Python Model Paper -2

1. With Python programming examples to each, explain the syntax

and control flow diagrams of break and continue statements.

Continue Statement example:

Continue Statement Flow chart:

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 Break Statement example:

Break Statement Flowchart:

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 2. Explain TWO ways of importing modules into application in
Python with syntax and suitable programming examples.
➢
➢ import statement: The import statement is used to import a module or specific
attributes and functions from a module. The syntax for importing a module is as

follows:

➢ from...import statement: The from...import statement is used to import

specific attributes or functions from a module. The syntax for using this
statement is as follows:

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 3. Write a function to calculate factorial of a number. Develop a program to
compute binomialcoefficient (Given N and R).

Refer record

4. Explain looping control statements in Python with a syntax and example to

each.

Looping control statements in Python are used to control the execution of loops.
There are many looping control statements in Python: break, continue etc..

➢ break statement: The break statement is used to terminate the loop immediately.
When a break statement is encountered inside a loop, the loop is terminated and
the program execution continues with the next statement after the loop.

Syntax:

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 Example:

➢ continue statement: The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration
of the loop and continue with the next iteration.

Syntax:

Example:

5. Develop a Python program to generate Fibonacci sequence of length (N).

Read N from the console.

Refer Record

6. Write a function named DivExp which takes TWO parameters a, b and returns a
value c (c=a/b). Write suitable assertion for a>0 in function DivExp and raise an

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 exception for when b=0. Develop a Python program which reads two values
from the console and calls a function DivExp.

Refer Record

7. Explain FOUR scope rules of variables in Python.

In Python, there are four scope rules for variables, which determine where a
variable can be accessed within a program. They are:

➢ Local Scope: A variable defined inside a function or block is considered to have

local scope. It can only be accessed within that function or block.
➢ Enclosing Scope: If a variable is not defined inside a function, but is defined in an
enclosing function, it can be accessed by the nested function.
➢ Global Scope: A variable defined outside of all functions and blocks is
considered to have global scope. It can be accessed from anywhere in the
program.
➢ Built-in Scope: This is the widest scope and includes all built-in functions and
names. These variables are always available and can be accessed from
anywhere in the program.
8. Explain with a programming example to each: (i) get() (ii) setdefault()

(i) get(): The get() method returns the value of a specified key in a dictionary. If
the key is not present in the dictionary, it returns the specified default value.

Syntax:

Example:

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 (ii) setdefault(): The setdefault() method is used to get the value of a specified
key in a dictionary. If the key is not present in the dictionary, it inserts the key with
the specified default value. Syntax:

Example:

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 9. Develop suitable Python programs with nested lists to explain copy.copy()
and copy.deepcopy( ) methods.

The copy() method creates a shallow copy of the original list, i.e., the new list is a
separate copy of the original list but the elements in the new list still point to the
same objects as the elements in the original list.

The deepcopy() method creates a deep copy of the original list, i.e., the new list
and its elements are completely independent of the original list and its elements.

Here are the Python programs with nested lists to explain these two methods:

➢ Using copy() method:

Output:

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 ➢ Using deepcopy() method:

Output:

10. Explain append() and index() functions with respect to lists in Python.

The append() function is used to add an element to the end of a list.

The index() function is used to find the index of the first occurrence of a
specified element in a list.

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 11. Explain different ways to delete an element from a list with suitable
Python syntax and programming examples.
➢ Using the del statement: The del statement can be used to delete an element
from a list by its index. Here is an example:

➢ Using the remove() method: The remove() method can be used to delete an
element from a list by its value. Here is an example:

➢ Using the pop() method: The pop() method can be used to delete an element
from a list by its index, and it also returns the deleted element. Here is an
example:

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 12. Read a multi-digit number (as chars) from the console. Develop a
program to print the frequency of each digit with suitable message.

Refer Record

13. Tuples are immutable. Explain with Python programming example.

Tuples are immutable in Python, which means the elements of a tuple cannot be
modified once it is created. Here's an example to illustrate this:

Output:

14. Explain Python string handling methods with examples:

split(),endswith(),ljust(), center(), lstrip()

split(): This method is used to split a string into a list of substrings based on a
separator. The separator can be a space, a comma, a hyphen, or any other
character. Here is an example:

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 Output:

endswith(): This method is used to check if a string ends with a particular

substring. It returns True if the string ends with the specified substring, and False
otherwise. Here is an example:

Output:

For ljust center and strip refer IA-2 QB

15. Explain reading and saving python program variables using shelve
module with suitable Python program.

The shelve module in Python provides a simple way to store and retrieve Python
objects to and from disk. The objects can be stored as key-value pairs, where the
keys are strings and the values are the Python objects. In this way, shelve acts
like a persistent dictionary.

Here is an example program that demonstrates how to save variables using the
shelve module:

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 16. Explain Python string handling methods with examples:
join(),startswith(),rjust(),strip(),rstrip()
➢ join() method: The join() method is used to concatenate a list of strings into a
single string using a specified delimiter.

Output:

➢ startswith() method: The startswith() method is used to check whether a string

starts with a specified substring.

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 ➢

Output:

Refer IA-2 Qb for r strip r just etc..

17. Explain with suitable Python program segments: (i) os.path.basename()

(ii)os.path.join().

(i) os.path.basename(): This function returns the final component of a path. It

essentially extracts the filename from the entire path

(ii) os.path.join(): This function joins one or more path components into a
single path. It automatically adds a separator character between the
components.

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 18. Develop a Python program find the total size of all the files in the given
directory

Here's an example Python program that uses the os module to traverse a

directory and its subdirectories and calculates the total size of all the files:

19. Explain permanent delete and safe delete with a suitable Python
programming example to each.

Permanent delete refers to the deletion of a file or directory in a way that it

cannot be restored or recovered. Once a file or directory is permanently deleted, it
is removed from the file system permanently and cannot be recovered even with
specialized software tools. The Python programming example to permanently
delete a file is as follows:

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 Safe delete, on the other hand, is a way of deleting files or directories in a manner
that allows them to be recovered if necessary. This is done by moving the file or
directory to a temporary location, such as the recycle bin or trash folder, instead
of deleting it permanently. The Python programming example to safely delete a
file by moving it to the recycle bin is as follows:

20. Develop a program to backing Up a given Folder (Folder in a current working

directory) into a ZIP File by using relevant modules and suitable methods.

Refer Record

21. Explain the role of Assertions in Python with a suitable program.

Assertions are a means of ensuring that certain conditions are met before
proceeding with the execution of the program. They can be used to check the
correctness of the program and to ensure that the assumptions made by the
programmer are valid. Here's an example of how assertions can be used in
Python:

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 22. Explain the functions with examples: (i) shutil.copytree() (ii) shutil.move()

(iii) shutil.rmtree().

(i) shutil.copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None,

copy_function=copy2, ignore_dangling_symlinks=False)

This function recursively copies an entire directory tree from source path src to
destination path dst. It returns the destination path dst after the copy operation
is completed. Here is an example of how to use this function:

(ii) shutil.move(src, dst, copy_function=copy2)

This function moves a file or directory from source path src to destination path
dst. It returns the destination path dst after the move operation is completed. If
src and dst are on the same filesystem, then os.rename() is used for efficient
move operation, else a copy operation is performed followed by deleting the
original file. Here is an example of how to use this function:

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 (iii) shutil.rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False,
onerror=None)

This function removes an entire directory tree from path path, including all its
subdirectories and files. It returns None after the deletion is completed. Here is
an example of how to use this function:

23. Develop a Python program to traverse the current directory by listing

sub-folders and files.

You can use the os module in Python to traverse the current directory and list all
the sub-folders and files. Here's an example program:

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 (In this program, we first import the os module. Then we define a traverse_dir
function that takes a path as input. We use the os.listdir function to list all the
items in the directory at the given path. We then loop through each item and
check if it is a folder or a file using the os.path.isdir function. If it is a folder,
we print its name and call the traverse_dir function recursively to traverse the
sub-folder. If it is a file, we print its name.

In the main function, we get the current working directory using the os.getcwd function
and pass it to the traverse_dir function to start the traversal.

This program will traverse the current directory and all its sub-folders, printing the name
of each folder and file it encounters.)

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 24. Explain the support for Logging with logging module in Python.

Python provides a built-in module called logging which is used to provide a

flexible logging system for applications. The logging module allows the
application to generate log messages for various events, and also allows the
developer to define custom logging levels and output destinations.

Here is a simple example of how to use the logging module to log messages:

(In the above example, we first set up the logging configuration using the
basicConfig() method. We specify the logging level as DEBUG and the output
destination as a file called example.log. After the logging configuration is set up,
we use the various logging methods such as debug(), info(), warning(), error(),
and critical() to log messages with different logging levels.) Output:

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 25. Explain the methods __init__ and __str__ with suitable code example to
each.

The __init__ and __str__ methods are two special methods in Python classes.
The __init__ method is called automatically when an object is created, and it
initializes the object's attributes. The __str__ method is called when the object is
printed, and it returns a string representation of the object.

Here's an example of how to use the __init__ method to initialize an object's

attributes:

Here's an example of how to use the __str__ method to return a string

representation of the object:

26.Define a function which takes TWO objects representing complex numbers and
returns new complex number with a addition of two complex numbers.Define a

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 suitable class ‘Complex’ to represent the complex number.Develop a program to
read N (N >=2) complex numbers and to compute the addition of N complex
numbers.

Refer record

27. Explain the following with syntax and suitable code snippet:

i) Class definition ii) instantiation iii) passing an instance (or objects) as

an argument iv) instances as return values.

i) Class definition:

In Python, a class can be defined using the class keyword followed by the class name
and a colon. Inside the class definition, you can define methods, attributes, and other
properties of the class.

Syntax

Snippet

ii) Instantiation:

Instantiation is the process of creating an instance of a class, which can be done using
the class name followed by parentheses.

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 Syntax

Snippet

iii) Passing an instance (or objects) as an argument:

In Python, you can pass an instance (or object) of a class as an argument to a function
or method. This allows you to manipulate the instance data in the function or method.

Syntax

Snippet

iv) Instances as return values:

In Python, you can return instances of a class from a function or method. This allows
you to create and return new instances of a class based on some input.

Syntax

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 Snippet

28. Define pure function and modifier. Explain the role of pure functions and
modifiers in application development with suitable python programs.

In programming, a pure function is a function that always produces the same

output for the same input and doesn't have any side effects. On the other hand, a
modifier function is a function that modifies the input data in some way and
produces a new output.

The role of pure functions is to provide a reliable, predictable way of processing

data without the risk of introducing unexpected side effects. Since pure functions
only rely on their input parameters to produce output, they are easier to test and
debug. Here's an example of a pure function:

This function takes two parameters x and y and returns their product without
modifying them in any way. It is a pure function because it always produces the
same output for the same input and doesn't have any side effects.

On the other hand, a modifier function modifies the input data in some way and
produces a new output. Here's an example of a modifier function:

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This function takes a list of numbers as input, increments each number by one, and
returns the modified list. It is a modifier function because it modifies the input data in
place.

In application development, pure functions are often used in situations where data
needs to be processed without altering its original state. Modifier functions, on the other
hand, are used when the input data needs to be modified in some way.

For example, suppose we have a list of numbers and we want to compute the
sum of the squares of the even numbers in the list. Here's how we could do this
using a pure function:

NOTE:~ For the above code add these two lines:-

result=square(5) (Here you can pass any number)

print(result)

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 On the other hand, suppose we have a list of numbers and we want to add a fixed
value to each number in the list. Here's how we could do this using a modifier
function:

NOTE:~ 27 AND 28 QUESTIONS ARE 10 MARK QUESTIONS DO NOT SKIP ANYTHING!

ANSWERS MAY CONTAIN SOME ERRORS**

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