8 Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF OLONGAPO CITY

Guided Learning Activity Sheets

MEDIA ARTS 8
Quarter 1 – Week 2
(Identifies the Terminologies, Techniques
and Processes of Photography )

Health – Grade 8
Guided Learning Activity Sheet
Title:
Quarter 1- Week 2

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I. What I Need to Know?

A. Content Standards
Demonstrates understanding of the concepts and principles of photography.
B. Performance Standards
Captures images that can effectively communicate an idea, message or
emotion while utilizing the basic shooting techniques
C. Most Essential Learning Competencies
Identifies the terminologies, techniques and processes of photography
(SPA_MA-BP8-Ib-2)

At the end of this Learning Activity Sheet, you are expected to:
• Identifies the common photography terms for beginners
• Apply basic photography techniques
• Create a portfolio of own photographs

II. What I Know?

Pre-test

Direction: Answer the questions below. Write your answer in your notebook.

________1. What is Photography ?

a. Photography is the art
b. Photography is the Picture
c. Photography is the Place
d. Photography is the work

________2. What is its practice ?

a. Durable images
b. creating durable images by recording light
c. Nothing
d. All of the Above

________3. What is the lens used for ?

a. For Focusing
b. lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image
on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.
c. Lens are used to take a video
d. All of the above

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________4. What is a Camera ?
a. A device used for taking pictures
b. a device for recording visual images in the form of photographs, film, or video
signals
c. All of the above
d. None of the above

________5. What is Aperture?

a. The size or diameter of the opening in a lens through which light travels.
b. The distance the image is in focus from front to back.
c. The length of time the shutter is open.
d. None of the above

________6. What is Depth of Field?

a. The quality of out-of-focus areas.
b. The distance the image is in focus from front to back.
c. The amount of light per unit area reaching the sensor.
d. None of the above

________7. What is Exposure?

a. The amount of light per unit area reaching the sensor.
b. The amplification of sensor data after an image is taken, or setting that
determines how bright or dark a photo will be.
c. Random variations in color and brightness info in an image.
d. None of the above

________8. What is The Rule of Thirds?

a. Is a guideline for composing visual images.
b. Divides a canvas into 9 equal parts.
c. Implies that your subject should be placed along the 9 lines or their intersections
d. All of these

________9. Which color is a cool?

a. Yellow
b. Blue
c. Orange
d. Red

________10. Which color is a warm?

a. Blue
b. Green
c. Yellow
d. Purple

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III. What’s In?

About Photography

Photography is the art, application, and practice of creating durable images by

recording light, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by
means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.
About the Lens
Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real
image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure.

About the camera

a device for recording visual images in the form of photographs, film, or video
signals.

IV. What’s New?

Lesson
Terminologies, Techniques and Processes of
1 Photography

Direction: Using your mobile phone or whatever camera you have at home conduct
the following photo experiments then answer the processing questions. Write your
answer in your notebook.

Photo experiment 1
Take a photo of yourself inside a semi-lit room or fluorescent-lit room. Examine your
‘selfie’. Describe it in 2 to 3 sentences.

Photo experiment 2
Go outside your backyard or garden or by the doorstep of your home at 10:00 AM. Take
a photo of yourself. Examine your ‘selfie’. Describe it in 2 to 3 sentences.

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Complete the table. Enumerate the similarities and differences of the two photos.

PHOTO 1 PHOTO 2

Differences

Similarities

V. What is It?

Aperture
o It is the size of the opening in the lens. Think of the lens as a window—large
windows or wide angles let in more light, while small windows let in less light.
o It is one of three camera settings that determine an image’s exposure, or how light
or dark it is.

https://photographylife.com/what-is-aperture-in-photography

• f/1.4 – This one is great for low light situations. It also gives a shallow depth of
field. Best used on a shallow subject or for bokeh effect.
• f/2 – This range has much the same uses, but an f/2 lens can be picked up for a
third of the price of an f/1.4 lens.
• f/2.8 – Still good for low light situations, but allows for more definition in facial
features due to a deeper depth of field. Good zoom lenses usually have this as
their widest aperture.
• f/4 – Autofocus can be temperamental. This is a safe aperture setting you’d
want to use for portrait photography for nice and more detailed portraits. You
risk the face going out of focus with wider apertures.
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 • f/5.6 – Good for photos of one or two people but not very good in low light
conditions though. Here, use a bounce flash if you have one.
• f/8 – This is good for large groups as it will ensure that everyone remains in focus.
• f/11 – More often than not, here is where your lens will be at its sharpest. Good
starting aperture for landscape photography and also high-detailed portraits of
your subject.
• f/16 – Shooting in the sun requires a small aperture, making this a good ‘go-to’
point for these conditions.
• f/22 – Best for landscape photography where you want noticeable detail on
your subject and the background too.

Aspect Ratio
o Aspect ratio
is simply the ratio of
the height to width.

o You can
change the aspect
ratio in your
camera if you
know how you’d
like to print your
image, or you can
crop your photo
when you edit it to
the right ratio.

https://photographylife.com/aspect-ratio

Bokeh
Bokeh (pronounced bok-uh or bo-
kay) is all about the blur in a photo,
and, more specifically, the quality of
that blur. The term comes from the
Japanese word boke, which means
blur.

o Bokeh can sometimes refer to

background blur in it’s entirety, but
the term is also often used to refer to
the circular orbs created by out of
focus light. Sometimes, this light is
obvious, like unfocused Christmas
lights, while other times the lights may be more subtle — sunlight filtering through
leaves or even reflecting off a surface can also create circular bokeh.
o The more the background (or foreground) is blurred, the more likely it is that you’ll
capture circular bokeh. Shooting with a fast lens with a wide open aperture helps
to create bokeh, but so does getting up close to a subject and keeping the focal
point far away from anything else in the background.
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Burst Mode

o You can take photos one at a

time. Burst speeds differ based on what
camera or film camera you own, some
are faster than others.

Depth of Field

o Refers to how much of the image is in focus. The camera will focus on one
distance, but there’s a range of distance in front and behind that point that stays
sharp—that’s depth of field.
o Portraits often have a soft, unfocused background—this is a shallow depth of field.
o Landscapes, on the other hand, often have more of the image in focus—this is a
large depth of field, with a big range of distance that stays sharp.

Exposure

o It is how light or dark an image is. An image is created when the camera sensor
(or film strip) is exposed to light—that’s where the term originates.
o A dark photo is considered underexposed, or it wasn’t exposed to enough light;
o A light photo is overexposed or exposed to too much light.
o It is controlled through aperture, shutter speed and ISO.

Exposure Compensation

o It is a way to tell the camera that you’d like the exposure to be lighter or darker.
o It can be used on some automated modes and semi-automated modes like
aperture priority. It’s measured in stops of light, with negative numbers resulting in
a darker image and positive ones creating a brighter shot.

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File Format

o The file format is how your camera lens will record the image or image file. Raw
files contain more information than JPGs, which makes them more suitable for
photo editing in various editing software.

Focal Length

o It describes the distance in millimeters between the lens and the image it forms on
the film.
o It informs the angle of view (how much of what is being shot will be captured) and
the magnification (how large things will appear).
o Essentially, the focal length is how ‘zoomed in’ your images will appear.

Focus

o Something that is in focus is sharp, while an object

that is out-of-focus isn’t sharp.
o Different focus areas determine if the camera is
focusing on multiple points or one user-selected point.

Flash Sync

o The flash is a burst of light—flash sync determines when the flash fires. Normally,
the flash fires at the beginning of the photo, but changing the flash sync mode
adjusts when that happens. The rear curtain flash sync mode, for example, fires
the flash at the end of the photo instead of the beginning.

ISO
o It determines how sensitive the camera is to light.
For example, an ISO of 100 means the camera isn’t very sensitive—great for
shooting in the daylight. An ISO 3200 means the camera is very sensitive to light,
so you can use that higher ISO for getting shots in low light. The trade off is that
images at high ISOs appear to be grainy and have less detail.
o ISO is balanced with aperture and shutter speed to get a proper exposure.

RAW or Raw File

o RAW is a file type that gives the photographer more control over photo editing.
o RAW is considered a digital negative, where the default JPEG file type has already
been processed a bit.
o RAW requires special software to open, however, while JPEG is more universal.
Typically, it’s better to shoot in RAW because the image retains more quality
making it better for editing.
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 Long Exposure
o It is an image that has been exposed for a
long time or uses a long shutter speed. This
technique is useful for shooting still objects in
low light (used often by landscape
photographers), or rendering moving objects
into an artistic blur.

Manual
o Manual mode allows the photographer to set the exposure instead of having the
camera do it automatically.
o In manual, you choose the aperture, shutter speed and ISO, and those choices
affect how light or dark the image is.
o Semi-manual modes include:
o aperture priority (where you only choose the aperture)
o shutter priority (where you only choose the shutter speed)
and programed auto (where you choose a combination of aperture and
shutter speed together instead of setting them individually).
o Manual can also refer to manual focus, or focusing yourself instead of using the
autofocus.

VI.What’s More?
My First Photography Portfolio!
Direction: Use your camera or mobile phone to take photos. Capture two photos to
apply the techniques provided on the table below then write a caption for each
photo. Submit a digital copy or printed copy of your porfolio to your teacher.

Any aspect ratio

Depth of field

Bokeh

Focus

Burst Mode

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VII.What I Have Learned?

Direction: Use the letters below to create an acrostic. Write your answer in your
notebook.

P-
H-
O-
T-
O-
G-
R-
A-
P-
H-
Y-

IX. Assessment
A. Match the terms in Column A to its meaning in Column B. Write your answer in your
notebook.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. ISO a. considered a digital negative

2. JPG b. determines how sensitive the camera is to light
3. Aspect Ratio c. use to crop photo to the right ratio.
4. Shutter d. a device through which the lens aperture of a camera
5. Flash sync is opened to admit light
6. Camera Lens e. how light or dark an image is.
7. Aperture f. the size of the opening in the lens
8. Exposure g. how ‘zoomed in’ an image will appear
9. Focal length h. determines when the flash fires
10. RAW i. a tool used to bring light to a fixed focal point
j. a digital image format

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References
Article title: 25 Common Photography Terms Beginners Need to Know
Website title: CreativeLive Blog
URL: https://www.creativelive.com/blog/common-photography-terms/
Article title: How to Create a Bokeh Background in your Photography
Website title: CreativeLive
https://www.creativelive.com/photography-guides/creating-bokeh-
backgrounds?via=photography-guide-hub-
URL:
freeform_2?utm_source=creativeLIVE&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=photo-
video_common-photography-terms&utm_content=text_link
Article title: What is Aperture? (And Why it Matters in Photography!)
Website title: ExpertPhotography
URL: https://expertphotography.com/how-to-understand-aperture-5-simple-steps/

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