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Active (proactive):
• Safety tours.
• Safety inspections.
• Safety survey.
• Safety sampling.
Reactive:
• Accident reporting and accident data.
• Ill health/absence reporting/data.
• Incident reporting, including near misses.
• Complaints.
• Prosecutions and enforcement actions.
• Cost of claims.
• Property damage reports…………………..
Safety Hazards
There are many hazards that are capable of causing immediate
physical injury:
– Work at height.
– Stacked materials.
– Moving vehicles.
– Manual handling operations.
– Moving parts of machinery.
– Electricity.
– Toxic or corrosive chemicals.
– Deep water.
– A naked flame, e.g. lit propane torch.
– Animals such as dogs.
– Violent people.
• Health Hazards
Some hazards can cause occupational disease or ill-health
conditions. This can follow a single event (such as a needlestick
injury infecting a worker with the hepatitis virus), but more often
occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to the hazard over a
period of weeks, months or years. These health hazards can be
categorised into five groups:
– Physical, e.g. radiation, vibration, noise, extremes of temperature,
etc.
– Chemical, e.g. lead, mercury, sulphuric acid, silica, cement dust,
etc.
– Biological, e.g. HBV, Legionella bacteria (responsible for
Legionnaires’ disease), rabies virus, etc.
– Ergonomic, e.g. very repetitive movement, stooping, twisting,
manual handling, etc.
– Psychological, e.g. stress and trauma.
The Organisational Roles and Responsibilities section will

usually reflect the management hierarchy within the
organisation and allocate responsibilities accordingly:
• The CEO or MD – ultimately responsible and accountable for the

entire organisation.
• Management at all levels – responsible for ensuring that all
appropriate safety measures are in place and being carried out
effectively within the part of the organisation under their
management control. This might be done by breaking down the
management hierarchy into discrete layers and allocating
responsibilities to each layer (e.g. senior managers’
responsibilities, middle managers’ responsibilities, or supervisors’
responsibilities).
• All employees – responsible for acting safely at all times in the
course of their duties at work.
• Competent persons – have operational duties, but are also
considered competent to carry out one or more specialist health
and safety duties (e.g. as first aiders or fire marshals).
• Specialist health and safety practitioners – responsible for
providing advice to support management and employees in
achieving safety.
RIDDOR - Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous

Occurrences Regulations 2013.
RIDDOR puts duties on employers, the self-employed and people in
control of work premises (the Responsible Person) to report certain
serious workplace accidents, occupational diseases and specified
dangerous occurrences (near misses)
The criteria to assess the suitability of a contractor may include:

• Their health and safety policy.
• Example risk assessments and method statements.
• The qualifications and training records of staff.
• Membership of professional organisations.
• Test and maintenance records for plant and equipment.
• References from other past/current clients.
• Accident history, such as RIDDOR-reportable accident rates.
• Enforcement action history.
• Proof of adequate resources.
• Insurance.
Typical content of a general induction training course for new
starters:
• The organisation’s health and safety policy.
• Fire and other emergency procedures.
• Details of specific workplace hazards and controls.
• First-aid facilities and personnel.
• The location of welfare facilities.
• Safe movement around the workplace.
• Accident and incident reporting procedures.
• Worker consultation arrangements.
• General safety rules, such as no-smoking areas.
• Personal protective equipment requirements.
• Introduction to the safe systems of work and permit systems.
• Introduction to the risk assessment system.
• Responsibilities of individuals.
• Disciplinary procedures.
What is the difference between a Material Safety

Data Sheet (MSDS) and a COSHH (Control of
Substances Hazardous to Health) risk
assessment?
An MSDS gives you information about the hazardous product; whereas the
COSHH assessment describes what control measures are needed and how you
are going to use the product safely.
COSHH is the law that requires employers to control substances that are
hazardous to health and to prevent or reduce workers exposure to hazardous
substances.
The information you need to write your COSHH risk assessment is available in
the Material Safety Data Sheet. MSDS (or SDS) can be obtained from the
manufacturer or supplier of the chemical or product. Most can now be
downloaded from company websites. Under the Registration, Evaluation,
Authorisation and restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulations these must be
provided for each hazardous product.
An MSDS on its own is not a COSHH risk assessment. It should be used to find
out what the health hazards are. You can then set out how you are going to
prevent harm to health and what control measures are needed to reduce
harm to health.
First of all the COSHH assessment will set out what the hazards are. Then you
can set out how you are going to control them. Often this can simply be with
the use of good ventilation and PPE. The COSHH assessment will give you
exposure limits, spillage containment and disposal requirements. In addition
it will also advise you on what first aid measures should be taken in case of
exposure.
In addition to writing a COSHH assessment you need to make sure that the
control measures in the assessment are used. That they are in good working
order (e.g. PPE). And above all that everyone who comes in contact with the
substance is provided with the correct information, instruction and training. If
necessary, you may need to provide monitoring and health surveillance. You
also need to plan for emergencies.
Underlying or root causes are the things that lie behind the
immediate causes. Often, root causes will be failures in the
management system, such as:
• Failure to adequately supervise workers.
• Failure to provide appropriate PPE.
• Failure to provide adequate training.
• Lack of maintenance.
• Inadequate checking or inspections.
• Failure to carry out proper risk assessments.
SLAM
STOP work if you find yourself in danger - this is your right in Law
Look around you before taking any action, is anybody else at risk
Assess the situation, take a few minutes to think through the actions you
should take to put things right
Manage the risks as the job goes on, anticipate and control risk before the
problem emerges
5 Steps to Successfully Complete a Noise Assessment
1. Identify the Main Sources of Noise. Consider all of the

different sources of noise in your workplace. ...
2. Measure Noise Levels. Use dosimeters to measure noise
levels around your workplace premises. ...
3. Implement Control Measures. ...
4. Record Findings. ...
5. Get Expert Help.
The lower exposure action values are:
• A daily or weekly personal noise exposure of 80 dB(A).
• A peak sound pressure of 135 dB(C) for impulse noise.
The upper exposure action values are:

• A daily or weekly personal noise exposure of 85 dB(A).
• A peak sound pressure of 137 dB(C) for impulse noise
Vibration Exposure Standards

The Regulations recognise the two different types of vibration
exposure (hand-arm vibration and whole-body vibration) and two
daily personal vibration exposure levels are set which put different
legal requirements on the employer. One is called the daily
exposure action value, the other is the daily exposure limit value.
• The daily exposure action value is:
– 2.5 m.s-2 A(8) for hand-arm vibration.
– 0.5 m.s-2 A(8) for whole-body vibration. •
The daily exposure limit value is:
– 5.0 m.s-2 A(8) for hand-arm vibration.
– 1.15 m.s-2 A(8) for whole-body vibration.
If workers are exposed to either hand-arm vibration or whole-body
vibration at or above either of these levels then the employer must
take action.
HAVS- HAND ARM VIBRATION SYNDROME

WBV-WHOLE BODY VIBRATION
The fire triangle is useful for two reasons:
• Fire prevention – keeping the three elements apart means the fire cannot
start.
• Fire-fighting – by removing one of the elements, the fire will go out
Three things must be present for a fire to start: fuel, oxygen and heat.
• The classes of fire (determined by the types of fuel) are:
Class A (organic solids) (paper,wood, or textiles)

Class B (flammable liquids), (oil, petrol or diesel)
Class C (flammable gases), (propane,methane,butane)
Class D (metals), ( aliminium,titanium,swarf,magnesium)
Class F (high-temperature fats), ( deep fat fryers)
plus electrical fires. (computer or phone charger )
• Fire can spread through a workplace by direct burning, convection,
conduction and radiation
• Fires have many different causes, but common causes are faulty or misused
electrical equipment, deliberate ignition, hot works, heating and cooking
appliances, and smoking materials.
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What are the 9 dangerous goods?
List of the 9 dangerous goods classes
 Class 1. Explosives.
 Class 2. Gases.
 Class 3. Flammable liquids.
 Class 4.1 / 4.2 / 4.3. Flammable Solids.
 Class 5.1 / 5.2. Oxidizing Substances.
 Class 6.1 / 6.2. Toxic & Infectious Substances.
 Class 7. Radioactives.
 Class 8. Corrosives.
Accidents can be further subdivided into:

• Injury accidents – an unplanned, unwanted event which
leads to personal injury of some sort.
• Damage-only accident – an unplanned, unwanted event
which leads to damage to equipment or property
An incident is an event that could have resulted in an

accident but didn't
What is a hazard and a risk?
A hazard is anything that could cause harm. And, risk, is a

combination of two things – the chance that the hazard will
cause harm and how serious that harm could be
Permit-to-work (PTW) refers to a management system
procedure used to ensure that work is done safely and
efficiently.
(LOTO) is set into motion to prevent an unexpected startup

or release of stored energy.
FIRE PREVENTION
 Install Fire Alarms. Smoke alarms are the best early
fire warning system. ...
 Plan a Fire Escape Route. In the event of a fire, always
have an escape plan in advance. ...
 Keep Flames and Other Heating Equipment in
Check. ...
 Have a Fire Extinguisher. ...
 Utilize the Cliche Stop, Drop and Roll.
HSE Management System
HSE Policy, Procedures & documentation

1. HSE policy
2. HSE Manual, Safe working procedures / standard
operating procedures
3. Work instructions, Method statement
4. Forms & checklist
5. Specific SOP for High risk activities - LOTO, PTW,
Working at height, hot works, confined space entry etc
HSE Planning
1. HSE objectives & targets
2. Risk assessment / HIRARC & Risk Register
3. Job Safety Analysis
4. Legal Compliance Register
5. HSE Plan/program for the year
6. HSE awareness and competent trainings
7. Emergency response & preparedness - ERT chart,
trainings, drills, inspections
HSE communication
1. HSE notice board
2. HSE committee meetings
3. Management review meeting
4. Toolbox meetings & HSE moments
5. Warning Signages / safety alerts / emails
HSE Monitoring & Evaluation
1. HSE performance statistics
2. HSE walkabouts / inspections
3. Management site visits
4. Biological and chemical monitoring (based on local
regulations)
5. Chemical Health Risk Assessment (based on local
regulations)
6. Indoor air quality, noise, lighting, LEV assessment
(based on local regulations)
7. Ambient air monitoring, effluent, boundary noise
monitoring etc (based on local regulations)
8. Schedule waste monthly inventory, transportation and
disposal (based on local regulations)
9. Firefighting equip inspection, First aid, Emergency
shower, & chemical spill kit inspection
10. PPE purchasing, distribution and stock management
11. Contractor/ supplier management
12. HSE Internal & external Audits
HSE Reporting process
1. Incident reporting & investigation process
2. Unsafe Act / Unsafe condition / Positive observation
reporting
3. Corrective actions / NCCR
4. Reporting to local authorities
Defining the Occupational Health, Safety, and Environmental Key Performance

Indicators (KPIs) for a company is an important step in ensuring that the company is
meeting its obligations to protect its workers and the environment. Here's an outline
of the steps you can take to define HSE KPIs for a construction company, which can
be applicable to different sectors:
1. Identify the areas of the construction processes that pose the most significant risks to
worker safety and the environment. This could include excavation, working at height,
lifting, heavy equipment movements, handling of hazardous materials, or other
activities that pose hazards to workers or the environment.
2. Determine the goals you want to achieve in each of these areas. For example, reducing
the number of accidents or incidents, reducing hazardous waste production, increasing
HSE training manhours, or reducing carbon emissions.
3. Establish a baseline for each KPI. This will help you track progress over time and
determine whether you are making progress toward your goals. You can use data from
previous years or industry benchmarks to establish your baseline.
4. Set specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) targets for
each KPI. These targets should be based on your goals and the baseline data you have
found. Examples of construction-specific KPIs could include the frequency rate of
Total Recordable Cases per project, the number of safety inspections performed, the
HSE training manhour ratio, or the percentage of waste materials diverted from
landfills.
5. Assign responsibility for achieving each KPI to a specific person or team. This will
help ensure that everyone is working together to achieve the same goals and that
progress is being made.
6. Establish a system for tracking progress toward each KPI. This could include regular
reporting, audits, or inspections. This system should be easy to use and provide real-
time information on performance.
7. Evaluate the effectiveness of your HSE KPIs on a regular basis. Use the data you have
collected to determine whether your KPIs are helping you achieve your goals and
whether they need to be adjusted.
By following these steps, you can define HSE KPIs for a company that will help you
meet your obligations to protect your workers and the environment. It is critical to
include all stakeholders in the process, including workers, supervisors, and
management, as well as to continuously monitor and evaluate your KPIs to ensure
their effectiveness.

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NEBOSH

The Organisational Roles and Responsibilities section will

• The CEO or MD – ultimately responsible and accountable for the

RIDDOR - Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous

The criteria to assess the suitability of a contractor may include:

What is the difference between a Material Safety

5 Steps to Successfully Complete a Noise Assessment

1. Identify the Main Sources of Noise. Consider all of the

The upper exposure action values are:

Vibration Exposure Standards

HAVS- HAND ARM VIBRATION SYNDROME

Class A (organic solids) (paper,wood, or textiles)

residual current devices- shetcik ( avtomat)

Accidents can be further subdivided into:

An incident is an event that could have resulted in an

What is a hazard and a risk?

A hazard is anything that could cause harm. And, risk, is a

(LOTO) is set into motion to prevent an unexpected startup

HSE Management System

HSE Policy, Procedures & documentation

Defining the Occupational Health, Safety, and Environmental Key Performance

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