissioned to specialized firms; and
(iii) RAP Completion Audit
The scope of each type of monitoring is briefly described in the following sections and in
Table 4.1along with the staffing, and resources needed for the monitoring program.
In order to effectively report on the effectiveness of the RAP implementation, the MPW will
monitor the following key indicators, in keeping with JICA requirements:
 Timely disbursement of compensation;

 Compensation disbursement to the correct parties;
 Public consultation and grievance procedures in place and functioning; and
 Physical progress of resettlement and rehabilitation, where applicable.
Monitoring will be based on indicators of change in:

 Delivery of Compensation;
 Resolution of grievances;
 Land assess;
 Increase or decrease in household assets;
 Social stability; and
 Human and environmental health.
Indicators will be in the form of:

 Done/not done, present/not present, achieved/not achieved etc.
 Easily measured, relevant quantities suitable for trend analysis; or
 Judgment of the affected people and their traditional authorities, as revealed by
participative socio-economic survey and interviews.
The MPW will provide feedback on RAP implementation and ensure that adverse impacts on
affected people are mitigated in timely manner. M & E will be the main mechanism to alert
14
project management of any delays and problems and will help measure the extent to which
the main objectives of the resettlement plan have been achieved. The Monitoring and
Evaluation (M& E) activities will be supplemented and verified by monitoring efforts of
experts specialized in resettlement issues or a government agency with the same function.
The establishment of appropriate indicators in the RAP is essential since what is measured is
what will be considered important. Key performance indicators for monitoring are commonly
divided into four categories for donor’s project:
(iv) Input:
Indicators include the resources in terms of people, equipment and materials that go into the
RAP. Example of input indicators in the RAP include: the sources and amounts of funding for
various RAP activities etc.
(v) Outputs:
Indicators concern the activities and services, which are produced with the inputs. Examples
of output indicators in the RAP include (a) a database for tracking individual compensation;
and (b) the payment of compensation for loss of land or assets.
(vi) Process:
Indicators represent the change in the quality and quantity of access and coverage of the
activities and services. Examples of process indicators in the RAP include: grievance
mechanisms; stakeholder channels; and information dissemination activities.
(vii) Outcome:
Indicators include the delivery of compensation and other mitigation to avoid economic and
physical displacement caused by the project. They measure whether compensation is paid and
received, whether the affected populations who preferred cash compensation to in-kind
resettlement assistance offered to them were able to use compensation payment for
sustainable livelihood. The most important indicators for the RAP in the near term concern
outputs, processes and outcomes since they define whether the planned level of effort is being
made and whether early implementation experience is being used to modify/redesign the RAP
features.
Over the medium to long term, outcome and impact indicators are critical since they ultimate
measure of the RAP’S effectiveness in restoring people’s livelihoods. Monitoring indicators
may have to be defined or re-defined during the course of the project in response to changes
to project –related conditions. Consequently, implementation and mitigation measures may
have to be adopted to incorporate these Changes into the Monitoring and Evaluation Plan.
15
4.4 Reporting
Progress will be reported for the following tasks in accordance with JICA guidelines:
 Internal monitoring;
 Expert/External Monitoring;
 Completion audit; and
 Compensation.
Table 4.1: RAP Monitoring Framework

Component Type of Sources of Responsibility Frequency/Audience
Activity Information/data data/information for data of Reporting
Collected collections method collection
analysis and
reporting
Internal Measurement of Quarterly narrative MPW RAP Semi annual or as
Performance input, process, status and Management required by the
Monitoring output and outcome compensation Team MPW RAP
indicators against disbursement management team
proposed timeline reports
and budget
including
compensation
disbursement
Impact Tracking Annual quantitative MPW including Annual
monitoring effectiveness of and qualitative panel of experts.
input against Surveys – Regular
baseline indicators public meetings
assessment of and other
affected people’s consultation with
satisfaction with project affected
input process and person; review of
output grievance
mechanism outputs
Completion Assessment that all External Contracted On completion of
audit components of the assessment/sign-off external auditing RAP timetable
RAP were report based on and evaluation
implemented with performance and auditor, panel of
comparison of the impact monitoring experts.
RAP situation reports independent
before and after surveys and
RAP consultation with
implementation affected persons.
4.5 Staff and Monitoring
The MPW will oversee all aspects of the monitoring and evaluation, review of internal
performance and impact monitoring. The MPW will be supported by representatives from
supporting agencies with appropriate skills to carry out:
 Project resettlement requirements as defined by the RAP;
16
 Gathering and presentation of monitoring indicators;
 Design and implementation of basic techniques for collecting information and feed from
project affected person; and
 Reporting requirements and formats
The MPW, in cooperation with other agencies will submit quarterly status reports and will be
responsible for the following monitoring tasks:
 Identify breaches of RAP plan, and recommend corrective action;
 Ensure relocation of all affected cultural assets such as shrines, graves if any;
 Verify that all affected persons are compensated fully prior to the start of road
construction or rehabilitation in affected areas; and
 Monitor performance of the project contractors with respect to land and assets not
compensated for.
The project will also establish mechanisms for participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (M &
E) consistent with JICA guidelines.
4.6 Internal performance monitoring
Performance monitoring is an internal management function that will allow the MPW
measure physical progress against milestones input and process output indicators established
in the RAP. To ensure independence of internal monitoring arrangements, the MPW RAP
Management Team will be absolved of other responsibilities.
(i) Types of Information/Data Collected

The information used in internal performance monitoring will include assessment of the
milestones outlined in Table 4.2 below.
(ii) Source of Information/Data Collection Methods

Performance monitoring of the RAP will be integrated into the overall project management to
ensure that the RAP activities are synchronized with all project implementation activities.
Various methods will be used to monitor progress against the milestones established the RAP.
Such:
 Interview of random sample of affected people, using open-ended discussions to assess

their knowledge and concerns regarding the land and asset acquisition process, their
entitlement and rehabilitation measures;
 Preparation and implementation of a socio-economic survey at the time of relocation with
affected owners/tenants to establish a baseline for subsequent monitoring;
 Update of baseline survey within 18 months of relocation;
17
 Public consultations with affected people at community level as well as in-depth
interviews with representatives of community leaders; and
 Case studies of grievances.
Information will be collected and compiled in the quarterly narrative status and compensation
disbursement reports
Table 4.2: Internal Performance Monitoring Milestones

Indicators Type Milestone
Input  Update Census of PAPs so that tenants, absentee owners, residents
of completed and partially completed homes are noted.
 An updated asset inventory of if more than a year elapse between
the cut off date and the declaration of the final decision and/or the
start of compensation payments.
 Socio-economic survey of affected households and tenants to
service as baseline for subsequent monitoring.
Output  Valuation and determination of compensation for affected assets
conducted in accordance with relevant legislative frameworks.
 Public meetings held: Consultations with PAP in project affected
area to be included in the project
Outcome and  Compensation payments disbursed: MPW will conduct a field check
Impact to verify that compensation payments have been received by
landowners, leaseholders and other users, and will confirm levels
and timing of payments.
 Grievance redress procedures in place and functioning MPW will
check the type of grievance issues and the functioning/effectiveness
of grievance redress mechanisms by reviewing the processing of
appeals at all levels, the outcomes of grievances and PAP
satisfaction with grievance procedures. As part of this, MPW will
interview aggrieved affected people.
 If chosen as a resettlement option, housing and related infrastructure
completed prior to the start of the construction and households are
left homeless after they have opted for cash compensation.
 Monitoring and Evaluation reports submitted.
(iii) Responsibility for Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting

The MPW working directly under the Project Director will have primary responsibility for the
implementation of all internal monitoring activities. Designated staff will collect relevant data
in a standardized format.
(iv) Frequency/Audience of Reporting

Performance monitoring reports for the MPW RAP team will be prepared at regular intervals
(bi-annually), beginning with the commencement of any activities related to resettlement,
including income restoration. The reports will summarize information that is collected and
compiled in the quarterly narrative status and compensation disbursement reports and
highlighting key issues that have arisen. As a result of the monitoring of inputs, processes,
18
outputs and outcomes of RAP activities, project management will be advised of necessary
improvements in the implementation of the RAP.
4.7 Impact Monitoring
Impact monitoring gauges the effectiveness of the RAP and its implementation in meeting the
needs of the affected population. The MPW will commission socio-economic impact
monitoring studies in consultation with the external and independent panel of Experts and
results will be reviewed. The results of impacts studies as well as internal monitoring efforts
will be available through the regular information outlets of MPW. Impact monitoring will
enable project management verify performance monitoring and identify adjustments in the
implementation of the RAP, required. The MPW will include, the affected persons in all
phases of impact monitoring, including the identification and measurement of baseline
indicators. Baseline has been established through asset inventories, land use assessments and
socio-economic assessment of PAPs and area affected by the project. Impact monitoring will
also review consultation and grievance mechanism outputs.
(i) Type of Information/Data Collected

To measure project impact and to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures, the MPW
will evaluate quantitative economic, public health and social indicators at the household
and/or individuals level.
Impact monitoring will be supplemented by the use of qualitative indicators to assess the
satisfaction of PAPs. This will allow the MPW to determine the extent to which quality of life
and livelihood has been restored and whether PAPs have experienced any hardship as a result
of the project.
(ii) Source of Information/Data Collection Methods

Impact monitoring data will be collected at appropriate intervals through qualitative and
quantitative surveys, and include a review of grievance mechanism outputs. MPW may intend
to directly consult with the affected populations through regular public meetings.
(iii) Responsibility for Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting

The MPW management team will have responsibility for the implementation of all internal
monitoring activities. Designated staff will collect and review relevant data in a standardized
format.
(iv) Frequency/Audience of Report

Impact monitoring data will be required to the MPW and relevant external agencies annually,
or as required. The monitoring will continue for two years beyond the completion of the
compensation process.
19
4.8 External Monitoring
The MPW internal monitoring activities will be supported by external monitoring of the RAP
independent panel of experts, which will conduct biannual evaluation of processes, outputs,
outcome, and impact indicators. These experts will have social and environmental impact
mitigation monitoring qualifications and can be selected from among the senior experts who
have contributed to the RAP preparation so that their knowledge and experience can be fully
utilized. Specially, the tasks of the panel will be to verify results of internal monitoring, by
field check of delivery of acquisition, compensation and rehabilitation measures, such as:
 Payment of compensation, including its levels and timing;
 Infrastructure repair and relocation;
 Housing reconstruction, if applicable;
 Land reinstatement and restoration;
 Enterprise relocation, compensation and its adequacy;
 Assess overall compliance with the RAP;
 Identify any areas of non-compliance and agreed corrective actions; and
 Verify that project affected person’s incomes and livelihoods have been restored or
enhanced, if income or livelihoods are affected by the resettlement action.
It is anticipated that the external monitoring auditor will conduct a range of activities in
support of evaluation, which may include the following:
 Interview a random sample of PAP in open –ended discussions to assess their knowledge
and concerns regarding the resettlement process, entitlements and rehabilitation measures;
 Participate as an observer in public consultation for PAP at the community level;
 Observe the functioning of resettlement operations such as income restoration activities to
asses its effectiveness and compliance with the RAP;
 Check the type of grievance issues and the functioning of the grievance redress
mechanisms by reviewing processing of appeals at all levels and interviewing aggrieved
PAPs;
 Survey the standards of living of the PAPs before and after implementation of resettlement
to assess whether the standards of living of the PAPs have improved or been maintained;
and
 Advise project manager regarding possible improvements in the implementation of the
PAP.
4.9 Completion Audit
JICA Guideline states that upon completion of the project, the proponent oversees an
assessment to determine whether the objectives of the resettlement instrument have been
achieved. The assessment tasks into account the baseline conditions and the impacts of
resettlement monitoring. If the assessment reveals that these objectives have not been realized,
20
the proponent proposes follow-up measures that may serve as the basis for JICA supervision,
as is deemed appropriate. An external auditor or the panel of Experts will undertake the
completion audit.
The audit will allow the MPW, legal authorities, lenders and external stakeholders to verify
that all physical inputs committed in the RAP have been delivered and all services provided,
and that compensation have been completed in compliance with JICA Guidelines. The audit
will also evaluate that the mitigation actions prescribed in the RAP have the desired effect.
The monitoring results will indicate the appropriateness of mitigation measures and
enhancement of affected person’s living conditions to pre-project standards. It may also
indicate the degree of satisfaction and changes of the affected persons’ attitude towards the
project.
21
CHAPTER 5 RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLANS (RAPS)
The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is intended to guide the preparation of

resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) during implementation of road Infrastructure project where
needed. As land is relatively plentiful and almost all villages, towns and cities have land
reserved for development activities and designated as town perimeter or reserve, no problem
arises in acquiring land for such social services. Since all the proposed activities under the
project are of a special interest to the communities and since the communities participate in
most of the procedures in assigning land for such services through the land acquisition
process it is expected that the process will proceed smoothly.
Despite the expected smooth process in acquiring land for the project, it is important to
provide procedures for the preparation of Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) in case needed in
other phases of the project.
Procedures for preparation of RAPs are detailed in Annex. Three (3) which outline the
minimum elements to be included. Beside the consideration of the policy and legal
requirements, RAP must survey the affected persons, their property and means of access to
resources and to determine types of assistance needed bearing in mind the resettlement
principles outlined in section (2.2). The RAP must identify compensation for loss of land,
compensation for houses, loss of employment, business and allowance for moving or any
other losses that may happen as the result of the project. In determining the extent of impacts
on affected persons, the compensation and Resettlement Committee as outlined in section
(4.2) will be responsible for planning, coordinating and monitoring compensation and
relocation activities and settle any grievances.
22
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 The Conclusions
Important legal frameworks in Liberia include the Land Acquisition Act of 1929, which
transferred most of the power on land to the states. The Constitution of Liberia established
Land Commissions at the tribal and county levels to resolve conflicts overland. Beside the
Constitution, there are a large number of Sectoral Laws dealing with land issues. All these
sectoral laws provide procedures and details regarding land acquisition and rules governing
assessment and payment of compensation.
Customary land tenure is still dominant in the targeted localities and is organized by
traditional leadership (Native Administration).
The Liberian legal requirements comply with the JICA Guidelines in the sense that both
require fair compensation for the impacted persons and set procedures to resolve conflicts
starting from the lowest level to the court of law. The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
suggests arrangements for monitoring and responsibility of the project to conduct such
monitoring in case of resettlement operation. Such monitoring must be participatory involving
local leaders and representatives of the impacted persons.
6.2 Recommendations
For smooth land acquisition, the following are recommended:
 Involvement of local leadership particularly Tribal Administration and County Officials

when selecting sites for public infrastructures;
 Pay attention to customary land tenure regulations;
 Obtain Consent of Tribal Authority to have a parcel of land deeded to the individual by the
Government;
 Apply to Land Commissioner in the County in which the land is located;
 Within Government lands, consider right of use given to local communities; and
 In deciding the market value of land, it is important to involve experienced persons to
decide on the land value
23
References
1. Asian Development Bank (2003) Guideline for the Preparation of a Resettlement Action Plan,
Ministry of Lasnd, Govjana Mandiraye, Sri Lanka.
2. CRS Report for Congress (2006), Liberia’s Post-War Recovery: Key Issues and Development,
2006
3. Davidson, F et al (1993), Relocation and Resettlement Manual: A guide to Managing and
Planning Relocation. Rotterdam: Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies.
4. Grosh, M.E, and P. Glewwe, Eds. (2000), Designing Household Survey Questionnaires for
Developing Countries. Washington DC, The World Bank and Oxford University Press.
5. IFC, Handbook for Preparing a Resettlement Action Plan
6. Liberian Rapid assessment social Development Notes 2006
7. Louis Berger Group INC, (2006), Resettlement Plan NHA Trang City, Coastal Cities
Environmental Sanitation Project, 2006
8. Planning Alliance, (2005), Resettlement Action Plan – Ahafo South Project, Newmont Ghana
Gold Limited, Ghana.
9. Uk Home Office Immigration and Nationality Directorate Country Assessment – Liberia
2007
10. UNDP, (1999), National Human Development Report of Liberia, 1999
11. UNDP, (1999), National Human Development Report, “Mobilizing Capacity for
Reconstruction and Development” , Liberia, 2006
12. UNDP, (2003), Poverty Profile in Liberia
13. UNDP (2006), First State of the Environment in Liberia Report for Liberia
14. UNDP, (2004), Desk Study on the Environment in Liberia, Switzerland.
15. West African Pipeline Company, (2004), Resettlement Action Plan – Nigeria
16. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA): Guidelines for Environmental and Social
considerations (2004).
24
Annex one
Land Acquisition Assessment Form

The Tool
1. Date: ___________________________________________________________
2. Home of the Assessor ______________________________________________
3. Title of the Assessor _______________________________________________
4. Affiliation _______________________________________________________
5. Name of the site __________________________________________________
6. Location (Village, town, city, and county) ______________________________
7. Size of the Project site: _____________________________________________
8. Status of the Project site ____________________________________________
(i) Public land with no use: _______________________________________
(ii) Public land with leased: _______________________________________
(iii) Community Land: ___________________________________________
(iv) Individual land: _____________________________________________
(v) Public land but squatted: ______________________________________
(vi) Other status (specify): ________________________________________
9. If public land with lease:

(i) Who is using the land (provide the name of the beneficiary and duration of the
lease: _____________________________________________________
(ii) What is the land used for?: ____________________________________
(iii) Is there any infrastructure? Yes No
(iv) If yes, specify: ______________________________________________
10. If community land

(i) What is the current use of the land? _____________________________
(ii) Who is currently using the land? ________________________________
(iv) If yes, specify: ______________________________________________
11. If individual private land:

(i) Identify the owner: __________________________________________
(ii) What is the current use of the land?:_____________________________
(iii) Who benefits presently from the land? (owner or leased to someone else)
__________________________________________________________
(iv) Is there any infrastructure? Yes No
(v) If yes, specify:______________________________________________
A1-1
12. If collective private land
(i) Who are the owner?___________________________________________
(ii) What is the current use of the land?_______________________________
(iii) Who benefits presently from the land? (owner or leased to someone
else?________________________________________________________
(iv) Is there any infrastructure? Yes No
(v) If yes, specify: ________________________________________________
13. If public land but squatted:

(i) Who are the squatter (s) (name, identify, and where she/he or they come from).
____________________________________________________________
(ii) What is the use of the land?______________________________________
(iii) Is there any infrastructure put in place by the squatters? Yes No
(iv) If yes, Specify:________________________________________________
14. If other
(i) What is land used for? __________________________________________
(ii) Who uses it? __________________________________________________
(iv) If yes, Specify:_________________________________________________
15. Conclusion/Recommendation:
The Assessor provides recommendation based on the findings:
(i) Land is free of claims; it is public with no use; state that the project can go
ahead: _______________________________________________________
(ii) If public land but leased, the Assessor should recommend that the beneficiaries
must get another lease or different site before the project status
(iii) If Community land or individual private land or collective private land and the
owners are donating the site on a voluntary basis, the Assessor should
recommend that owner (s) provide legalized and signed document showing their
good will to donate the land before the project status:
_____________________________________________________________
(iv) If community land or individual private land or collective private land and the
owner (s) or some of the owners are not willing to give the land Voluntary or
somehow unhappy, then the Assessor should recommend that the project be held
back until the problem is solved or an alternative site with no claims is provide:
_____________________________________________________________
(v) If public land is squatted, the Assessor should recommend the project to be held
back until a suitable solution found for the squatters including helping them find
another place to settle: ___________________________________________
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(vi) The Assessor could provide any other useful recommendation (s) including for
land with other status: ______________________________________________
16. Signature of the Assessor: _________________________________________________

(i) Date: ____________________________________________________________
17. Signature of Government Official: __________________________________________

(i) Official Seal: _____________________________________________________
(ii) Data: ____________________________________________________________
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Annex Two
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)
A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) should include, at a minimum, the elements outland below:
1. Introduction and Resettlement Problem

(i) Describe the project and its location. Identify the executing agency and person (s)
responsible for preparing the RAP, along with their qualifications.
(ii) Describe the project activities that will cause displacement and efforts made to reduce
the number of people displaced. Describe the site and the services currently available
(schools, houses of worship, public transportation, health posts, markets, etc.) and their
distance from the site.
2. Legal Framework
(i) Provide a brief review of local laws, regulations and procedures on land acquisition and
resettlement. Where gaps exist between local laws and World Bank policy, describe the
ways to bridge these gaps.
3. Survey of Affected Properties, Families and/or Businesses

(i) Collect data to complete Table 1, 2 and 3 below
(ii) Include additional information on dwelling value, Willingness to be resettled,
consultation meetings, etc.
4. Impact Caused by Displacement

(i) Provide the necessary level of detail to capture the extent of the impact of displacement.
At a minimum complete Table 4a. and 4b.
5. Proposed Assistance to Resettled Families

(i) Provide a detailed description of the types of assistance (e.g. compensation, resettlement
to new housing assistance for relocation) to be provide to hostess. Also describe the
terms of agreement with hostess and the willingness of hostess to work the discussed
assistance and timetable. In addition:
(ii) Describe how efforts will be made to restore or enhance incomes;
(iii) Describe how special attention will be given to people who are aged, invalids, single
mothers or otherwise in need of special assistance;
(iv) Describe how access to services will be restored or enhanced;
(v) Show how families or community groups will be preserved;
(vi) Describe measures to re-established socio-economic networks, and
(vii) Describe possible impacts on host groups and measures taken to avoid rejection or other
A2-1
negative reactions.
Using Table 5 below, identify the solutions agreed to with each hostess
6. Responsible Agency
Provide the name (s) of the entity that will be responsible for monitoring and implementation
of activities involved in implementing the RAP
7. Source of Budget and Cost Estimate

Include the cost of land, housing¸ moving costs, administrative costs, moving allowances, and
settle-in-allowances
8. Resettlement Schedule
Describe the resettlement schedule, including the activities involved, dates, and budget, along
with pertinent comments. Include any follow up activities to assess whether hostess have been
able to re-establish their livelihoods/living situation. This schedule should be tailored to
correspond to the schedule for design and construction of the road works, and should be
presented as in Table 6
9. Monitoring/Follow up Activities
Describe how the responsible agency will follow up the implementation of the RAP and
address activities required to achieve the goals of the RAP.
A2-2
10. Evaluation
Describe how evaluation of the RAP will be conducted. No later than 6-12 months after the
relocation date, the responsible agency should make reasonable efforts to locate and follow up
on the relocated families to determine if they have been able to re-establish their livelihoods
and living situation. If this is not the case for any or all of the persons relocated, further
assistance should be provided by the responsible agency.
11. Tables
Table #1 Property (Goods and Assets Affected)
Household Business Name of Plot area Description Uses of Level of Tenure Employme Comments
number number household of houses the effect, status (titled nt status of
2 head or and Property (Total, owner, all adults
Business construction (housing, partial, owner
Owner economic minimum) without
activity, 3 documents,
other) tenant share
cropper etc)
1. Households should be defined as commensal unit. i.e. people who eat out of the same pot.
2. Business should be defined as any economic activity
3. “Partial” in cases where family/business can develop activities involving listed goods and
assets; “total” where activities cannot be developed as a result of displacement.
4. If they are not owners, include the name and address of the owner.
Table #2: Socio-economic characteristics of families

Household Name of Number of Number of Number of Number Sources Place of Means of Comments
number household persons in less than audits of of work or transport to
head household 13 yrs of more than students income study and place of study/
age 60 years distance workplace
of age
Table #3: Socio-economic characteristics of Business

Business Name of Age of Type of Number Monthly Destination Place of Duration of Comments
number Business Business activity of Income of selling existence of
Owner Owner employees average production business in
affected
location
A2-3
Table #4a: Impacts Caused by Displacement (Households)
Household Loss of Loss of Loss or Loss or Loss of Loss of Loss of social Comments
number land house decrease difficulty of access to access to networks
of income access to health public
education services service
services
Table #4b: Impacts Caused by Displacement (Business)

Business Loss of Loss of Loss or Loss of economic Comments
number land Business place decrease of networks
income
Table #5: Agreed Solutions

Household or Business Resettlement Solution Comments
number
Table #6: Resettlement Schedule

Activities Dates Budget Comments
Planning of census and survey
Information to people affected
Conduct census and socio-economic
surveys
Analysis of data and identification of
impacts
Definition of assistance measure
Relocation/Assistance
Follow –up visit by responsible agency
A2-4
Appendix 4: Environmental Guidelines for Contractors
General
1 In addition to these general conditions, the Contractor shall comply with any specific
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) or Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for
the works he is responsible for. The Contractor shall inform himself about such an EMP, and prepare
his work strategy and plan to fully take into account relevant provisions of that EMP. If the Contractor
fails to implement the approved EMP after written instruction by the Supervising Engineer (SE) to
fulfill his obligation within the requested time, the Owner reserves the right to arrange through the SE
for execution of the missing action by a third party on account of the Contractor.
2 Notwithstanding the Contractor’s obligation under the above clause, the Contractor shall implement
all measures necessary to avoid undesirable adverse environmental and social impacts wherever
possible, restore work sites to acceptable standards, and abide by any environmental performance
requirements specified in an EMP. In general these measures shall include but not be limited to:
a) Minimize the effect of dust on the surrounding environment resulting from earth mixing sites,
asphalt mixing sites, dispersing coal ashes, vibrating equipment, temporary access roads, etc. to
ensure safety, health and the protection of workers and communities living
in the vicinity dust producing activities.
b) Ensure that noise levels emanating from machinery, vehicles and noisy construction activities (e.g.
excavation, blasting) are kept at a minimum for the safety, health and protection of workers within
the vicinity of high noise levels and nearby communities.
c) Ensure that existing water flow regimes in rivers, streams and other natural or irrigation channels
is maintained and/or re-established where they are disrupted due to works being carried out.
d) Prevent bitumen, oils, lubricants and waste water used or produced during the execution
of works from entering into rivers, streams, irrigation channels and other natural water
bodies/reservoirs, and also ensure that stagnant water in uncovered borrow pits is treated
in the best way to avoid creating possible breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
e) Prevent and minimize the impacts of quarrying, earth borrowing, piling and building of temporary
construction camps and access roads on the biophysical environment including protected areas
and arable lands; local communities and their settlements. In as much as possible
restore/rehabilitate all sites to acceptable standards.
f) Upon discovery of ancient heritage, relics or anything that might or believed to be of
archaeological or historical importance during the execution of works, immediately report such
findings to the SE so that the appropriate authorities may be expeditiously contacted for
fulfillment of the measures aimed at protecting such historical or archaeological resources.
g) Discourage construction workers from engaging in the exploitation of natural resources such as
hunting, fishing, and collection of forest products or any other activity that might have a negative
impact on the social and economic welfare of the local communities.
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h) Implement soil erosion control measures in order to avoid surface run off and prevents siltation,
etc.
i) Ensure that garbage, sanitation and drinking water facilities are provided in construction worker
camps.
j) Ensure that, in as much as possible, local materials are used to avoid importation of foreign
material and long distance transportation.
k) Ensure public safety, and meet traffic safety requirements for the operation of work to avoid
accidents.
l) Ensure construction vehicles and other motorized equipment are well maintained to minimize
emissions
m) Install barriers, filter strips and diversions to prevent sedimentation of drainage channels and
water ways
3. The Contractor shall indicate the period within which he/she shall maintain status on site after
completion of civil works to ensure that significant adverse impacts arising from such works have
been appropriately addressed.
4. The Contractor shall adhere to the proposed activity implementation schedule and the monitoring plan
/strategy to ensure effective feedback of monitoring information to project management so that impact
management can be implemented properly, and if necessary, adapt to changing and unforeseen
conditions.
5. Besides the regular inspection of the sites by the SE for adherence to the contract conditions and
specifications, the Owner may appoint an Inspector to oversee the compliance with these
environmental conditions and any proposed mitigation measures. State environmental authorities may
carry out similar inspection duties. In all cases, as directed by the SE, the Contractor shall comply
with directives from such inspectors to implement measures required to ensure the adequacy
rehabilitation measures carried out on the bio-physical environment and compensation for socio-
economic disruption resulting from implementation of any works.
Worksite/Campsite Waste Management
6. All vessels (drums, containers, bags, etc.) containing oil/fuel/surfacing materials and other hazardous
chemicals shall be banded in order to contain spillage. All waste containers, litter and any other waste
generated during the construction shall be collected and disposed off at designated disposal sites in
line with applicable government waste management regulations.
7 All drainage and effluent from storage areas, workshops and camp sites shall be captured and treated
before being discharged into the drainage system in line with applicable government water pollution
control regulations.
8 Used oil from maintenance shall be collected and disposed off appropriately at designated sites or be
re-used or sold for re-use locally.
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9 Entry of runoff to the site shall be restricted by constructing diversion channels or holding structures
such as banks, drains, dams, etc. to reduce the potential of soil erosion and water pollution.
10 Construction waste shall not be left in stockpiles along the road, but removed and reused or disposed
of on a daily basis.
11 If disposal sites for clean spoil are necessary, they shall be located in areas, approved by the SE, of
low land use value and where they will not result in material being easily washed into drainage
channels. Whenever possible, spoil materials should be placed in low-lying areas and should be
compacted and planted with species indigenous to the locality.
Material Excavation and Deposit
12 The Contractor shall obtain appropriate licenses/permits from relevant authorities to operate quarries
or borrow areas.
13 The location of quarries and borrow areas shall be subject to approval by relevant local and national
authorities, including traditional authorities if the land on which the quarry or borrow areas fall in
traditional land.
14 New extraction sites:
a) Shall not be located in the vicinity of settlement areas, cultural sites, wetlands or any other valued
ecosystem component, or on high or steep ground or in areas of high scenic value, and shall not
be located less than 1km from such areas.
b) Shall not be located adjacent to stream channels wherever possible to avoid siltation of river
channels. Where they are located near water sources, borrow pits and perimeter drains shall
surround quarry sites.
c) Shall not be located in archaeological areas. Excavations in the vicinity of such areas shall
proceed with great care and shall be done in the presence of government authorities having a
mandate for their protection
d) Shall not be located in forest reserves. However, where there are no other alternatives,
permission shall be obtained from the appropriate authorities and an environmental impact study
shall be conducted.
e) Shall be easily rehabilitated. Areas with minimal vegetation cover such as flat and bare ground, or
areas covered with grass only or covered with shrubs less than 1.5m in height, are preferred.
f) Shall have clearly demarcated and marked boundaries to minimize vegetation clearing.
15 Vegetation clearing shall be restricted to the area required for safe operation of construction work.
Vegetation clearing shall not be done more than two months in advance of operations.
16 Stockpile areas shall be located in areas where trees can act as buffers to prevent dust pollution.
Perimeter drains shall be built around stockpile areas. Sediment and other pollutant traps shall be
located at drainage exits from workings.
17 The Contractor shall deposit any excess material in accordance with the principles of these general
conditions, and any applicable EMP, in areas approved by local authorities and/or the SE.
A4-3
18 Areas for depositing hazardous materials such as contaminated liquid and solid materials shall be
approved by the SE and appropriate local and/or national authorities before the commencement of work.
Use of existing, approved sites shall be preferred over the establishment of new sites.
Rehabilitation and Soil Erosion Prevention
19 To the extent practicable, the Contractor shall rehabilitate the site progressively so that the rate of
rehabilitation is similar to the rate of construction.
20 Always remove and retain topsoil for subsequent rehabilitation. Soils shall not be stripped when they
are wet as this can lead to soil compaction and loss of structure.
21 Topsoil shall not be stored in large heaps. Low mounds of no more than 1 to 2m high are
recommended.
22 Re-vegetate stockpiles to protect the soil from erosion, discourage weeds and maintain an active
population of beneficial soil microbes.
23 Locate stockpiles where they will not be disturbed by future construction activities.
24 To the extent practicable, reinstate natural drainage patterns where they have been altered or impaired.
25 Remove toxic materials and dispose of them in designated sites. Backfill excavated areas with soils or
overburden that is free of foreign material that could pollute groundwater and soil.
26 Identify potentially toxic overburden and screen with suitable material to prevent mobilization of
toxins.
27 Ensure reshaped land is formed so as to be inherently stable, adequately drained and suitable for the
desired long-term land use, and allow natural regeneration of vegetation.
28 Minimize the long-term visual impact by creating landforms that are compatible with the adjacent
landscape.
29 Minimize erosion by wind and water both during and after the process of reinstatement.
30 Compacted surfaces shall be deep ripped to relieve compaction unless subsurface conditions dictate
otherwise.
31 Re-vegetate with plant species that will control erosion, provide vegetative diversity and, through
succession, contribute to a resilient ecosystem. The choice of plant species for rehabilitation shall be
done in consultation with local research institutions, forest department and the local people. Water
Resources Management
32 The Contractor shall at all costs avoid conflicting with water demands of local communities.
33 Abstraction of both surface and underground water shall only be done with the consultation of the
local community and after obtaining a permit from the relevant Water Authority.
34 Abstraction of water from wetlands shall be avoided. Where necessary, authority has to be obtained
from relevant authorities.
35 Temporary damming of streams and rivers shall be done in such a way avoids disrupting water
supplies to communities down stream, and maintains the ecological balance of the river system.
36 No construction water containing spoils or site effluent, especially cement and oil, shall be allowed
to flow into natural water drainage courses.
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37 Wash water from washing out of equipment shall not be discharged into water courses or road drains.
38 Site spoils and temporary stockpiles shall be located away from the drainage system, and surface run
off shall be directed away from stockpiles to prevent erosion.
Traffic Management
39 Location of access roads/detours shall be done in consultation with the local community especially in
important or sensitive environments. Access roads shall not traverse wetland areas.
40 Upon the completion of civil works, all access roads shall be ripped and rehabilitated.
41 Access roads shall be sprinkled with water at least five times a day in settled areas, and three times in
unsettled areas, to suppress dust emissions.
Disposal of Unusable Elements
42 Unusable materials and construction elements such as electro-mechanical equipment, pipes,

accessories and demolished structures will be disposed of in a manner approved by the SE. The
Contractor has to agree with the SE which elements are to be surrendered to the Client’s premises,
which will be recycled or reused, and which will be disposed of at approved landfill sites.
43 As far as possible, abandoned pipelines shall remain in place. Where for any reason no alternative
alignment for the new pipeline is possible, the old pipes shall be safely removed and stored at a safe
place to be agreed upon with the SE and the local authorities concerned.
44 AC-pipes as well as broken parts thereof have to be treated as hazardous material and disposed of as
specified above.
45 Unsuitable and demolished elements shall be dismantled to a size fitting on ordinary trucks for
transport.
Health and Safety
46 In advance of the construction work, the Contractor shall mount an awareness and hygiene campaign.
Workers and local residents shall be sensitized on health risks particularly of AIDS.
47 Adequate road signs to warn pedestrians and motorists of construction activities, diversions, etc. shall
be provided at appropriate points.
48 Construction vehicles shall not exceed maximum speed limit of 40km per hour.
Repair of Private Property
49 Should the Contractor, deliberately or accidentally, damage private property, he shall repair the
property to the owner’s satisfaction and at his own cost. For each repair, the Contractor shall obtain
from the owner a certificate that the damage has been made good satisfactorily in order to indemnify
the Client from subsequent claims.
A4-5
50 In cases where compensation for inconveniences, damage of crops etc. are claimed by the owner, the
Client has to be informed by the Contractor through the SE. This compensation is in general settled
under the responsibility of the Client before signing the Contract. In unforeseeable cases, the
respective administrative entities of the Client will take care of compensation.
Contractor’s Health, Safety and Environment Management Plan (HSE-MP)
51 Within 6 weeks of signing the Contract, the Contractor shall prepare an EHS-MP to ensure the
adequate management of the health, safety, environmental and social aspects of the works, including
implementation of the requirements of these general conditions and any specific requirements of an
EMP for the works. The Contractor’s EHS-MP will serve two main purposes:
 For the Contractor, for internal purposes, to ensure that all measures are in place for adequate
HSE management, and as an operational manual for his staff.
 For the Client, supported where necessary by a SE, to ensure that the Contractor is fully
prepared for the adequate management of the HSE aspects of the project, and as a basis for
monitoring of the Contractor’s HSE performance.
52 The Contractor’s EHS-MP shall provide at least:
 a description of procedures and methods for complying with these general environmental
management conditions, and any specific conditions specified in an EMP;
 a description of specific mitigation measures that will be implemented in order to minimize
adverse impacts;
 a description of all planned monitoring activities (e.g. sediment discharges from borrow
areas) and the reporting thereof; and
 the internal organizational, management and reporting mechanisms put in place for such.
53 The Contractor’s EHS-MP will be reviewed and approved by the Client before start of the works.
This review should demonstrate if the Contractor’s EHS-MP covers all of the identified impacts, and
has defined appropriate measures to counteract any potential impacts.
HSE Reporting
54 The Contractor shall prepare bi-weekly progress reports to the SE on compliance with these general
conditions, the project EMP if any, and his own EHS-MP. An example format for a Contractor HSE
report is given below. It is expected that the Contractor’s reports will include information on:
 HSE management actions/measures taken, including approvals sought from local or national
authorities;
 Problems encountered in relation to HSE aspects (incidents, including delays, cost consequences,
etc. as a result thereof);
 Lack of compliance with contract requirements on the part of the Contractor;
 Changes of assumptions, conditions, measures, designs and actual works in relation to HSE
aspects; and
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 Observations, concerns raised and/or decisions taken with regard to HSE management during site
meetings.
55 It is advisable that reporting of significant HSE incidents be done “as soon as practicable”. Such
incident reporting shall therefore be done individually. Also, it is advisable that the Contractor keeps
his own records on health, safety and welfare of persons, and damage to property. It is advisable to
include such records, as well as copies of incident reports, as appendixes to the biweekly reports.
Example formats for an incident notification and detailed report are given below. Details of HSE
performance will be reported to the Client through the SE’s reports to the Client.
Training of Contractor’s Personnel
56 The Contractor shall provide sufficient training to his own personnel to ensure that they are all aware
of the relevant aspects of these general conditions, any project EMP, and his own EHS-MP, and are
able to fulfill their expected roles and functions. Specific training should be provided to those
employees that have particular responsibilities associated with the implementation of the EHS-MP.
General topics should be:
 HSE in general (working procedures);
 emergency procedures; and
 social and cultural aspects (awareness raising on social issues).
Cost of Compliance
57 It is expected that compliance with these conditions is already part of standard good workmanship and
state of art as generally required under this Contract. The item “Compliance with Environmental
Management Conditions” in the Bill of Quantities covers these costs. No other payments will be made
to the Contractor for compliance with any request to avoid and/or mitigate an avoidable HSE impact.
A4-7

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MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS

THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA

THE MASTER PLAN STUDY

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SURVEY

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD.

THE MASTER PLAN STUDY

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SURVEY

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD.

The Government of Liberia is undertaking extensive road rehabilitation/construction Projects to construct

Purpose and Need

Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

Public and Site Stakeholder Participation and Comments

Description of Proposed Action

Alternatives to Proposed Action

1. It will not be consistent with the long-term objective of reducing congestion.

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING/IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

LAND USE SETTING

Air Quality, Noise & Vibration

Anticipated Environmental Impact

24 Waste B B B B waste from

SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY WITHIN ROW

Survey Methodology and Approach

ADVERSE IMPACTS ON PAPS BY THE PROJECT

Site Stakeholders Meetings

Freeport of Monrovia to Battery Factory Junction - December 5, 2009 at 12:00 p.m. at

THE MESURADO WETLAND

The Impacts on the Mesurado Wetland

Liberia as a Contracting Party to the Ramsar Convention on Wetland of International Importance is

Recommendation for Strategic Priorities for Clean-up and Remediation

FRAME OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Objective of the EMP

・To describe and assess the existing environment likely to be impacted;

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)

The Resettlement Policy Framework includes:

RECOMMENDATION TO THE GOVERNMENT OF LIBERIA

① To establish inter-ministerial organization which is solely responsible for involuntary

1.1 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROJECT ..................................................... 1-1

CHAPTER 2 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES........................................................ 2-1

2.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION.......................................................... 2-1

CHAPTER 3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT OF THE PROJECT AREA........................................ 3-1

3.1 TOPOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 3-1

CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION ....................................................................... 4-1

4.1 Anticipated Environmental Impact........................................................................ 4-1

CHAPTER 5 SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY WITHIN ROW .......................................... 5-1

5.1 SURVEY METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH ............................................... 5-1

CHAPTER 6 GENERAL PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION .......................... 6-1

6.1 SCOPING PROCESS............................................................................................ 6-1

CHAPTER 7 THE MESURADO WETLAND................................................................................. 7-1

7.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 7-1

CHAPTER 8 FRAME OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................... 8-1

8.1 BACKGOUND OF THE ANTICIPATED EMP .................................................. 8-1

CHAPTER 9 RECOMMENDATION TO THE GOVERNMENT OF LIBERIA............................ 9-1

Table 3-1 Water quality of Project area.................................................................................... 3-5

Table 4-1 Anticipated adverse impact by proposed Project ..................................................... 4-3

Table 5-1 Age groups of PAPs................................................................................................. 5-2

Table 6-1 Schedule of stakeholders (community) meetings..................................................... 6-2

Table 7-1 Mesurado River water analysis ................................................................................ 7-4

Figure 1-1 Map showing location of the Project area................................................................ 1-2