Laptop Repair Topics Part1

Advanced Laptop Repair
Workshop
Session 1
VERA EQUINOX TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Dr. Oliver C. Agustin
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Laptop Repair Workshop
• Tools, Equipment & Software
• Component Familiarization
• Component Testing – 1 hour
• On-board testing of resistors
• On-board testing of MOSFETs
• Datasheet
• Schematic Diagram – 2 hours
• Laptop Power Sequence – 1 hour
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Tools, Equipment & Software
• Antistatic mat, wrist strap, etc.
• Hardware
• Digital Multi-tester
• Oscilloscope
• DC-Bench Power Supply
• Hot Air Rework Machine
• BGA Rework Machine
• Software
• Board Viewer
• SPI Programmer

Antistatic mat, wrist strap, etc.

Hardware
• Digital Multimeter
• For static measurements (resistance, capacitance, diode test)
• Voltage, current test, continuity
• Frequency counter
• Oscilloscope
• For measuring timing, wave forms, duty cycle in SMPS
• Frequency (oscillation), clock signals
• DC, AC, including peak-to-peak voltage
• Hot Air Rework Machine
• For removing/attaching SMD components and small BGA chips
• BGA Rework Machine
• For removing/attaching large BGA chips (NB, SB, PCH, CPU)

• Board Viewer
• OpenBoardView
• https://tinyurl.com/ycqc8cfq
• Excellent board viewer. Can open almost any file format except BRD file greater than 1MB,
• uses accelerated graphics for faster rendering
• BoardViewer - http://boardviewer.net/
• A full .NET (clone?). Can open some file format that openboardview is unable to open (DWG
or CAD) .
• SPI Programmer Software
• Vertyanov, SVOD3 – for flashing SPI firmware in Embedded Controller (SIO), KB
testing, and EDID
• RT809F – standard programmer, commonly used with some expansion module for
flashing EC, EDID and KB testing
• SkyPro – online firmware and software update, SPI programmer

Component Testing(1)
• Passive Components
• Resistor
• Capacitor
• Thermistor (Negative Thermal Coefficent, Positive Thermal Coefficient)
• Active Components
• Diode
• Transistor (BJT)
• MOSFET
• Integrated Circuits
• Charger IC
• Power Regulator
• LDO Regulators

Component Familiarization
• Passive Components
• MOSFET
• EC Controller
• SPI Chip
• South Bridge Chip

Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor

MOSFET
• Type
• N-Channel
• P-Channel
• Packaging
• MOSFET Count

EC Controller (SIO)
• Brands
• SMSC
• ITE
• ENE
• NUVOTON
• WINBOND

SPI Chips
• Packaging
• SOP8 (150mil and 200mil)
• Size
• 64Kb – 16MB
• Brand
• Winbond
• GigaDevices
• Macronix

BGA Chips
• North Bridge Chip (GMCH)
• South Bridge Chip (ICH)
• Platform Controller Hub (PCH)
• Fusion Controller Hub (FCH)
• CPU

Component Testing (2)
Passive Components - Resistor
• Resistor
• Out of circuit test - resistance test through ohmmeter
• In circuit resistance test (approximate resistance)
• Near regulators, ICs – pull up resistor will read exact values
• In series resistor – approximate value
• Parallel resistor – always lower than the lowest rated value connected in parallel
• If reading is abnormal, pull-out the resistor and test out of circuit
• Voltage test - Voltmeter
• Usually done with negative (black) probe connected to ground

Component Testing (2) If value is far from estimated
resistance, pull from board and
Passive Components - Resistor test to confirm
Series Resistors Parallel Resistors

• Resistance will always be very • Reading always smaller than the
close to the rated value resistance of resistor w/ smallest
value
Passive Components - Capacitor
• Capacitor
• Resistance test – should
read Megaohms in any
direction (forward/reverse
polarity), if not, pull out the
component from board and
test.
• Voltage test – should read
the same as the voltage rail,
if reading is not same,
investigate further
Active Components - Diode
• Diode
• Diode Test
• Forward Bias: 30mv – 900mv
• Reverse Bias: No reading (OL)
• Resistance Test
• Forward Bias: kiloohms
• Reverse Bias: megaohms
Active Components – BJT Transistor
• Resistance Tests
• B-E = test like diode
• B-C = high and low resistance
for forward/reverse
• CE = high resistance for
forward/reverse (the other
one is a bit lower)
Active Components –MOSFET
• Resistance Test
• D-S
• High resistance
• If diode is present – use diode test
• G-D = high resistance
• G-S = high resistance
Datasheet - MOSFET
• Examples:
• 2N7002 - https://www.diodes.com/assets/Datasheets/ds11303.pdf
• AON6414A - http://www.aosmd.com/pdfs/datasheet/AON6414A.pdf

On-Board MOSFET Testing
• Do this before performing resistance test on MOSFET
• Before performing resistance test, MOSFET must be discharged to prevent
incorrect readings
• You will notice this if MOSFET appears D/S pin is shorted
• Board must not be powered on
• Short the pins G/S, G/D and D/S
• Measurement Sequence
• D/S
• G/D
• G/S

On-Board MOSFET Testing
• High-Side MOSFET
• Measure the resistance of Drain to Source Pin
• If reading indicated 50 ohms or greater, MOSFET is good
• If reading is below 50 ohms, MOSFET is faulty
• Measure the resistance between Gate and Source
• Reading should indicate resistance higher than 1k ohms
• If reading is below 1k ohms, MOSFET is faulty
• Low-Side MOSFET
• Measure the resistance between Drain and Source
• If not shorted, MOSFET may be good (3 ohms)
• Measure the resistance between Gate and Source
• Reading should indicate resistance higher than 1k ohms
• If reading is below 1k ohms, MOSFET is faulty

On-Board MOSFET Testing -Summary
• MOSFET is good if
• G/S, G/D is above 1K ohms
• D/S is above 50 ohms for High-Side MOSFET
• D/S is not short for Low-Side MOSFET (3 ohms)
• Diode Test in D/S must be 0.4V (HS), 0.030 (LS)
• MOSFET that is tested BAD must be removed from board and tested
again for confirmation
• If all MOSFET are replaced with good MOSFET and output is still
short, then
• Problem may be caused by the IC itself or load circuit

Integrated Circuits (IC)
• To effectively test IC, we need • Exemption
access to a schematic or • Resistance Compensation
datasheet • RCOMP
• Based on where the pin is
connected, we can predict an
approximate reading
• All resistance reading (pin to
ground) should be in kiloohms
range
• IC may be defective if one pin is
reads shorted
Integrated Circuits – Charger IC (BQ24725,
BQ24735, BQ24737, BQ24738)
• VCC – 19V
• ACDET – 2.5V (2.4v-3.15v)
• REGN – 6V
• ACOK – 3.3v (open-drain output)
• ACDRV – 25V
Integrated Circuits – Charger IC (BQ24721)
• VCC – 19V
• PVCC – 19V
• ACDET – 1.2v
• REGN
• Battery not detected – 4.6V
• Battery detected – 6V
• ACDRV# – PVCC-6V
• VREF5 - 5V (also indicates that
the battery is detected)
• VCC – 19V
• ACDET – 2.5V (2.4v-3.15v)
• REGN – 6V
• ACOK – 3.3v (open-drain output)
• ACDRV – 25V
• ACIN – 2.5V
• DCIN – 19V
• VREF – 3.3v
• ACOK – 3.3V
Integrated Circuits – 3V/5V(TPS51125)
• VIN – 19V
• VREF – 2V
• VREG5 – 5V
• VREG3 – 3.3V
• ENTRIP1 – 0.6V – 1.2V
• ENTRIP2 – 0.6V – 1.2V
• EN0 – 3.3V or higher
• PGOOD – 3.3V
• VCLK – 270kHz
• DRVL1/DRVL2 – 0v (5v means problem
with the load)
• VIN – 19V
• VREF – 2V
• ENTRIP1 – 0.6V – 1.2V
• ENTRIP2 – 0.6V – 1.2V
• VREG5 – 5V
• VREG3 – 3V
• ENC – 3.3V-5V
• DRVL1/DRVL2 – 0v (5v means
problem with the load)
• PGOOD – 3.3V
• VIN – 19V
• EN1/EN2 – 1.6v
• VREG5 – 5V
• VREG3 – 3V
• PGOOD – 3.3V
• VCLK – 260kHz
• DRVL1/DRVL2 – 0v
(5v means problem
with the load)
Integrated Circuits – 3V/5V(RT8206B)
• VIN – 19V
• REF – 2V
• ENLDO – 5V
• LDO – 5V
• PGOOD1 – 3.3v
• PGOOD2 – 3.3V
• VIN – 19V
• ENLDO – >3.3V
• LDO3/5 – 3.3V/5V
• ENTRIP1 – 0.8V or higher
• PGOOD – 3.3v
Integrated Circuits – 3V/5V(RT8243A/B/C)
• VIN – 19V
• ENLDO – 3.3V
• LDO3/LDO5 – 3V/5V
• ENTRIP1/ENTRIP2 - .6 or higher
• SECFB (B/C) – 2V
• PGOOD – 3.3v
• VIN – 19V
• EN1/EN2 – 5V
• LDO3/5 – 3.3V/5.5V
• PGOOD – 3.3v
Integrated Circuits – 3.3V Reg(SY8208B)
• IN – 19V
• LDO – 3.3V
• EN – 3.3V or higher
• PG – 3.3v
Integrated Circuits – 5V Reg(SY8208C)
• IN – 19V
• LDO – 5V
• EN– 3.3V or higher
• PG – 3.3v
Integrated Circuits – 3.3V Reg(SY8286B)
• IN – 19V
• EN1 – 3.3V
• LDO – 3.3V @150mA
• OUT – 3.3V
• PG – 3.3v
Integrated Circuits – 5V Reg(SY8286C)
• IN – 19V
• EN1 – 3.3V
• LDO – 5V @ 150mA
• OUT – 5V
• PG – 3.3v
Integrated Circuits – 1.8V/1.24V/1.05V(RT8068A)
PVIN/SVIN – 3.3V
EN = 3.3V
LX = 1.8V (Output)
FB = 0.6V
PG = 3.3V
Integrated Circuits – CPU Regulator
• VR_ON – 3.3v
• VCC – 2V
• PGOOD – 3.3V
• VRHOT – 3.3V or higher
Board Identification
• Compal – LA-C341P
• Quanta – da0zqmb6f0
• Inventec
• Lenovo - LCFC
• Asus
• Wistron – 12453-1
Intel Micro Architecture
Microarchitecture Core Generation Release Year
Arrandale 1 2010
Sandy Bridge 2 2011
Ivy Bridge 3 2012
Haswell 4 2013
Broadwell 5 2014
Skylake 6 2015
Kaby Lake 7 2016
Coffee Lake 8 2018
Canon Lake 9 2018

Schematic Diagram (1)
Block Diagram – LA-C341P

Voltage Rails

Voltage Rails (cont…)

Schematic Diagram
SMB/I2C

SMB Block Diagram
• Describes communications
among
• SIO, Charging IC and Battery
• SIO and Touchpad
• SIO, PCH and EDP
• There are 2 or more SMBus in
laptops (depends on OEM)
• PCH
• GPU
• SIO
SMB Block Diagram
KBC/SIO SMBus PCH SMBus

Audio Block Diagram
Thermal Block Diagram
Schematic Diagram
Power Distribution/Power Block

Laptop Power Sequence
Generic Step
• 19v (@sense resistor)
• Main Regulator
• 3VALW/5VALW
• S5_ON/S5_ENABLE – 3.3v (may need to push power button)
• 3V_S5/5V_S5
• 1.8V_S5, 1.05V_S5
• RSMRST# - 3.3v (may need to push power button)
• NBSWON#/ ON/OFFBTN#/DNBSWON# - 3v-0-3v
• SLP_S4#/SLP_S3#, SUSC#/SUSB#
• PLTRST#
• CPU_RST#
• DRAMRST#

Power Sequence

GPU Power Sequence (Depends on Brand/Model)

GPU Power Sequence (Depends on Brand/Model)
General Power Sequence
Asus
1. +3VA_EC 16. SUSC_EC#
2. EC_RST# 17. SUSB_EC#
3. PM_SLP_SUS# 18. ME_+VM_PWRGD
4. PM_DPWROK 19. ME_PWR_OK
5. VSUS_ON 20. SYSTEM_PWRGD
6. SUS_PWRGD 21. VTT_PWRGD
7. ME_SUSPWRDNACK 22. +0.8VS_PWRGD
8. PM_RSMRST# 23. ALL_SYSTEM_PWRGD
9. ME_AC_PRESENT 24. PM_PCHPWROK
10. PM_SUSACK# 25. H_DRAM_PWRGD
11. PW_SW# 26. H_CPU_PWRGD
12. PM_PWRBTN# 27. SVID
13. PM_ME_SLP_LAN#/SLP_A# 28. CORE_PWRGD
14. PM_SUSC# 29. PM_SYSPWROK
15. PM_SUCB# 30. BUF_PLT_RST#
Quanta - Baytrail
1. RTC_VCC 15. +VCC_CORE
2. RTC_CLK 16. +1.0V
3. RTC_TEST# 17. +1.05V
4. +1.0V_S5 18. +1.35V
5. +1.8V_S5 19. +1.8V
6. +1.2V_S5 20. +3.3V
7. +3V_S5 21. SLP_SUS#_EC
8. SOC_RSMRST#/PMC_RSMRST# 22. +VDDQ_VTT
9. SUSC#/PMC_SLP_S4# 23. +1.35VSX
10. SUSWARN#_EC/PMC_SUSPWRDNACK 24. +1.0VSX
11. +1.3VSUS/VDDQ 25. SOC_DRAM_PWROK
12. SOC_DRAM_PWROK/DRAM_VDD_S4_PWROK 26. CORE_PWROK
13. SUSB#/PMC_SLP_S3# 27. PCH_SLP_S0#
14. +VCC_GFX 28. PLTRST
Quanta - Broadwell
1. VIN 11. RSMRST# 32. +3V
2. VL 12. SB_ACDC 33. +5V
3. +3VPCU/+5VPCU 13. DNBSWON# 34. HWPG_1.5V
4. +15V 14. SUSC#
35. +0.75V_ON/HWPG_1.05V_EC#
5. DSW_ON/+3.3V_DSW 15. SUSON
36. EC_PWROK/VCCST_PWRGD_EN
6. DPWROK 16. +1.35V_SUS
7. POWER BUTTON/NBSWON# 17. DDR_VTTREF
37. VRON/VRON_CPU
8. S5_ON 18. SUSB# 38. VCCIN
9. +1.05V_S5 19. MAINON 39. IMVP_PWRGD
10. +3V_S5 32. DDR_PG_CTRL 40. PCH_CLK
11. +5V_S5 33. DDR_VTT_RUN 41. SYS_PWROK
12. HWPG_1.05V 34. HWPG_VDDR 42. SVID
35. +1.05V 43. PLTRST#
36. +1.5V
Compal – Broadwell
• 1. ACIN • 17. VR_ON
• 2. +3VLP • 18. +SOC_VCC
• 3. EC_ON • 19. +SOC_VNN
• 4. +3VALW • 20. VGATE
• 5. +5VALW • 21. SUSP#
• 6. SPOK • 22. +1.0VS
• 7. +1.0VALW • 23. +1.05VS
• 8. +1.8VALW • 24. +1.35VS
• 9. ON/OFF • 25. +1.5VS
• 10. EC_RSMRST# • 26. +1.8VS
• 11. PBTN_OUT# • 27. +3VS
• 12. EC_SLP_S5# • 28. +5VS
• 13. EC_SLP_S3# • 29. +0.675VS
• 14. SYSON • 30. KBRST#
• 15. +1.35V • 31. PMC_CORE_PWROK
• 16. DDR_PWROK • 32. DDR_CORE_PWROK
• 33. PMC_PLTRST#
Compal – Baytrail-M
• ACIN • +SOC_VCC
• EC_ON • +SOC_VNN
• SPOK • VGATE
• ON/OFF • SUSP# (all VS rail)
• EC_RSMRST# • KBRST#
• PBTN_OUT# • PMC_CORE_PWROK
• EC_SLP_S4# • DDR_CORE_PWROK
• EC_SLP_S3# • PMC_PLTRST#
• SYSON
• DDR_PWROK
• VR_ON
Quanta – Shark Bay
• +PWR_SRC • DGPU_VC_EN
• +3VPCU • ALL +SUS Rail
• NBSWON1# • +3VLANVCC
• S5_ON • ALL +V Rail
• VCCDSW3_3 • +VCC_CORE
• DNBSWON# • +3V_GFX
• SUSC# • +VGACORE
• SUSB# • +1.5V_GFX
• SUS_ON • +1.05V_GFX
• LAN_POWER • HWPG
• MAINON • IMVP_PWRGD
• VRON • DGPU_PWROK
• DGPU_PWR_EN • EC_PWROK
• PLTRST#
Compal Ibex Peak-M
• 1. VIN • 16. VR_ON
• 2. B+ • 17. +CPU_CORE
• 3. +3VL • 18. IMVP_CLK_EN#
• 4. +5VALW/+3VALW • 19. CLKIN_BCLK
• 5. EC_RSMRST# • 20. VGATE/PWROK
• 6. ON/OFF# • 21. SYS_PWROK
• 7. PBTN_OUT# • 22. MEPWROK
• 8. SLP_S5# • 23. DRAMPWROK
• 9. SLP_S4# • 24. CLKOUT_BCLK
• 10. SYSON • 25. PROCPWRGD
• 11. +1.5V • 26. VCCPPWRGOOD_0
• 12. SLP_S3# • 27. VCCPPWRGOOD_1
• 13. SUSP# • 28. SUS_STAT#
• 14. +5VS/+3VS/+1.8VS/+1.5VS/+1.05VS/+VCCP • 29. PLT_RST#
• 15. VTTPWRGOOD
Lenovo – Haswell/Broadwell
1. B+ 11. SYSON
2. +3VLP 12. SUS_VCCP
3. EC_ON 13. SUSP#
4. +3VALW 14. VR_ON
5. DPWROK_EC 15. VR_REDY
6. PCH_PWR_EN# 16. PCH_PWROK
7. +3V_PCH 17. SYS_PWROK
8. PCH_RSMRST# 18. PM_DRAM_PWRGD
9. PBTN_OUT# 19. H_CPUPWRGD
10. PM_SLP_(S5#-S3#, SUS#) 20. CPU_PLTRST#
Sony – Sandy Bridge
• AD+ • PM_SLP_S4#
• AC_IN# • PM_SLP_S3#
• AD+_IN • RUN_ENABLE
• 3D3V_AUX_S5/5V_AUX_S5 • RUN_PWROK
• EC_GPIO71 • VTT_PWRGD
• 3D3V_AUX_KBC • PWR_VCCSA_PWRGD
• S5_ENABLE • ALL_SYS_PWROK
• 3V/5V_EN • S0_PWR_GOOD
• 3D3V_S5/5V_S5 • VCC_CORE/VCC_GFXCORE/SVID/PM_DRAM_
• ALW_PWRGD_3V_5V PWRGD/H_CPUPWRGD
• PM_RSMRST# • IMVP_PWRGD
• SYS_PWROK
• PM_PWRBTN#
• PLTRST#
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Advanced Laptop Repair

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Series Resistors Parallel Resistors

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KBC/SIO SMBus PCH SMBus

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