30 KATEPA

~ ~ HtfOOPHOtiKOHCmPYK/{UU
Htf ,fOPY /lOP 6eCAtfAfU

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,I:J;OMCTBeHHhIX esry npenrrpaa-raa . TaK nocrerreano n e x NQ6 3aB O,I:J;a NQ 5 CTaJI n p e n p a ­
I:u;aThCH cna-rana B epH JI H aJI Il,KB -5, a rrOTOM B Il,K B «P e ,I:J;a H » - crre:U;HaJIH3H p OB a HHoe
npenrrpasrrae M H Hcy,I:J;rrpOMa rro cnacarerrsaoa T e X H H K e H MaJIOTOHHroKH hIM cynax ( xra­
JI h I M xa'repaxr ).
B rrOCJIeBOeHHhle rO,I:J;hI aa Kopa6JIHX BM<I> MOTopHhle xarepa HCrrOJIh30BaJIHCh B xa­
x ecrne KOMaH,I:J;HpCKHX pa3'he3 ,I:J;HhIX, a B xauecrne patioxax HCrrOJIh30BaJIHCh BeCeJIhHO­
M OT o p H h l e 6apKachI Bo.n:OH3MeI:u;eHHeM B rrpenenax OT 10 ,I:J;O 3 T B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT p aara
Kopa6JIH H HJIhI BO,I:J;OH3MeI:u;eHHeM B npenenax OT 2 no 0,5 T. Ha MOTOpH hIX fiap xacax H n a
KOMaH,I:J;HpCKHX xarepax CTOHJIH 6eH3HHOBhle ,I:J;BHraTeJIH. C rre:U;HaJI hHh IX 6 0 p T OBhIX pa6 o ­
qHX xarepon B TO BpeMH eIIJ;e He 6hIJIO .

~~ HtfOOPHOti KOHcmPYK/{uu
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Bee xopafiensnste rrJIaBCpe~CTBa B OCHOBHOM 6bIJIH rrOCTpOeHbI na OTeqeCTBeHHbIX

3aBO~aX, KpOMe HHX HMeJIHCb xarepa ~OpeBOJIIO:U;HOHHOHH 3apy6e)l{HoH rrOCTpOHKH, rrony­
xennr.re BMeCTe C Kopa6JI.lIMH rro JIeH~-JIH3Y. ¥qaCTHe qJJIOTa B 60eBbIX ~eHCTBH.lIX rrpHBO~H­
JIa K 60JIbIIIOH norepe KaTepOB , KaK rraJIy6HbIX yCTpOHCTB , 60JIee ncero rrormepzcennsrx
B03~eHCTBHIO OrH.lI apTMJIJIepHH H aBHa:U;HH rrpOTHBHHKa. 3TO rrpHBO~HJIO K TOMy, qTO
O~HOTHrrHbIe Kopa6JIH HMeJIH casrsre paaaooopaansre IIJIaBCpe~CTBa.
H BOT, HaKOHe:u;, rrpHIIIJIO spesra yHH<pHKa:U;HH Kopa6eJIbHbIX IIJIaBCpe~CTB H H e rro c ­
JIe~HIOIO POJIb B 3TOM CbIrpaJIO U;KB «Penan».
,I.I;0 aaxana rr.lITH~eC.lITbIX rO~OB OCHOBHbIM BH~OM rrpO~YK:U;HH nexa N Q6 6bIJIH ~BYX-,
qeTbIpex- H IIIeCTHBeCeJIbHbIe .lIJIbI H3 ~OCOK C Ha60pOM. 3TH .lIJIbI HMeHOBaJIHCb - 5IJI2, 5IJI4
H 5IJI6 COOTBeTCTBeHHO. II03~Hee.3aB O~ «CY~OMeX» nepenan 3aBO~y N Q5 ~OKYMeHTa:U;HIO aa
~eC.lITHBeCeJIbHbIH.lIJI, pa3pa60TaHHyIO erne B 1939 rorry, Bce .lIJIbI HMeJIH napycnoe BOOPy­
)l{eHHe H nonaecnsre MOTOpbI.
B 1950 rony npermpasrrae OCBOMJIO HOBbIH CTPOHTeJIbHbIH MaTepHaJI xoprryca - IIIrrOH .
IIIrroH - 3TO TOHKHe OT 1,5 MM H MeHee JIHCTbI ~peBeCHHbI, rrony-raeersre rryTeM JIymeHH.lI
KpyrJIOH 3arOTOBKH H3 6epe3b1, COCHbI MJIH nnoro nepesa. Koprryc B blKJIeHBaJIC.lI rryTeM
HaJIO)l{eHH.lI rrOJIOC IIIrrOHa rrOCJIOHHO na 60JIBaH C rrpaxenerraea CMOJI.lIHOrO sonoyn opaoro
KJIe.lI. OTpa60TKa TeXHOJIOrHH rro BbIKJIeHKe IIIrrOHOBbIX KoprrYCOB uaxanacr, C H3rOTOBJIe­
HH.lI Ty3HKOB - casrsrx MaJIeHbKHX pa60qHX IIIJIIOrrOK.

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3aKa3 aa TY3HKH 6bID lIOJI~eH OT IJ:KE-19, KOTOpOMy AJUI ero lIpoeKTOB M aJIOT OH ­
Ha2KHbIX eynon lIOTpe60BaJIHCb IIJIaBCpe;a;CTBa. ITo 3a;a;aHHIO IJ:KE-19 B 1950 rorry 6bID
paspatioraa npoexr TY3HKa )];JIH MaJIbIX Kop a6JIeH BM <I>. TaKHe TY3HKH HClIOJIb3YIOTCH a a
MaJIbIX Kopa6JIHX B xaxecrae p a 6 0qe H IIIJIIOlIKH, )];JIH KOTOpOH He Tpe6yeTcH ClIeU;HaJIbHbIX
ClIyCKOlIO;a;'beMHbIX yCTpOHCTB H KHJIb6JIOKOB, TaK KaK 06blqHO lIO-lIOxo;a;HOMy TY3HK xpa­
H H T CH na nanytie B lIOJI 0 2Ke H HH anepx KHJIeM.
B 1950 r o n y 6bID H3rOTOBJIeH H B H OH 6 p e T o r o 2Ke r ona HClIbITaH OlIbITHbIH ofipa­
sen Ty3HKa H3 IIIlIOHa. Ilorryrno C H 3 rOT OBJI e HHe M Ty3HKa 6bIDa paspao o raaa TeXHOJIO­
rHH rrp H M e H eHH H IIIrrOHa B x axe c r u e rrOCTpOeqHOrO sra'repaana )];JIH KoprrYCOB M aJIb I X
rpeonsrx eynon .
Pe3YJIbTaTbI HClIbITaHHH BrrOJIHe yCTpOHJIH rrpaemryro KOMHCCHIO H TY3HKH 'rnrra TIIl
6bIDH peKOMeH;a;OBaHbI na MaJIble K opa6JIH B xaxecrae pa60qeH IIIJIIOrrKH. HClIOJIb30BaHHe
Ty3HKOB paspenranocs npa BOJIHeHHH MOpH no 2 6aJIJIOB, npa THXOH n o r one B Ty3HKe
paspemanocs pa3MeIIJ;eHHe Tpex qeJIOBeK. TeXHOJIOrHqeCKHe H 3KCIIJIyaTaU;H OH HbIe rrp e ­
HMyIIJ;eCTBa Ty3HKOB H3 IIIrrOHa 3aKJIIOqaJIHCb B TOM, q T O 3TO ;a;aBaJIO B03M02KHOCT b M e xaHH­
sauaa nponecca H3rOTOBJIeHHH KoprrYCOB, lIOBbllIIaJIaCb rr p o xaocrt, aa Cqe T MOHOJIH T HOCT H
KOHCTpyKU;HH, HCKJIIOqaJIHCb B O;a;OT e qHOCT b H paccsrxa na e , xapaxrepa sre )];JIH TY3 H K OB H 3
;a;OCOK C Ha60pOM.
O;a;HaKO HOBH3Ha KOHCTpyKU;HH xoprryca 06H3bIBaJIa K T IIJ;a TeJIb H OM Y Ha6JIIO;a;eHHIO s a
e ro COCTOHHHeM B lIpOIJ;eCCe 3KCIIJIyaTaU;HH, n peacne qeM n e p e x o n ars na HOBb IH M aTep HaJI B
;a;aJIbHeHlIIeM. ITo T a K oMy CJI~aIO 6bIDO lIpHH HTO p e rne n a e 0 rre p e n a x e Ty3HKa B OlIbITHYIO
3KCIIJIyaTaIJ;HIO.
A B 3 TO BpeMH B 2KH3HH IJ:KE lIp OH CXO;a;H JIH BeCbMa anamrrensnsre C0 6 b ITHH.
,IJ;eJIO B TOM, qTO sepdn, 30JIOTOBa p a c rr OJI 0 2KHJIa Cb B nec s saa 2KH B OlIHCH OM M e CT e , T aM ,
rne BOJIblIIaH HeBKa nnanaer B <I>H H CKHH 3aJIHB , a p H;a;OM HRXO;a;HJICH EJIarHH OCT p OB CO
csoen 3HaMeHHToH CTpeJIKOH - JII06HMbIM MeCTOM orrrsrxa rOp02KaH. 3Ta «rrp o M b I IIIJIe H H aH
.H3Ba» nanao M030JIHJIa rrraaa r o p O;a;CK H M BJIaCT HM H 6bIDO lIp HHHT O pem enae 0 JI HKBH;a;a ­
U;HHuexa NQ6, cnoce scex rrp OM b I IIIJIeH H bIX CTpoeHHH H o praHH3aIJ;HH n a 3 TOH T epp H T opH H
30HbI ornsrxa.
BeClIepcrreKTHBHOCTb p a 3 B H T H H 3TOH TeppHTopHH He c lIo c 0 6cTB OBaJIa lIOM e p 2Ka H H IO
ee B p a 6 0 q e M COCTOHHHH : HOBoe CTpOHTeJIbCTBO He BeJIOCb, a cra psre 3;a;aHH H H e peM OH THp O­
B aJIH Cb , BeTlIIaJIH H p a 3 p YlIIaJIHCb .
B KOHIJ;e 1949 r o n a 6 bIDO opraHH30BaHO CKE-5, ClIeU;HaJIbHO e x o n c r p y icro p c x o e
6IOPO lIO rrpoeKTHpOBaHHIO 'roprrenmax KaT e pOB n am.a e r o ;a;eHcTBHH, a B a a x ane 1956 r ona
CKE-5 6bIDO peopraaasonano B IJ:KE-5 C rrep en a seii esry uexa NQ 6 sas o n a NQ5 B x ase ­
CTBe <pHJIHaJIa IJ:KE-5.

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lM,
HH.H H nocrpoaxa rOJIOBHbIX otipasuoa BcrrOMOraTeJIbHbIX KaTepOB H cnacarensasrx IIIJIIO­
nox, oTpa60TKH H BbIIIycKa TeXHHtIeCKOH p;oKyMeHTaU;HH nnrr cepaanoro CTpOHTeJIbCTBa
CO
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Ta C03H.n;aTeJIhHillI anepuaa, KOTOpyIO IIOJIyqHJI cPHJIHaJI IJ;KB-5 IIpH P03eHcPJIaHlJ;e ,

COXpaHHJIaCh H rrOCJIe ero yxona C npenrrpasrraa no KOHI.J;a cym;ecTBOBaHH.H IJ;KB.
Orrpe.n;eJIeHHOCTh B cy.n;h6e rrpe.n;rrpH.HTH.H rr03BOJIHJIa BMCB06o.n;HTh TBOpqeCKHH
rrOTeHU;HaJI KaTepOCTpOHTeJIen: HaqaJIOCh OCBoeHHe HOBhIX MaTepHaJIOB H KOHCTpyKI.J;HH,
o qeM 6y.n;eT paCCKa3aHO HlDKe B nponecce rrOBeCTBOBaHH.H.
Haxonas H H3yqHB MaTepHaJIhI rro onsrry 3KCIIJIyaTaI.J;HH KoprrYCOB H3 IIIrrOHa, qepe3
cexs JIeT npermpasrrae rrpacryrrano K H3rOTOBJIeHHIO .HJIOB.
,ILrr.H H3rOTOBJIeHH.H .HJIOB H3 IIIrrOHa B O.n;HOM H3 3JIJ1HHrOB 6hIJI opraHH30BaH yqaCTOK
C Heo6xo.n;HMhIM oriopynonaaaea.
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xoprrycasra H3 IIIrrOHa , rrOJIyqHBIIIHe HaHMeHOBaHH.H HJIIlI2, HJIIlI4 H HJIIlI6 COOTBeT­
CTBeHHO .
Ilpoaepxy xa-recrna HOBOH rrpo.n;YKI.J;HH peIIIHJIH rrpOBeCTH rryTeM cpaBHHTeJIhHhIX
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6hIJIH B3.HThI IIITaTHhle .HJIhI HJI2, HJI4 H HJI6 , Haxo.n;HBIIIHeC.H B 3KCIIJIyaTaI.J;HH B qaCT.HX
KpoHIIITa.n;TcKoH KperrOCTH.

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BCeX orn.exrax, n O)];6 H p aJIOCb O)];HHaKOBOe ooopynoaanae, cHa6:IKeHHe, O)];HHaKOBO paaae­
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psi H 3KHna:JKH MeHmIHCb MeCTaMH B nponecce HCnbITaHHH.
HCnWTaHHH mIOB nO)]; napycaMH H MOTOpOM npOBO)];IUIHCb Ha )];HCTaHU;HHX B O)];Hy
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napycasra H MOTOpOM, M aHeBpeHHble Ka'IeCTBa H yCTOH'IHBOCTb na xypce, He BbIHBIUIH
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Ilanee IIIJIH HcnbITaHHH aa npO'IHOCTb.
.H.JIw non MOTopaMH na CKOpOCTH 5 ya BbI6paCbIBaJIHCb na KaMeHHCTbIH OTJIOrHH
, 6eper. B pesyrrsra're o6a ana HMeJIH MeCTHbIe naparraasr, npofioan H nOJIOMOK He 6bIJIO.
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O.n;HH 3IIHSO.n; BHe rrporpasoo,r HCIIhITaHHM 6hIJI OTp~eH B rrpHeMHOM arcre, xo r na
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xpanenaa;
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qTO xacaerca norrsenaoro aeca HJIOB, TO ero He06xo.n;HMO c o x p a a a ri, He BhI IIIe, q eM y
HJIOB Ha60pHOM KOHCTpyKIJ;HH.

C03AAHHE HOPA6EJ1bHOrO PA60'lErO HATEPA

,I(o 1949 rona na aoopyaceana BM<1> COCTOHJI IIIecTHa.n;IJ;aTHBeCeJIhHhIM fiapxac rr o ­
CTpORKH Kpoanrrarrrcxoro MopcKoro saaona. KB sanona NQ 5 6hIJIa rrOCTaBJIeHa san a sa
OTKoppeKTHpOBaTh KOHCTpyKTOpCKylO .n;OKyMeHTaIJ;HlO rro.n; CBoe rrpOHSBo.n;CTB O H rr p e.n;y ­
CMOTpeTh yCTaHoBKy Ha 6apKace .n;HSeJIhHOrO .n;BHraTeJIH, a saBO.n;y rrocTpoHTh 6apKac H
IIpOBeCTH cpaBHHTeJIhHhIe HCIIhITaHHH. Bce 3TO 6hIJIO BhIIIOJIHeHO B HOH6pe 1949 r on a B
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IIIeCTh 6aJIJIOB npa nOJIHOM xone 6apKaca npo'raa BOJIH HJIH non OCTphIM yrJIOM K HHM,
npOHCXO,ll;HT CHJIhHOe 6phI3roo6pa30BaHHe H 3aJIHBaHHe HOCOBOM qaCTH. B pe3YJIhTaTe qero
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TaK KOMHccHeM no npoaenenaro rocynapcraennstx HcnhITaHHM rOJIOBHhIX 06pa3IJ;OB
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BOJIHeHHH MOpH B 3 6aJIJIa. ITPH BOJIHeHHH MOpH B 4 6aJIJIa sarpyaxa JIIO,ll;hMH ,ll;OJIJKHa 6hITh
26 qeJIOBeK npa cpennea CKOpOCTH xona, HO npa xone aa BeCJIax B 6apKace MOJKeT naxo­
,ll;HThC.H 39 qeJIOBeK.
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HOM ,ll;JIH xona non BeCJIaMH, He npacnocofinensr ,ll;JIH yCTaHoBKH MOTopa H peKOMeH,ll;OBaJIa
npopariorarr, nonpoc 0 cHa6JKeHHH BHOBh npoercrapyescsrx Kopa6JIeM BMeCTO OTKphIThIX
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COOTBeTcTByIOIIIHe 06BO,ll;aM MOTOpHhIX KaTepOB.
ECJIH npocnenari, POCT TOHHa2Ka nOCJIeBOeHHhIX Kopa6JIeM no cpaBHeHHIO C nopeso­
JIIOIJ;HOHHhIMH, TO nOJIyqaeTCH TaKaH KapTHHa: JIerKHe xpeacepa THna «C B e T JI a H a» OKOJIO
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HH"'IeHHH CKOpOCTH xona C nOJIHOH 3arpY3KOH B 25 "'IeJIOBeKa B03M02KHa TOJIhKO npa BOJIHe­
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HhIM no pe3YJIhTaTaM HcnhITaHHH MOTopHoro 6apKaca BM-16.
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