SASKY
SASKY
SASKY
AND
HARMFUL EFFECTS
V
ISS SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
PERINTHALMANNA
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report.......................................................... is
the bonafide work of........................................................... who carried
out the project under my supervision in partial fulfillment of
requirement of the AISSCE conducted by the CBSE in the year
2024-2025
ROLL NO:
Teacher in charge:
Page:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Page:
INDEX
SI. No CONTENT PAGE NO:
1. AIM
2. INTRODUCTION:
WHAT’RE ALGAE
TYPES OF AGAE
HABITAT
IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE
HARMFUL EFFECTS
3. OBJECTIVE
4. CASE STUDY
5. INFERENCE
6. RECOMMENDATION & CONCLUSIONS
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM
ALGAL DIVERSITY:
They fall into a heterogeneous group of cryptogrammic plants,
comprising 13 large phyla.
As on date 40,000 algal species have been described all over the
world. A total of 834 species of algae having been reported from
Kerala.
IMPORTANCE:
Algae are one of the important sources of food for fishes, aquatic
amphibians, mammals and other animals. Algae like gracilaria,
galedium are used as food in coastal regions of India. Spirulina, a
type of blue-green algae, rich in vitamin B complex and minerals.
Powdered spirulina, is used in herbal toxins and biscuits. They are
consumed by astronauts because they increase the availability of
oxygen.
Cyanobacteria Spirogyra
Cellular Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
organization.
Kingdom Monera Protista
Colour Bluish green Green
Membrane bound Absent Present
organelles
Chloroplasts Doesn’t contain chloroplasts Contains chloroplasts
Photosynthetic Chlorophyll-a Chlorophyll-a
pigments Phycocyanin Chlorophyll-b
Phycoerythrin Carotene
Xanthophyll
Ability to fix Some of them are able. Cannot
atmospheric NO2
Examples Anabaena Chlamydomonas
Nostoc Chlorella
Spirulina Ulva
Oscillatoria Netrium
Cyanobacteria
EUTROPHICATION
Eutrophication is the process in which a water body becomes
overly enriched with nutrients leading to the plentiful growth of
simple plant like the excessive growth or bloom of algae and
plankton in a water body are indicators of this process. It is
characterized by excessive plant and algal growth due to the
increased availability of one or more limiting growth factors
needed for photosynthesis such as sunlight, carbon dioxide and
nutrient fertilizers. Eutrophication occurs naturally over centuries
as lakes ages and are filled in with sediments.
CASE STUDY-I
Algal bloom has led to heavy pollution on the stretch of the Achencoil river at Kallarakkadavu, near Pathanamthitta.
CASE STUDY-II
Kozhikode, Kerala, 17/03/2022; A scene from the Chaliyar after the recent rains
OBJECTIVE
Objective of this project is to have a case study on harmful algal
blooms in freshwater ponds more precisely, to study whether
there is any harmful effect due to the presence of algae and how
the excessive growth of algae has resulted in those ponds from the
knowledge acquired during case study.
INFERENCES
Toxic algal blooms can cause skin irritation and could also
be fatal & dangerous.
RECOMMENDATION & CONCLUSION
Water is very precious. So we should preserve whatever sources of
water is available to us. We have seen that uncontrolled growth of
algae in freshwater will render it unfit for domestic use. There are
other activities also which contaminates the fresh water sources.
How however we are at present concerned about controlling algal
growth that may contaminate the water sources.
Inflow of any kind of surface water into the ponds or lakes which
is a source of fresh water must be checked at any cost.
The ponds shall have facilities for constantly draining the excess
water above a particular level. The ponds will have spring from
where water is incoming. So the overflow drain will help in
keeping the algal concentration to minimum.
WEBSITES:
www.wikipedia.com
www.eHow.com
www.igin.org
www.thehindu.com
Books: