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ATA 32 - Landing Gear

BD-500-1A10
BD-500-1A11
32 - Landing Gear

Table of Contents
32-00 Introduction...................................................................32-2
Landing Gear ...................................................................32-4
Extension and Retraction System ....................................32-6
Extension and Retraction System Actuators ...............32-8
Landing Gear Indicating System ...................................32-10
Wheels and Brakes ........................................................32-12
Wheels .......................................................................32-12
Brakes........................................................................32-16
Nosewheel Steering System .........................................32-18
Controls and Indications ................................................32-20
Flight Deck Controls...................................................32-20
External Controls .......................................................32-22
Indications..................................................................32-24
Safety ............................................................................32-26

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32 - Landing Gear

List of Figures
Figure 1: Landing Gear Systems..........................................32-3
Figure 2: Landing Gear.........................................................32-5
Figure 3: Extension and Retraction System .........................32-7
Figure 4: Extension and Retraction System Actuators .........32-9
Figure 5: Landing Gear Indication System .........................32-11
Figure 6: Wheels and Tires ................................................32-13
Figure 7: Tire Pressure Indication System .........................32-15
Figure 8: Brake Control System .........................................32-17
Figure 9: Nosewheel Steering System ...............................32-19
Figure 10: Landing Gear Controls - Flight Deck ...................32-21
Figure 11: External Park Brake Controls and
Towing Indications...............................................32-23
Figure 12: Landing Gear Indications ....................................32-25
Figure 13: Safety ..................................................................32-27

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Page Intentionally Left Blank

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LANDING GEAR - CHAPTER BREAKDOWN
LANDING GEAR CHAPTER BREAKDOWN

Landing Gear
Main Landing Gear and Doors
Indicating System
1 4

Nose Landing Gear and Doors Wheels and Brakes


2 5

Extension and Retraction Nosewheel Steering System


3 6
32 - Landing Gear
32-00 Introduction

32-00 INTRODUCTION

The landing gear system includes the following subsystems:


• Main landing gear and doors
• Nose landing gear and doors
• Extension and retraction
• Landing gear indicating system (LGIS)
• Wheels and brakes
• Nosewheel steering system (NWS)

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32 - Landing Gear
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LANDING
GEAR

MAIN NOSE
LANDING LANDING EXTENSION
GEAR AND GEAR AND AND
DOORS DOORS RETRACTION

LANDING
GEAR WHEELS NOSEWHEEL
INDICATING AND STEERING
SYSTEM BRAKES SYSTEM

CS1_CS3_3200_065
Figure 1: Landing Gear Systems

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32 - Landing Gear
32-00 Introduction

LANDING GEAR
The landing gear is used for taxi, takeoff, and landing operations, and Each gear assembly has two wheel and tire assemblies. All six wheels
supports the weight of the aircraft on the ground. have remote tire pressure monitoring systems. Although the main
landing gear tires are identical, the hub of the CS300 main wheel is
The landing gear is a tricycle type arrangement. The main landing gear
heavier to support the larger aircraft. Main tire pressures are also higher
retracts inboard. The nose landing gear retracts forward.
on the CS300 aircraft.
The CS300 main landing gear has been strengthened to support a
The NWS system provides nosewheel control during ground operations.
heavier aircraft.
All landing gear doors are mechanically linked to the landing gear and
aircraft structure. When the gear is retracted, the nosewheel bay is fully
enclosed by the doors, while the main wheel tires remain partially
exposed.
The landing gear is electrically controlled through two landing gear and
steering control units (LGSCUs).
Retraction and normal extension of the landing gear is hydraulically
powered from hydraulic system no. 1. An alternate extension system
provides an alternate means to extend the landing gear without hydraulic
pressure.
The landing gear indicating system (LGIS) uses proximity sensors for
weight-off-wheels (WOFFW) sensing and position sensing. This
information is used in landing gear retraction and extension, and
nosewheel steering (NWS). The LGIS also monitors the position of flight
control surfaces and aircraft doors. Indication is provided on the engine
indication and crew alerting system (EICAS) for landing gear position
and position of flight controls and aircraft doors.
An all-electric brake system features carbon discs for high-energy
absorption. The brake system includes normal, alternate, autobrake, and
park brake functions. A brake temperature monitoring system provides
flight deck indication of brake temperature. Flight deck indication is also
provided for brake wear.
The CS300 has larger brakes to support the heavier aircraft weight upon
landing.

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32 - Landing Gear
32-00 Introduction

NOTE Landing Gear


Indicating System Extension and
A220-300 Retraction
• Strengthened main landing gear
• Larger brakes
• Increased main tire pressure
Nose Landing Gear
and Doors

Nosewheel
Steering
System

Right Main Landing


Gear and Doors

Left Main Landing Gear


and Doors

Electric Brakes
Brake Temperature
and Brake Wear Tire Pressure
Monitoring Monitoring
System

CS1_CS3_3200_001
Figure 2: Landing Gear

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32 - Landing Gear
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EXTENSION AND RETRACTION SYSTEM


The landing gear extension and retraction system consists of the
following primary components:
• Landing gear panel
• Landing gear and steering control units (LGSCUs)
• Landing gear control valve (LGCV)
• Unlock actuators (Refer to figure 4)
• Retraction actuators (Refer to figure 4)
• Uplocks (Refer to figure 4)
The landing gear panel, located in the flight deck, has a landing gear
control lever (LGCL), which can be selected to UP or DN positions. The
panel also has a guarded ATLN GEAR switch for alternate gear
extension. A GEAR AURAL pushbutton annunciator (PBA) is located on
the panel, which is used to cancel the landing gear aural alarm.
Two redundant landing gear and steering control units (LGSCUs) are the
primary control components of the extension and retraction system. The
LGSCUs are located in the forward and mid equipment bays. The
LGSCUs communicate with other aircraft systems to control and monitor
the operation of the landing gear and nosewheel steering systems.
The landing gear control valve (LGCV) is an electrohydraulic valve. It
consists of a landing gear selector valve (LGSV), and a free fall selector
valve (FFSV). The LGSV receives commands from the LGSCUs, and
controls the flow of hydraulic power to the appropriate landing gear
components, to ensure coordinated extension and retraction of the main
and nose landing gears. The FFSV is used to dump hydraulic pressure
during an alternate (emergency) extension.

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32 - Landing Gear
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Landing Gear
Panel
Landing Gear
and Steering
Control Unit

UP ALTN GEAR
RETRACT 220 KT NORM ALTN GEAR Landing Gear
Switch and Steering
Control Unit

DN

GEAR AURAL
GEAR AURAL
Pushbutton
Annunciator

CNCL Landing Gear


Control Valve

DN
EXTEND 250
0 KT
Landing Gear Free Fall
Control Lever Selector
OFF
O
LO Valve
RTO
O MED

AUTOBRAKE HI

Landing
NOSE STEER ALTN BRAKE Gear
Selector
Valve
OFF ON

CS1_CS3_3230_018
LANDING GEAR PANEL LANDING GEAR CONTROL VALVE LANDING GEAR AND STEERING CONTROL UNIT (2X)

Figure 3: Extension and Retraction System

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32 - Landing Gear
32-00 Introduction

EXTENSION AND RETRACTION SYSTEM ACTUATORS


Unlock actuators on each of the main and nose landing gear unlock the
landing gear from the extended position. Retraction actuators use
hydraulic system no. 1 pressure to retract the gear. Uplocks hold the
gear in the fully retracted position.
Normally, hydraulic pressure is used to release the uplocks. When the
ALTN GEAR switch is selected, the uplocks are released using electrical
power.

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32 - Landing Gear
32-00 Introduction

Retraction Retraction
Actuator Actuator

Unlock
Actuator

Unlock
Actuator

Uplock

Uplock

CS1_CS3_3210_009
MAIN LANDING GEAR NOSE LANDING GEAR

NOTE

Left main landing gear shown. Right side similar.

Figure 4: Extension and Retraction System Actuators

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32 - Landing Gear
32-00 Introduction

LANDING GEAR INDICATING SYSTEM


The landing gear indicating system (LGIS) uses proximity sensors to
monitor the position and condition of components of the landing gear
system.
The LGSCUs use this information for gear extension and retraction and
nosewheel steering. The LGSCUs also provide the WOW signal used by
many airframe and power plant systems.
The LGSCUs provide gear position for display on the EICAS. The
onboard maintenance system (OMS) monitors the state of the proximity
sensors.

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Crew Alerting
CLB GEAR System Messages
GEAR FAIL
92.2 92.2
73.0 73.3
N1

718 722
EGT

86.5 N2 86.6 Gear Position


1090 FF (PPH) 1110 Indication
GEAR
124 OIL TEMP 124
WOW to Airframe and DN DN DN
Power Plant Systems 116 OIL PRESS 116
SLAT / FLAP 4
TOTAL FUEL (LB) 10905
2735 5435 2735

LANDING
GEAR
PROXIMITY LGSCUs OMS
SENSORS

• Gear Extension/Retraction
• Nosewheel Steering

CS1_CS3_3200_067
Figure 5: Landing Gear Indication System

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32 - Landing Gear
32-00 Introduction

WHEELS AND BRAKES

WHEELS

Main Wheel and Tire Assembly


The main wheel assembly consists of aluminum alloy hub halves.
High-strength steel tie bolts secure the two hubs together. A preformed
packing between the hub halves provides an airtight assembly when the
tire is installed. The main wheel hub assembly has three thermal fuses.
During extremely high-heat brake conditions, the thermal fuse plugs
melt, releasing tire pressure. The interior of the hub assembly has brake
drive keys, which interface with the brake units to provide wheel braking.
The main wheel tires are tubeless 26 ply radial type, serviced with
nitrogen gas.
The A220-300 has a heavier main wheel hub with a higher tire pressure
to support the heavier aircraft.

Nosewheel and Tire Assembly


The nosewheel assembly consists of two aluminum alloy hubs.
High-strength steel tie bolts secure the inner and outer hub halves
together. A preformed packing between the hub halves provides an
airtight assembly when the tire is installed.
The tire is a tubeless 16 ply radial type, serviced with nitrogen gas.

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Hub
Preformed Halves
Packing
(not shown) Radial
Tire

Brake
Drive
Keys

MAIN WHEEL TIRE ASSEMBLY


Tie Bolts
Hub Radial
MAIN WHEEL HUB ASSEMBLY Halves Tire

NOTE Internal
Sealing Packing
Tire pressure modules (not shown)
removed for clarity.

CS1_CS3_3240_024
A220-300
• Heavier main wheel hub
• Higher main tire pressure

NOSEWHEEL TIRE ASSEMBLY


NOSEWHEEL HUB ASSEMBLY

Figure 6: Wheels and Tires

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32-00 Introduction

Tire Pressure Indication System


A tire pressure indication system (TPIS) is used to provide tire pressure
information to the flight crew through the engine indication and crew
alerting system (EICAS).
The system consists of the tire pressure sensors, tire pressure
modules (TPMs), axle interface modules, and a tire pressure monitoring
unit. Each wheel assembly includes an inflation/deflation valve, a tire
pressure sensor, an overpressure plug, an axle interface module, and a
tire pressure module.
Each tire pressure sensor sends tire pressure information to the axle
interface module via the TPM. The TPM is mounted in the wheel hubcap
assembly. This information is conveyed through the tire pressure
monitoring unit (TPMU) to the STATUS synoptic page. Tire pressure is
displayed in psi.

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STATUS AIR DOOR ELEC FLT CTRL


Tire Inflation/Deflation
Pressure Valve
Sensor FUEL HYD AVIONIC INFO CB

TAT 15 °C
AXLE INTERFACE
SAT 15 °C
MODULE
ENGINE
103 OIL TEMP (°C) 103
Tire 113 OIL PRESS (PSI) 113
Pressure
Module 21.8 OIL QTY (L) 21.8
Overpressure
Plug APU
NOSEWHEEL ASSEMBLY RPM 100 % OIL TEMP 75 °C
TIRE PRESSURE
MONITORING UNIT EGT 312 °C OIL PRESS NORM
Tire DOOR OPEN OIL QTY NORM
Pressure
Overpressure Sensor
Plug TIRE PRESSURE (PSI)

150 150
224 224 224 224
AXLE INTERFACE
MODULE BRAKE

00 00 TEMP 01 01
Tire
Pressure
Module Inflation/Deflation
Valve

CS1_CS3_3240_021
MAIN WHEEL ASSEMBLY
NOTE
SYNOPTIC PAGE - STATUS
Axle interface modules are part of the wheel speed transducer located within the axle.
The tire pressure monitor is located under the hub cap.

Figure 7: Tire Pressure Indication System

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32 - Landing Gear
32-00 Introduction

BRAKES

Brake Control System


Brake temperature sensors inside each brake assembly relay brake
The brake control system (BCS) provides braking of the aircraft during
temperature to the STATUS synoptic page. The BDCUs calculate break
landing, taxi, rejected takeoff, and parking. The BCS is controlled by two
wear information, which is displayed on the STATUS synoptic page.
redundant brake data concentrator units (BDCUs). The BCS is fully
electric with one brake assembly for each main wheel. The status of the BCS is displayed on the EICAS and monitored by the
OMS.
The BDCUs communicate braking commands to the electric motor
control units (EMCUs). Each EMCU houses two electric motor actuator
controllers (EMACs). Each EMAC provides the braking commands to
two electric motor actuators (EMAs) on the brake. Each brake assembly
has four EMAs.
A wheel speed transducer in each main wheel axle provides wheel
speed information to the EMCUs for antiskid protection.
Normal braking is performed by depressing the brake pedals, the upper
portion of the rudder pedals. Antiskid protection is active during normal
braking.
An autobrake function is available to provide braking automatically upon
landing without pilot pedal input. Selection is through the AUTOBRAKE
rotary switch, located on the landing gear panel. Antiskid protection is
active during autobraking.
Alternate brake selection is through the ALTN BRAKE pushbutton
annunciator (PBA) located on the landing gear panel. The braking
function is the same as the normal brake application, however there is
no antiskid protection.
A PARK BRAKE switch is located on the flight deck center pedestal.
When the switch is in the ON position, the brakes are mechanically
locked and remain locked with electrical power off. An external PARK
BRK switch, on the electrical/towing service panel, is available to select
the park brake ON or OFF, without having to enter the flight deck. This
switch is used in conjunction with the TOW PWR PBA to enable
towbarless towing.

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OFF
LO
RTO
MED EICAS
BRAKE
AUTOBRAKE HI
03 03 TEMP 03 03
SYN
WEAR
NOSE STEER ALTN BRAKE
OMS SYNOPTIC PAGE - STATUS
Air/Gnd
OFF ON
Brake Temperature
Sensor
EMA (4X) (internal, not shown) Wheel Speed Transducer

LANDING GEAR PANEL


Brake Pedals

BDCUs

Normal EMCUs (4X)


Including Antiskid

EMAC
Alternate
no Antiskid
EMAC

RUDDER PEDAL ASSEMBLY

PARK BRAKE

BRAKE (4X)
OFF TOWBARLESS ONLY

NO TOW
ON
TOW OFF LEGEND NOTE
PULL
ON
O

CS1_CS3_3240_002
TURN
TOW PWR ON BDCU Brake Data Concentrator Unit Located on the electrical/towing service panel
1 on the left side of the nose fuselage.
EMA Electric Motor Actuator
EMAC Electric Motor Actuator Controller
1 PARK BRK
EMCU Electric Motor Control Unit
PARK BRAKE SWITCH EXTERNAL PARK BRAKE SWITCH

Figure 8: Brake Control System

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32 - Landing Gear
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NOSEWHEEL STEERING SYSTEM


The nosewheel steering (NWS) system is an electronically-controlled, The towing indication box indicates if the aircraft is safe to tow. If the
hydraulically-powered, steer-by-wire system. steering is not selected OFF, or the park brake is set, the red NO
TOWING light illuminates. If steering is selected OFF, and the park brake
The NWS system consists of the following principal components:
is released, the green TOWING light illuminates.
• Steering tiller
• Rudder pedal assemblies
• NOSE STEER pushbutton annunciator (PBA)
• Landing gear and steering control units (LGSCUs)
• Steering control valve (SCV)
• Steering motor
• Towing indication box
The steering tiller, through the LGSCUs, electrically commands a
steering range up to 80° either side of center. The steering range
automatically decreases as aircraft speed increases. A copilot tiller is
optional.
The rudder pedals are electromechanical units that command a steering
range up to 9° either side of center, which decreases as aircraft speed
increases.
The NOSE STEER PBA is used to select NWS off.
The LGSCUs provide the command signals required to operate the
NWS system.
The steering control valve (SCV) is an electrohydraulic unit, which
provides hydraulic pressure to the steering motor, based on commands
received from the LGSCUs.
The steering motor consists of two hydraulic actuators, which operate a
rack and pinion mechanism on the nose gear, to turn the nosewheels left
or right as required.

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32 - Landing Gear
32-00 Introduction

Landing
Gear Panel
Steering OFF
LO
Control Valve Steering RTO
MED
Tiller
AUTOBRAKE HI
NOSE STEER
RUDDER PEDAL ASSEMBLY (2X) Pushbutton
Annunciator
NOSE STEER ALTN BRAKE

LANDING GEAR AND Rudder Pedal


STEERING CONTROL UNIT (2X) Assemblies OFF ON

Landing Gear and


Steering Control Unit LANDING GEAR PANEL

Landing Gear
and Steering
Control Unit

Steering
Motor STEERING TILLER
TOWBARLESS ONLY

NO TOW
ON
TOW OFF

STEERING CONTROL VALVE


TOW PWR ON

CS1_CS3_3200_066
RK
PARK BRK

ELECTRICAL/TOWING SERVICE PANEL


TOWING CONTROL BOX

Figure 9: Nosewheel Steering System

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CONTROLS AND INDICATIONS

FLIGHT DECK CONTROLS


The landing gear panel, located on the main instrument panel, provides
the following controls:
• Landing gear control lever (LGCL) for normal gear extension and
retraction. The lever must be pulled away from the panel in order to
move up or down
• ALTN GEAR guarded switch to provide an alternate means of
extending the landing gear
• GEAR AURAL PBA to cancel gear aural warnings
• AUTOBRAKE rotary switch provides four autobrake deceleration
levels and an OFF position
• NOSE STEER PBA used to disable the NWS system
• ALTN BRAKE PBA enables the alternate braking function without
antiskid
A PARK BRAKE pull-to-turn rotary switch is mounted on the center
pedestal. It is used to set the parking brake on.
A nosewheel steering tiller, located on the pilot side console, provides
steering commands up to 80° left and right of center. An optional tiller
can be installed on the copilot side console.
Rudder pedals provide input to the nosewheel steering system. A rudder
pedal disconnect pushbutton, located in the steering tiller, momentarily
decouples the rudder pedals, preventing nosewheel movement, during
flight control checks.
Brake pedals provide pilot input to the brake control system.

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32 - Landing Gear
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Rudder Pedal
Disconnect
Pushbutton
A

UP ALTN GEAR ALTN GEAR


RETRACT 220 KT NORM Switch

DN

A STEERING TILLER GEAR AURAL


GEAR AURAL
PBA
CNCL

DN
Landing Gear ND 250 KT
EXTEND
Control Lever
O
OFF Autobrake
LO
RTO
O MED
Rotary Switch

AUTOBRAKE HI
Brake Pedals PARK BRAKE
NOSE STEER
PBA
NOSE STEER ALTN BRAKE ALTN BRAKE
PBA
OFF
PARK BRAKE
Rotary Switch OFF ON

PULL
ON
O
TURN

LANDING GEAR PANEL

CS1_CS3_3230_019
RUDDER PEDAL ASSEMBLY
PARKING BRAKE PANEL

Figure 10: Landing Gear Controls - Flight Deck

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EXTERNAL CONTROLS
A tow status annunciator on the electrical/towing service panel indicates
the status of the NWS and the park brake prior to towing the aircraft. The
lights on the towing indication box, on the nose landing gear, provide the
same indications as the tow status annunciator.
A PARK BRK toggle switch on the electrical/towing service panel allows
the ground crew to set or release the parking brake.

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Tow Status
Annunciator PARK BRK
Switch

EXT
PWR TOWBARLESS ONLY

AVAIL NO TOW
ON
IN USE TOW

SERV
TOW PWR

TOWING CONTROL BOX

BATT CALL
C HEADSET
OMS/HMU
MS/HMU

CS1_CS3_3230_021
A ELECTRICAL/TOWING SERVICE PANEL

Figure 11: External Park Brake Controls and Towing Indications

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INDICATIONS
Landing gear system crew alerting system (CAS) messages are
displayed on the EICAS page.
Landing gear position indication is provided by GEAR position icons on
the EICAS page. Different colors and shapes are used to provide a clear
indication of gear status to the pilots.
The STATUS synoptic page provides the following landing gear system
indications:
• Tire pressure
• Brake temperature
• Brake wear

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CLB GEAR STATUS AIR DOOR ELEC FLT CTRL


GEAR FAIL
90.7 90.7
$3821 FUEL +<' AVIONIC INFO CB
60.5 60.4
Crew Alerting
N1
System TAT 15 °C
Messages SAT 15 °C
SYNC

642 654 ENGINE


Gear 103 2,/7(03 p&  103
EGT Position
Indication 113 2,/35(66 36,  113
21.8 OIL QTY (L) 21.8
82.3 N2 82.3
770 )) .3+ 775
GEAR $38
101 2,/7(03 101
DN DN DN 530 100 % 2,/7(03 75 °C
99 2,/35(66 99
EGT 312 °C 2,/35(66 NORM
6/$7)/$3 3 DOOR 23(1 OIL QTY NORM
TOTAL FUEL (KG) 10900
Tire
2730 5420 2750 Pressure 7,5(35(6685( 36, 
Indication
CAB ALT 1000 RATE 500 TRIM 150 150
ó3 4.1 CREW OXY 1850 NU 224 224 224 224
LDG ELEV 570 Brake
STAB Temperature
7(03 5.0 BRAKE
(°C) 24 25 23 Indication
ND
NL RUDDER NR 00 00 7(03 01 01
INFO
WEAR

Brake Wear

CS1_CS3_3230_020
Indication

EICAS PAGE SYNOPTIC PAGE - STATUS

Figure 12: Landing Gear Indications

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32 - Landing Gear
32-00 Introduction

SAFETY
The following safety procedures, in accordance with the Aircraft
Maintenance Publication (AMP), must be followed when working on the
landing gear system:
• Ensure probe heating is deactivated before jacking the aircraft
• Switch nosewheel steering off before applying hydraulic power,
especially with a tow bar connected
• Ensure area is clear before doing a gear swing

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32 - Landing Gear
32-00 Introduction

• Ensure probe heat is deactivated before jacking


the aircraft
• Switch steering off before powering hydraulics,
especially with a tow bar connected
• Ensure area is clear before doing a gear swing

CS1_CS3_3200_002
Figure 13: Safety

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32 - Landing Gear
32-00 Introduction

Page Intentionally Left Blank

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