G10 Q2 L22 Simple Motor

Simple Motor
Science 10
Quarter 2
Lesson 22
Sir Naz
Objectives
1. Explain the working principle of simple electric
motor.
2. Identify the parts and functions of a simple motor.
3. Classify motors as AC motor and DC motor.
A Thing To Ponder About
Fans rotate because of
an electric motor inside
them. But, what is an
electric motor?
Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electric_motor.gif

Questions
• How does the motor work?
• What happens if you change the number of magnets
or the size of the coil?
Basic Principles
Danish physicist HANS
CHRISTIAN ØRSTED began
a new scientific era when he
discovered that electricity
and magnetism are linked.
He showed by experiment that
an electric current flowing
through a wire could move a
nearby magnet.
Image source: https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2020/12/oersteds-law.html

Electric Motor
• An electric motor is simply a
device that uses electrical
energy to do rotational
mechanical work or is a device
that converts electrical energy
into rotational mechanical
energy.
• The rotation can also be
considered in terms of the coil
becoming an electromagnet
that has one side behaving like
a north pole and the other
side behaving like a south
pole.
Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electric_motor.gif

➢a magnetic field affects the
charges in a conductor creating
an electromagnetic force.
Image source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/309552174381087558/

How Do Electric Motors Work?
• The electricity running through a
wire creates a magnetic field.
• If you coil the wire around a rod and
run electricity through the wire, it
creates a magnetic field around the
rod.
• One end of the rod will have a north
magnetic pole and the other will
have a south pole. Opposite poles
attract one another, like poles repel.
When you surround that rod with
other magnets, the rod will rotate
from the attractive and repulsive
forces.
Fleming’s Left Hand Rule (John Ambrose Fleming 1849 - 1945)
Image source: https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/288422/relating-dc-motor-with-the-fleming-right-hand-rule

http://www.yashima-elec.co.jp/e/technical_information/backnumber003.html
Basic Parts of Electric Motors
Basic Parts of an Electric Motor Armature
• A rotating part of a motor or generator
• Consists of coils or wires around a
metal core and in which electric current
is induced or in which the input current
interacts with a magnetic field to
produce torque.
Note:
Torque- measure of the force that can
cause an object to rotate about an axis.
Magnet
Image source: https://stickmanphysics.com/stickman-physics-home/magnets-and-magnetism/motors-and-generators/

Basic Parts of an Electric Motor Armature
• The standard armature is made out of
a solenoid.
• The more solenoid coils and the more
current running through them, the
stronger the magnet.
• The stronger the magnetic field, the
stronger the motor
Image source: https://stickmanphysics.com/stickman-physics-home/magnets-and-magnetism/electromagnet/

Basic Parts of an Electric Motor
1.Stator
2.Rotor
3.Commutator
Image source: https://gifer.com/en/gifs/motor

1. Stator
➢ Stationary part of a motor

➢ most often a permanent
magnet or row of magnets
lining the edge of the
motor casing, which is
usually a round plastic
drum
Image source: https://gifer.com/en/gifs/stator

2. Rotor
➢ usually consisting of copper

wire wound into a coil around
an axle.
➢ When electric current flows
through the coil, the resulting
magnetic field pushes against
the field created by the stator,
and makes the axle spin
Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3phase-rmf-noadd-60f-airopt.gif

3. Commutator
➢ It is a metal ring divided

into two halves.
➢ Ensures that the ends of
coils do not move in
opposite directions, and
ensures that the axle
spins in one direction
Image source: https://www.a-m-c.com/experience/technologies/motor-type/brushed/

3. Brushes and Terminal
➢ They are at the opposite end from

where the rotor exits the motor
casing.
➢ The brushes send electrical current
to the commutator and are typically
made of graphite. The terminals are
the locations where the battery
attaches to the motor and sends the
currents to spin the rotor.
Image source: https://www.a-m-c.com/experience/technologies/motor-type/brushed/

Types of Motor
Image source: https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2020/06/difference-between-ac-dc-motor.html

AC VS DC MOTOR
AC MOTOR DC MOTOR
• Motors powered by main • Most motors are powered by
electricity use alternating direct current (DC), which is
currents (AC). These motors use produced by dry cells or
electromagnets rather than batteries.
permanent magnets. • DC motors are suitable for
• AC motors are suitable for large domestic applications.
industrial applications .
Applications of Electric Motor
Electric motors are extremely
important in modern-day life. They are
used in food processors, vacuum
cleaners, dishwashers, computer
printers, fax machines, video
recorders, machine tools, printing
presses, automobiles, subway
systems, sewage treatment plants,
and water pumping stations, to
mention only a few applications.
Knowledge Check
Fill-in-the-Blanks
____________________1. An electric motor is a machine which
converts Electrical Energy into (Mechanical, Potential) energy.
____________________2. The (battery, wire) supplies the electric
current into the coil and it gets converted into motion.
____________________3. (Christian Oersted, Michael Faraday)
discovered that a magnetic field was produced by a flow of electric
current.
___________________4. When battery is connected, the coil creates a
magnetic field that interacts with the already existing magnetic field
brought about by the (battery, magnet).
___________________5. The interaction of magnetic fields from the
battery and magnet forces the coil to (stop, rotate).
References
1. YouTube. (2021). Lesson 8: Electric Motors and Generators. YouTube.
Retrieved January 5, 2023, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgkXohXdzBQ.
2. YouTube. (2019). Build a Simple Electric Motor. YouTube. Retrieved
January 5, 2023, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WI0pGk0MMhg.
3. https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/armature#:~:text=%3A%20a%20usually%20rotat
ing%20part%20of,magnetic%20field%20to%20produce%20torque
4. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/torque-angular-
momentum/torque-tutorial/a/torque

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Simple Motor

Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electric_motor.gif

Image source: https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2020/12/oersteds-law.html

Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electric_motor.gif

Image source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/309552174381087558/

Image source: https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/288422/relating-dc-motor-with-the-fleming-right-hand-rule

Image source: https://stickmanphysics.com/stickman-physics-home/magnets-and-magnetism/motors-and-generators/

Image source: https://stickmanphysics.com/stickman-physics-home/magnets-and-magnetism/electromagnet/

Image source: https://gifer.com/en/gifs/motor

➢ Stationary part of a motor

Image source: https://gifer.com/en/gifs/stator

➢ usually consisting of copper

Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3phase-rmf-noadd-60f-airopt.gif

➢ It is a metal ring divided

Image source: https://www.a-m-c.com/experience/technologies/motor-type/brushed/

3. Brushes and Terminal

➢ They are at the opposite end from

Image source: https://www.a-m-c.com/experience/technologies/motor-type/brushed/

Image source: https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2020/06/difference-between-ac-dc-motor.html

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