Ans Key 8 HISTORY SUTRA DAY 8

Ans key 8 HISTORY SUTRA DAY 8
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. The Mughal empire derived the bulk of its income from:

A) Trade with Central Asia
B) Agricultural production
C) Tribute from vassal states
D) Industrial production
2. Which term was used to describe non-resident cultivators during the Mughal
period?
A) Khud-kashta
B) Raiyat
C) Pahi-kashta
D) Zamindar
3. Under the Mughal administration, which office was responsible for supervising
the fiscal system of the empire?
A) Diwan
B) Qazi
C) Amil
D) Mansabdar
4. What was the main agricultural technique used in Mughal India to estimate crop
yield for taxation?
A) Actual measurement
B) Kankut system
C) Aerial survey
D) Manual counting
5. Which of the following crops was not introduced from the New World to India
during the Mughal period?
A) Maize
B) Rice
C) Potatoes
D) Tobacco
True/False Questions
6. Artificial irrigation systems were uncommon in Mughal India due to the

sufficient rainfall. (True/False)
7. The Ain-i-Akbari was solely an administrative record without any data on the
cultural practices of the people. (True/False)
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
8. The ________ was the document that provided a comprehensive description

of the governance and economy under Akbar.
9. The concept of 'jins-i-kamil' refers to crops that were highly ________.
10. Zamindars in Mughal India were often also responsible for ________
collection on behalf of the state.
UPSC Mains-Oriented Questions
11. Discuss the socio-economic implications of the introduction of New World crops
on Mughal agrarian practices. (250 words)
Answer Key and Explanations:

1. B) Reflects the agrarian base of the Mughal economy.
2. C) Pahi-kashta were non-resident cultivators who often moved due to economic
incentives or compulsion.
3. A) Diwan was the chief revenue officer responsible for the empire's fiscal
administration.
4. B) Kankut system involved estimating the crop yield for tax assessment
purposes.
5. B) Rice is an ancient crop in India and was not introduced during the Mughal
period.
6. False - Artificial irrigation systems like canals were important for agriculture in
regions with less rainfall.
7. False - The Ain-i-Akbari also contains extensive information on the cultural
and social practices of the time.
8. Ain-i-Akbari - This historical document is a crucial source for understanding
Mughal administration and society.
9. profitable - 'Jins-i-kamil' refers to high-revenue generating crops encouraged
by the Mughal state.
10. revenue - Reflects the dual role of zamindars as both landholders and part of the
administrative structure of revenue collection.
11. The introduction of New World crops during the Mughal era significantly
transformed the agricultural landscape and socio-economic fabric of India.
Expansion of Agriculture:
Diversification of Crops: The introduction of crops such as maize, potatoes, and

tomatoes diversified the agrarian economy, previously dominated by indigenous
crops like wheat and rice. Maize, in particular, adapted well to various Indian
climates, allowing cultivation in less fertile regions and during the rabi season,
thus increasing food security.
Increased Crop Yields: These crops generally yielded more per hectare and were
more resistant to local pests, thereby boosting overall agricultural productivity.
This abundance led to more stable food supplies in rural areas, directly
impacting peasant livelihoods.
Economic Impact:
Enhancement of Income: The high yield and new variety of crops introduced by
the New World provided farmers with additional sources of income. This was
particularly significant for small farmers who could now grow cash crops in
addition to traditional staples.
Trade and Commerce: With the increased production of these crops, local
markets expanded, and some regions began exporting surplus produce,
integrating more deeply into regional and global trade networks.
Social Changes:
Dietary Inclusions: The incorporation of these crops into the Indian diet over
time also had social implications. Nutritious options like potatoes and tomatoes
contributed to better overall health, which could support higher levels of
physical labor and productivity.
Shift in Land Use Patterns: The cultivation of New World crops also influenced
land use patterns, with more marginal lands being brought under cultivation,
which sometimes led to deforestation but also to greater land value.
The introduction of New World crops under the Mughal rule had profound
socio-economic implications, fundamentally altering agricultural practices,
enhancing food security, and reshaping rural economies, thereby contributing
to the socio-economic resilience of Mughal India.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. The Mughal empire derived the bulk of its income from:

6. Artificial irrigation systems were uncommon in Mughal India due to the

8. The ________ was the document that provided a comprehensive description

UPSC Mains-Oriented Questions

Answer Key and Explanations:

Diversification of Crops: The introduction of crops such as maize, potatoes, and

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